Monday December 26 1960

Monday December 26, 1960

Fat Man, White Beard, Red Suit?

More Will Have Nuclear Capability

The development of an atomic potential by the email nation of Israel should cause the major nuclear powers of the world to again evaluate carefully the necessity of reaching some agreement on international control of nuclear weapons.

As more and more nations develop a nuclear capacityand certainly there is no reason to think they will not^the danger of a nuclear war being set oi^ increases. When only the United States and the Soviet Union had the capacity for launching a nuclear a^ck there was a very real danger. But as each additional nation develops a capacity for producing the materials necessary to such weapons, the danger multiplies rapidly.

Atomic energy will play a major role in the future development of the world. It cannot be expected that over the long term other nations will not also have the capacity to produce atomic energy. Although the development of atomic capacity will be primarily for the purpose of peaceful uses, there is nothing n^w to prevent any nation which has the capacity from

; Review Of N.C.

Court Activity

By LYNN NISBET

COURTS There are more eleven hundred courts <q;mratlng in North Carolina, with Juiladictions ranging from a maximum of $50 tn tort actions to imposition of the death penalty for capital felonies.

That and other interesting In-f<mation is found tn the annual r^)ort of Bert Montague, administrative aasistant to the chief juaUce of the Supreme Court.

The courts listed are: The Baprtascie Court, composed of a chief Justice and six associate Justices; one hundred county superior courts, with 32 regular and four special Judges on full time duty, and five emergency Judges subject to assignment when needed and when able to woiic five general county courts with unlimited civil jurisdiction and criminal jurisdiction in all cases below felony grade; 60 county recorder courts with criminal jurisdiction below iekmy grade, and civil jurisdiction ranging to above $1,000; 71 municipal and township recorder courts with jurisdiction generally a little below liat of the county recorder ciourts; nine county criminal courts with no dvll Jurisdiction; 93 juvenile courts, in which usually the cterk of the superior court serves ss Judge, with Jurisdiction iHlnclially over children under 16; eight domestic rela* tions oourts, having Jurisdiction ova* til cases affecting children. Including abandonment, non-sup-ped and desertion by parents; 157 may(ns courts with Juris-dieticxi mainly over violation of mmudpal ordinances, but a few with right to try cases !<: all mwi approximately 613 Justice of

and am>orximately 613 Justice of the peace courts adive in varying degrees,* with Jurisdic-ttaa ov^ minor misdemeanors and civil matters up to $200 on coBtract and $50 in tort actions.

ACnVlTYThe report shows that the Smireme Court di^xed cf 472 cases during the year from July l, 1959, through June 1960, an all time record. It k noted that the record of prodoctlon of our 8uiu*eme Court k unequaled in any aiH)ellate court of the land from which reports are available. Hiere is dkpositioD to criticize delay in e<Hirts. but the record shows an average of 30J days between argument and decision In the Supreme Court.

The number of cases filed In superior courts showed a sub-tial inraiease, more %an IJOO, and courts remained in session 423 days longer than the )U8 year. Despite this trial period, the ntunber of pending cases increased slightly mostly on the civil docket. Civil cases filed during the year were 9% per cent above the previous year, while dispositions amounted to only 8 per cent increase.

SPOTTED While the sUua-

tlon with respect to unsettled cases In superior courts is given on statewide basis, breakdown of the figures shows wide diversity among the counties. For example, civil cases more than two years old account for 47.5 per cent of the dockets in the courts of the first division and only

6.5 per cit In the courts of the fourth division. On the criminal side 82 counties have less than 100 cases pending, and 62 counties have less than 50-

.COURT TIME The utilization of time assigned for courts is always an interesting Item. For various reasons, some wholly authentic and some apparently capricious, many term of court scheduled for a week adjourn much earlier. The record in five counties which had mor^ than 500 civil cases pending on June 30, 1960, shows the following percentage of total use of assign^ court time; New Hanover, 72.4 per cent; Wake,

84.5 per cent; Gaston, 87-5 per cent; Guilford, 87.7 per cent; Mecklenbcrg, 89 9 per cent.

CLEAN-UP Montague notes that some judges and calendar committees have set time for clean up of old cases. He suggest fuller use of that plan. Amcmg the counties listed with a higher percentage of civil cases pending for more than two years and percentage of court time used last year are: Halifax, with 234 cases and only 63.3 per cent of assigned time utilized; Pitt with 176 cases and 80 per cent of time utilized; Nash with 80 cases and 80 per cent of used time; Wayne with 398 cases and 81.5 per cent used time; Wilson, 195 cases and 90 per cent used time, and Robeson with 74 cases and 98.9 per cent of court time used.

It would seem from the amount of unused court that some of the counties in this group have sufticient court regularly scheduled to iseovide the necessary clean-up terms. says Mcmtague. In others it may be necessary to call special terms.

HEAVY WhUe the drag in court procedure appears to be in the superior court civil dockets, the business of the court is in criminal cases. The annual caseload for trial courts, including those below the superior court level, has gone well above the hall million mark, or about 10,000 a week. Further breakdown affords an average of 100 cases per week, or about 17 per day, for every county.

When it is remembered that many counties have only two or three terms of superior court a year and no recorder courts, the load impact oa some of the big c(Minties is easily undwrstood.

Montagues report was factual ami non-controversial. 'Tte facts presented would seem to Indicate need for revision in court procedure at lower levels.

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sundij EstL>61i8hed 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, PublisbP filtered at Post Office, Oreenvflle, N C, as second class nafi matter.

#

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns) Week 3Dc

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 38o

BY MAIL, Payable In Advance

Oreenvflle Port Office. Pitt County, Robcrsonvflle, Vanceboro. Washington and Chooowlnlty

Three Months ........................... $ 9.7

Six Months .................... 700

One Tear .. ............................. 18.00

North Carolina cother ian Usted above)

Three Months ........................... 9 4.90

Mx Months .............................. 790

One Tear . .......................... 14.00

An Otha* Outside North Carolina

Three Months............................ 9 4.fi

Six Mffiiths 8.Q0

One Tear ........................... liOO

MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS rhi Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to use for publication all news dlsatches credited to It or not otherwise credited to this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of pubUcatkn of special dispatches here are also reserved.

NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES Thomas P Clark Co., Inc New Yorlt. Chicago, Atlanta Member Audit Bureau of Circuiatton.

All advertising oopy must be received at least ime day before publlcatios date.

producing atomic weapons as well. With such a capacity, even the smallest nation by an unwise act might plunge the, whole world into a nuclear holocaust.

No longer is it a quqestion of whether most nations will be able to produCe atomic materials with their own facilities. It is now merely a question of how long it will be before they reach such a point. Just as the capacity to produce conventional explosives, electricity and other forms of energy is general throughout the world today, there is no reason to expect that the capacity to produce energy from the atom will not be general throughout the world tomorrow.

If the world is to protect itself from destruction by this vast new source of energy, there must be some understanding among nations as to its use. There must be some practical method of seeing that any such agreements reached on an international basis are Im? plemented by reasonable controls for the protection of the nations who abide by the agreements.

The problem is more pressing now than it was a few years ago. It will be even more pressing five or 10 years from now. It is a problem to which both the powerful and the weak nations must give their Immediate and careful attention.

hERE,6lVIN' EV/ERVBODy

I

THAr$ TH' C% MAC-WEU,m50RRV,6UT HE CHARC/> ALL

Pulpwood Crop Gains Importance In The South

Although pulpwood is not generally looked upon as a money crop'' in the vast agricultural region of the South, it is a commodity which is becoming increasingly important from the tandpoint of the money it puts into the pockets of people of this area each year.

Statistics recently compiled on the 1959 pulpwood crop" show that in 12 Southern states this commodity brought some $455 million when it was sold for use as raw material in the pulp and paper industry. The harvest represented an increase of 12 per cent over the previous year. It is also significant that these Southern state^harvested in 1959 more pulpwood than all the rest jfjf the country combined and more than any other country in the world.

With me passing years the demand for pulpwood in a number of products and commodities has steadily increased. New uses have been found for the material to add to the demand. Traditional products such as paper of all kinds is being consumed in increasing quantities, resulting in still greater requirements of raw materials to manufacture the finished product.

Although Eastern North Carolina has increased its production of pulpwood in recent years, there remains a considerable acrkage of land not used for other farming purposes .which might be put into this different kind of money crop. The demand for pulpwood -appears certain to increase appreciably during the next decade, and most of the increase will have to come from the Southern states. With its land and climate naturally suited for growing pulpwood, there is no reason why Eastern Carolina should not further enhance its agricultural income by using otherwise idle land to produce more pulpwood than it now does.

RiaManm

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

Career Built By Himsel::

?irst Job Is In

Copyright, I960,, King Feature l^ndicate, Inc.

When a man buUd a career all by himself. 1 it nepotism if that career receives adequate recognition?

Politics, of course, take advantage of any situation, and the Republicans whisper nepotism because Presiden John Kennedy appointed his ta-other, Robert, Attorney General of the United States. Robert, however, buUt his own career without particular aid from brother John. His career is tliat of a tough, ruthless prosecutor. And that is precisely what is needed in the Attorney Gierals offico which has not been too effective in recent years, even falling on Its face in the Apalachin case which the court held was inadequately prepared.

When ^ opponents to Robert Kennedys appointment get through with nepotism, they will say that he is too young. How young was Alexander Hamilton

when he wrote the Federalist Papers? How old was William Pitt, the Youhger, when he was made prime miolst^r of Ehigland and became Americas greatest friend? 24. How old was Mozart wln he died after contributing a wMtith of music to the world? 35. John Marshall, perhaps the greatest justice who sat on the Supreme Court of ti United S^tee and whose decisions are as fundamental as the Constitution, was only 46 years of age when he reached that highest post, after a long career in government including the office of Secretary State.

This Kennedy Admlnistratio appeals to the Imagination because of its youtti and its un-familiarity. Most of the men in it are hardly known to the American people and at least two were not known to the new President. John Kennedy Is risking his career on the Judgment and ability of these younger men to pull this country out of the

?acinaConaress Editors Saymg...

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) The early moves of President-elect John F. Kennedys new administration probably will revolve more around his shrewdness in handling Congress than on what he proposes to do about problems rt home.

Overseas hell have his hands full.

Judging from the starting program he intends to lay before Congress, where hi Democrats far outnumber the R^blicans, he will neither suggest nor try anything startling.

The proposals he talks about were all part of the campaign promises he made. They didnt get through Congress last year. For Instance, medkuti care for the aged tied to Social Security. So hell try again as he is pledged to.

If Southern Democrats and Republicans band together, they can mess him up. Some Republicans talk of such a c<Milition.

But it seems unlikely the Democratte-run House there the Democrats outnumber the Republicans 260 to 177 will start off trying to frustrate Kennedy. It woidd be a sorry reception for their partys new leader.

In the Senate, where the Democrats are still In charge with a majority of 65 to 35 Republicans, Kennedy will have some real pros working as his chief lieutenants: Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson and Sen. Mike Mansfield of Montana.

It is important to both Johnson and Mansfield, who succeeds him as Democratic leader, to see the Kennedy administration get off to a good start. A defeat for Kennedy would be a personal defeat for them.

But its in the foreign field that Kennedy and his administrators and advisors probably

wl feel theyre walking through a dark jungle.

Besides trying to deal with the Russians and Premier Khrushchev, Kennedy must find some way to keen the people of Southeast Asia and Latin America on the U. S. side.

Dillon In Treasury

In Africa, both the people and their new nations are literally just coming alive as an active force in a world where for centuries they were kept in second-class citizen status as colonials. That continent will be explosive for years.

The Kennedy administration somehow must find a way to convince the millions of Africans that their future will be better with the West.

Any critical showdown with the Soviet Union during Kennedys administration may come first in Africa.

And even with American allies In Europe, Kennedy must keep the alliance not only alive but cooperative.

On top of all this, and yet critically related to it, Kennedy must subdue the flow of American gold overseas, keep trade healthy, and at the same time build American defenses to a point discouraging to Soviet ambitions.

Kennedy is a young man. What he faces is enough to make an old man of him.

Quote...

Drivers in Wet Germany can be arrested for using rudo gestures toward other drivers. It Is reported. That might be the way to thin out traffic here. Fredonia (N.Y.) Censor.

(Greensboro News)

Top Repuldicans may be embarrassed by President - elect Kennedys appointment of C. Douglas Dillon as secretary of treasury, but almost everyone else considers it an excellent choice.

Before accepting, Mr, Dillon, now undersecretary of state, consulted President Eisenhower and Vice President Nfccon. Their approval was purely for-maL And Mr. Nixon, who might have named Dillon his secretary of state, was distinctly Irritated.

By becoming KenCHBdys man in the treasury, they feel. Mr. Dillon tacitly repudiates the Republican caftpaign line that the Democrats would debase the currency, incur inflation, deficit spending and higher taxes.

Walter Rcuther, it was predicted by Campaigner Nixon, would have a lot to do with calling the tune on ecmiomic policy. ^As it tiUTied out, the tune caller is the man responsible for the economic policies and programs of the State Department and for co-ordinating fw-eign aid In the Elsenhower Administration.

But while high-level Republicans find the prospect unpalatable, others point out that Mr. Dillon comes to his job well equipped to handle both its diplomatic and fiscal aM>cts.

Before entering government service he had t long and active career as investment banker in the International field; he has been a director of the New York Stock Exchange and president o a huge foreign se

curities firm.

He rose rapidly in wartime naval service but not as high as in the U.S. diplomatic service during the Eisenhower Administration. Appointed ambassador to Prance in 1963, he was appointed deputy undersecretary for economic affain In 1967 and elevated to undersecretary the next year.

If President-elect Kennedy appointed Douglas Dillon to reassure Europeans concerned ovr reports that the dollar would be devalued and the new President's spending policies might further weaken the UB. fiscal position and our gold reserve, he can relax.

Word frwn Europe is that financial quarters welcome the appointment in the bdief that Mr. Dillons ai^roach to the dollar problem will be sound. They aw>rove of his general financial orthodoxy but also believe he will be less instinctively opposed to an expanded effort In the foreign aid field.

This only undersc<*es Republican irritation over the tppoint-ment. Western Eurc)ean financial experts see the Kennedy Adminlstratloa, through Treasury Secretary Dillon, carrying on along the lines of the present admlnlstraion while at the same time Din<m will be less rigidly orthodox than his immediate predecessors, George M. Humphrey and Robert B. Anderson.

Young John Kennedy has once more disarmed his critics and Incidentally chosen a capable man for the Job.

Survey

Is But A

Guess

By ROGER BABSON BAB60N PARK, Mass., During the recent election cam* ptign, the unemployment prob

lem trirt.d^^iAsed at

doldrums of complacency, appeasement and defeat. What will these younger men do to arouse our spirit?

When Robert Kennedy takes over the Department of Justice, he will find a large number of vacancies to be filled. It is surprising that the Republicans failed to appoint the necessary Judges and that many of tiie appointments to the Federal bench in receitt years have won the respect neither of lawyers nor layiben. It used to be that the Federal courts were regarded as tiie best mcample of American public life. We may one day become sufficiently mature to develop Judicial office as a career; at any rate, it is to be hoped that tl requirement of tte courts for additional and competent Judges will not be ignored by this Attorn^ General. Delay in the Judldal process can, of itself, be injustice.

The anti-trust division the AtUwney 03erils office requires more than a team of lawym. It requires economists and sociologists on the t(H;> level of decision. During two wars, the Korean police action and a a terrifying Ck>ld War we have forced our industry to becMne big because we require stand-by plants for great emergencies. It is possible to utilize our iflsnt 100 per cent without destiroying the economies of some of our allies. At the same time, the Europeans have organized cartels with which our individualis-tic firms cannot c<npete. The Soviet countries utilize a totally state - owned industry which ignores cost in determining price, as with them, price is a political not an econcunlc factor.

All this American ladustir bs to consider and understand. The free market, the ideal of American capitalism, has been foreclosed by the international poU-tics in a period of unorthodox war.

The*anti-trust division of the Departm^t of Jurtloe has ignored these factors in its analysis of American industry. Today a $30,000,000 to a $100,000,000 corporation is regarded as a medium-size iMisiness. The cost of creating means of production, that is Jobs, can no longer be measured in thousands doUars for the new products meeded for the defense of this nation require millions. There must be combinations call them prime and sub-contractors. If you will because not even the largest units of production can do an entire Job.

So, there are consent decrees to end litigation or to avert or evade litigation but economic necessities and the pressures of defense involve so many large enterprises that the entire antitrust concept will have to be

(Continued on page eleven)

both political parties, ly, the interpretations given to the JoNess situation were pre-seitted in^ light which would best suit ihe particular audience listening to each speech. Within the past few weeks, some projections of unemployment trends seem to bear out fears expresses dui^g the election campaign. Government officials predict that a sharp increate in jobless workers may lie ahead.

Once a month, tiie Bureau of Labor Statistics releases Its estimate of employmwit and unemployment. This is based on a mid-month survey by the Cei^ sus Bureau in which Miproxi-mately 35,000 households are in-tervlewid in 330 selected regions throughout the country. The groups of households interviewed are rotated so that a given household will be questioned for four successive months during a given year.

The information obtained for the latest month Is then compared with the preceding mon-ths estimate of unemplosrment to derive a measure of the change which his taken place. The next step is to inflate the current data by ti estimates of various population groups viz., by age, sex, and color. After the results of each step art weighted, ti two stepe are then coznbtned. _

loobing behind

THE FKIURES Naturally such a small mid-pie leaves much rwm for error when the data art inflated to show an estimate of the total labor piolare. Remember that only 35,000 households are interviewed out of a total of nearly 50,000.000 families in the country. Furthermore, the personil* interview method has certain natural pitfalls. More often than not the housewife answers the questions. She may not have an exact knowledge erf the circumstance of each memb* of tbs household. Or, the person questioned may be In a mood and thus unwittingly |ivs inaccurito or incomidsto answers. local conditions and-or

psycholofy could also contribute toward a distortion <rf answers given.

Aside from these human factors, un/Niiploynnt figures should be adjusted by readers to tok into account other dis-torttoDB. For example, i who are idled by strikes eluded as unemployed. T1 course, do not tndy reflect ths state of the economy* health. In addition, workers who are temporarily laid o& because of seasonal curtoflmeots to aeti^ tty are counted as unemplayed.

I also questkm wbether sick workers, and housewives and students seeking extra Mndlng money, luld be Incltuled.

WHERE 18 THE REAL

PROBLEM AND CURE?

At the presMit time, the Oow ernment estimate that over 4.-000,000 people are unemployed. Historically speaking, this is still not a very burdensome figure. Ctonsidertog the growth in population, this represents only a little over 5 pr cent of the labor force. Admittedly, there are pockets of unemployment to various sections which should receive help. Taking the country as a whole, however, the picture is more encouraging, especially when it is related to periods of normal business rather than war and super-boom times.

Readers of this column, tiierefcze, should iMiy more attention to certain fundamental conditions which aro throaten-ing to make U unemployment problem worse than it now is.

I fear that too many workcw, whrther individually or through unions, are pricing themselves out of the market. TWs is evident in the trend toward increased automation which, though ultimately beneficial to labor, could in the meaxtime make for greater unemployment. If wage costs increass much more, I fear that America wlil lose ti race for world markets. Both of these eonditlons could contribute to joUeasnesa.

Areas where unemployment is high should seek to create and attract new opportunities. This can best be accomplished by advertising local advantages, and. above all, by proving labor's willingness to work harder. Unless something is done, students to colleges and high schools may be hard put to find a job later on.

our aisle. wteken ikes art in-1. Tbete^of-"

Strength For Today

Citrus Crystals In The Future

By ELMER ROESSNER

By EARL L. DOUGLASS ALL THROUGH LIFE

Clean up day!

And what a day It always Is. Yesterday began with great Joy and expectation and probaMy ended. In many instances, with tantrums and tears. So it is always to be ipected. But what day shines brighter in our childhood memories than Christmasl This was the time when heaven seemed to come down and touch earth, although our parents may remember that by the end of the day something other tiian heaven usually broke loose.

How wtmderful it would be if we could have the spirit of Christmas through the year, and the spirit of Easter also, for they belong together. But we relegate the Joy of these festive occasions to one day and then

fold up the festival and lay it away on a shelf. Christman assures us that ti redemptive power a God came into the world in the form of a living Person, and the Bible continues to assure us that tiUs Person has never departed from the world. But we forget this all too often, and with our towms the day after Christmzs sweep up not only the litter on the floor but the teaching about the festival as well.

We have come to think of Christmas too much as a day Just for children. It Is a great occasion for all of us, not because we give or receive gifts but because we remind ourselves of God's Immeasurable and eternal Gift to the world.

So let us not adjourn the day. Let us prolong its Joy and its significance.

Instant orange Juice may be on the market early next year. A crystaliztog chamber at Plant City, Fla., Is turning out citrus crystals Uutt require no refrigeration and produce Juice when stirred into cold water.

The crystals are now being sold to mllUary and civilian establishments and wUl be put on the c<msumer market "as soon as a proper package is developed by Plant Industries, Inc.

This Instant orange Juice Is actually the result of one of two crystal ix)cesses under development. The other Is by the U.S. Department of Agriculture In cooperation with the Florida Cltnis C(wnralsslon. The second process is still under devel<H>* ment. and may not be ready until 1962.

Meanwhile, a 96-ton machine with 127 controls 1 producing crystals at Plant City for in

stitutional usrs.

LONG AN OBJECTIVE

Since 1917, eflorts have been made to produce a dehydrated orange Juice. In that year, a lemon powder was finally producedbut rejected as weak and tasteless. During World War n. a number (rf cttrus powders were produced but were spumed by the public.

After the war, efforts were reumed with the aid of the Quartermaster Corps. Researchers found that hest damaged the residue In distillations, and that freezing out water froze out the flavor.

Then a combination of both cold and heat under vacuum-produced fiavorsome crystals to 90 seconds. The vacuum bob* cold dehydrator was taken to Plant City In 1954, and has been turning out crystals (or Institutional users including the round-the-world Triton submarinesince 1956.

A pound of the new crystals mixes with a gallon of water to form moro than a gall(i of pretty cloee to fresh orainge Juice. The product may be highly competitive with frozen concentrates and chilled fuU-strength orange Juice.

CHANGING FOODS

Grant Horsey, presld-nt of Salada - Shifflff - Hr* the strangely named pr r of these crystals, polntco that food has been undergoing great changes. Freeze - dryif^, by which fo<HJs are quick-frozen and dehydrated under vacuum, can produce chops that can be restored without refrtgerallon, and which wUl return to normal alter a short soaking in wstor.

Radiation, or cold sterilization. Mr. Horsey said, may some day produce foods that will stay fresh without cooking or froezing. But this process Is sUU in laberatoriss.

Now there is s wave of instant

mashed potatoes, Instant tea and coffee, and instant milk. Mr. Horsey is hoping that Instant orange crystals will capture an Important share of this market.

Meanwhile, Plant Industries produced banana crystals, sad the U.S. Department of Agriculture Is working on a supercon-centrated apple Juice.

BUT NOBODY SUSPECTED BACK IN 1942

Before Pearl Harbor, Japans Interests bought up all tiie U.S. scrap they could. New Yorks Sixth Avenue elevab* ed railroad, when tom down, was sold to tiie Japanese. A lot of it was fired back at us.

Now, the Iron Age rqx>rts, Japanese are again buying great amounts of scrap iron In port cities, altiiough not yet In inland cities. However, no one suspects today that the JMianeee are plotting a new aneak attack.

i