THE DAILY REFLECTOR. GREENVILLE. N. C.

Saturdajr. Decamlier 3. I960

Saturday, December S, 1960

Lookin' Fer Me, Young Feller?

Protected By Compulsory Insurance

North Carolina's compulsory motor vehicle liability insurance law^regardless of the criticism leveled at it over these past few yearshas afforded citizens of the state a greater degree of protection than they have ever before had on the highways.

To deny the people of the state the protection of this law and revert to the situation which existed prior to the enactment of the law is unthinkable.

\ It is no secret that insurance companies operating in North Carolina have fought against the law since it was proposed by Walter Jones of Farmville several years ago. The companies are continuing to^ fight for repeal of the legislation, using as their principal basis for argument the assertion that insurance claims are causing the companies to lose money and further that over the long run continuation of the law will sharply increase the cost of liability insurance for every motor vehicle in North Carolina.

On the other hand, the law has been effective in providing protection for people who suffer injuries or property damage from vehicles operated by others. Prior to enactment of the law, many individuals who owned or operated motor vehicles in the state were not financially responsible for losses caused by the vehicles. Many of those w^ho suffered injuries or property losses found it impossible to recover from per-

Those Electors Are Indeoendent

By LYNN NISBET BIO TALK The boast, or ttireat, made by Governor William Stratton of Illinois that he would withhold the electoral vote of that state if he was eonvinced of crookedness in the Chicago count, sounds big but doesnt mean anything. Same goes (O' the threat of acon by the Governor and legislature of to withhold the electoral votca of that state.

The presidential electors are (mstitutitmal officers under the CMkstitution the United States, arc entirely independent of State executive, legislative or judicial interference.

Articl n of the original Federal constitution and the 12th amendment outlines detailed pro-eedurt for the casting and re-pwting votes by the electors of the several states. After meetr lug and casting their ballots for a President and Vice President, they shall make lists of the results which lists they shall * sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, .to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the president of the Senate, who shall open them in imesence of a joint session of Congress snd announce the result.

Each elector may vote for whomever he pleases, regardless of how the people of his state voted in the election. Omc having voted he must sign the list and see that it is fwrwarded to the president of the Senate at Washington. In many iz>-atances such care is exercised a special messenger is appointed to deliver the lists, not trusting the mails or public transportation facilities. The important point is that nobody has any authority over the electoral otes except the electors, and they cannot postpone voting and reporting without positive violation of the constitution. fTATUTES - There may be ' diverse and varying statut(UT proTisiODs in different states as to the method of nominating and electing the preudential lectors, but the F^eral con-stttutlmi requires that the c<m-cress may determine the time of their election and the date upon which they shall cast their otea for President, which day Shan be the same throughout the United States.

In North Carolina the statutes do not require the names of electora to be printed on the ballot, only the names of the candidates for President and Vice President of the parties recognized by law. A vote for such candidates is construed as a ote for the electors of the

party nominating them., whose election shall be certified by the state board of elections to the Secretary of State and by him to the Governor. Then the Governor must issue a proclamation naming the electors so certified and "warning them to attend the meeting in Raleigh on December 19. Governor Hodges issued that proclamation on November 30.

Other states may have different procedures, but none can go beyond or behind the United States constitution which requires compliance with legislation that the electors meet in their respective State capital cities on the first Monday after the third Wednesday following their election. This year that will be December 19, Nor can any ^te by le^lation or executive Mxler inferiere with the electors exercising their duty to cast their votes on that day and transmit the report directly to the President of the Senate at Washington.

Some governors might like to hp /e that dictatorial power, but they just dont have it and cant exercise it.

BATTLESHIP Governor Hodges told ne^fsm^n. at his latest meeting with theKthat he feels sure the State Vill acquire the battleship fWrth Carolina to be permanently installed somewhere along Hhe coast as a historic attracUon and a memorial to service men in aH wars, particularly tgose who have served in tbe na^

Members of the committee which he appointed to handle the acquisition split Into two secuans this week. One group went to Bayonne, N.J., where the vessel is in moth balls, to inspect it and ascertain cost and fffocedure of moving it to North Carolina. The other group went to Houston. Texas, to see how the battleship Texas is being operated there as a historic attraction. Neither of these investigations will cost the taxpayers a dime, and the Governor said he feels the whole project can be handled without public money. Popular response has been such that prtvate funds seem assured to pay for the investigation, acquisition of the vessel and a permanent site for it, and for its installation. From there out experience with the Texas indicates that very mode^ admission fees will carry the load for operating the vessel as a museum.

Legislation may be required to establish a commission to handle the battleship somewhat similar to the operation of Tryon Palace.

sons who were at fault in the accidents.

Since the compulsory liability nsurance law has been in effect, the number of such cases has decreased sharply. People using the highways are afforded greater protection against losses, and at the same time, automotive liability insurance rates have been -held within reasonable bounds.

The compulsory liability insurance law of North Carolina should not be repealed at the behest of insurance companies who have been against it since its inception. The protection afforded the people of North Carolina should not be junked when obviously the need for such protection continues.

If there are logical revisions which should be made to the original act, certainly they could be considered by the 1961 legislature. If there are alternate methods of affording protection for the people who use the state's highways, these should be considered also. But under ncf circumstances should the law which has meant so much to the people of the state be repealed unless a better one is enacted to take its place.

Research Triangle Is Rapidly Growing Asset

It w^as just a few years ago that North Carolinas Research Triangle w^as just an idea of Gov. Hodges to create a research center for industry that would enable private enterprise to make use of research facilities at the three major educational institutional of the state.

Today North Carolinas Research Triangle has gained nation-wide attention, it has attracted research departments from several of the nations major industrial firms and its growth potential increases with each new firm that moves into the area.

Just this week it was announced that still another firmthis one from Californihhas chosen the Research Triangle for the site of an advanced research laboratory. The Triangle has moved out of the realm of a dream and has become in North Carolina a genuine asset, not only to industrial research, but to the industrial and economic development of the state.

Based on the progress made since the founding of the Research Triangle project, there is every reason to believe it will become the major industrial research center of the South, and certainly one of the more important centers of its kind in the nation. As the research center of the state grows we can also expect the economic potential through industrial development to grow.

In the states Research Triangle, we have another example of what forward-looking leadership can provide to an area, even though at the outset many may scoff an idea as impractical or too far ahead of its time.

College

ihe

By HENKY HOWARD

Contemplating Frenzy

Somebody wsus wondering aloudperhaps slightly too loud last night, Whats this world of ours coming to?

Now this particular person, as rational as you or anybody else, was wondering and wandering along lines fanndliar, to one degree or another, to most of our populace.

Many, and probably a very high percentage, of us find ourselves pausing not infrequently for a fleeting moment here and there to wonder haphazardly.

Where are we headed in such a rushd. . . and just how fast? As each of us will realize when we find the time to combine two or even three fleeting moments into a single brief period of straight thinking, the current trio or so of living generations is n^erely struggling to carry on the age-old battle.

But, we say, What battle must we continue to struggle with? Actually, we (none of usi are really quite unqualified to describe what battle is being

Other Editors Saying ...

Attention Given

Critical Africa

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Ev-ery Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD. Publisher

tetcred at Post Office, Greenville. N C,, as second class mall matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns) Week 30c

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 35c

BY MAIL, Payable In Advance

Oreenvllle Post Office. Pitt County, RobersonvHle, Vanceboro, Washington and Chocowinlty

Three Months ........................... I 8.78

Six Months .............................. 7.00

One Year .......... 13 00

Nwth Carolina (other than listed above)

Three Months ........................... $ 4.00

Six Months .............................. 7^

One Year ............................. 14 00

All pther Outside North Carolina

Three Months ......................... I 4.28

Six Months ......... 8 00 ,

One Year .................. 18.00

MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS nie Associated Press is exclusively entitled to use for publication all news dlsatches credited to It or not otherwise credited to this paper and also the local news i:niblished herein. All tights of puUlcation of special dispatches here are also reserved.

NA'nONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES Thoma.s P. Clark Co., Inc New York, Chicago. Atlanta. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation.

All advertising oopy must be received at least one day before publication date.

By WILLIAM L. RYAN Associated Press News Analyst

President-elect John F. Kennedy focused national attention at a critical moment upon the battle ahead in Africa.

His appointment of Michigan Gov. G. Mennen Williams as assistant secretary of state for Africa comes amid indications from the huge continent that the Congo situation has aroused fear and suspicion of Communist intentions. This is detectable even among leaders who consider themselves leftist and who are loud m their condemnation of the West.

If this is so. there is a chance that black Africa soon will simmer down, at least sufficiently to give its leaders a chance to assess cautiously what may lie ahead.

This by no means softens the warning by Sen. Kennedy that the fate of Africa, which is now the object of a giant Cord-munist offensive, will affect vitally the .security of every citizen of the United States. There is no easy solution in store for black Africas problems. It wl remain the arena for a grim cold war struggle.

But it will be important for Americans if African leaders realize that there is more than one kind of outside domination. The Africans are familiar with the sort which came from Europe and which has just about been consigned forever to history. Africans have had no experience with modern Commu-ntst colonialism which surrenders none of the vast territories it has conquered.

The Congo remains a key to Africas immediate future There IS little hope for stability while superimpatient African leaders look upon Red interference in the Congo as an instrument to further their own ambitions.

But Westerners who know Africa say what has been going on among Its new nations ha.s been a sort of flexing of mn.scles in a contest to determine which

will merge as the leading influence in the continent.

Probably, in the long run, neither Ghana nor Guinea, which seem to be in the forefront of that contest, will be strong enough to occupy the role. The emergence of Nigeria is among factors working against the pretensions of the other two to leadership. Indeed, Nigeria can turn out to be, eventually, a significant force for stability in African politics.

Undoubtedly most young African leaders are impatient to erase all traces of European colonialism. Britain and Prance, the major colonial powers, aware that the old sort of imperialism is dead, have been seeking to bridge the colonial era and independence.

Moscow wants no such bridge. Immediate independence for all dependent areas would suit Moscows purposes, since it would foretoken chaos, confusion and rivalries.

Africans may be tumbling to this. One indication is a recent Asian-African resolution in the U. N, which though it seeks the end of colonialism, makes its demand read quick steps toward independence. The word toward suggests Africans. too, see a need for a bridge, in the light of the Congo experience. The resolution probably jolted Moscow.

Whatever rival muscle-flexing is going on in Africa, whatever designs leaders like Sekou Toure of Guinea or Kwame Nkrumah . of Ghana may have had in the Congo, there seems a hint now that they look upon all this as an African affair and not the business of a gigantic Soviet power thousands of miles avay.

This can suggest to the Kennedy admini.stration that the pattern.s of African development are far from frozen and that there Is reason to hope the continents leaders will attempt to find their own way, independent of outside domination.

(Wilson Times)

One of the controversial points in the presidential campaign just closed was federal aid to education. The difference in the planks or positions of the two candidates was the course tbe aid would take. Both candidates favored federal aid for education. \

Senator \Kennedy -favors federal ajd' education Including teachers salary. Vice-President Nixon favors federal aid to education for school construction thus releasing local funds for teachers salaries. The difference is in the teachers salary iffo-vision. The fear here is federal control.

Now the national goals for education are out and these come from the Commission appointed by President Eisenhower on national goals. Again the commentators emphasize the federal participation. And again we will quote the exact content of the report. It needs no interpretation.

The main point we do want to stress is what the report emphasizes- This is that EMu-caUon is primarily a responsibility of the states. They have delegated responsibility for publis elementary and secondary education to local authorities and have chartered colleges and universities. This is the firmly established pattern, it can' be made to iimction satisfactorily to meet the needs of our vast and diverse nation.

This last sentence is all important for it stresses the success of local authority. The black print says that education at every level and in every discipline be strengthened and its effectiveness enhanced. Greater resources, private, corporate, municipal, state and federal must be mobilized.

A higher proportion of the national product must be devoted to education. By 1970 expenditures should be approximately

$40 billion, double the 1960 figre. This is taken from the report.

Most of these funds must continue to come from state and local governments, tuition, payments and gifts. State and local appropriations have more than doubled since 1950. The federal role must be expanded. All this is picked up, word for word from the report.

Federal aid to higher education must include increased scholarship and loan funds, support of research and direct assistance for buildings and equipment

The federal government should supplement state funds where per capita income is too low to maintain an adequate school program. It should also oHer matching grants for educational purposes to be determined by the states.

Since tie Northwest Ordinance of 1787 the federal government has participated in the support of education without destroying local initiative and responsibility. In the future those values should still be safeguarded.

There is nothing In the entire context that advocates a change in the present pattern of local and state control.

The report advocates consolidation of small and inefficient school districts, strengthening the local school boards, increased teachers salaries and two year colleges within commuting distance of the majority of high school graduates.

But again the report says The local school district remains the key to good public education. "There is no shifting of the responsibility of management or financing in this program. Read the statement on federal aid to higher education. It goes to scholarships, buildings and equipment.

Clearly the goal is to bring every state nearer the present

waged. All we can ssy is that the tempo of the worlds activities has continued to increase with each new generation.

"But, we say again, why must the activity of our everyday lives be increased to such a frenzied pace.

"Well, some masterminds will readily inform Inquisitors with such questions, "situations like this are inevitable; its a natural thing with the population increasing by leaps and bounds the way it does. People just have to scramble to survive.

Others will say the pace Is not really so frenzied at allits just some kind of blanket psychosis or neurosis were obsessed with that makes us feel rushed. 'The problem, this particular school will say, will begin to correct it-<Continued on page six)

Riblic Forum

TO THE EDITOR:

Should we,,deny our youth the right to retain buildings, which house the history of our city, and which echo the footsteps your local ancestors treading many weary miles trying to preserve our inalienable rights?

Should we tear down such a building which is not only dated by tradition and beautiful, but lends dignity and respect to all who survey it and build another with green timber and modem architecture to please" those that believe that the new is all important regardless of waste and expense?

The building I am describing is our beloved courthouse, which in my humble opinion should be kept intact and cherished as a landmark for future generations.

We fill our museums full of relics from the past and tear down the historical structures of our cities which should continue to stand and house the memoirs of our past generations.

Mrs. Julia Brown Kachmer Greenville

+ +) +

standard of the bMt, The money for riqancing the goals must come Imainly from state and local revenue. The report proposes only\ federal supplemental funds to states whose per capita incomk is Inadequate and to other staiM on a per matching basis. The report grudgingly recognjzcs the role and responslbiltfs of the federal government and when it does recognize it, sees it on)/ as a last resort.

This is quite different from the interpretation given you by some of the so called news analysts. That Is why it is all important for us to dig for the truth.

h uture

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT

Copyright, 1960. King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The Insiders Newsletter. a knowledgeable publication, says: Educat(n:s who are accustomed to thinking in terms of college teachers and classroom shortages, are apprehensive about a recent study showing that within the next decade, the proportion of youngsters who desire a college education may actually begin to decline. The two reasons: 1. Having a college education is no longer the prestige symbol it used to be now that 50 many more people are getting them, while 2. Skilled labor is beginning to pay off as well if not better than many jobs requiring degrees, and a growing number of people are coming to recognize this fact The A.B. (Jegree has lost prestige because there are too many college in the United States whose standards are too low both for entrance and for graduation. The result is that persons own an A.B. degree and some even a Phi Beta Kappa key who are altogether lacking in the cultural attainments of a European high school graduate. It is true that many such persons ridicule what they call the Ivy League liniversities, but this can be said for the latter that a graduate from one of them is likely to speak grammatical English; he is undoubte<^y aware of the vast accumulation of human knowledge running back through the past eight or ten thousand years; he is likely to know something about science. He will know at least one ancient and one foreign language apart from his own Eng-ligh wWch will not be as rough when he graduates as when he matriculated.

In all European countries, a university exists for only one purpose, learning. No one goes to a European university because it is fashionable or because it is possible to make a better marriage, or b^ause one must be at school or be a delinquent. or because he wants to learn to play the saxophone or to be a drum major. There are other places where these advantages may be attained; the university is for learning and for nothing else. No A, summa cum laude student is kept back because he has not passed gym. It is acknowledged that many learned persons do not care about gym.

Our brighter students realize that aU colleges are not alike. They battle to get into the good ones. They recognize that an A average is httW! to get but there arc students who make it and they get Into the colleges of their first choice.

Mere attendance at, a college does not pay off. Ten years later the student who got through with a gentlemans C, taking snap courses, may discover that his undisciplined mind does not serve him in these tough times. For a young person, these are very tough times. Take for instance a law student who does not make the Law Reviews, whose standing in his class is below the top 25, what are the possibilities for him? He Is not likely to get into a distinguished law firm. He probably can get a job in government service but he will not be practicing law; he will be doing clerical work in an administrative agency. He might hang out a shingle and practice solo.

The same difficulties face the young doctor who does not graduate with distinction. His opportunities far internship and residence in outstanding hospitals and association with outstanding physicians and surgeons are limited. The A students are at a premium. Everybody seeks them.

In the teaching professions, this is not quite the same because there are varieties of opportunities, from teaching in colleges and universities to kin-dergartening. Colleges and universities can no longer afford to give teaching positions to those who are definitely not suited for scholarship. The teacher who is one bone ahead of his class will only too soon be shown up by the bright students who are unwilling, in these competitive times, to waste their days with a dopey teadher.

An institution of learning is not a log of ivy-covered buildings nor does it matter whether its football team amounts to (Continued on pagt six)

Revolution In The Ad Fielc.

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS WATCH THOSE MOODS It is a dreadful thing if we become prisoners of our moods. We can have happy moods, and generous moods. Also we can have moods that are deeply melancholy, moods filled with a gnawing sense of injustice and injurymoods aflame with re-.entment, hot anger, and the resolution to get even for some wrong done us.

When people find themselves in a continual state of dejection they would do well to consult a physician. Such moods may arise from wrong mental attitudes and patterns of thought. Even more often melancholy moods have their basis in some physical dtsor(^r. If we all ale properly, got sufficient sleep, and carefully watched the habits of our living, most of our melan

choly would disappear.

Sometimes we are depressed about certain situations. Some of these situations can and .should be changed, and If (his is the case we should lose no time in changing them. There are other situations in our lives which cannot be changed God does not intend u.s to endure these situations in a sullen spirit, but to rise triumphant above them. If there is some .*;ituation in your life which makes you very unhappy and which cannot be changed, then ask yourself how you can live with that situation and really get on top of It insead of allowing it to get on top of you.

So far nothing'has been found to equal will power, religious faith, and righteous purpose in the living of a radiantly happy liU,

By ELMER ROESSNER

What is likely to be a sweeping revolution affecting almost every business in America has broken out in advertising.

The first stroke of the revolution was the announcement that Shell Oil had arranged to pay its advertising agency, Ogiivy, Benson & Mather, a flat fee.

The idea that a corporation should pay a flat fee for a professional service, just as it pays flat fees for legal advice, engineering, design and management guidance, may not seem revolutionary to the average person. But flat fees are relatively rare in advertising especially in big-corporation nnera-tions. Most advertising agnc es sqrvtve or die on 15 per cent commissions on the money they spend for clients. The commis-sions are paid the agencies by newspapers^ magazines, television stations or other media. LONG ACCEPTED

There is no secret kick-back The system is above - board. Company, advertising agency.

media and all their competitors are fully aware of the method. All know that if an advertising agency buys space and time for a $1.000,000 advertising campaign. it will collect $150.000 from the media. Out of this it must pay its own cost of salary, art work. rent, management and so on. Advertising authorities say a typical net profit after expenses lis $20,000.

'There are 'some exceptions to this 15 per cent commission rule An advertising agency cannot and' will not w'ork for mere commission on ^small orders Writing. lllustratWg and placing $1,000 in advertising cannot be done for 15 percent. $150 Small accounts must therefore pay fees.

Again, big advertisings often pay fees for surveys and other special services And from time to time, medium size agencies have experimented with fees But the advertising buslne.ss has largely been on a commission basis.

C" NGE LONG CONSIDERFD

The system h$s long been

criticized. Some have objected because one party (the medium) paid the other partys (the advertisers) employees. The system has caused mamy media to adopt two rates, one for agency-placed advertising and one for advertising placed direct by the advertisers. It has caused agencies to demand commissions on classified advertising, usually priced too low to cover commissions, *It has induced some advertisers to set up captive agencies, that Is. agencies which handled only the accounts of the company plus one or two small firms as window drtslng. These agencies channel commissions back ,to the nmaster company, or to that company's favorites. *

The moit serious trouble, however, IS that the system tends to produce mediocre advertising Since an agency is limited to 15 per cent, it Is Inclined and sometimes forced to cut production outlays. This often resulted in Ineffective, bland and even stupid advertising. An agency with $1,000,000 for advertising and A need to make

$80,000 profit will have to keep art, copy and production costs'" to $130,000, which may or may not produce advertisements that will return a profit on $1,000.000 Invested.

Now Shell and OgUvie, Benson Si Mather have made their deal- Media and advertising men everywhere are watching it closely. Details art not fully revealed, but it Is understood that the agency will be paid a fee of about 35 per cent of tbe advertising outlay, plus reimbursement for extraordinary expenses, and that commlulons collected from media will be credited to Shell,

If it works out, K may mean the end of the old IS p eent.

Media may like it, becaua it would simplify their rate atruo tures. Agencies would like It, because they could charge professional fees, rather than be dependent on sometimes inadequate commissions. Advertisers w'ould like it, because they would be reassured that the advertising agencies were working for them and not for the media who paid them their commissiona.