PACE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR. GREENVILLE, fi, C

Monday, January 30, 19^

Monday, January 30, 1961

Another *Red Summit?

Made Good On A Campaign Claim

1.

President Kennedy has made good one of his campaign claimsthat the U.S. had lost prestige in some parts of the world last yearby authorizing release of two foreign opinion samplings taken by the U.S. Information Agency. ' ^

As President Kennedy had asserted during the national campaign, the polls showed that people in Ib^^rts of the free world felt that the Soviet Union was ahead of the U.S. in space achievements. The opinion studies further indicated that people in other free world nations feel that the Soviets will hold their lead

Women Find A Place In Govm't

By Al'ROR.% Dollfy

Women Legislatrs .

- ^Woman'i place is in the

home", according'tc established thcoo and practice of the early days of Rome and the eirly days of government in North Carolina. too.

Old adage* sometimes cry out for revision, but ofttimes their truths speak today with an even more firm, convincing tone. **Woman's place still is In a home, but "home" no longer consists of a dwelling complete with stove and dishpan The *tove and dishpan still exist, but not all of the 87.858.000 women In the United States are needed to man kitchen equipment State and federal legislatures ^1. are "ho.mes" of government, and the beat talents of both men and women are needed for legislative housekeeping.

In state legislatures across the country this year there are 318 women serving: a total of 30,000 women today hold elective offices in federal, state, and local government. Last year 1.500 women were top government appointees.

Februarys convening of the North CaroUna State Legislature will bring a record number of women to the House. Four women will represent Alexander. Lenoir. Macon, and Stokes counties. Two of these are returning from the 1959 session.

la the history of the Old North State, however, there have been a total of only twelve member* of the gentler acx to be seated among their distinguished colleagues In the otherwise-masculine domain of the North Carolina legislature. Only two of this small number have served in * the State Senate.

In 1921. Buncombe county sent Miss Lillian Exum Clement to the Slate House of Representatives. where she became not only the first woman to serve In the N. C. Legislature, but .also the first woman In the South elected to a House of Representatives. Twenty-seven years old. Mfis Clement had studied law under a private tutor, and although woman suffrage was not in effect in 1920 at the time of the primary, she had been nominated by a county committee to replace a primary nominee. History records that Miss Clement of Black Mountain is particularly noteworthy since she secured her nomination over two men before the ratification of the nineteenth admendment A tali, angular woman whose reddish hair was always covered with a bat during sessions of the 1921 House, Miss Clement was placed on several committees by House Speaker H. P. Grier. Committees wre not then formed in entirety as at present: additions were made from day to day and occasionally new committees were formed During the third week of the session she was named chairman of the Committee on Institutions for Deaf and Dumb.

One session of the legislature seemed enough to satisfy her political ambitions: after her

subsequent marriage dome.stici-ty replaced leanings toward the limelight.

Though it was still an "unheard of thing for a lady to hold a public office, in 192.i Mecklenburg .sent Miss Julia

Alexander to be seated In the w4a|s-

father. Capt- Sydenham Alexander, who later himself went to Congress. Miss Julia had studied law. Being steeped' in the traditions of a prominent Charlotte family descended from Mecklenburg Declaration of Iiidepen-, dence signer John McKnitt Alexander and W.A. Graham, farmer ^Tar Heel governor) made her aitry into politics natural. *if one does not consider that there had been only one feminine precedent previously set.

Miss Alexander, who died three-years ago. is described by ' those who remember her presence in the 1925 session as being reserved, but very capable. It is said that the whole body of men with whom she served had deep respect for her. She. too. was seen during each sesaion dressed in a large hat, compulsory attire for even the most daring of women who entered the business or professional world.

Her range of legislative interests, committee-wise, vanes from agricultural to monetary appropriations.

Like Miss Clement, she did

not seek a second term, but un-lik Miss Clement. Miss Alexander returned to her home to continue her public life. She remained active in legal, church, and civic circles, never marrying.

Mecklenburgers revoted their confidence in womens political ability the following year, electing Miss Carrie McLean to the 1927 House session. Speaker R-. T, Fountain also voiced his con-ndence in Miss McLean by placing her at the head of the Committee on Privileges and Elections. as well as assigning her duty with the Committees on Public and Private Laws. Constitutional Amendmoota. Congressional Districts, and election Laws

Having studied law privately, she was In her mld:fortles when licensed to practice law. but a few years later she was elected by fellow-lawyers in Charlotte to the office of President of the Mecklenburg Bar Association. With more than fifty years behind her and more than a few gray hairs arranged In the bouffant atyle of the twenties (and the sixties). Miss Carrie is staunchly described by those who knew her as being above reproach. An unsuccessful bid for the Senate seat in the following election ended her politi-*^cal goals, but her legal interests continued the remainder of her life.

These three women paved the way. with their legislative ventures, for more women to enter politics. They had successfully Invaded the North Cirollna House, demanding recognition as lawmaker*, not as women. Feminine frills they had left behind, and the majority of their colleagues traded them respect and admiration, however doubtful at times It seemed In the thirties the Senate, too. was to open Its doors to women The next two decades were still far from seeing a rush of women Into the Capital building, but perhaps this decade will welcome even more talent, enthusiasm, and ability, regardless of gender. Into the "home of its government.

(To be continued)

**-1

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Results of another poll made public showed that in England and France the, prestige of .the United States suffered folidVving collapse of the Paris summit conference, although U.S. prestige gontinued to be far 'abov that heid in those two countries by the Soviet Union. '

W hile these two studies indicate a sagging of American'prestige abroad, it is also important to note that both the United States and President Eisenhower enjoyed greater#prestige. than the Soviets and their premier Khrushchev also lost prestige, the studies said, following collapse of the Paris conference.

Although the results of these polls shocked many Americans both during the election campaign ^and - upon their release last week, it is much better that they have been brought into the open. They dispell any illusions . A m e r i c a n s may have had that their government can do no wrong in the opinion of its allies in the free world. It empha.^izes the need for closer coordination of major policy decisions among

communism. ,

As for the opinion regarding space supremacy, this naturally is closely tied with the ability of the Tree world to protect itself from possible communist aggression in the years ahead.. If our alfies feel the position of the United States is inferior to that of the Soviets. They must also feel that in the future they and -we will have to negotiate with the communist from a position of weakness rather than from a position of strength. This in itself could have an adverse effect 'upon the mutual confidence of the nations of the free world and the unified front they present against unreasonable Soviet demands.

Even though these possibilities do not present a pleasant picture, it is much better that we make ourselves aware of them than it would be for us to ignore them. They afford a position from which we can more carefully and accuratelv plan for the future to strengthen our weaknesses and thus place ourselves and the entire free world in a better position to protect itself and other parts of the world from further inroads by communism.

Best To Put Proposal Directly before Voters

The decision to take to the people of North Carolina the proposition of another bond issue to finance expansion ot its state-owned port facilities has greater merit than the initial proposal of issuing revenue bonds to be retired through earnings of the ports.

According to Gov. Sanford, the revenue bond financing of new facilities would have cost the state considerably more in interest rates, and in addition to that a number of legal hurdles have loomed up since the initial proposal was made.

By taking the issue directly to the people of the state, officials will receive the reaction from the voters of the state as a whole. If the issue is approved, the financing of the proposed improvements will be considerably easier, and the state will in all probability have to pay much less interest on the money it has to borrow.

Another factor is that North Carolinians, in all probability, will have other capital improvement bond issues upon which to make a decision by the time the 1961 legislative session ends. The people will have a better knowledge of what is needed in terms of capital improvements' for all the phases of state operations. They will have an opportunity to determine whether the state can afford all the capital outlay programs which are proposed for bond financing, and if not, which of those programs are most essential to the state at the moment.

While port development appears to be one of the needs of the state it is important.that the citizens view the needs of the state as a whole before determining which of these needs to finance through bond issues. The matter ot ports improvements can best be considered along with the other needs, and presented to the voters of the state with other bond proposals.

'leprt Is Keyec. To Earlier One

Tlace ' Of Cuba

T r

in i raae

By ROGER BABSON

KEY WEST, Florida, - I am

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

Conflict Of Generations

Copyright. 1961. King Features Syndicate, Inc.

A troubled mother writes to

me:

"Onr children werp really lov-

ed. We earned and saved and spent money together. We went on trips together: read together. played together, prayed to-'gcther.

"Then our children became teen-agers and they 'discovered' that we had been doing everything wrong. Our gal* had only three or four sweaters, others

had fifteen. We waited til we could pay. others simply bought. Our children walked, others rode. Ours drank milk, others had pop!

"Then came the shock Our eldest son threatened to leave home unless he could have a car. The eldest girl threatened to leave unless she could be married before graduation Our close, well-loved children had become monsters. Not because of us believe me, but because of the 'others!

Other Editors Saying To Check The Court

By RALPH ROBEY

President Eisenhowers final Economic Report is. as would be expected, in harmony with his earlier State of the Union and Budget mcMages. The Economic Report is prepared with the aid of the Council of Economic Advisers and with the a.ssustance of the heads of the varioas executive departments and independent agencies whose fields are covered-

Mo*t of the work, however ' falls ;o the Council and it primarily deserves whatever credit or criticism arises from the Report. This year it is credit, although there doubtless will be. plenty of criticnsm because tire Report take.s a fundamentally optimistic point of view.

The first chapibr discusses economic developments and policies of 1960. Chapter two is a resume of experience under the Employment Act of 1946, which created the Council of Economic Advisers. The third chapter is devoted to "Policies for the Fu-tune. cQuUms*, the, Jegja-

latlve recommendations. Then comes the customary report on the activltie.s of the Council of Economic Advisers during 1960. Next is an analysis of three outstanding problems empoy* ment and earnings, agriculture, and United States foreign trade and payments. Finally there is the usual series .of statistical tables.

The tatistlcal tables are a most valuable source of factual data The discussion of the three' problems is' excellent. The recommendations for legislative action are repetition and will carry no particular weight. in the present Congress The history of experience under the Employment Act Is interesting and gives a good perspective on this "Wtev -ttt-shcpf

happened in 1960 and the fousl- nesa outlook I by far the mo*t important and significant.

In this analysis by the President there is a clear recognition that, while 1960 was the best year in the nations history, a mild downturn started in -the second half and gradually spread over a wider and wider proportion of the economic system. At no point, however, is the term "recession applied to ihLs slackening of business activity. and it is emphasized that the decline is so small that no special government action is needed to get us on the upgrade again. Further, it is anticipated that an upturn will start in a short time.

The budget message makes . thuK same assumption, and that, plus the recommended legislation. such as Increasing pastal rates, is what provides the projected budget surplus for the fiscal year starling next July l It goe.s without saying tht this is contrary to the task force recommendations that have boon made to Presidjpnt Kennedy these have been to the effect ^that it will get much wor^e be-for It get's better, therefdY* poyi6 itive government action is necessary. and all such action mast increase expenditures.

Which one of these two points of view will win out in the Congress is not much of a que.* tion. Government spending wlU Increase beyond any doubt, and was so recommended by the outgoing Administration. The amount ot the increase is not yet determined, and neither is the place nor means for bringing about the rLxc But the rise will be an appreciable amount and since states and municipalities also are increasing their uutlay.H. the total will be sufficient to have an effect upon the business trend.

This-1s one of the so-called

President in his Economic Report. Of more importance, how-(Continued on Page 6>

(Richmond News-Leader)

Last May the Legislature of Louisiana recommended an amendment to the United States Constitution, Intending to create some machinery by which the States themselves could have a final say-so on decisions of the United States Supreme Court in areas of constitutional interpretation,

A copy of this resolution reached us just the other day The proposal is poorly drawn and reflects insufficient thought given to the mechanics of the plan, but the idea la basically so sound that the Virginia General Assembly might wish to join Louisiana in this approach.

The Louisiana plan rests in the clear intention of the United States Constitution that no change should be made In our fundartiental charter unless that change is acceptable to at least three-fourths of the States. This la the margin required in Article V for ratification of a proposed amendment. Thus at least 38 States must ratify the proposed 23rd Amendment, now being circulated, by which residents of the District of Columbia would be permitted to vote in presidential elections. If 13 States disapprove, the amendment can--not become law.

But effective changes,,In the Constitution, as Southerners are ruefully aware, are made not only by formal amendment of the Constitution; changes also are made, and far more frequently. by opinion of the United States Supreme Court. The high court's opinion of. 1954 in the school segregation cases effected the most .spectacular amendment. in terms of powers prohibited to the States, but many other.oplnloas, especially In the area of interstate commerce also have served either to expand .the powers of the central government or to diminish the powers of the States.

Under the Louisiana plan, any 13 States would have the power to suspend the operation of a

Supreme Court opinion having such an effect, by filing notice of protest and disagreement with some appropriate official Unless a full three-fourth* of the States thereafter expressed formal approval of the offending decision, the .opinion would become void and no precedent-

The Louisiana resolution. If It ever were to be considered seriously, would have to be modified to take into consideration the position of the litigants in these great contested cases No party to a suit reasonably could be expected to wait three years, as the resolution proposes, to see if more than one-fourth of the States Intended to register objections. With careful thought, however, some workable procedure doubtless could be devised by which the protests of, say. half a dozen States, filed within ninety days after a key decision, would suspend a new constitutional doctrine for an additional 18 montha. This would provide sufficient Ume for the States to approve or disapprove the courts shapklt of the Constitution. and in very few cases would such a "freeze affect the interested parties severely.

Some such procedure, in our view, would be completely in keeping' with the federal nature of our Union. A part of the genius of our government lies in the fact that political power resides in the people acng through their States, It Is thus the States that delegate power to the central government, and they rightfully should be able to maintain a tight control over such delegations.

The State.x have no such control now. They are helpless before the authority of the Supreme Court, backed by the executive power. If they ever are to regain the role envisioned for them by the founding fathers, some additional check on the court, along the lines of the Louisiana plan, will have to be adopted.

Togetherness Is delighiful for parents but children want to walk their own paths and to build their own lives. Parents may guide their children, but the generations are different. Jack Kennedy and Ike Eisenhower are of dlifsrent generations and they respond differently to Identical conditions. My correspondent seems worried about over-indul-gent parents who "forgot that chastisement Is a sign of love

The conflict of generations is eternal and the current generations face stresses and strains which arise from war. from taxes. from insecurity, from mixed moral criteria, from postponed marriages and postponed careers. Chastisement does not solve problems; chastisement can only impose the decisions of one generation upon another, often unrealistically. Children set up defenses against parental correction and learn how to get around them.

For instance, this girl who wanted to be married before graduation was in a hurry for many reasons, one of which, probably the unspoken reason, was that she feared that she would lo.se her boy. When I went to college, students were expelled if they married before graduation: if they attempted trial marriage, or to use a vulgar term, shacking up, they were most certainly expelled.

Today, it seems different The colleges and universities have abandoned supervision over such matters, just as some professors penult smoking In clas.s and the bo.Vi, and girls dress like hooligans, without taste or distinction.

Parents are often taken by surprise, as my correspondent apparently Is, but the young

people are not necessarily "bad because they want cars and desire the adventure of early marriage. They are, of course, inexperienced and many of

their ideas do not serve them

effectively. A young man, still

at college, with a wife and perhaps a child could slow up his career becaasc many opportunities are lost to him. On the other hand, many students claim that married life is less exhausting and time-wasting than court\^ ___________ _________

ship and much less expensive, \the Kennedy famlly'TsTtOTk.'

is only a "stones throw"~^om? Key West dOu miles .-My nsi request is for every reader to get his child* geography and study Cuba.

LOCATION OF CUBA

It wiU be seen that Cuba U not Just east of Florida: but Is at the mouth of a body of water between Key West, U-S. and Yucatan, Mexico It may truly be said that whoever contr:ls Cuba will control the Gulf of Mexico. This means that our city of New Orleans, the outlet for all shipping on the Mississippi River, cur Texas ports of TSlfretWr'Illa^Snras well as the leading Mexicsm ports, could be closed. All this was anticipated when we built out base at Guantanamo Bay on the extreme southeast end of Cuba, about 50 miles east of Santiago de Cuba., This is Cubas great shipping port for sugar. At one time this site was wanted to protect our Panama Canal; but the latter has been written off since* the Atomic Era, What country controls Cuba controls the .gateway to the heart of the U.S. Therefore, you can be sure it will not be Russia or any other enemy.

DISTANCE OF CUBA FROM RUSSIA

By airplane Cuba is about 6000 miles from Moscow, Yet Alaska is only about 2000 miles from Vladivostok, Siberia, the eastern terminus of the Siberian Railway, So why should we fear even if Russia is friendly with Cuba? We already are cloaer to Siberia at Alaska and . we dont worry.

I personally do not directly know much about Cuba, but I once taught in and owned a college in Guatemala. I know that the Spanish people get easily ex-clted They love to threaten and fight by^ropaganda. This is what Castro is now doing. We should not take it too seriously.

I feel that President Elsenhower got frightened too easily and made a great mistake by breaking off diplomatic relations as he did. '

WEALTH OF CUBA

Cuba is a wonderfully rich country. It possesses marvelous soil. It enjoy.*'plenty of rain In the right seasons. It is flooded with sunshine Neither Florida nor the Gulf Coast have anything to fear from Cuba. After It settles dow. it will be a great asset to these sections Cuba could well develop another boom in Florida. I am sure that President Kennedy will .work out a satisfactory solution, as he knows Cuba from his winters t Palm Beach.

For several reasons Russ would not go to war with us to get Cuba, and Castro knows it. There are several reasons, but the chief one is that such a war*by Russia or by one of her satellites would alienate all of La^ln America against her. Do not forget that Lyndon Johnson, our Vice President, knows that Cuba holds the ocean gateway to Texas. It is silly to think of Russia taking o-er Cuba with our Guantanamo Bay force* being among the strongest in the world.

WHAT KENNEDY WANTS

President Kennedy wants most to make a good President. Second, he wants to develop some kind of an understanding with Russia ^o as to honestly say; "I kept you out of war Third, he wants to have a good stock market and to have the Dow-Jones Averages In the 1962 higher than they are todav. His friends may let price* fall off during 1961 as a part of e "readju-stment. He is willing to "let the recession come and ipt over with so he can have a good market in 1%2. Ex-Presl-dent Elsenhower had little interest in our stock market; but

because the compulsive showing off costs are eliminated.

It is difficult for many parents to knpw what to do when they face children who become Beatniks, who use soiled language. who associate with bad companions, who drift away from the advantages of means and education, who develop an affinity for db-t. Parents become distraught. In '^a decade they may be proud of these same children. It takes time in a period of change.

Yet if they will'think back to (Continued on Page 5>

ihajrket minded. It always was and' kurely will be during the next two years.

It is very possible that Cuba could be used to develop another bull market. Castro may be bought offor shot off. Kennedy could make a spectacular play by restoring diplomatic relations. which I think he will do. Just now Cuba is playing Russia against the U.S. It is a great game of poker and I am ready to bet on Presidert Hence, I am not bullish on Cuba and perhaps on the entire-Up^t-ed State*.

Turmoil In Gommodity Markets

By ELMER ROESSNER Expect turmoil in the world commodity markets, especially in the food markets. There have been serious crop failures In bbth' k-uastli tid 'China.--The Communist High Commands In both countries are busily passing blame on to subordinates: horrendous denunciations are beinn used to distract the attention o the hungry.

Meanwhile. Russia and China are buying up foodstuff* in the world market. Castro i* a,double blessing to Khrushchev Castro is not only a stepping stone (or Communist expansion in the Western Hemisphere but he is a provident supplier of cheap sugar and. perhaps, other food-stuff*.

China' is reported to have purchased 250.000 tons of wheat from Australia. 200.000 tons from Canada and an unannounced amount of rice from Burma As winter worsens the entire Red iloc wtlV ' 'in * 'lhpQ'' Dr

grains, pulse, fats, oil* proteins and fibers While Chlnak inter

national credits are low. Rassia Is believed to have large store of gold which it may be willing to spend to prevent unrest at home.

*FAI*E C^ARGE.OFS n

Commutation deductions ahead: Griping labor for years has been the fact the executives and salesmen can deduct travel costs to produce Income, while workers cant deduct commuta* tion costs to produce theirs.

If qther pro-labor legislation blocidid. look for the new Administration to advance legislg tion to make bus. train and other commutation co-*'!* calculating taxable ^income.

.School - aid blocks ahead: Toughe.st Kennedy plank tor Con gressional digestion' will be pro pasis for Federal aid to educa tion. Segregationists wont like it because it will be easy to tie desegregation qualifications to the program Religious groups

it would be unfair to parochial schools, or because it may ea.sily

be extended to atd sectarian schools. And many others will think the plan is the first step toward Federal control of educa-^. tion. (It is. of course.)

,MORE FROM UITMR TO,YON

Higher pstal ratfsi The new Congress has little choice: It must vote higher rates or higher appropriations for subsidies, mast-likely the former. Many believe it will be better to get the agony over with immediately than to wait until an election year.

Highly vulnerable are magazine rates and the new "educational materials rates bywhich - Lumumba music on records can be sent at rates jsrlglnally interned for blbles and other hooks

Kite In credit promotiona*. Un

employment is nibbling away at retail sales, although so far sales are holding up well But the threat of decline is causing many merchants to prepare fre.*b pro-

kled with many recession gimmicks.. sucb as insurance pay

offs in case of death, aaspen-slon of payments in event of lavoffe, and renegotiation prw-lleges in event of iinanc*al strictures

Ainerlcans GcU|n|L Yiwnger, * Old Profhoter InsTitt^

The Old Promoter was in a contentious mood when he came in today. He was holding a magazine article that said, because of miracle drugs, the average age of Americans was getting greater.

"Mbacle drugs or not. Its nonsense! he declared. Be-cause of the competition tor jobs, Americans are growing younger. Men and women who used to be three year* awav from Social Security 1 few year's ago are now only 49. and they have the face-Hfts to prove it.

"And yonngstera who were 17 back in 1958 are still 17, because if they get older their fathers will lose tax deductions "Miracle drugs mav ^extend .AuiHAb. ljto..._bw verse ihi effects of economics and taxei.

>s- .

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