PAGE POUKTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Wednesday, March S,~t961

Wtdnasday, Marcii 8, 1961 >

Food Soles Tax-Most Explosive

Thas..success of Gov. Sanfords proposal for increasing state revenues has been tied to the most con-trovercial and politically explosive single issue in the state's tax structure . . . the imposing of a three per cent sales tax on food.

There are many other recommendations Gov. Sanford could have made to the legislature that would have stirred controversy; but none of them, we think, would have the universal impact of the proposal to eliminate the sales tax exemption on food.

Obviously the governors proposal hinges on the legislatures decision on whether or not to eliminate the food sales tax exemption. By eliminating all the present 40-odd exemptions in the states sales tax law, Gov. Sanford has estimated the state could expect $83 million in additional revenues in the next biennium. Eliminating the sales tax exemption on food alone would bring in some $50 million during the biennium, OT 60 per cent of the total.amount of^iievv revenue the governor has called for.

If the exemption for food remains in the states

sales tax Jaweven though all other exemptions are removedthe legislature would have to find some $50 million from other sources to balance the proposed increases in expenditures in the next biennium.. This would involve a number of new sources of revenue, each one of v^ich would certainly be controvert sial.

OasisOr Mirage?

l arheels Stole Gincinnati Show

The governor made clear in his proposal that he has sought the broadest possible base for his proposed tax increases. Certainly by eliminating the sales tax exemptions the broadest possible base would, be achieved, and the revenue increase from year to year from this source could be expected to expand as the ^^economy of the state expands.'Few if any other possible new sources of state revenue would have either the broad base or the growth potential in terms of future revenues offered in eliminating sales tax exemptions.

When North Carolinas sales tax law was passed in 1933 as an emergency measure, it was passed with virtually no exemptions, and food was one of the Jtems taxed under tlfe law. Food remained an item subject to state sales tax in North Carolina until 1941 when it was exempted following a recommendation by the late Gov. J. Melvin Broughton Since then only certain luxury food items have subject to the sales tax.

Whether the legislature chooses-to follow the recommendation of the governor concerning new tax

By LYXN MSBET

CAROLINA FIRST North CaroUaa people and exhibits

the show* on opening day f Uie big Ohio Valley Sports and Travel Show at Cineinnatl last Saturday. Tarheel participation was jointly sponsored by the advertising division of the CAD department, the Travel Council of North Carolia and half a doceo indUidual exhibitors. These included the Carolinian Hotel and the Nags Head area: Morehead City Chamber of Commerce: Wilmington Chamber of Commerce: Fontana Village:

Cherokee Association, the Asheville Chamber of Commerce-embracing a wide mountain area, and Piedmont Aviation at Win-ton-Salem.

Because the North Carolina displays were grouped together making in effect one exhibit covering from the coast to the mouBtains, the section was by far the most impressive in the whole hall. Canadian and New England exhibits were fine, but were scattered.

Thirty or more Tarheels were on hand to man the display booths and pass out Information and literature. The delegation was headed by Governor Terry Sanford and C&D Director Hargrove Bowles. The Governors immediate party made the trip In a demonstration Beechcraft executive type five-place plane, pllotfti by Ken Brugh of Greensboro and Tom Warner of the Beechcraft home office. (Dcmon-trationa of other types aircraft havt been and will be given before the State ofcials decide whether to buy a plane or what kind to buy.)

Cincinnati weather was lousy Saturday and Sunday, while conditions in N<u*th Carolina were almost perfect. Governor Sanford insisted that he had no Jurisdiction over Ohio weather. That was under Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges. The pilots were kappy about the bad weather. It gave a chance to denumstrate radar and other Instmment equipment.

GUESTS The Carolinians were hosts at a luncheon Saturday honoring Governor Sanford and Mayor Bachrach of Cincinnati and other prominent local people. Governor DiSalle of Ohio was invited, but in a note to Governor Sanford he explained that he had made a campaign promise not to leave Columbus, the state capitol. while the legislature was in session. He suggested, further, that in view of the fact he la a Democrat and the Ohio state senate has 20 Republicans and 18 Democrats, it wasnt wise to leave town regardless of campaign promise.

Indians from Cherokee, pirates Crom Nags Head, ladies from axalsaland around Wilmington in costume added to attractions at the luncheon and the display booth. Those who were not in special costume wore hats banded with North Carolina, or the

little lapel Tarheel pins or some other particular designation for the sUte.

sources remains to be seen. Under any circumstances, however, it is our opinionas we have stated previouslythat any new taxes should be founded on a

Ebchibitors for western ranches and fighting-hunting camps also wcwe distmctive costumes. The Virginians featured Confederate gray uniforms, less distinctive of the particular state.

ONE TRACK This was a one-purpose venture for North Carolina the promotion of travel to the state by showing the natural and manmade attractions and the variety of sports and recreational facilities. Governor Sanford and Director Bowles had addresses of some industry contacts, but agreed that time was too short to diversify activities. Single-minded attention was given to travel. It was the first experience for the state folks In that restricted line, and the official voiced bpihion that it was highly successful just a. had been other safaris and exhibitions promoting the purely industrial phase of development.

EDUCATION The Governor and the director did steal out time enough to visit the central industrial vocational high school in downtown Cincinnati. They picked up some ideas that might be adapted in North Carolina, not on as big scale but in connection with the smaller industrial education centers throughout the state. The population of Cincinnati, from which the central school draws pupils, is approximately the same as that of what is coming to be kno'wn as the Piedmont industrial triangle of North Carolina, the points of which - are roughly Greensboro - Statesville - Charlotte. The North Carolinians were somewhat surprised to learn that the percentage of non-white population In Cincinnati is higher than in this state.

UNIFIED The North Carolinians had the primary purpose of teaching Ohioans and other about the home state. It developed they also learned something of value. Perhaps one of the principal dividends derived from participation of the several agencies in this travel show was the Importance of cooperative andtunlfted effort in the total job of selling North Carolina to the rest of the world. There was no evidence of warfare at anclnnati between the pirates from Nags Head and the Indians from Cherokee. The charming ladies who manned the booths of the mountain resorts, with white coluds floating above blue peaks, and those who staffed the beach resort exhibits and emphasized historic sites, worked as a team to induce more people to come to North Carolina.

This evidence of unified and cooperative effort elicited commendation from the high ranking State officials who joined In the total effort to promote travel In and -through North Carolina.

broad base rather than designating specific segments of the states economic structure to bear a disproportionate share of the increased revenues North Carolina needs.

Tremendous Growth

Of College Is Apparent

'Nfikitas

* ^

asier

By GEOBE E. SOKOLSKY^

Copyright, 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

It was undoubtedly Nikita

Khru5hchey> belief that the defeat of ^wchard Nixon and

It was two years ago that the first mens dormitory on the new south campus of East Carolina College was completed. Since then another similar structure has been put in use in the area and approximately 1,000 men students are housed on the new campus.

Approval this week of a federal loan of $625,000 to be combined with state bond funds of a similar amount will mean another 500-man dormitory will be built in the same area. If recommendations of the Advisory Budget Commission are approved by the General Assembly this year, funds for a fourth mens dormitory on the south campus will be available.

In what will be a span of less than five years. East Carolina College will have added on its south campus facilities to house approximately 2,000 men students.

Certainly this represents tremendous growth Jn the housing facilities for men students at the College, but perhaps more significant is the fact that the growth of the colleges enrollment has'* remained ahead of even this rapid rate of providing new dormitory facilities.

If the present rate of growth in the enrollment of East Carolina College continuesand all indications point to the fact that it willby the time dormitory facilities now planned are completed, there will still exist the need for additional similar facilities.

East Carolinas growth is of increasing importance to higher education in North Carolina, and obviously its continued growdh is of tremendous importance to Greenville and Pitt County.

By HENRY HOWARD

;Each To His Own Taste

Some of ua like it. Some of us dont. Music, that is.

Some of us have them. Some of us don't. Old favorites, that is.

Its just another of those amazing varying notions that make us what we areindividuals.

And a popular and long-used bit of logic, as we all know, is: Every man to his own likes and dislikes, tastes and distastes.

All this was called to mind yesterday in a discussion about music lovers, music makers and musical things in general.

In those fleeting moments

when the nose is temporarily held a safe enough distance from the proverbial grindstone to avoid the slightest bit of abrasion, we often find it rather relaxing to discuss in a sorta haphazard fashion such topics as musical preferences.

Any topic will do. Just so its something that is usually consid-ed utterly irrelevant to anything of a consequential nature.

Our topic yesterday, however, just happened to be music. That was not unusual since Guy Lombardo had whisked through town.

Other Editors Saying ... Also Have Rights

More Rules In

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP> It started with the maids and cooks and now its all the way up to the generals.

President Kennedy last October laid down eight basic rules on morality and ethics In government which he said he would follow if elected.

One of them said no employe of the executive branch could use his official position for financial profit or personal gain.

Two days after taking office he aet up a three-man committee to atudy ethical tandards and practice is the government.

Then in February a former White House seamstress, Lillian Rogers Parks, came out with a book on her experiences in the executive mansion.

'Kennedys White House aides took 8tep.s to see that such a thing doesnt happen again.

The day before publication of the former seamstress book. Pierre Salinger. Kennedys pre^ secretary, said all the present domestic and personal help at the White House had signed a pledge they will not write about their jobs.

Kennedy also laid down a rule about gifto to the White House but at this moment theres a little uncertainty about it.

This writer, hearing that any gift over $l& must be retuiiiod and any under that must be given to charity, asked Salinger if this 1 right.

He said it was. But another writer told Salinger he thought the rule was that any gift over $25 had 'to be turned over to the Smithsonian Institution.

Salinger said, come to think of it. maybe that was it. He said it was too late In the day to find out for sure.

But Monday Kennedy went far beyond all this.

Salinger told newsmen Kennedy intends to forbid officials of his administration to make speeches or write articles for pay unless they give it to charity.

And Salinger let It be known Kennedy intends to tighten up an old Pentagon directive to prevent members of the armed forces from cashing in on stories of their experiences, except after they retire.

There is such a ban now but there have been frequent exemptions. Salinger said the new policy will apply to all government people over whom the President has authority.

Kennedy also laid down a rule for himself in that speech last October. Explaining what hed do about gifts If he became president, he said: All gifts which cannot be appropriately refused such as gifts from public organizations or foreign government to the President of the United Statesshall immediately be assigned to the Smithsonian Institution or other federal agencies for historical, scientific or welfare uses. The president I Continued on page five)

(Richmond News Leader)

A text has just come to hand of the superlative opinion handed down on January 20 by Justice Robert Hunt Parker, of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, in the matter of half a dozen defendants convicted of trespass as the outgrowth of a dimenstore sit-in in Durham.

The merits of the case, in one sense, are beside the point. Sooner or later, retail merchants throughout the SSuth w'ill abandon their segregation policies in tea rooms and lunch counters. This is coming, a.s the night follows the day. and we neither weep nor applaud. So be it. Society changes, and one adapts to it.

But Justice Parker, in this case, crashed through the polite facade that has grown up around segregation issues in order to say some blunt things that badly need saying. Here, five Negro students at North Carolina College for Negroes in Durham ac-* companled by two white students at Duke, deliberately had tres-pa.vsed at the lunch counter of ' a Kress store and had sought arrest. They contended, among other arguments, that State ction had been invoked when the store manager summoned a local police officer to take them away after simple requests to leave had proved unavailing.

The North Carolina Supreme Court In unanimously upholding the convictions, began by upholding the right to discriminate.

It is a priceless 'privilege now much degraded. The court said, citing impressive authority, that a private restaurant operator has every right to serve whom he pleases and to deny service to whom he pleases. In exercising this - right, such a restaurant owner is Invoking property rights that were old when the Constitution was young fundamental, natural, inherent, and unalienable rights that cannot ever bfe taken from him.

In point of fact, the defendants had not seriously challenged this right. Their principal contention was that when the store manager ,

called in a policeman, whose salary is paid from public funds, he was thereby invoking State action to enforce racial segregation in violation of the defendants rights as proclaimed by the Supreme Court. This contention has become quite popular of late. It is the principal defense relied upon by the NA ACP in all of the sit-in cases now working their way through Southern courts.

Without additional explanation or comment, let us quote Justice Parkers opinion. It speaks eloquently in behalf of a legal point of view that ought never to be obscured:

Private rights and privileges in a peaceful society living under a constitutional form of government like ours are inconceivable without State machinery by which they are enforced. Courts must act when parties apply to them even refusal to act is a pastive declaration of law and; hence, there is a fundamental inconsistency in speaking of the rights of an individual who cannot have judicial recognition of his rights. . .

The fact that the State provides a system of courts so that S. H. Kress A Company can enforce its legal rights against trespassers upon its private property. . .cannot fairly be said to be State action enforcing rsicial segregation in violation of the 14th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Such judicial process violates no rights of the defendants. . . .If a land owner or one in possession of land cannot protect his natural, inherent and constitutional right to have his land free from unlawful invasion by Negro and white trespassers in a case like this by judicial process as here, because it is State action, then he had no other alternative but to eject them with a gentle hand if he can, with a strong hand if he must- . . .White people also have constitutional rights as well as Negroes, which must be protected. if our consUtutional form of government 1 not to vanish from the face of the earth.

His visit apparently^ prompted our discussion.

As usually happens, the newsroom stragglers join with the composing room philosophers in thrashing out a subject. Yesterday was no exception.

One of the most outspoken of the philosopher group was admittedly-a music fan. His ofjec-tion to normal practice in the music profession was monotony because of repetition.

Would you go to hear the same speaker make the same speech hour after hour, day after day? he asked.

We allowed we probably might not enjoy such a practice, whereupon he wanted to know: Well, how come you love to listen to the same band playing the same song time after time? His point was well taken as several pairs of ears perked up a little more than they usually do' during these sessions.

A few thoughtful seconds to let this line of reasoning settle,and we announced that, while it would not be neccessary to agree to banish second-hand songs we would have to admit the basic idea was logically sound.

We silently repledged our alle,-giance to our old favorites, almost bemoaning the suggestion that they should never be heard again.

But at the same time, we ielt refreshed to hear a new line of reasoning about the tastes of the human musical ear.

We firmly held to the belief that certain musical compositions are. to us anyway, definite artistic contributions to a cultur-cd society*

But in the same thought we noticed a strong urge to say: Youre absolutely right. Some of these musical contributions are no more good the second go-round than a second-hand firecracker.

Ooinions

The progress of the future l.s linked to freedom of thought and freedom of speech. Consequently, those who seek th' truth should vigorously oppo.se any effort to curb them or circumscribe the right of man to formulate his own thoughts and express them freely to others. Oxford (Neb.) Standard.

"We get a sinking feeling in our stomachs as we read that in a survey among high school students on the question Who contributes most toward improved living standards business, government or union leaders, business ran a poor third. Bridgewater (S.D.) Tribune.

the election of John Pj Kennedy would violently and sharply alter Russo-American relations. Furthermore, the Russian undoubtedly-assumed that the return of Adlai Stevenson, George P. Kennan, and Charles E. Bohlen to the State Department would mean a return to the hey-day of Teheran and Yalta where everything was handed to Stalin on a silver platter.

It as come as a surprise to Khrushchev to' discover that whereas Kennedy is a Democrat and looks very young and may be a bit play-boyish at times, he is also hard as nails and tough as the Boston Irish generally are and that flattery does not go very far because he has beem amply flattered and is used to it. Also. It must come somewhat as a shock that Adlai Stevenson, who, when out of office, Ulked loosely and often not too wisely, is. in office, no pushover and that he stands his ground well in. debate and can lose his temper, too. Also, that whereas it was assumed that he was soft about Russia, his conduct In the United Nations

proves that he follows policy as set.

In fact, the entire picture is the opposite of what Khrushchev -expected. He had planned to come to the united Nations

General Assembly and expected to be asked to visit the President at the White House which, in the formality of international

relations, would have been a victory for Khrushchev, an insult to Eisenhower and as things stand today, a repudiation of France and Belgium.

It was~a tempting thing to do from the standpoint of American domestic politics because

it would then have been possible for Kennedy to say that where Eisenhower and Nixon failed, he succeeded. But at what a price? Instead, Kennedy proposed that the Five Stars be restored to Eisenhow- er, an honor he surely deserves. Such a tracious attitude it not understandable in countries where poliUcs are still personally brutal.

Khrushchev has decided not to come to the United Nations, to forego the excitement of being guarded by the New York police force and of thumping his desk with his shoe for the ben^ fit of the television cameras. Instead, Andrei Gromyko, who seems to have forgotten how to smile, is to come which means that such top men as Tito. Nasser, Nehru and other train followers of the mighty Russ will also stay away.

The three principal questions before the General Assembly will be:

1. The dismissal of Dag Ham-marskjold as Secretary-General and the substitution of a Secretariat consisting of a Soviet, a Western, and a neutral secretary:

2. The removal of the United Nations from the Congo;

3. The admission of Red China to the United Nations.

If these thrjee items are analyzed dispassionately this session of the General Assembly of the United Nations will decide whether that body continues to exist and in what form. Soviet Ru&sia has developed an issue which can have the effect of forcing the Western countries, including the United States, to leave the United Nations. Should they choose to remain after Dag Hammarskjold is dismissed, the Western nations would be in a ridiculous position.

From this standpoint, this session of the General Assembly is climactic. The Congo issue is not over Africa for the Africans* as Soapy Williams unfortunately said, but oyer whether Soviet Russia will take over a good part of Africa or whether the United Nations will be able to safeguard the independence of^ the countries liberated from cm" ^ lonialism. What is the advantage to the African people if they switch from France, Belgium, and Great Britain and are then taken over by Soviet Russia or the United Arab Republic? What is the advantage to anyonr except the new exploiters?

Cutting through the oratory and the diplomatic gibberish, this is the Congo issue as it appears in the United Nations. Undoubtedly, Khrushchev was attempting to wean President Kennedy away from the American policy of protecting the new nations to (Continued on Page 5)

r

r

i rucKers a ax ivi

Help Rails

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS IT ALL HANGS TOGETHER

The very hairs of your head are all numbered. Thus said Jesus. (Malt, 10:30; Luke 12;7.

This may seem a strange, an unrelated, and unimportant utterance of the Great Teacher. But it was an utterance of great significance. It was our Lords way of s%jing that everything in the universe hangs together. Prom the-Smallest thing in^the universe to the greatest, all is one. The structure and growth of s hair,. Uje* JoiAtlon. pf the seasons, the movement of the jpiqet!v--thec are aU tMd to* ge'thef Husras dellnllely a4 UT smallest cell of .our body Is connected With every other cell.

Le^us be aware of the fact

^ that existence is a thrlllinf en-' terpnse in living. What w call death is but the shedding of a physical envelope in which our personalities for a brief period are contained. Thn we go on to another existence. If our training for eternity ends here, some of us are going to be embarrassingly unprepared. It may take millions of yeara to prepare us for an etenial abode in heaven. '

. And all the time we are Uvlag persons in a living universe. This universe teems with life. ^The life on this planet la nothing compiM lWth wrilTeHMlrtTtt^ exist throughout Gods universe. * UTRl is T-lfp. God Is light. God is love And we are all a part of the vaAl existence over which God presides.

By ELMER ROESSNER

President Kennedys plan to reduce the Federal Highway Program by heavier taxea on trucks may also rescue the railroads.

However, the increased taxes will eventually be passed on to consumers.

Most railroads are in trouble. .They have lost cargo to trucks and. to a limited extent, to airlines. They have lost passengers to airlines, buses and lulvate cars.

A fundamental reason la the tremendoua Improvement* in hlghwsia. If the nations highways were' no better than they were, in 1933, buses and private cays would not be half as popu-iicr' aar they *! today wad -the bulks ct bodies and freJffht would

move by - T -

COMPLAINT

The railroads naturally complain tl)at while the governni|fnt

maintains fine and constantly growing networks of highways and while the government maintains the air route with radio an4 radar controls the railroads still must maintain their rails and roadbeds.

A sharp rise in taxes on trucking would tend to equalize the * cargo part of the inequality. It will take further action to put bus and private - car transportation on an economic level with passenger transportation.

Mr.' Kennedy proposed to increase the Truck Use Tax on vehicles .01 26,000 pounds ancL . *over from $1.50 to $5 per 1,000 ' pounds: to Increaae the levy on diesel fuel from 4 to 7 cents a gallon, and to Increaae laxes or

- trtiek -ttoesr tubes 4md 4%trejuJs. HIGHER RATES

- . This wmiltf compel tmckcrs to ask for higher rates, and they have the charming and persuasive voice of James Hof fa, no.w

undisputed head of the Teamsters Union, to assist them.

In some cases, shippers would ^wn'back to railrokds. But in *^081 cases, they would simply pay higher rates to cover truck use, diesel fuel levies and taxes on accessories.

The American Trucking Association eatimates these Increases will amount to about $200,000g000 a year. Assuming the shift to railroads and airlines will be negligible, this amount will be added to the bills of American consumers.

However, It may help get our hlghwayi built.

SHORT. SIGNIFICANT BITS OF BUSINESS

CoJunJbkr .wfcere M finest coffee In the world Is grown, has pnljr three brands,of-Instant coffee vilal)ler*.".''. ; Dont be alarmed if your child comes home from school greasy;

the government has Just bought 4,510,000 pounds of lard for the needy and the school lunch program. .. .Another coming boom: school equipment sales. So say B.E. Bensinger, Brunswick Corp. president. . . .a new film, with cartoons and sound-track, is designed to teach employees how to thwart bad-check passers For details, write Redbook. 230 Park Ave., New York 17. . . .Mixing sugar into the soil will kill nematodes, the Department of Agriculture says. ThU is a sensational discovery, since sugar la cheap and harmless to animals. For details, write USDA. Waeh-ingloh 25, D;C. . . .Volkswagen la bringing out a bigger car a sort of compact, but it will not ^ sold in the United States for a while. . .The Bank of America. credils employees-directly to the checking acdduhH" and is trying to persuade other businesses to do the same.