rAGE FOUR

THE DAILT REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, w. C

Tiietdayt Decamber 27, 1960

Tuesday, December 27, 1960

Re-Dredging Information Channels

Are Two Heads Really Better?

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Vice President-elect Lyndon Johnson has made it clear since the election that the new administration will take Steps to see that the channels of information between the federal government and its people are cleared of the obstacles which in recent years have been set up to choke off fr^ access to information on federal agencies and activities.

The growing secrecy in government has grown at an alarming rate in the past 15 years. And we are not referring to the security measures which naturally are necessary to protect vital defense information upon which the welfare and future of the nation might depend.

In recent years a number of scandals have developed at high levels in the federal government, and these have tended to make officials extremely careful about information which becomes public knowledge. It will be^recalled that at one timein the wake of scandals in his administrationformer President Truman authorized every agency of the government to classify all its records and information and allow the public access only to what it desired the public to have. To some extent, at least, this pholosophy still carried over in many agencies of the federal government. Information which would cast a shadow of suspicion upon an agency or its officials in many instances has been hidden behind secret labels in an effort to prevent their becoming public knowledge.

It is our hope that the statements made by Johnson in this respect will become part of the policy of the Kennedy administration. Certainly the people of this nation should not be deprived of information .which pertains to the federal government and its operations. The remaining veils of secrecy which still hang between the people of this nation and the agencies of their government should be brought down byTrinity Alumni .onely People

Bv LYNN NISBET ORPHANS The most lonely and hcwieless people in North Carolina are the alumni of Trinity College before it became Duke University. So said one of them the other day and he haatily insisted that his comment had no relationship to recent football scores. We were proud of Trinity, he said, as a North Carolina college training leadership for North Carolina and the South. It did a magnificent job and its alumni contributed greatly to the development of the state.

It seems to us oldtimers that the modern Duke University Isn't much concerned about North Carolina or the South, he continued. Certainy not to the same degree as when my class was there. That was a long time ago, and maybe we expect too much In maintaining tradi-tiODS. We are proud of Duke as a great university, of its international reputati<m and the prestige accorded its dipl(nas. But we regret that emphasis has been switched from training adiool teachers and country pnachers and small town lawyers to the areas of worldwide activity. It seems that It is beneath the dignity of a great university like Duke to bother with a lUtle community leader.

NOT ALONE The old Trinity alumnus might have felt kmely. but he is not alone in the situation. He has a lot of company kmong alumni of Wake I^^ add Carcdlna, who also tear that\ their alma maters have acqui^ ideas of grandeur that precluoe the kind of training for loc^ leadership which made them valuable to the state and the region a generation and more ago. These changes have brought about others of perhaps more far reaching c(-aequence than now seems apparent.

LOSS^JAIN - It wUl take aome years to detmnine the relative gain and loss in this transition. When the MeUiodist tiurch. to all intents and purposes lost Trinity College to Duke University, the Methodists began to develop High Point and Loulsburg and Pfieffer and other mall colleges. Then they

authorized establishment of two big colleges at Payettevilel and Rocky Mount.

When the Baptists realized that Wake Forest was becoming a great non-sectarian university, they began development of Mars Hill. Campbell, Wingate and other denominational colleges.

And the State of North Carolina. realizing that its university system was growing too big for adequate service to the common people, moved into the area of converting teacher-training colleges into liberal arts institutions and to the establishment of junior community colleges.

It could well be that the net gain in educational opportunities win far exceed the loss in transition of the big universities from local or regional impact into worldwide influence. The nostalgia of the old Trinity grad is understandable by those of his age level. So is the feeling of Wake Forest alumni when it was a college at Wake Forest. And of Carolina men when it was a university at Chapel Hill. All of that is past history. Someone has said that history is the record of achievement, recorded only for the past but being made every day.

The roles that old Trinity (Duke) and Wake Forest played in the college level made impact upon North Carolina equal to, and maybe second only to that of some of the old time private high schools,

BY-GONES Half a century or more ago there were no recognized public high schools in North Carolina. Admission to freshmen enrollment at the university and other colleges was granted to certificates from only a few privately operated schools. These included, and this list is far from complete, Homer Military Academy at Oxford, Bingham Military Academies at Mebane and Asheville, the late Marcus Drys schools at Wingate and Cary, schools at Warrenton, Buies Creek and several other places.

These schools all are gone or have grown into colleges. They have been replaced by dozens of fine public high schools with great overall gain in educational opportunity.

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the Dew administration.

Corruption in government, wasteful practices and ineptness in administration at any level in the federal government cannot long withstand the light of public scrutiny. If, however, it is possible to hide such things behind secret labels; if it is possible to obstruct channels of information to prevent the people from learning of such things, then the corruption and waste grows and the ineptness spreads like a disease. When such a chain reaction takes place, the stability of the government, and indeed the stability of the nation is threatened.

Johnsons assertion that the avenues of information on federal agency activities will be unclogged when the new administration takes over is one which can make a genuine contribution to strengthening the federal government and increasing the efficiency of its operations.

Look Of Youth Partly Caused By Aging Eyes

The trend of youth in government that was firmly established with the election of John F. Kennedy as President has now been reflected again in Teny Sanfords announcement of the three men who will hold top spots in his administration in North Carolina.

Hugh Cannon, 29, will hold the top post with the title of assistant to the,governor, Tom Lambert, 25, will be Sanford's administrative assistant, and Graham Jones, 33, will be Sanfords press secretary. It will be the youngest personal staff to surround a governor of North Carolina in many years, if indeed not the youngest in history. It- may also be significant that Sanford, who is considered a young governor at 43 chose for his three top assistants men who are from 10 to 18 years his junior.

There will be critics, of course, who will assert that Sanford, by these appointments, is trying to emulate President-elect Kennedy. Others will assert Sanford made the appointments with an eye to his own future political career after he leaves the governors mansion four years from now. And, of course, some will shrug off the announcement with the intended uncomplimentary remark that they expected as much.

For it all. how^ever, the trend to youth that is appealing in the forthcoming Sanford administration for North Carolina promises considerable merit. Certainly these early appointments indicate an energetic and forceful staff closest to the governor. Though the staff may lack the age to which people of the state have been accustomed in the captol office, they are by no means inexperienced in politics or their political backgrounds.

It could w^ell be that the matter of perspective of some observers makes the trend to youth appear more drastic in politics today than it really is. Each year it seems the high school graduates appear younger, the college grads younger. It is possible the trend to youth in politics may be partly attributable to our own outlook from aging eyes.

By HAL BOYLE

Oddities Found In Mai'.Still Evidence O:: System Trouble

By HAL BOYLE

NEW YORK (AP)Things a columnist might never know if he didnt open his mail:

One of every three paid employes today is a woman. . . 'The other two are nien who spend their spare time explaining to a woman why they dcit make more money.

Men and apes are among the few animals who see objects in color ... or worry about it.

Government prosperity note; When Thomas. Jefferson became the first U. S. secretary of state, the department consisted of three people. . . . Now it has more than 35,000 employes.

wqiat will do most to add to your longevity? . . . One medical expert said the two major elements in prolonging life are the preservation of energy and a high degree of motivation. ..

So. if you want to annoy your heirs by outliving them, keep your pep and your desire to use it.

Here is singer Polly Bergens recipe for health: T keep my figure trim by working hard and keeping busy. That way I dont put on weight. I hate inactivity it ages a person and makes him dull.

Underw'ater history: The brown trout can swim at a speed reaching 23 miles an hour.

Some 53 countries grow tea, but most of it imported into the United States comes from India, Ceylon and Indonesia. . . . A Ceylonese woman can pick up to 160 pounds of tea in one day.

Safety note: U. S. mail trucks have cut their accident raie up to 75 per cent since theyve been painted red, white and blue. Why not make pedestrians wear polka

Other Editors Saying ... Soviet Economic Ambition

By RALPH ROBEY

Evidence continued to accumulate showing that our economic system is not behaving, at least in some categories, in the manner it should. The latest proof of this character is the unemployment report for the month of November. Coming on top of the October figures, this latest survey Is most disturbing.

It wl be recalled that October is normally the low month of the year for unemployment, just as January and February are the high months. This is true regardless of whether unemployment is high or low. It is caused by additions and subtractions to the labor force, the climate, and all the other factors which have a regular seasonal effect upon the volume of jobs in relation to the number looking for work.

Last October, however, the seasonal pattern was broken. The result was that unemployment, instead of going down, actually rose by 200,000. The total figure was 3,600,000. In November there was another increase to 4,000,000. This was about the normal seasonal change as between these two months, but the figure is so high that itis practically certain that in January and February the total will go above 5,000,000.

As always the great question is what is causing this unemployment and what can be done about it

Prom the viewpoint of numbers the most important single cause is the extraordinary growth In our labor force. Between this November and year earlier the increase was 1,600,-000. That is partly the result of November of 1959 being relatively low lower, in fact, than either the preceding or the following month. A more accurate measure is the fact that for this year as a whole our labor force has been 900,000 above 1959. The cause of this growth was the

exploding population of some twenty years ago.

A second major cause of unemployment is the failure of the business trend to continue upward. The manufacturing seg- ^ ment as a whole has found that it needs fewer workers than even a few months ago to produce all that the market will absorb at present prices. This now is true in both the hard and the soft goods industries. Employment in service, in gov-erment at all levels, and in finance has advanced, but the aggr^ate increase here has not been sufficient to offset the decline in other parts of the economy.

The third great factor that needs mention is automation. There have been several studies of how automation affects employment, and on the basis of these surveys It is clear that It does not directly lead to less employment. But the crucial word in that statement is directly. It costs a lot of money for a business to automate, and the purpose is to reduce hand labor by a process which lowers the expense of production. Most business management takes care of the reduction in the labor

force by normal attrition. But all this means is that while no one is thrown our of work

immediately, persons are not employed who otherwise would have been. In that sense, automation does creat unemployment at least until the volume of business increases enough to JusUfy more workers.

If. as now appears most probable, unemployment rises to above 5,000,000 in January, what should be done? The Congress

will be tempted, and the pres

sure will be great, to legislate on unemployment Itself. Nothing can be accomplished in that direction other than to provide a bit more generous unemploy-(Cd&tlnued on page five)

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

A close look at Russias 1961 budget would indicate that Nikita Khrushchev was actually serious when he said his philosophy Is in direct contrast with Red China's advocacy of war as a means of furthering world communism.

The Soviet Union has announced it proposes to reduce defense costs and greatly increase outlays for industry and scientific research in 1961, A rise of about eight per cent in industrial production is planned under the record peace time budget of 77 billion rubles (roughly about $86 billion). At the same time, around four billion rubles will go into scientific research in a program that Includes such projects as five - tone cosmic space vehicles and test missiles in the Pacific.

Russia claims increased industrial progress has enabled it to surpass the U. S. in overall production of timber, iron ore, electricity, wool cloth, fish, sugar, mk and butter. It was noted, however, that earlier boasts about overtaking the U.S. in all ways and having a higher standard of living by 1967 were not repeated, v

But it was claimed the balance in the rate of industrial growth has tipped further in Russias favor, with a Soviet rise of 30 per cent in 1959 against 8 per cent for the U. S. This, of course, is pure rubbish, because the yardstick used by the Krem

lin is not the correct one, therefore doesnt give accurate com-p a r i s 0 n between the two countries.

Russia plans to Increase foreign trade by over 6 per cent in 1961, with a special effort to promote commerce with newly independent nations. This is an important factor, one the U. S. should note, because it is an ideal way to cement relations between countries, and Russia is quick to take advantage of such situations.

The U. S., in order to compete with Russia, must also cultivate trade relations with new nations, not only to enhance its own overseas commerce, but to help prevent these new countries from being swallqwed up by the Red bloc. In waging an economic war against the U. S , the Soviet Union has a distinct advantage in that it can throw the whole weight and resources behind such a program. By contrast, the government of the . S. has only a limited role in foreign trade. Private enterprise is still the foundation of American economy.

WWle It Is far better to compete with a foreign power on trade levels, rather than with atomic weapons, the . S. cannot underestimate the potential threat in such peaceful endeavors by the Reds. Defeat through destruction of our economy would be just as tota as military defeat. The only difference Is a matter if intensity.

dots? It might save them, too.

If you feel tired, here are some reasons: In 24 hours the heart of the average adult beats 103.689 times, his blood travels 168 million miles, he breathes 23,040 times, he Inhales 438 cubic feet of airand he exercises 7 million brain cells.

Quipe from our contemporaries: "Success? most of it consists in getting along with the people you cant get ahead of, says the Kiwanls magazine.

Weather plays a real, not an Imaginary role. In business. . . . Example: A rainy day cuts department store sales about 8 per cent.

Fair play for fowls: If you call someone "silly as a goose, you are misleading yourself. . . Ornithol(^lsts consider the goose an intelligent and resourceful bird.

Worst pun of the year: Actor Walter Slezak recalls the striptease dancer who was making ner debut and froze with stage fright. . .. Prom the wings came a loud whisper, "Dont just stand thereundo something! -

Greeting cards are relatively > new . . . they first appeared in 1875.

Our crowded world: The population of Red China Is Increasing by more than a million mouths a month.

It was George Santayana who observed, Wisdom Is sharper than death and only the brave can love her.

Opinions In Brief

"Scratch an American parent today and, generally speaking, you will find someone who wants his children to have all the best of it. This is an admirable goal, as far asiit goes. The only trouble with it Is that It seems to leave out of account waat ought to be the other aide of the equation. Our youngsters should be asked to give all their best.Waynesboro News-Vir

ginian.

For our prosperity and wellbeing much credit Is to be given to the fact that our forefathers established this nation on the belief that man Is a free agrnit, responsible for his acts and for his relationship with others; that he Is capable of improving his own condition through faith, self-reliance and individual inl-tlaUve.Wildwood (N.J.) Leader.Caption Means ittle

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT

Copyright, 1960, King Features.

Syndicate. Inc.

Mrs. Margaret Neal of Washington, D. C. upbraids me severely. She writes:

"For years until recently I have enjoyed your column.

"But it seems to me that you have turned New-Fair Deal-New Frontier.*

"You appear, to be turning your back on every major stand you have taken in past years **

As a conservative. I fear that . I have never discovered a rational definition for the New Deal. It always seemed to be an opportunistic operation which solved its confusions by avoiding solutions. Why President Truman changed the term "New Deal to Fair Deal I have never discovered. One caption is not more descriptive or accurate than the other. President-elect Kennedy's New Frontier is meaningless to me. I have no idea what it intends to convey.

On the other hand, by the year 1961, the United States has reached a perilous situation which requires a new program, a new adjustment to meet non-postponable problems. I shall name a few:

1. The need for restoring value to the dollar so that the economy of the country can be defended;

2. The need for the reorganization of the Executive Branch of the government, including the armed forces, so that the high cost of administration will not impoverish our people during a period of essential excessive expniditures for defense;

S. A rationalization of our foreign policy so ttiat we cannot be goaded into a war at a time and place of Soviet Russias selection;

4. An acknowledgnmit of the existence of the Afro - Asian group in the United Nations and an adjustment of our relationship to that group so that they do not use their numbers to destroy our effectiveness In world diplomacy;

5. A recognition of the sober fact that it is impossible socially for large numbers of our people to be unemployed and an adjustment of many economic policies to meet this danger must be made.

It would seem to me that this is a minimal immediate lu-o-gram for the new President.

I fear that some of my conservative colleagues are xnisslng the essential historic fact that 1%1 is not 1936. In the latter year, we owtoscd Franklin D. Roosevelt because he was building a bureaucratic state o limited freedoms to meet current emergencies. That is not our problem today. What wi face is more sinister and more frightening.

For instance, the essence ol capitalism is the free, competitive market, in which the law of supply and demand determines production and price. But toe free market exists nowhere. We conservatives may repeat and repeat and repeat that it is absolutely evil that a free market exists nowhere, but our difficulty is that we have no way -to bring the free market into existence. In fact, on toe continent of Europe, there are three closed, controlled markets, the Common Market, of six nations, the Free Trade Association of seven nations, and the Soviet bloc.

The economic argument in favor of the free market is that competition will produce efficiency In iMXKluction and a keener price competition. But In 1961, price has become political and contracts among nations are often based on barter with price as no factor. Soviet Russias contracts with Cuba, involving also Red Ctoina, C!zechoslovakla and Poland, deal with a specific exchange of commodities with no price factor.

To pick another situation, our relations with Soviet Russia no longo* involve Communism as such; they are only concerned with war o* peace. It is possible for the optimist to say that war will never take place for this or that reason, but actually war is taking place by other ^n orthodox methods and by otoer than orthodox weapons. We are no longer dealing with a theory; we face a very costly fact.

I fear that my correspondent prefers that we continue to de-

(Continued on page 5)

;i^are Baraains Now Available

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS SLOW AND STEADY An acquaintance of mine wanted to lose twelve pounds. He luul tried several formula diets without success, as be always went back to normal eating after a day or two. Then be hit on the scheme of weighing himself nightly, imposing a "ceiling of his present weight, and lowering the ceiling a pound every two or three days. If he went above his ceiling, he ate very lightly the following day- If he stayed below it, the lower weight became his new ceiling. It took him five weeks, but he lost the twelve pounds.

Two significant things led me to write about him. One is the fact that for many of us, gradual

change is more possible than any weeping reform overnight. Sometimes we Would like to make a dramaUo alteration in our lives to give up indulgences to which we htve become slaves, or to take on new programs of work and responl-bility. Some people can do such ttdrgs in a single grand gesture, but for most of us the gradual, perhaps painful, change may be slower, but Is certainly siu*er.

A second thing that my friend discovered from his experiment was that the temperate eating habits he had formed remained with him. Habit is a strong force. We hear much aoout the power of bad habits. Good habits can be just as powerful, if we let them.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Rare bargains will be found in stores in the next few days. Lucky are parents whose children have birthdays in January, because toys at cut prices will abound, especially in shops opened for the Christmas season only. Small appliances, costume jewelry, novelties and even large appliances will be found at remarkably low prices in many places.

The reason: Christmas buying, though substantial, was erratic. Many retailers, although sold out in many items, are stuck with surpluses in many others. Goods without chance of later sale will be offered at any price to move them.

Note: Many retailers will be especially eager to move unsold holiday goods this week to establish losses, and to gain a.s much revenue as possible, in toe tax year. If profits have been meager during the year, cash gains before December 31 will t>e made at low tax rates. OTHER LOOK-AHEADS

Here are more business forecasts, based on analyses of developing trends;

Record year; Despite bumps and upsets, when the last figures are In, 1960 will be found to have been one of toe best years in history. The strength shown earlier in the year, and continuing in many indexes despite the current slump, will make 1%0 the best year statistically so far. Even no^ personal income, for Instance, is probably running far ahead of any previous year.

More railroad merge^: As

reported here. previously, more railroad merge'r talks are going on than anyone cares to admit-And this is to predict that resulting merger proposals will get a kindly eye from both the outgoing Republican and incoming Democratic Administrations. The reason is that railroads are in a continuing worsening situation and that mergers will be cheaper than government subsidies, which may be the only alternative.

Belter lim: A new type of nylon yarn, developed for toughest usage in airplane, truck and passenger car tires, may result in longer-lasting tires at Uttlc extra cost. The yarn is said to resist fatigue exceptionally well, making more tires suitable for

recapping.

STORM BREWING

Drug manufacturers will rise In protest: The Veterans Administration announcement that it will continue buying drugs overseas will stir the pharmaceutical industry into indignation. The industry, battered by charges of overpricing of drugs and other shady practices, will seize the opportunity to make capital of the VA decision. It will point out that ovrseas purchases, even at lower prices, adds to toe gold shortage while buying American drugs does not.

A cruising winter j Reservations indicate that although many of the better - off lost money in toe stock market, theyU still be able to take winter cruises this year. If you doubt it. try now to get a reservation on a January or February boat trip to tropical climes.

Better highway comforts: You can expect many service stations to Improve facilities for women, Eilclent rest rooms may soon give way to elegant powder rooms with lounges, greenery and birds. Researches have shown that women buy much more gas .than previously

suspected and many of toe gas stations chains will do more to woo feminine customers,

OLD PROMOTER PRAISES THE EXTRA SALESGIRL

Now that Its about over. I wish someone had done a definitive study of the extra salesgirl hired for Christmas.* the Old Promoter remarked on his visit today.

I think Christmas should be repeated every year If for no other reason than to experience the enthusiasm, occasionally, of the extra help.

"Some of them refused to speak to customers. Whenever a shopper approached, they cowered In corners, pretending to straighten out salesbooks. Others were on a par with regular salesgirls, helpful, confident and efficient. But many were far beyond the regulars in their cooneration with toe public. Why, one young girl and I spent toe afternoon playing with electric trains on toe floor of the toy department. We both had a good time and in the end I bought a $1.39 semaphore. Youll never see a regular saleswoman do that.He may bt right.

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