PAGE FOURFHE DAK.Y REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C.

fuetday, Decamber 6, 1960

Tuesday, December 6, 1960

Thanks For The Lift, Sam-

New Challenge All Over The World

In international affairs naw frontiers are rapidly opening for the United States, and in each case they offer a challenge which must be accepted if this nation is to continue in its role of world leadership.

The challenge itself is two-fold in that the United States, if it is to be the leader of the world not only must put itself in the positive position of leadership, but it must likewise compete with the Soviet Union for the respect and friendship of emerging nations.

It should not be surprising, therefore, that the Kennedy administration, even in its formative stages, appears to be adopting new approaches to international relations, and certainly it is pointing to a shift in emphasis in terms of U.S. attention to certain areas of the globe.

During the coming four years \ve may well expect to see Africa and Latin America become focal points of primary concern for the U.S. Department of State! Indeed, these areas already have become points of grave concern, but uiifortunately the attention given them in recent years has not been nearly as great as the current situation seems to have justified.

Tradition Anc. Our Flexibility

By LYNN NISBET

CONTINUITY vs. CHANGE-The strength o North Carolina, both in economics and government. is due in almost equal proportions to its adherence to established practices and its ability to adapt to changing conditions. There has been continuity of progress in education, for example, from the turn of the century until now. There hasnt been a year that public roads were not better than they had been the year before. Each succeeding administration built on the foundations laid by those which had gone before And yet each new Governor, or for that matter every new chief of a department or division of State government, brought something new-some change that he thought would be better Some of these changes have been expensive and of questionable real value Others have proven to be very wise and progressive.

When Governor Scott came into office 12 years ago he had some unkind things to say about the way his predecessors had discriminated against the rural areas and people in the state. He attempted to correct that situation by putting emphasis many folks thought undue emphasis on county roads, rural electrification, etc. But the net result of his administration was overall state progress.

When Governor Hodge^ came into ofce he was caustic in crit-icLsm of the way manufacturing nd industrial development had been ignored. He threw the weight of his administration to correct that discrepancy. Again many people felt he was overdoing the thing, but also again the net result was overall state progress

PLANNIINGBecause government 15 continuous every chief executive has worked out long range plans for the effectuation of his ideas. And because government is constantly changing every new executive throws a lot of that planning into the discardand suggest plans gf his own.

Way back In the 1929-33 period then Governor Gardner promoted a thorough study of the organization of Stale government by the Brookings Institute at Washington. His administration ended before the findings and recommendations could be put Into effect although many of them were effectuated 15 to 20 years later).

Governor Ehringhaus in the early thirties obtained funds for a study of the mental hospital situation. The voluminous reports of the study group were sidetracked by Governor Hoey, who had his own projects to fur-b. ther. But In the early 1940s most of the mental hospital findings were translated into action under Governor Broughton.

and carried on by his successors with result that North Carolina now has one of the best mental hospital systems in the country.

Nearly every governor since Locke Craig, who established the first statewide highway commission, has made changes in that set-up some minor, some radical in effect. Many people have forgotten that it was Governor Walter Bickett who brought Prank Page in as chairman of the highway commission, although his engineering genius was not manifested until the Morrison administration obtained money for road building.

In the transition period from the administrations of Governor Cherry to Governor Scott in 1948-49 private funds were obtained for an exhaustive study of the county road system which was supervised by qthe late Charles Ross. Results of that survey entered materially into allocation of bond funds for secondary roads authorized by the 1949 Legislature and voted by the people.

SURVEYS-The highway commission appointed by Governor William Umstead in 1953 employed an internationally famed engineering firm to make a survey- of long range highway needs, for which they paid $40.-000, When Governor Hodges came into office he didn't like that progiam and set up an entirely different type organization. The Hodges group devoted most of three years to working out another 15-year-plan for highway development.

Last week in a speech prepared by Governor - elect Teny Sanford and delivered by an associate to an Eastern North Carolina group, the incoming Governor said We are going to reexamine ver> carefully the highway commissions 15-year plan; that document is not a bible, and was not intended to be one. The incoming Governor has further indicated he will make substantial changes in the highway organizational structure. The extent of revision has not been announced.

One thing seems certain: Whatever progress in public education will own something directly to every administration since Aycocks and indirectly to every one for half a century before that.

If it seems at times that there is undue waste in changing policies every four years there is confort in the ancient philosophic cliche that change in itself does not mean progress.

there can be no progress without change. The New Deal, the New Frontier and the New Day are new only in the method of approach, not in basic idealism.

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Africa, the dark continent which is suddenly becoming an area of new nations, will hardly emerge as a community of nations that stand* a neutral position aloof from both the Western and the Communist blocs. As the new nations emerge in Africa, they will be drawn into the community of free nations, or they will quickly fall into orbit about the Soviet empire. It is an area of the globe that in the span of a few years has changed from one of secondary importance so far as international affairs are concerned, to one of significant import.

It is also apparent tliat the United States is now seeing its leadership and friendship with the nations of it- own hemisphere being challenged by the Communist world. This area, which too many administrations have regarded with considerable interest but little attention likewise must become a matter of high priority if the free world is net to suffer serious communist inroads.

While changing conditions throughout the world necessitate a great deal more attention upon these two areas, the United jStates likewise faces the problem of providing that attention, and the aid that will be needed without jeopardizing triendships it has built in Europe, Asia and other areas, of the globe that have received the lionas share of attention and financial assistance during the past two decades.

New approaches w-ill have to be made in international affairs because of the new conditions which exist in the world. New stepsoften a departure from past pra dices and points of emphasiswill have to be taken in order to cope with new conditions.

Urvless the Kennedy administration is prepared to offer the nationand ^he free w^orldcapable and sound leadership in this field, the prestige of the United States in the world will decline seriously, and wdth it will also decline the world leadership that is being afforded by the free nations.

Tempo Of Activity Is By alvin taylob Rapidly Increasing

With Thanksgiving far behind and the calendar clicking off in rapid succession the number of shopping days left until Christmas, the tempo of activity in every phase of community life seems to increase.

The number of shoppers in the business district increase noticeably. Automobiles form long lines that creep through the streets as shoppers look for increasingly scarce parking places on the main drag before deciding its not so bad to park a block away and walk.

Around the house the kids are getting keyed up about the approach of the Christmas. While adults face the problems of what to give Aunt Minnie and Uncle Joe for Christmas, the youngsters spend considerable time making up their minds about what to ask of Old Saint Nick. Carefully prepared budgets of Chri.stmas expenditures get out of hand early in the annual shopping spree, and time set.aside for shopping and getting ready for the holiday season also gets away without getting done everything planned for the past w'eek.

The rush to avoid the last-.ninute rush never quite .seems to work itself out, and the last-minute rush still lie before us at the last minute.

From now on the days will get busier, the time element more pressing and the problem of getting everything done more hectic. But dont worry about it. !Most of us usually get everything done that has to be done by Chri.stmas Eve ... in spite of the fact that from three weeks away the task look insurmountable.

'i^evolutions For jQtin America

istening At Long Range

Amazing conversation.s xre to be heard on the little five-watt citizen band two-way radios which the Federal Communications Commission is now authorizing for business uses.

The sets are designed for tran.smissious of five or at the ,most, ten miles' making them suitable for firms witli vehicles operating in a localized area.

But the waves sent out by the sets have an ability to skip for great distances at time allowing receiver owners a thousand miles away to hear the otherwise local conver.sation.s.

Thus it was that Bill Taylor of Lakewood Pines heard an

extraordinary call for help Sunday afternoon. Taylor, who recently acquired several units for use in his moving business, was tuning in various channels that day.

Suddenly the call of a CB operator in Golden, Colo, came over Taylors receiver. The Colorado operator reported that he had picked up an emergency call from a family trapped on a mountain highway six miles west of Golden. The speaker, whose call letters were 15W, said he had received the call on channel 13 but he was not able to transmit on this particular channel. So he was looking for

Other Editors Saying US. Goals And The Cost

By WILLIAM L. RYA.N Associated Pre* News Analyst The rash of demonstrations, political strikes, uprisings and pocket-sized revolutions which plagued Latin America in recent weeks can be viewed as just a series of fairly mild curtain-raisers for what is yet to come.

Castroismor, as the Latins call it. Fidelismois the front. anti-Yankeeism is the rallying cry and communism often is the directing force for a steadily increasing threat to the established regimes of Latin America.

In the past six weeks Latin America has seen an upheaval in El Salvador, short-lived revolutions in Nicaragua and Guatemala. strike threats in Chile, Brazil and other countries, an uprising in Argentina, rioting and violence against the government of Venezuela and violent unrest in Bolivia.

Not all these things .stem from the same forces or causes, but all are useful to the Castro-Communist alliance in its effort to keep the whole continent nervous and off balance.

Rioting by Castro sunporters broke out in El Salvador late in October, in advance of an army coup which ousted Pre.si-dent Jose Maria Lemus The final result is yet to be assessed. There may be considerable Castro influence in the Central American nation, but it has not yet seemed to be a dominating factor In the junta which has taken over.

Castro and Communist influence may have been strong in revolts which hit Guatemala and Nicaragua in mid-November,

In Guatemala, a group of military officers tried to overthrow President Miguel Ydigoras. but the government said it raptured all but a bandful of rebels In Nicaragua, troops loyal to President Luis .Somoza routed a rebel force which the government said had both Ca.stroitt and Communist barking Such events led President Elsenhower to order the U.S. Navy and Air Force to patrol the Guatemalan and Nlearaguan eoast.^ to prevent Castro-Communist invasions The recent uprising in Argentina was laid to supporters of exiled dictator Juan U Peron but the Peroni.'^tas have been vioocd iH-r-istrntly liotli by the Castroiles and the Cominumsts While the uprising has been put

down for the time being, President Arturo Frondizi remains in danger.

Strong Castro and Communist influence is evident in the rioting against the Romulo Betancourt government of Venezuela and in the unrest in countries such as Bolivia and Colombia. In Chile, leftist labor force* are posing a rising threat to the nations attempts at stability.

Castroism and communism feed on poverty, corruption within established regimes, frustration of a generation of university students unable to find outlets for their talent* and a number of other factors. These mclude a deep-rooted sense of outrage among the young intellectuals at the history of U. S. activities in Latin America. Their feeling Ls that the North Americans exploited Latin America and hindered Its development.

The uprising.s, revolts and riots are only symptons of what is to come. Cuba now is a base for fomenting revolution, and a .source of a constant stream of Communist-oriented agents into Latin-American countries, bent upon creating chaos wherever possible.

If Castro and the Communists have their way, revolution will spread through Latin America io 1961 like a prairie fire.

use

Christmas ^eals ZZ

protect

^oun

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

President Eisenhowers Commission on National Goals has stirred much comment around the country. Some of the comment was critical, some supported the report wholeheartedly as being just what the doctor ordered for a lagging society. The report dealt with problems requiring long-range attention during the Sixties. Mostly it could be boiled down to one item; growth for the U. S.

One thing was definite about the commissions report. To implement its proposals there had to be lots of money available from some source because it was obviou.s the program would cost billions of dollars. In return, what would we be getting in the way of investment for the future welfare of the country?

Some of the proposals dealt with the military, education and the economy. A secure deterrent was called for against Soviet aggression and Red Chinas obvious hostilitv toward the U. S. Thus, military costs must rise to meet the broadened requirements of the defense setup.

In conjunction with military strength to combat evil forces, foreign aid must be increased in the continuing cold war with communism. U.S. investment, public and private, in the undeveloped countries must rise from the 1960 rate of $3-4 billion a year to as much as $5.5 billion within five ye->rs.

And turning to the domestic front, there is the question of city decay. This calls for urban renewal 'ro^'rems co^ng fts much as $4 billion a year. Presumably this means combined federal, state and local spending. If so, the new figure means at least double the total spending of the three levels of government.

Overall spending for education must be doubled in 10 years, ac-

ccwding to the commissions report. The state, local and federal government share by 1970 would be $33 billion. More federal aid to higher education, direct grants for school systems to lower-income atates and matching funds for richer states as well as higher teacher salaries, all will add up to even more billions.

And federal and state loans tp help depression-ridden cities and towns build up their ,pay-roUs and to provide retaining for workers who are replaced by automation will be required. Much - increased retirement of farm land, with emphasis on whole farms presumably by public purchase of the land, would be proposed.

More govenunent money for new medical facilities, training of doctors and scholarships for medical students will be needed, along with the strengthening of U. S. information activities overseas. Of course, one wants to know; wheres the money coming from, if we are to embark on this ambitious but much-needed program?

The bipartisan commission answered this question by saying that taxes would probably have to be Increased. It bolls down to the question of whether we really want this program enough to pay for it. But can a free economy stand even higher taxes? The commission thinks so, if national production reaches the prescribed level, which presumes a rise of 3.4 per cent a year.

Whether the tax rate goes down or up or stay the same, the report says a substantial reform of the tax systems is essential both to capture revenues which now escape the tax collector. and to give incentive for the launching and expansion of job-producing enterprises and new industries.

A club is currently being organized locally for local Citizen Band operators. Ill discuss this amazing new field of two way communication further in a future coliunn.

Opinions In Briei

*Tf you listen to the food faddists, who have sprouted like weeds in recent years, you wont be able to eat anything thats appetizing More important, as nutritionists are pointing out, food faddism can be a major menace to health, both physical and mental.Industrial News Review,

Sometimes we get the feeling that in this nation there are more solutions to the farm problem than there are farmers. North Vernon (Ind.) Sun.

a CB operator with a channel 13 crystal.

Taylor couldnt transmit on 13 but he also could receive on it. So he switched to it and. In what he describes as a one in a thousand chance, he picked up the emergency caJl.

He said he had five jeeps wiUi women and children, Taylor declared. They were snowbound and he said they would appreciate anybody receiving him calling the Colorado Highway Patrol or the State Highway Department.

The man, who gave his caU letters as 16W, reported he was six miles west of Golden.

Taylor said he stayed tuned into the chaxmel for about an hour and he heard other operators in that area talking about the situation.

Another call came from the marooned party.

He said he could see the snow plow coming, Taylor .said. Finally he said the snow plow had reached them. He transmitted this message two or three times. That ended the far-off drama but the citizens band radio saved this fam^y from what might have been serious consequences.

Taylor looked up the 16W call letters listed by the emergency caller. He identiiied him as Wesley T. Kinne, 1163 Inger-son Rd., St, Paul, Minn.

Taylor said that normally FCC regulations forbid a CB operator from answering such a skip call which comes from outside his authorized area.

However, if Taylor had had a channel 13 crystal he could have legally responded in this case because 9f the emergency nature of the' call.

System

Once

Worked.

By GEORGE E. SOKOLMKY

Copyright, 1980, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Believe it or not, I actually rceived a letter asking these two questions:

(1) For example, in New York State, are the electors chosen by one of our high State executives or are they voted for. or picked, by a special board or con^ittee within the State set-up: in short, who

creates these electors for their Important duty following a Presidential election?

(2) While New York State has,- or had, 45 votes in the Electoral College, does that mean, since you say. , .(the electors) are committed in most States to the candidate nominated by their Party, there are 45 electors from the Democratic Party and an equal number of electors from the Republican Party? I Just cant visualize, however these electors are committed, Democratic elwtors voting for a Republican candidate and vice versa. Would you please clarify that point for me?

The letter Is grammatically prepared. The stationery iis good, I have the feeling that its author has voted for more than one President. Yet note the questions!

Until recently in this mans state, the electors names appeared on the ballot, as they should. This year, they did not appear on the voting machines. It is therefore understandable that many persons who thought that they were voting for Nixon or Kennedy did not know that they were not voting for Nixon or Kennedy. No one in the United States has yet voted for either Nixon or Kennedy for President.

The electors in each stats are nominated by each party in accordance with each states law. The Federal Government has no say in the matter at all unless it is proved that an elector is bribed for his vote, which in most states is quite impossible because he must vote for the candidate to whom he is pledged. Thus the elector is practically a useless supernumerary who, in these days, only clogs the machinery of election and creates confusion. The Electoral College ought to be abolished now 50 that In the 1964 election, this system shall by law be discarded.

I do not know how to make this curious system, devised when most Americans were illiterate, more understandable. It may be difficult in these days to grasp that the fathers of the country feared a revolutionary mass. Those who wrote the Constitution were men of broad education. They were worried that they would not be able to form a government and that the one they did form would collapse unless educated men stood between the government and the masses. What is In 1960 called democracy was abhorrent to many of them.

Were they unsound? Today we are supposed to have a high incidence of education. We have a vast school and college system that takes care of an enormous number of young people. Everybody is supposed to be able to read and write. But I continue to receive a large mail asking simple questions about how we govern ourselves, questions which should be answered in the eighth grade of the elementary school. There .seems to be a lessening relationship of the citizen and his government.

Some even refer to the President as though he were the government of the United States, which, of course, he Is not. as Congress and the Supreme Court have, on man,v opasion# proven to a President, Roosevelts attempt to pack the Supreme Court being a recent example. This country has survived through many difficulties because the people chose and controlled their governments. No one was ever too big not to have to submit to public censure; no one was ever too great to put himself above the people. With remarkable fore.sight tho Founding Fathers made tenure in office comparatively short for elected offlcers-~ix years for a Senator, four years for a President, two years for a Representativeso that no one might get a notion that he was almighty and indispensable.

This system has worked out pretty well. It used to be that United State* Senators were elected by State Legislatures, but that was changed by the 17th Amendment. Now we ntsd (Continued on page five)

Working To Save Gold Supply

By ELMER ROKSShER Theres no doubt that John F. Kennedy is now working on a program to conserve the United States gold supply. He must surely know that unless he doe* he will go down the drain with the rest of us in the most exciting national bankruptcy in history, Collap.se of our monetary system could send the Free World tobogganing to communism.

There Is no magic solution, no single solvent to the gold

problem. It must be handled with small actions, each in

balance, each a part of the whole.

WHAT MAY BE DONE Here are some of the factors that may constitute parts of

what will become Mr. Kennedys plan;

1. A tougher buy-American policy. Sjnci! the end of the w'ar, the government has encouraged Federal and private organiza

tions to buy abroad to help

restore the economies of our alHes. This policy has lost American gold holdings. By buying less abroad and more at home we can reduce the outflow.

2, Higher tariffs. These, by re.strictlng the inflow of goods, can leslrict the outflow of gold-HLitoricaIly. the Republican Party has been known as the high tariff party; now we may see the Democrats championing higher tariffs. As predicted, legislation w'lll probably reduce the tarriff-free goods travelers may bring in.

OTHER MEASURES

3. Cutting military and PX spending abroad. PXs may .soon become better markets for American goods.

4 Reducing the amounts servicemen overseas spend overseas, by further reducing the number of dependents abroad and limitint' amounts that may be spent off posts.

5. Developing a new policy on investments abroad. It may

still be wise to encourage investments in have-not countries, but investments In other nations may be discouraged.

B. Change tax laws to require the repatriation of money earned abroad.

7. Encourage more travel to the United States,

8. Dam leak.s in foreign aid Goods given in aid drains no gold but money spent abroad for aid, including pay for shipping in foreign bottoms, could mean gold losses.

9. Insist on mors aid to have-not countries by prosperous allies.

10. Insist on larger participation in NATO expense.s by other members.

There are three other steps, one of which will probably not be taken, and two of which certainly will not be coiusidered. The first is limitation of aniuuiiUi Uavelers may take abroad. The other two are devaluation of the dollar and em

bargoing the export of gold.

In fact, the one best way to halt the outflow of gold is to convince the world that there will be neither devaluation nor embargo. Once the world is convinced of that, there will be little reason for foreign nation* to demand gold for the American dollars they hold.

SURVEY SHOWS EMPLOYEES LIKE THE WATCH BIT

The watch for a retlriag employeelong a topic for ggg-ateri and cartoonists is really appreciated, according to ah independent survey made fer Hamilton Watch. In fact, 76 per cent approved service awards, and 56 specified watches.

THIS MAY BECOME A UNION DEMAND

A Grand Rapids, Mich., auto dealer purchased a 39 - foot pleasuie cruiser for use by hi* employees and named the craft Fringe