PAGE POURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Tuesday December 20, 1060

Tuesday, December 20, 1960

Whos The Funny 01 Gent?

A Wider Use Of Educational TV

Greenville School Boards proposal concerning greater utilWtion of television for educational purposes in public schools throughout North Carolina deserves the careful consideration of state education officials.

In its action last week the Greenville School Board fiuggeseted the state explore the possibility of making educational television available to all schools in North Carolina.

Experiments in educational television in public schools of North Carolina have been carried out on a limited basis for several years now. For the most part the results of this program have been highly favorable. Without question the program as it is now constituted has met with sufficient success to merit careful consideration of a broader program both in terms of subject matter and likewise in terms of the number of schools that have access to the program.

As pointed out at the meeting of the Greenville School Board, many public schools of the state face severe problems in securing teachers for languages and in some of the fields of science. It has also been pointed out that the growing demand of students for instruction in these subjects, together with the inade-

;.959 Assembly Still With Us?

By LYNN NISBET

GENERAL ASSEMBLY-Who constitutes the membership of the current General Assembly of North Carolina? More important question, is there a General Assembly of North Carolina right DOW?

These questions arise from apparently conflicting provisions of the Constitution, and the different interpretations placed upon these provisions by eminent lawyers. And, the questions rise because of the anomolous situation of a new Governor being Inaugurated before the newly elected Legislature convenes.

It w'as stated in this column a few days ago that on the night of the pre-inaugural ball, the day before the new Governor would take the oath of office, that members of the 1959 General Assembly would still be in office, with Addison Hewlett as Speaker of House. A very learned lawyer and former high State official telephoned a protest. He cited Sec. 25, Aiticle n. of the State Constitution which says that *the terms of office for Senators and members of the House of Representatives shall commence at the time of their election.'* And he argued that since the election process had been completed, from the precinct ballot bmc through the county and State boards of elections canvasses, the members certified in that process constitute the current Legislature. He would be right, ^cept for two other provisions of the same Constitution.

There is See. 24. of Article n. which says "Each member of the General Assembly, before taking Ids aei^. stell take an oath or affirmatton tluU he wUl support the Con^ution and laws of the United States, and the Constitution the State of Nqrth Carolina, and will faith-fuQy discharge his duty as a member d the Senate or the House <rf Representatives.

CONTItOLLmG Perhaps ttie confroUing constitutional provision is found in Sec. 2, of that same Article n. which says "The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet biennially on the first Wednesday after the first Moiuiay in February next after their election, unless a different day shall be provided by law; and when aasemtded shall be denominated the General Assembly.....*

No diffident day having been set, and other ixuvisions lor csUing a special session not having been used, the General Assembly of 1961 will convene on Febiusry 8. Until that date the only General Assembly, if there is one in existence, is that of 19S9.

Briefly summarizing, the situation seems to be that the terms of Senators and Representatives begin with their election, but they cannot take their seats until they have taken the prescribed oath; and until both the Senate and the House convene with a majcnrity of sworn members present, there cannot bo a deslgnatcKi General Assembly.

JUDICIAL In checking the Constitution about the General Assembly your reporter ran into some other interesting provisions. There is no time limit on legislative membership, except that they must be elected every two years. Justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the superior courts "shall be elected by the qualified voters of the State, as is provided for the election of members of the General Assembly. They shall hold their offices for eight years. Nothing is said about the time when tenure begins. By custom and tradition judges take office on the first day of January after their election, and their terms end at midnight of December 31. eight years later. There is no provision with respect to legislative and judicial officers that they shall hold over until their successors are "qualified.

NO PROBLEM - There Is no problem with respect to the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, AttiHTiey General and members of the Council of State. There is specific provision that they hold office until flieir successors have been sworn in. It would seem that a similar provision should apply to legislative and 'Judicial elected personnel. This situation points up need for constitutional revislim <^er than in the areas of court procedure and legislative awwrtlon-ment, the two items which have occimied most attention in recent sessions of the General Assembly^

MEANTIMEThe immdeiata fyjiestion is wheflier North Carolina now has a three-way government. or if all of the legis-lafive In^ch and a part of the Judicial is missing, because of constitutional provisions about when terms begin, and no specific provisions about when they end. And no provision for carry-over until siK^cessors are qualified.

The Legislature has no power except when it is in session. If a special session should be called it would apply only to those members elected for the 1961 session. But until the 1961 General Assembly convenes, the 1959 Legislature is in office unless the thesis Is accepted that as of now the State of North Carolina has no legislative branch in its tri-partite system.

quate number of qualified people in this field going into teaching, suggests a moreVeverfe shortage in qualified instructors in the future.

The idea behind the proposal of the Greenville School Board is not to replace any classroom teachers now or in the future, but rather to provide via the medium of television courses of instruction in specific subjects which otherwise would not be available to students in many schools throughout North Carolina, Such a program of television instruction could vastly improve the curriculum of many of the smaller schools throughout the state, and at the same time would ease the impact of teacher shortages in even the largest school systems of North Carolina.

Through the use of commercial telecasting facilities, educational televisionin terms of actual subject instructionhas been used on a rather broad scale in North Carolina. We agree with the local board, however, in the opinion that the time has come for a more careful consideration of a state-wide system of educational television exclusively for the benefit of the public schools.

Enrollment in North Carolinas public schools is growing rapidly with each passing year. The demand for better instruction and a more diversified course of study, particularly in the smaller schools is increasing with good reason. While there may be some easing of the teacher shortage in a few fields, there are a number of fields in which the shortage of teachers is expected to become more critical rather than improve in the next decade.

These and many other factors commend the proposal of the Greenville School Board to.state educational officials who are responsible for overall planning for public education in North Carolina.

Navy Should Quickly Probe Great Fire Loss

The Navy should not hold back as it launches an inquiry into the devastating loss aboard the worlds largest aircraft carrier Constellation nearing completion in New York.

Already authorities apparently have established the cause of the terrible fire, but it seems incredible that a blaze should spread so quickly through the gigantic steel structure of the ship.

Normally one thinks of a ship of this kind as virtually fire-proof so far as its structure and interior are concerned. Certainly in a ship that cost some $250 million every precaution should be taken to see that fire hazards are eliminated even in the construction.

In its inquiry into the lossboth in property and the heavy toll of life^the Navy should carefully evaluate the situation which made possible the spread of the fire throughout the ship. It should also determine new safety precautions which can be taken to prevent similar losses in the future.

Responsibility Will Be Jacks

Powers

By PATRICIA MOORE

On The Yuletide- Fron

Christmas: the ajinual festival of the Christian church commemorating the birth of Jesus, celebrated on December 25; Dec. 25, Christmas day, now generally <*served as an occasion for gifts, greetings, etc.

In the entrance from our newsroom to our ciwnposing room a very strategic place f(H* all commuting.

certainly do not accept

That is from a new dictionary. Just outapparently it is the modem definitiwi of Christmas, now generally observed as an occasion for gifts, etc.

Now. Virginia, we all know what Christmas is.

Merry Christmas.

Continuing in the "spirit of Christmas, we would like to know ^ho put the mistletoe i4>

And fr<n our foreign news deiMurtment (courtesy of Stuart Savage) we have "rescued the following: Amerlcan-style parking tickets have been introduced this year in London. Ten hours after the plan went into action, traffic wardens had ticketed 344 drivers in the West End, cleared the streets of double parkers and eliminated traffic jams. But motorists complained bitterly. Said one: **I accepted American hot dogs, I accepted American iced tea. But this, this I most

Also, in Appleton, Wisconsin, a man was fined $15 for speeding, even though he explained that he had just bought two hot pizza pies and was hurrying to get thm home before they cooled.

One of the most unusual requests fnmi a youngster to Santa we have heardeveris for a certain type of soft drink machine.

Other Editors Saying . Hodges & Export Problem

Opinions In Brief

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) In a very acute sense Presldent-clect John F. Kennedy will be his brothers keeper.

He must take unique responsibility for what is or isn't done by his brother. Robert, whom he put in his Cabinet as attorney general.

While all pr^idents b^m ultimate responsibility for their Cabinet members, each in the past to some extent could dissociate himself when a Cabinet membCT goofed.

President Truman, for example. in 1952 sacked his attorney general, J. Howard McGrath, for firing Newbold Morris whom Truman had a^ed to investigate government comH>tion.

But no other president has had his brother in the Cabinet. Thus, each could argue he didnt know beforehand what a Cabinet member was up to.

The new present cant take that kind of an out In the case of his brother and for a reason that goes beyond mere hlood-ties.

The Kennedys are extremely close, constantly consult each other, and reportedly, think pTbtty much alike.

So it can be assumed that When the new attorney general does or does not take a major action it is because the president IS not only fully aware of his decision and amoves, but wants It that way.

This close relationship is perhaps the best argument the brothers can make to critics of Roberts appointment to such high office.

The critics say the 85-yearold lawyer of the Kennedy family would never have been picked for attorney general by any other president if for no other reason than that he doesnt have the legal stature.

Heres an example of why the main credit or blame will land

on President Kennedy for his brothers performaiwe: What

will the Justice Department, headed by Robert Kennedy as attorney genaral, do in the field 0 civil rights?

If he acta vigorously, it will antagonize Southern whites, particulwly in Congress where the new president will need all the votes he can get for his legislative program.

If the Justice Department drags its feet on civil rights it win antagonize Negroes and liberals who helped elect the new president.

Its a delicate problem and Just because it is either way it goes the new president will almost certainly be held more re^onsible than his bor-ther because U can be assumed Robert on a question as important as this acted under Johns say-so.

Since Robert Kennedy worked tirelessly to make his brother president, It can be taken for granted he will work Just as hard to make his presidency a success.

Robert Kennedy Is credited with being tough, quick and shrewd. Hes a good politician, 8s he demonstrated by managing his brothers presidential campaign.

As for Judgment on strictly legal problems he can get all the advice he might need from lawyers in the Justice Department. It swarms with them.

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

Gov. Hodges has not said a great deal about what his.plans are concerning his new duties as Secretary of Commerce in the Democratic administration, but one can be sure he expects to devote a great deal of effort to improving the American economy. Promotion of U.S. exports ^ads his list of things to do when he goes to Washington.

After a lengthy (inference with the present Secretary of Commerce Fred Mueller, Hodges explained that they had discussed the organization and philosophy, of the department and not siich issues as the recent slowdown in business. The Tar Heel governor has been cautious in his public statements about the current business situaticm. There has been a little bit of easing off the last few months, he admitted, and that he looked for an tturn in the spring because business usually expands at that time of year.

But Hodges does stress the Importance of continuing the governments year-old drive to boost . S. exports. "We can redouble our efforts toward international trade, more exports and more tourism to this country, he said. Foreign sales of goods and visits to this country by foreigners both help to bring back American dollars and reduce the now large deficit in the country's international accounts.

The major thing will be the matter of international trade. Hodges has no special measures to pep up business and has no specific tax proposals in mind, program to help depressed

I, 4. ^ program to help depressed

V vl 1 CjTareas, one of the campaign

promises of the Democrats, would be run by his department. Hodges prefers trade rather than aid because trade brings people t(ether. He is not against aid, as such, however.

Any<e familiar with Hodg^ knows there will be a new bustle and hustle in the Commerce Department. If tlre are problems to be solved. Hodges will certainly attack them. If there are ways and means of improving the D. S. economic situation overseas, Hodges will certainly exploit these angles, too. And If there is an answer to economic ills now besetting certain domestic areas, we are fairly sure the new secretary will try to find the answer.

One dissident voice has been noted concerning the appointment of Hodges. James Carey, czar of the Interm^nal Union of Electrical Workers, doesnt like Hodges, nor does he Uke the new Secretary o Defense Robert McNamara. In Hodges case. Carey boasted that be would exert preasure on the Senate to de^ confirmatloa. He pointed out that he was responsible for Senate failure to confirm Adm. Lewis Strauss ts*^ Commerce Secretaary-

His reason for opposing Hodges was the laters "yielding to business int^'ests, while his toughness has been against the wage earner of North Carolina. Whatever that means. In McNamaras case a more stupid reason could not exist: "Mainly because we just dont know Rihn, Thats why Carey opposes the new defense chief. Somehow we have a feeling that Careys "influence (m the Senate has Just ended.

The parent who make* tt his business to see that his children are In bed or otherwise accounted for at a reasonable hour ts far less likely than others to find his children in instituticms of correction. Huntington Hcrald-Dlspatch.

Have you noticed that a man who is really honest never crags about it?^Anderson In^ dependent.

It may be crass to chase a dollar, but It sure is fun to catch up with one.Hawkins-riJle (Ga.) Dispatch and News.

*A prlvU^e should never be taken lightly, especially when Its exercise is a matter of life or death. And that is what is Involved in this serious busines of driving. Greensboro Record.

Each of us should keep In mind each time that we drive, whether on a short or kmg trip during this Christmas season, that 124 of us are going to get killed In traffic accidents. Chowan Herald.

Old timers keep saying money will be the big problem during the 1961 legislature. Well, it usually is, in the legislature and almost everywhere else. Raleigh Times.

Htip Fight TB

Use Christmas Seals

ingers

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copyright; 1960, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

In ttie Jefferson Book Store In New York C^ity, It la possible to buy Soviet Booklet No. 78 is a formal document setting forth the "Indictment, Evidence, Speeches and Verdict in the Case of Francis G. Powers. The object of this pamphlet circulated in the United States, printed In English, is to set forth the correctness of Soviet Russia and the, wickedness of the United States in the -2 incident.

The first paragraph o this pamphlet reads:

"(hi May 1st, 1960, an American Lockheed U-1 military re-connaissan<5e plane intruded into the air space of the Soviet Union. At a time when Amalean bombers carrying atom and hydrogen bombs are in the air on round-theolock patrol flights, the incurskm of a military plane into the air space of the Soviet Union might have easily been taken to be the beginning of an armed attack. Therefcre, on that day the world was placed on the iMink ot war.

As a matter o fact, this statement is strictly untrue because the United States.Mui bei flying over Soviet Russia and pbo-tograi^iing that country for a long time and had paietrated Soviet defenses. Soviet Russia was conscious of this before the U-2 incident. The Powers trial forced Soviet Russia to admit:

"The Mflitary Collegium of the U.S.Sil. Supreme Court established at its bearings that aggressive espionage fHghts are undertaken along the borders and over the twnitory the Soviet Uni(m by the Uidted States Omtral Intelligence Agency with the knowledge and sanction of the Government and President of the United States. >

The trial showed that these spy-flights would have been impasible had the United States not ^ployed for aggressive purposes military bases and airfields on the territory of states bordering on the Soviet Uni<m. This includes the territory of Turkey, Iran. Pakistan and Norway ...

In the indictment of Frimcis O. Powers, the Soviet Government admits tluit these flights have been continuous:

"During Eisenhowers term as President of the United States, i.e., hegiiming with January 1953, the Soviet Union has made several protests to the U. 8. Government againrt the incursion of American planes inside the fronfiera of the U S.S.R,

"In assessing these incursions, the Soviet Gh^rtnment pointed out that 'these eiolatitms d the frontieni of the Soviet Union by American military aircraft are in pursuance of definite assign-m^ts of the American military <mmand. .

These planes smashed the Iron Chirtain and made Soviet secrecy valueless. Soviet Russia maintains espionage forces in the United States and they are coBstanUy being caught. S(ne are placed under arrest; some are deported. Some Americans were shocked that their own country was equally if not more efficient in its natlooal defense. The pro-Russians, of (x>urse, bleated that we had violated Russian rights aftbough they are silent when Russian spies are caught in this country or they (uganlze a committee to defend the Russian spy.

It is difticuit to understand Powers* conduct In this case. OU^TB have been engaged for their country in matters involving espionage. Usually when caught, they attempt to e<nnmit suicide. According to this Russian pamphlet, Powers did an awful lot of talldng for a man engaged in professicmal espionage.

The Powers case Is not yet completed. We have not heard the wtele American story. If the United States has actually finished the photographing of Soviet Russia and other secret areas o the world, a wonderful feat has been accomplished by our Intelligence forces and the men engaged in k should be praised. Two can play at espionage and we have been led to believe that the men in the Kremlin are so much smarter than our men. If we have smart men, too, lets give them a gold medal for it.

(Continued on page 5)

"The big breakthrough w^ need in the automotive industry is for the engineers to develop a family sedan that will run on the energy the kids release while fighting in the back seat. Vancouver (B.C.) Province.

Heres Why Air Fares To Rise

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS TRUE WEALTH

John Ruskln once remariced that there is no wealth but life. He declared that a country is rich which nourishes the greatest number of noble and happy human beings. Also he said, that the only rich man is one who having devek>ped his powers to the utmost has also "the widest helpful influence, both personal and by means of lus possessions, over the lives of others.

Our generation is the rU^est generation In human hwtory. There are all too many poverty-stricken people amongst us, yet compared with other age our age is fabulously wealthy. And we are a generation which thinks a great deal about wealth. Is It not time that we asked ourselves what wealth really is? Is it a large bank

taJance? Is It vasrt-ness of property interests? Is it a matter of stocks and bonds?

Every prominent thinker the world has ever known and every sensible man and woman today repudiates such an idea of wealth. Wealth does not consist in the things which we posses but In the things which possess us. True wealth is a matter of the inner heart. No matter what external conditions may indicate, the only truly rich person is the person whose heart is imdefiled, whase motives are piu*e, wha^ a.*!pirations are high, who-se spirit is self effacing.

Material values have their place but their place can never rightfully be first place.

Moral and spiritual values come first and must remain lust.

By ELMER ROESSNER

The long,, downward course of air passenger rates may be near an end. Ftom now on fares will rise.

The airlines have done a remarkable Job reducing fares over the last three decades. Planes and accommodations have constantly been improved while rates have constantly been lowered. This has been because airlines loved the public or wanted to encourage thrift; it has been because of their life-and-death struile with trains and buses.

Nor Is it because the airlines have taken the cream of the travel dollar away from compet-Itora that they are now about to nudge fares higher. The basic reason is that they are up against rising co.ts of doing business.

CATALOGUE OF HIGHER CHARGES

Here Is a rundown of reasons why plane-riding must cost more soon:

Capital costs: It is true that Jet planes largely offset higher cost with large capacity, quicker turn*arouJ,ids and more eco

nomical maintenance. But they also require higher capital investment, and capital costs money. Witness the dfficulty Howard Hughes has been having raising money for TWAs Jet fleet. And plane riders should not snicker at any airlines financial troubles because they, in the end, will meet the bills.

Airport fees: The costs of maintaining airports are r&ing with higher wage scales and thicker icing on the cake. London Airport Ismding fees are scheduled to rise a third on April 1 to meet higher costs there. Hhcher fees will be charged at many other world airports. And the increases have to be tucked Into the price of tickets. Set down at Idlewild Airport, New York, lately? Those magnificent buildings and sweeping vistas did not grow. They are being paid for by plane passengers. Thats true of expanding airports around the world.

Competition: The old-fashioned idea is that competition reduces prices. But in the modern economy, competition Increases prices, as can be shown by countless examples. One ex

ample Is in International airlines. When the airlines of one country want to serve a second country, the second country usr ually demands that it have rights to s<nYe the first country, too.

Coming into American , airports now are about twice as many foreign lines as traffic warrants. Because an American line wants to fly to Flddlestan. Piddlestan wants to fly a route to the United States-^and ii it hasnt got an airline, it rents planes and hires pilots. So a double, two-way service results and the rates bate to be raised to keep the Rouble services solvent.

International passenger rates are much higher than domestic rates, partly for that reason and partly because of the international cartel, which fix^ air rates.

A score of new nations have been formed In Uie last few years, and'each wUl soon be organizing its own airline and demanding exchange routes with the United States and other nations. The cost of keeping those duplU:atin and largely uoneces-

sary lines flying will eventually have to be tacked onto Intama-tlonai fares.

Other costs: AH oth<^ costs, notably wages and salaries, are nsing and mu^ be passed on to paasengew. These are very real, very big, and they will continue to rise in good times and bad.

So if youre thinking of ons of those cheap airborne vacations, dont delay too long I

.U.S. OGARETTE EXPORTS SHOW SHARP DROP

Sales of American cigarettes to foreign consignees dropped 6.5 per cent in the first nine months of ttis year, government figures show. *111 biggest losses were in sales to C^ba and Venezuela.

There were increases in sales to Gibraltar (our biggest customer). Hong Kong, Prance, Malaya, The Netherlands Antilles. Belgium, Luxembourg, Sweden, Italy, Peru, Australia, Panama, Bahrein and the United Kingdom. Ggarettes to the flnrt two destinations are largely re-exported. The rises here did not offset the d^op in Cuban and VenesueJan purchases.