PAGE FOURFHE DAILY REFLECTOR, (REENVILL. N. C

Monday, March 6, 1961

Monday, March 6, 1961 ^ ^ .

Idea Of Area Airport Still Aliv.e

The area approach to new airport facilities is stil- cials as w^ell as the citizens of Northampton, Bertie vrv much alive in some parts of Eastern North Caro- and Hertford will recognize Jhe genuine advantages Ima* in spite of the unsuccessful efforts of Pitt and a joint air facility offers to their area, other counties a few years ago to bring about such a Eastern Carolina, with its predominant rural pop-

facility in the central part of Eastern North Carplina. ulation, obviously, cannot take the one-coinmunity ap-The approach now being made by Bertie, Hert- proach to developing adequate air facilities if it exford Northhampton Counties apparently is on a much pects to be successful. At the same time, the area more limited^ basis than was the effort in which Pitt must recognize the need for air facilities and improved was involved, but for the three counties involved it air service if it is not to be left behind transportation represents an ambitious and worthwhile undertaking, progress being made by other sections of North Caro-Groups actively working ,in each of the three Hna. The cooperative approach by several communi-counties are seeking support from each of the county ties and counties is the only logical, long-range method governments involved for funds with which to build of solving this problem fac'd by this section of the an airport to be used by private planes even if no state.

commercial air ser\ice is available to the area. Propon- Perhaps the efforts now being made in Bertie,

Soap In The Water Hole

re

officials and dignitaries visiting the area.

For the sake of the people of the three counties undertaking this new project, we trust that individual county and community jealousies do not block the proposals as was the case in the similar efforts in which Fitt was involved. We also trust that the offi-

Await Leaders . '-or Opposition

County Must Consider Future Total Voice

By LYNN NISBET LEADERSHIPA bi question lu the General Assembly o 1961 moves into its fifth full week of aCtivitiy is who will emerge as tlje recognized leaders of the contrasting or opposing groups. That is almost as big question as source of the new revenue r^uired to put into effect the 'Jiew Day program of Governor Sanford.

At the beginning of every legislative session the presiding o^icers appoint committeea and designate the chairmen. The nfuned chairman are presumably the qualified leaders. It does not always work out that way.

A few illustrations out of the many that could be cited will serve to prove the point. In 1931 Edwin B. Jeffress of Guilford had a minor position on the House roads committeebut he emerged as the strong man In that group and became first chairman of the combined State Highway and Public Works Commission, after the prison department was consolidated with

highway*. , ^ ^

Angus D. MacLean had secondary committee assignment on the finance committees in the 1931 House and the 1933 Senate, and he more than any other one person is cedited with transfer-rig the tax burden for public schols from advalorem property levies to the sales tax.

A freshman Representative fsom Forsirth county named Ralph McDonald had a low place' on the House finance cpmmittee In 1935but his ac-tUnties. aided and abetted by Willie Lee Lumpkin, put him in position to be a serious threat the entrenched conservative powers In the gubernatorial race of 1936.

INHERENTIt is axiomatic that real leaders are born, not ipade. although circumstances and conditions contribute materially to their development as recognized leaders. In that connection a wisecrack by the late Jiandn Nash, several times legislator from Richmond county and later a prominent attorney at High Point, is pertinent. Someone was complaining ^ in 1S25 and 1927 that the Leglsla-tire lacked leadership.

That just ain't so, said Mr. Nash. There are plenty of willing leaders50 in the Senate and 120 in the House. What we need Is followshipthe willingness of legislators to go along with basic ideas and program.s. Although that was a facetious quip, it has a lot of common sense.

CURRENT Analysis of the capacities and the qualifications of many of the committee chair-ipen in the current General As-aembly indicate;* that they have varying degrees of proven capacity for real leadership, the abil

ity to handle controversial bill* in committees and on the open floor of the leglslatve sessions. Opinion widely prevails among off side observers that many chairmen will need material help from committee member* to get their bills enacted into law. Some of the chairmen Just dont have the ability or the knack to pilot the legislation for which they have major responsibility. So it wiU not be at all surprising if some heretofore unknown and unrecognized persons emerge as accepted leaders of opposing factions.

One thing seems to be certain. Unlike the situation that prevailed In the 20s when Marvin Nash said there were 170 prospective and eager leaders, majority of the membership of the 1961 Legislature is wistfully looking for leadershipfor somebody with courage and capability to say come on, lets go.-.

Bearrangrenient of representation in North Carolinas General Assembly must be considered on a broad basis with a view to th> total representation of th^e various counties and areas of the state in both houses of the legislature. , /

Although the legislature in the final analysis may adopt separate measures for redistricting Senate representation and reapportioning House representation, the measures should be considered as a package rather than as individual ad unrelated pieces of legislation.

There are a number of proposals now in the making for solving the problem of representation in the states General Assembly. Some ofJhese proposals involve redistricting for the 50 Senate seats, others involve only reapportionment of the 120 House seats, and still others approach the matter from the broad- By GEORGE SOKOLSKY er viewpoint with consideration for the seats in both the House and the Senate.

In fairness to all of the counties of the state seems to us that a realistic approach to overall repre sentation in the legislature must reflect the individual countys representation in both houses. If this is to be accomplished, redistricting of Senate seats and reapportionment of House representation cannot be considered separate and apart from each other.

When it considers its total voice in legislative affairs,' a county obviously must view the relative voice it has .in each of the two houses of our General

!i^ower Yet To Be Used

bT'ROGER babson BABSON PARK, Mass. It-has long been thought hy scientists that the sun should some,-day give us free power. Unfortunately, the clouds and storms have prevented this. Furthermore, nations in different lattitudes wouia get different amounts of sun power,/and all latitudes would get varying power according to the time of year. HARNESSING POWER OF

-GRAVITY____

I again call readers attention to the work which the Gravity Research ^Foundation of New Boston, N.H., is doing in fundamental physics. By giving, grants to colleges the Foundation hopes to interest students In harnessing gravity to supply free power anywhwe in small units. But first it^ust discover a partial insulator, absorber, of gravity.

The Foundation now has the worlds best files on gravity and ^ giving $1000 annual awards for the best original essay* upon the subject. These essays average over eighty a year and come from-the-IIiiited--.Statfia.__jQEcat

oth .

;,ii Representative Republic

Copyright, 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

This is a representative republic, controlled by a written Constitution and by Acts of Congress as interpreted by the Supreme Court. By a representative republic is meant a gov-

UVUJ Wifcil II ,r| III iri t VV V./ V/1. VUA \JI V. *1V. A a -- g------ ^

As-mbly. It cannot take the poaition that iU repre-peared sgntation in the House has no relationship to its repre- office and with limited responsi-

, .L- _ _ c<___4.. billtv. Under the American Con-

LEGISLATIVEWe are talking here about recognized leadership among the rank and file of members of the General Assembly. There is almost universal recognition of Governor Terry Sanford as a forceful leader, who knows where he wants to go and how he wants to get to his goal. It is conceded that Lieutenant Governor Cloyd Philpott, as President of the Senate, and Joe Hunt as Speaker of the House are in full sympathy with the Sanford program. To date, after 60 days of the Sanford administration and more than four weeks of the legislative session, there is no indication as to who will be the recognized leaders for or against the admin Istratlon program on the floor* the House and Senate.

Main reason tor that is the Governor has not yet announced the details of his program. His second budget message, scheduled for presentation Monday night. March 6. is expected to clarify this point. Very soon after that lines will be formed and legislators will be staked out. Committee chairmen may be expected, though not necessarily required, to go along with the administration policies. It will not be at all surprising to long time observers of legislative process if the real leaders for or against the program emerge from down the list in ranks of committee members. And it will not surprise some of these old-timers if opponents of the administration program show more skill and competence than its supporters.

The important fact to be remembered is that up to now nobody has come out of the 1961 General Assembly with the qualifications and recognized capacity of real leadership.

sentation in the Senate.

Too much emphasis, wethink, has been given to the approach that so far as the state and its individ- but as the economic and polit-ual counties are concerned, redistricting of Senate icai life of the country has grown

seats and reapportionment of House seats are two wiuirfn nw

separate problems. would not have been thought

Redistricting of the Senate and reapportionment necessary and the Constitution

of the House are part of the total problem of the rep-

resentation each county of the state will have in the

legislature. In the interest of the individual counties J

as well as the .state as a whole, an appreaeh involving iQlTOrS oQyinQ .V

the seats in both houses should be taken by the legislature.

I Dangers In New interest

There Are Times

Rolicy

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Esta^ilished 1883 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD. Publtoher

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By RALPH ROBEY

One of the early pronouncements of President Kennedy was that short term interest rates should be reduced. At the time this was widely regarded as impractical, but the Federal Reserve System has now changed its policy to meet this aim of the President.

During the Second World War and for several years thereafter . the price of government bonds .was pegged by the Federal Reserve. This was done by the Reserve banks standing ready to buy any amount of such obligations offered to them. The argument used to support this policy was that it saved the government money on the carrying charges of the borrowing and debt. And there is no doubt that it did hold down the carrying charges, but what was saved in this category was offset many times by what the public lost through inflation.

Finally, in 1951 the famous Treasury accord was agreed to and under this the Federal. Reserve System was permitted to stop pegging government bondfi At the time the present chairman of the Federal Reserve board of governor's, WUllam Martin, Jr., was in the Treasury Department and he has been generally credited with working out the accord. Since then the policy has been to buy long term Treasury obligations only to prevent a dksor-deriy market. Otherwise the Reserve System has limited Itself, with only one or two exceptioius, to short term Treasury paper. This has come to be known as the bills lusually policy.

There is one more important historical fact that needs mention before explalnl'ng the change Just made by the Reserve au-.thorities.

In the spring of 1960 our commercial banking system was running with deficient reserves of about $500 million. This was ctw^ed by rediscounts at the Reserve banks. The result relatively high Interest rates both on long and short term. Without announcement or explanation the Federal Reserve gradually began to buy short term Treasury paper in the market The effect of such purchases Is to give the member commercial banks more reserves. Another effect Is to reduce the 'yield on such short term paper*

those in some of the leading foreign money centers that large sums were transferred abroad and we suffered a heavy gold loss. At that point the Reserve authorities stopped pumping additional reserves into the commercial banks, and began merely to hold the free reserves at around $4(X) million. And it is now generally recognized that short term rates can not be driven still lower without again starting a gold outflow.

Now the change of policy that has just been made is for the

.(Washington Daily News)

It is singular at the very moment jthe legislature of North Carolina is considering a bill to abolish capital punishment in this state, a crime which shocks every decent American has just been solved with the capture of Fred Thompson.

Thompson allegedly raped and brutally murdered a precious little four-year-old girl. If he is sane and rational, and if he is guilty as charged, can the death penalty even begin tq _ bring justice? We ask that question and there is no good answer. This crime is one of those for which we have no adequate justice.

As the members of the North Carolina' General assembly now debate the issue of capital punishment, is there one among them who would say that we

The principal objection to many of the recent decisions of the Court i.s that they are. in reality acts of legislation, the Court assuming a function to which it is not designated. One of my correspondents writes:

But we cannot lie down and die. as the men in Korea had to do. while we are betrayed by our owm government. If there are men in pur judiciary, government. education, etc., ad infinitum, betraying us, it is our duty to expose them and get rid of them before they succeed in destroying our., country. These all sound like platitudes thats how platitudes are born.

This is a profound emotional response to a grave sense of injustice, There is too great a tendency to call everything crackpot which is not currently fashionable. The fact is that over vthe country, groups are organizing themselves in opposition to what they regard as a negation of the American philosophy of government. There are, for Instance, about 100 conservative clubs on campuses and the num-

Americans

applies to matters of inter-state commerce, of public welfare and of the general defense.

When Theodore Roosevelt and Robert La Follette favored the Referendum and Recall, they were regarded as wild radicals. Today, both these ideas are recommended by men and women who regard themselves as conservatives. They agitate for direct action against the Congress, the Court and other government officials with whose views and actions they disagree. This would be the Referendum and Recall. It would bring us closer to a democracy than to a republic.

The dissatisfaction with the Court arises from the Communist decisions and from the Brown Decision which dealt with the question of segregation.

with it.

ilCUl JUOli k/vc;il MO V&iVAAt TVWWMN. -

Federal Reserve System to start should not have the death penal-

NATIONAL ADVEBTI8INO EB^EESENTA'nYBB 'nkmua F CUu-k CO.; toe H Tert. OWenfo, AUanU. *

Aadit Bureaa of ClreulatloiL All adrertlslnt copy must bs reedvetl at Isasi eoa df iatota pubUeatloii data.

buying government obligations with a maturity of more than five years. This was such an unusual step that a special news release was issued announcing the new program, and heretofore the Reserve System would never explain a change of poli<f. The most that it would do was to give in retrospect what it had been attempting.

The purpose of the change of policy is to reduce long term interest rates. And no one doubts that if enough long term bonds are bought it will have this result.

The dangers of the new policy are enormous. So long as the Reserve banks dealt tn short term paper there was no danger of a significant loss, because the price of such paper does not vary much. Long term obliga* tions, on the other hand, are entirely different. Their price can and does swing over a wide range, and if the Federal Reserve finds it desirable, or nec-easary, to sell any appreciable amount of such bonds it will take a loss which could be extremtly large.

The hope, of course, is that large amounts of the long term bonds will not be purchased by the Reserve System. If that proves true there will still be plenty to worry about, but no occasion for panic.

I Opinions Brief

"Most of the people in I the world fit-into one of two classes. They are either working on a solution or they arft pafLof

ty if one of their own children had suffered the abuse and death which came to little Edith Kie-coriufi? We doubt it seriously.

To say that the retention of the death penalty does not deter murder, rape, arson, and burglary Is to speak an opinion only. No one can say in North Carolina because we have not lived under a circumstance which denies death for a capital crime.

If this writer were today sitting on a Jury, and a defendant faced possible death in the gas chamber, he would go a long ways and he would deliberate a long time before he would agree to death. And juries are that way. We see no need in North Carolina today to do way with the death penalty because it seems to us that in all but the most shocking crimes. Juries have already done away

county or this town and ask a dozen people how they feel about this fellow Thompson, if he is sane and guilty. Without exception , each will probably say death is too good for him.

When an adult murders another adult, in most cases there is a good deal of sympathy for the murderer. But when in cold blood a man takes a little child into a room, rapes her, brutally assaults her. kills her, and leavs her cold body there, can there be. any spark of "decency in him. We say there cannot be. And can decent society find a measiu-e of sympathy for such a man? We say it cannot. Is it not making a farce out of justice to talk in terms of a prison sentence for any man w'ho has violated every iota of decency in him?

We dont know how much chance such a bill abolishing capital punishment has of pass-

exciting youth body, outspokenly conservative. The John Birch Society consists of adults, or

ganized all over the country, to advocate special causes such

as the impeachment of Chief Justice Earl Warren. They publish a magazine, American Opinion.

The principal conservative

publication is the National Review, the circulation of which increases although it does .not receive much advertising from business firms. This weekly

publication has gathered together a group of brilliant writers, mindful of the New RepubUc in the days of Walter Lippmann and Herbert Croly. Russell Kirk in Chicago, edits a quarterly, the University Bookman. which is xonservative and intellectual.

In addition, to these publications are numerous pamphlets.

fnrrhVreeflembly.'But . Plyion

there are times when we truly need the gas chamber. And to abolish it would in effect be saying to all like minded criminals go ahead, rape, bum, murder, and steal in North Carolina we will and can only send you to prison where youll get good treatment and maybe some day another chance to go back into decent society.

Doas a guilty Fred Thompson deserve another chance? If your little four-year-old daughter were the victim, how would you feei? Would you have any compassion in your heart for the guilty person?

Answer these questions search-ingly before you say you are against capital punishment in North Carolina.

of every type of thought, some of which need to be taken seriously by the student of politics and social conditions, and others, of course, must be pushed aside because they represent blatant opportunism. But even the latter are interesting because one wonders where the support comes from. The "hate sheets are particularly shocking and the question is who puts up the money for untruthful statements and miserable distortions. Yet. even such publications give evidence of depth of discontent and discouragement, not among the ^ economically unfortunate, but among all classes, particularly the professionals, physicians, dentists, lawyers.

(Continued on Page 5)

Britain, Prance, Germany, and other countries.

DISCOVERIES IN SPACE EXPLORATION

WhUe the Defense Departments of the United States, Russia. Great Britain, and other countries have been spending billions on missiles, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company has been making some very . important experiments. By the use of microwaves and other processes they have succeeded in .sending signals through space hundreds of miles above the earth. with power waves bounced from one orbiting object. or man-made satellite, to another.

These experiments have aroused in me a great interest in space travel. I am not interested in having men gq to the moon or having the military attack any enemy from a hundred or more Tiles, up in the air.

I. however, am greatly interested in the work of the Telephone Company. This will first be used in sending messages and television waves. I earnestly watch the newspapers each day for. such "Space News.

POWERFUL" ELECTRIC WAVES SHOWERING THE EARTH The next step will be to capture and harness the electric waves which are coming toward us every hour of every day. They cannot be shut off by clouds or storms; they fall upon all nations equally. Their power, all of which now goes to waste, is terrific. I believe that the Telephone and electric utilies will combine to concentrate these waves over all nations and give each free power. This would be far better and cheaper than the us of uranium. My use of the words free power refers only to the generation of electric power. Distribution systems will continue to be needed. Hence I am more bullish on electric power company securities because they may hay no generating costs.

I forecast that each of the fifty largest countries in the United Nations will have its own transformers in the sky securing electricity from the radiation off the thousands of galaxies in the sky. For years the astronomers have known of these galaxies and of the electrical rays they are emitting; but their intensity has been known only since the Space Age discoveries and measurements.

I understand that the future space program will now be under the personal attention of Vice President Lyndon Johnson. He says we may expect the landing of a planetary spacecraft in 1962; and in 1963 the safe landing of certain Instruments ou the moon. Our Midas, under the direction of Dr. Wernher von Braun, now of the Huntsville Center, can be depended upon, to make more new and important discoveries.

These governmental developments will primarily be to warn us of what the Russians, or other potential enemies, may be doing as weU as to give us knowledge of impending hurricanes and other destructive forces. Although paid for by us, they will be given freely to all nations. The next step will be the study of these electrical currents which will finally be harnessed to give each nation free power. This would do much to hasten world peace.

P. S. In faKess to readers I should add that the nuclear iu-(Continued on Page 5)

Tariff Exemption GuL A

This policy was continued uil- the problem. Dawson ^County

free "rserVa^

lion (reserve requirements also were changed) ^and the rate on Treasury bills Vas reduced by almost, one half. One result of. this was that this brought our short term rates so much below

j

By .ELMER ROESSNER Very little gold will be saved by President Kennedys proposal to reduce tariff exemptions from $.>00 to $100 on purchases made by Anieiican tourists.

The facts are these:

The average traveler, after paying fares and the cost of tourist living abroad, has little left for buying articles to bring home. In fact, a rising niunber of travelers havent got the ready cash for the trip In the first place and resort to "pay later plans to get to European resorts.

Of todays tourists, only 15 per cent use the full exemption; 82 per cent dont spend even $200 on purchases abroad.

are taxed only 10 per cent. Foreign cai's are taxed only 8.5 jper cent, and a car bought new In Europe is a used car by the time it is offloaded at an American port.

Furthermore, while Customs men may be ogres to cheats and smugglers, they are charmingly helpful to the average tourist. They will usually suggest the lowest classification in, which goods b(Hight abroad may be declared; they frequently accept a value figure lower than the price paid on the theory that the tourist paid more than the item was worth.

If the Umlt is lowered, wealthy travelersthose who bring back the limit or more wiU pay more duty. But there Is no assurance that they wUl spend

maNy free anyway;

The human mind* a wondS'*^no^^&t^SriSySay.^^^^ ful device which starts working original works of recognized ar- tariff, but will dam the gold

the minute you are born -an-d tiats and books more than 20 drain very litUe. _____

never stops until you stand up years old are exempt. SEARCH FOR TARIFF v-

to speak. Carlsbad Current- Many others are taxed lightly. BARGAINS

Argus. Art reproductions of all kinds Wealthy travelers, and even

some of the poorer venturers, will tend to buy tax-exempt and lightly taxed souvenirs, gifts and investments. But they would still be spending as much money as they do now, and it still will be convertible Into gold.

It has been my experience that foreign businessmen, even those operating under viaducts in Rome and in the Flea Market in Paris, keep posted on American cust(uns regulations better than the average American travel agency. They are usually able to tell exactly which classification an Item should be declared under, and what the duty will be. And many, in wrlt-Ing a bill of sale, paue to ask the American buyer wha;t price he would like to have wrlttoik (lawn for his customs reoords.

. Many ig the travel Industry

to lower exemptions, skying' it will cut foreign travel. It probably srili., net cni.lpri!ign ..trgyel a bit. and will probably not save much gold, either.

- However, there is another plan the Kennedy Administration is reported to be working on that will cut spending abroad. It is a crackdown on executives who take trips abroad and charge off costs as tax-deductible business trips. U that plan wont slow the outflow of gold. It will speed the inflow of Incom taxes Into the Treasury.

__m

HIGHLIGHTS AND TEXTURES Of THE BUSINESS PICTURES Thailanders smoked more cigarettes than ever before last year. The Favorite is Samit, whose sales Increased 700 per cent In the year, followed by Gold City and Gold aty 85. . . . 'Trade-ins are being taken in for a ditterent product now: watches. -GL283 industrial^ companies. 43 jr cent, have a yteion

Consumer magazines are mud-(fling throijgh their worst first quarter in 10'years, says the Gallagher Report Newsletter.