PAGE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Friday, February 24, IdSl

' IfWday, February 24, 961

N.C. Should Tlevise jOwn Program

Law Of The New Frontier

(buTlC^.PRE^URB fHOPATRONASE. '*P* SHOOTERS

Go%\ Terry Saivford offered sound advice to North Carolina with his assertion that the state should not tie its ^ effort for public school improvement to what the federal government might do for the state's school in the way of federal aid to education.

As Gov. Sanford so concisely pointed out, North Carolina should not use the possibility of federaV aid to our schools as a crutch to do less than we should at the state level for public education. He also declared that the state should pot put itself in the position of depending on federal aid as the only means of bringing public education of North Carolina to the level the people of the state desir.

' . The legislature, it seems to us, should face squarely the needs of the states schools and the recomraen-, dations of the stat^ administration for improving the schools in the coming biennium. It should consider these needs and recommendations in the light of the states ability to provide them, and' exert every

nusual Letters

Being

By L'i'NN NISBET

MAELiThe postman is delivering some unusual and "funny mail to the capitol thejse days. Legislators are getting lots ' of letters urging them to support Governor Sanfords program for education. That despite the fact the Governor has "not yet outlined his programexcept in very broad general terms. He is scheduled to present it before a joint session of the Genera] Assembly on March 6.

Oldtimers have never had this type of mail before, especially aince a lot of it is signed by school teachers. Heretofore the school teachers and others of the United Forces for Educa-ttei have asked legislators to Ignore the budget commission and the Goveroor, and to support hightf appropriations. This time it appears that the Governor win go further than the other agencies, and the schod folks are getting on the band wagon early. Some of the smart ones among them hope the blanket commitment of support will not get them in trouble when details of the Sanford program are presentedIncluding the extent of local participation. ~ ' QUESTIONED While many cl the schools are blindly en-dc^rsing the Governors position, many legislators are hesitant about committing themelvea until they know what the program is to beand where the money to finance It will come from.

One of the principal past times around legislative circles is speculating on where the Governor will recommend digging tor the $70-odd million new source money thought to be required for his plan. Little groups of legislators and lobbyists and news reporters ar seen huddling several times a day. swapping Information and gossip and seeking some basis for intelligent guessing at the Governors idea.

DIVISIONS The legislators can be roughly " classified In three major divisions, which seem to coincide pretty well with divisions among the people back hmne.

First, and believed to be the largest group, are those who reeognlze the need for better dUhaonal facilities and opportunities. and who believe the people are willing to pay'a reasonable bill lor these basic services. even if additional tax sources must be used.

The second group is made up of those who recognize the importance of education and the public school system, but who refuse to accept It as havmg iwdority over everything else, but want to maintain a fair balance in meeting requirements of all phases of government.

The third and much smaller group consists of those who are oppo^ to any additional taxes for any purpose whatever, insisting that the main obligation of the current General Assembly Is to hold the line at current levels, until the overall econ-

..ivered

omy becomes more stable.

There are subdivisions in each of these groups, more perhaps in the first, where differences arise over what consitutes "basic needs in public school operation. As of now it appears likely that the general ideas of this first group will prevail, that there will be suhsUntially more money for public schools, but not as much as the Governor and the hiore liberal educators would like.

SOURCES There is much speculation about where the new money will come from, in whatever amount is decided upon. One thing seems almost certain. The new money will come from some type of consumer tax, rather thjsin a levy on income or property. In other words, the tax will be levied upon people rather than upon dollars.

The 4hre specifin__CQurse most frequently mentioned are expanding coverage of the general sales tax by eliminating many of the present exemptions; a special tobacco products yUx. based on package rather Wn percentage of retail -price; and a "crown tax on soft drinks, particularly the bottled variety, which again would be on volume rather than price.

Governor SanftH'd has said he thinks the preseht income tax rate In North Carolina is high enough. He has many times indicated support of the traditional policy of no State tax on property. 'There are numerous places o^er than the consumers coDsiimption brackets of general sales, soft drinks and tobacco. Alcoholic beverages is one, although the taxes levied in that field are fast approaching the point of diminishing return. Federal, State and local government taxes on beer, wine and hard liquOT presently account for more than half the retail price of these goods. Same thing is true of the tax on cigarettes. except that the danger point of diminishing return seems farther away.

It is known that some legislators are exploring the possibility of getting additional revenue from Increasing profe^onal licensing fees and utilities franchise rates, rather than increasing income tax rates. If that Is done the professional practitioner and the utilities will add the extra cost to their service bills. The net effect would be a "consumer tax, collected at the business counter rather than by the State tax collector.

When all the pieces are put together the picture that emerges is that the General Assembly will sort of mark time for another week, waiting for Governor Sanfords speech on March 6. Immediately after that the lines will be drawn* sides chosen up, and the real scrap will be underway to see how the tax bill will be collected. There is not now. and will not be then, any doubt about who will pay the bill.

reasonabireffort ter sec that Ibey are provided for. It would be a mistake indeed for ^TTe^stattrre ta take-the attitude that the^state wiH assnme-only^ portion the responsibility for improvement from its own resources, and rely on'federal aid to fill the rest of the needs.

Such an attitude would make the states schools ^dependent upon federal aid to education even before such actually becomes a reality, and further it jWo'uld place the state in a position of having to accept federal aid for its schools regardless of what stipulations might be attached to any such aid which becomes available. ^ .

If sweeping federal aid to education proposals are adopted by Congress, it Avill be up to the states officials to determine whether North Carolina wants to participate in the program. In the meantime, however, the legislature should-not put the state in a position where it cannot successfully operate its schools at the desired level without federal-funds being poured into our educational operations.

North Carolinas public school system today is not as good as many people of the state would like for it to be. In spite of the mny shortcoming of our public school system, however, it has steadily improved over'the years by the wHse use of the states owm rcy sources. With the people of the state apparently willing to pour more of their ovvn resources into further improving our schools, it is no time for the legislature to use the prospect of federal aid as a stall to back away from the challenge.

If the time comes when far reaching federal aid is available to state public school systems, we believe North Carolina will want to be in a position to consider as objectively as possible the advantages^ and disadvantages of accepting such aid, along with whatever federal stipulations go along with that aid. Unless the state forges ahead to provide with its own resources the best possible public schools for its young people, it will not be in a position to consider the proposition of federal aid .objectively in the future.

Possibilities of future aid North Carolinas schools might be able to get from the federal government have no place in current considerations by the legislature of what will be done to improve the schools of the state. It is up to the legislature to determine what North Carolina needs in education and what it can do itself to fill those needs.

House Committe To Get issue Clarified

If, as an average American citizen, you are con-. fused over the question of whether there is a missile gap between the United States and the Soviet Union, you should find either (Consolation or further consternation in the fact that the House Armed Services Committee has called on top Pentagon officials to answer the question in closed hearings.

Apparently this House Committee is likewise confused by the seemingly conflicting statements on this important subject that have come from top administration officials' in recent weeks.

Defense Secretary Robert McNamara recently was quoted as saying there w^as no missile gap between this nation and the Soviet Union. Subsequently President Kennedywho made the missile gap a point in his campaignsaid that no studies had been completed on the question since his administration took office. Still later, McNamara said the studies were still underway.

Naturally these seemingly conflicting statements confused the American people. It appears they confused members of the House Armed Services Committee whose responsibility to recommend proposed military expenditures to the House of Representatives.

We trust the committee will get some answers

to the question in its, closed meeting with top Pentagon

officials and while vve dont expect the committee

would see fit to tell the American people whether it

thinks a missile gap does or does not exist.

%

Kennedy Applies Mild ADDioach

Aware

Now Of

HHauglR S^ndiealiL tna

By HENRY HOWARD

Precise Word Meaninas

Its quite understandable that young children, especially the ones in their first two or three years, often are not scholarly precise In immediately identifying precise meanings with the words they hear.

Still, it seems at times some adults have a tendency to speak to the younger little people in words an(J syllables that would more readily apply to the high school or college level.

This was called to mind by one of the kiddie television shows yesterday afternoon. (We often find ourselves pausing to

watch the cartoon show for at least a short while.)

The programs host was interviewing each of the children in ..the sTudio audience. He would I ask ^ch:

"Whats your name? Where are you from? Then hed ask two or three more short questions before moving to the next chd.

Yesterday the host questioned a three-year-old girl and found she was a resident of a relatively distant town.

Withoirt even considering the strong likelihood the little girl

would identify a question built around the word what, the emcee plunged ahead. How was he to know the three-year-old mind would identify what with something she could readily see. touch or describe.

So he asked: "What brings you all the way down to this part of the country?"

In 'all sincerity, the youngster replied: "My mommy and mommys blue car.-

Other Editors Saying ... Cold War Judo

The Daily- Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Estiiblished 1882 '

DAVID JULIAN WHTCHARD, Publfihar

Entered at Post Office, Oreenrllie. N 0^ as seooM) elM mall matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES *

By Carrier (In Towns) * Week SOc

By Carrier (Motor Routee>-_ Week 29a

BY MAIL, Payable In Adeane<>

Oreeirvnie Post Office Pitt County. Robersocrine. Vanoetooie, Washington and Chocowlnlty

Three Months .................. I l.fl

Six Months .............................. TJt

One Year ............ 1MI

Nwlh Carolina (other than listed abort)

Three Months ...... I 4.W

Six Months .............................. VJt

One Yec- ..... ......................

All Other Outside North Carolina

Three Months............................ I

fcdx Months

one Year ................................

MEMBER ASSOTIATEI) PRESS rht Associated Press is exOttalvely entitled lo um for pablleatiaB, alJ news dlsatches credited to it or not otherwise credited to tlili paper and also the local ^news published herein All rlfhts ol

-eaatiiA

* ' NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENT ATI VIS Tbomas-F Clark CoJ*lnc New York. Chicago. Atlanta lieabm

Xidiirmfreit of Cfrcuiatictx: ---------- - w.

Ah advertising copy must be received at isast one day Mtoaa publicaUon date.

Bv JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - President Kennedy is following the Lyndon Johnson plan for getting things done.

Its simple: Use the modest approach which asks for less than everything.

Vice President Johnson used it repeatedly when he was the Senates Democratic majority leader from .1954 through 1960.

He avoided a.sking action on all he might have requested in order to avoid arousing extreme oppasltion which might have resulted in no action at all-

While this may have created an Image of Johnson as a reasonable mlddle-roader, his criticas complained he settled for too little.

But he did get action which otherwise might have been impassible.

One good example: He got through Congress this centmys first civil rights bills over Southern Democratic oppasition whioh. bijweyer^, was so were the biUs.

Kennedy, whether or not Johnson persuaded him to the same kind of course, has stopped short of going all-out In the programs he has asked Congress to ap-' prove.

For example: On his requests for a boost in the minimum wage and. federal aid to education.

Already he is being criticb.ed for not asking more. The AFL-CIO has complained his economic recovery plans are fine so far as they go but dont go far enough.

This ' is ,a sample of where Kennedy ^topped short of aU-

'-'-^'sked- 4ha4--^#**iiiiimum wage be raised from its present $1 an hour to $1.15 this year and to $1.25 In a couple of more years.

- oou|4

an hour this lyear. And that raises - a nice point about Kennedys dealings with Congress.

Almast anything he asks is going to be compromised and watered down to some extent-So the question has been asked: V/hy didnt he ask for $1.25 an hour now?

If there was a compromise then, by asking $1.25, hed stand a better chance of winding up with $1.15 than if he asked, as he did. for $1.15 In the beginning.

Kennedys modest approach might be explained this way although he mlgh have a different explanation:

Since hes dealing with a Coii-gro.sis where the conservatives dominate, he thinks his chances for any action at all are better if hes rather conservative, too.

No matter how he looks at it he is a man running an obstacle race on ptactlcally every major item he has in mind.

Take hLs program for federal aid to education:

Catholic spokesmen are unhap-^ py that he hasnt requested some of the aid for parochial as well as public schools. But conserva-tives of bbth parties 'dbht like" the idea of federal aid to any kind of schools.

And hes up against the racial question on thi-s one. too.

If he and his administration insisted that federal aid be withheld from schools whlCh havent desegregated, hed encounter solid Southern opposition; enough perhaps, when added to all the other opposition, to kill the bill altogether. ,

, Apparently his administration wont insist on withholding federal aid for racial reasons. But failure to take this stand will bring him criticism from Negro leaders.

By ^ next summer, when Con- ,reiw'finishes up, Kennedjt will know whether hw mild approach can get the kind ol action he wants.

If not. then his second year in

emanding In his relations with ' Congress than he Shows signs of being in 1961.

rRichmond Times-Dispatch)

Judo comes from the Japanese word for pliant. Its art is to win by losing. The strength of ones opponent Is used against him. Undoubtedly there is a moment of exultation when the unsuspecting vlctum of a judo expert feels his o'nrush go unche^d. But after the moment ofTeu-phoria comes the crash to the floor, as all ones own strength is multiplied by the deft twist, the expert yielding, of the judo expert.

That moment of exultation was experienced Monday night in the United Nations Security Council room. All night the chamber had been the scene of heated debate. The Secretary General has ear-lier announced as confirmed that six more Lumumblsts had been killed in Kasai province. Jt'Was feared that this would jeopardize the plan for UN supervision of a coalition government. Would Ru^ia veto the plan, in line with Its' protest againM the UNs interference in the Congo?

The popular game now being played by commentators, the game of Whos-Putting-Pressure-on-the Kremlin? (normal answer: China), was varied

through the night. Stanleyville was now pressuring those poor Russians into a grudging ac-. ceptance of the UNs continued presence in the Congo. Antoine Glzenga, not a native of the tribal - conscious Stanleyville, longs to return to Leopoldville, if only as a member of the coalition. And so Russia did not veto the plan; with France, it huffily abstained.

That is, the Kremlin won by yielding. After a great show of horror that the UN continues to exist in the Congo, it sat back and watched the UN do its work. And with the dreadful crash of a victorious 9-0 vote. Western powers fell to the mat.

Most of the proposals of the

new UN decision are concerned with expulsion of the Belgians. (Whenever Mr. Hammarskjold cannot decide what to do next about the Congo, he attacks the Belgians). The Belgian technicians and advisers to Moise' Tshombe, men invited by the only government worth calling a government in the Congo, have preserved what remnants of order there are in this republic. The stringent UN order that all UN nations refuse to give Belgians safe conduct on any trip which would take them into the country', is a summons to chaos.

Next proposal? Why, investigate the death of Lumumba, of course. That is, continue the manufacture of a Communist myth of martyrdom. Turn this dope - crazed demagog into legend while Ignoring the mass murders of the Stanleyville regime, the racist vendetta against whites, the rapes and tortures committed daily by Lumpmbas forces.

Then, having undermined the only stable leader in the Congo. Mr. Tshombe, the obvious next step is to topple Colonel Mobutu. the army chief who expelled the Russians, imprisoned Lumumba, and opened the way for peaceful unldh of Leopoldville to Katanga. The Congo army is to be "neutralized. i that is, put under the political control of the UN forces.

Finally, tq cap it all, the secretary general is to summon all the elements of disorder to a new "Parliament and start over, from the beginnln:, the whole farce of national democracy for the Congo. Cnly this time the UN, while playing the same game, will take all the blame itself. Intervention will be open, not covert.

And Khrushchev walks away dusting his hands, not a hair ruffled. Wfe did it all ourselves.

Speaking of television, a program last night mentioned a list of four real table delicacies.

Some man was supposed to be overjoyed when he was told over the phone he would be sent pickled octopus, boiled snails, some kind of grasshoppers anl pickled ants.

The viewing audience was allowed to listen in on the phone conversation. Quite frankly, the man seemed politely grateful but not particularly Impressed with the fine dinner trilpmings he had won.

That, in itself, amusing but far tickled us most.

A friend of ours Ji to be in the next rodtr-J^ the gift of delicacies was aff> nounced.

What he heard was fragmentary. But he heard enough to exclaim:

"Pickled ants? A delicacy? Aunt Lucy was always pickled and she was sure a long ways from being delicate.

You see? Kids are not the only group of youngsters when it comes to concise meanings of words.

Opinions In Brief

Tn seasons of tumult and dl.s-cord bad men have most power; mental and moral excellence require peace and quitness.-r-Tacitus.

"External conditions are the accidents of-life. Its outer trappings. The great enduring realities are love and service. Helen Keller.

"A man pays a luxury tax on his billfold, and an income tax on the stuff he puts in it, and r; sales tax when he takes the stuffing out of it.Information Magazine.

"Disc jockeys pledge to Judge songs fairly. If they go through with it, sidewalks under their office windows will be knee-deep in broken records.Bremerton (Wash.) Sun,

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT

Copyright. 1961, King Feature* Syndicate. Inc.

The American people. lndu(~ ing the Congreu. la becoming Increaaingly conscious of trouble about money. There have been other periods In American history when the currency was not "worth a continental." That phrase la not used much these days but U was for a very long time a reminder of the Issuance of currency by the Continental Congress. This money soon enough lost value. Similarly the notes issued by the Confederacy during the War Between the States lost value.

1116 greenback was a legal tender, non Interest - bear^ note first Issued by the Federal Government during the War Between the Statee and originally not redeemable In either goW or silver. Then the tm, greenback, came to be used for any kind of paper.money. Secretary of the Treasury Chase used a patented green Ink for this paper money, ' which was popular because It was accepted throughoirt the United States. Like all currency not supported by gold or silver or both, the "greenback In due course lost In value. A division developed between Eaat and West, that is, between Wall Street and the farmers. The latter preferred cheap money, plentifully" provided, producing inflation: the New Y<H*k banks insisted upon a stable, hard currency supported by gold.

The Greenback - Labor Party went before the people and In the election of 1878, they showed remarkable returns. The major strength of this party was centered on bankrupt farmers who wanted easy money. One of the principal items of farmer' distress was to find money to move his crops. Th* tiny banka of the farm country.-wese dependent on the large r^ervolrs of capital in 'XSe big cities, principally New York, Boston and Philadelphia. From their exactions, the farmers sought relief. In 1884, the greenback issue prevented James G. Blaine from being elected to the Presidency.

However, the Populist Party often called the Peoples Party supported cheap money. The Populists regarded the Gold Standard as a conspiracy against mankind. Organized In 1891, It was a Socialist party, aoceptlng the doctrine of the class struggle and seeking to protect the worker and farmer against the bankers and the moneyed classes. It was an outgrowth of the Farmers Alliance which was very popular in agricultural states, particularly Nebraska, William Jennings Bryan, who three times was nominated to the Presidencybrought Populism into the then moribund Democratic Party and gave It new life,

William Jenpings Bryan is one of the mosTastonishing charac-Jera^n American history. He represented the "Common Man who regarded himself as oppressed and who sought relief from the bankers and from the new-by developed trusts. Bryans skill was oratoryan art now destroyed by radio and television. Men and women came to listen to Bryan because hit voice, his gestures, his organization of words were things of beauty

The 1896 Democratic Convention had to deal with the question of sound money,-that is, currency iMbsed on gold,* or currency based on the free. coinage of silver. The convention was splitBryan had practically no position In the convention and no following. However, Bryan wangled the opportunity to deliver a speech to close the argl^ ment against gold. The "Cross of Gold speech was oratory. It received the response of great oratory. At that convention. Williams Jennings Bryan was nominated for President. His peroration was repeated by orator throughout the country:

"Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the <5om-mercial interests, the laboring interests, standard by aaylng to them: You shall not pass down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cros of gold.

The words. In terms of economic thought, meant nothing, but it stirred the belief that here was a man who could eave the (Continued on Page ft)

Need A Tighter Curb On Credit

By ELMER ROESvSNER

The rise in personal bankrupt-_ clearly indicates two

actions by Ide'pendent b'usiriess-men;

1. More critlcial examination of new credit applications.

2. Tighter collection procedures on current credit.

On the first point, questioning of applicants for credit, or for extension of present credit, can no longer stop at the query: "Are you or your husband employed? The gentle questions about "How long? and At what salaries?" must be hardened to specific detail. And. asking the direct question or not. the credit interviewer must determine Whether the wage earner in the fa milt will continue to be employed. If the applicants

credit iDterviewer may be Justified in asking questions to determine whether the wage earner will be emplojwd for long. ^BROADER interviews hdefpreiTenl"^,rcOms1tncejC credit interviewers might also ask how '^mucb unemployment

insurance or how much in guaranteed annual wages ^an employee can expect to collect in evehf he is lI<T off

Old criteria no longer apply Once a husband or wife of a wage earner with good skills and reasonable health could have anything from a footstool to a new car on Instalment credit. But those days are galloping fast. Credit selectivity is becoming greater than ever.

The corollary of more cautious credit granting is more aggressive tactics in collecting bills.

Credit men say that their difficulties increase with the square of the delinquency time. They say that it Is four times as hard to collect an account 60 days overdue than It is to col-

Pew debtors have no money

to get the debtor to pay him first.

^Thes^lre 'rnkfty btks on the matter, but the newest one, "Credit and Collection Cettera.

\ .

gets down to cases. Its by Rlch-LTd H. Morris, an authority on business letters, and published by Channel Prosa, Great Neck. N. Y. (295 pages, $5.95).

Recommended techniques are too detailed to describie here; one chapter alone suggests 25 steps to take to get a slow-payer to come through. Rowever, m(Jst suggestions fall into this pattern: scare the debtor, then assure him you are his friend and sorry you alarmed him and make him feel that the way to salvation is by paying you.

If the current unemployment is hot cured quickly, many collection agencies will be hiring ' more collection men. There is a fabled town where the citizens % make a living taking in, each -others washing. If we believe * some of the prophets of economic 'tfAffet; 'Ri umted state -mar ' become a nation in which we all make s living -collecting ji&st-due bills.

nomic situation Is contained In another new book, "Tha Traas-ury of Sure-Fire Selling Tlpe,* by Charles Both, manag^^ ment psychologist and sales consultant, published by Pri-tice-Hall, New York (253 page*, $495.)

This Is a collection ot about a thousand ways to maka aalaa. told in a relaxed, anecdotal manner. Its a welcoma relief from the inspiration and hypnotic books that keep saying, "You can do it, kid I Gat hi there and sell. sail. adlT*

BOOK EMVHASMF.^ - --------

imporTonce of selling Another ifpproach to the eco-

JURY FINDS GUM CAN REDUCE WEIGHT Chewing a medicated gum an reduce your weight, a Chicago jury believes. It returned a not-guUty verdict against manufae-tarcf" - -

down by the government, for ad-, vertifilng that (^hewing the guji

helped weight T^ucRbn. Four ......

doctors testified that t^t^show- , ed tbat 12? gum-chewing pgtients last up to more than a pound a week beating thalr fua.