Wedneaday, November 30, 1960

Wednesday, November 30, 1960

Reapportionment Case Is Important

The decision of the U. S. Supreme Court to hear a* case concerning legislative reapportionment in Tennessee may have an important bearing upon legislative representation of every state in the Union, and particularly upon that of North Carolina.

The Tennessee case is important in that it is the first such case the U. S. Supreme Court has asfreed to hear. As late as 1946 it turned down a similar caAe from Illinois with the assertion that legislative reap-poriionment of that state (and presumably any state) was a matter in which the-federal court should not get involved.

Whatever the outcome of the Tennessee case before the Supreme Court, the very fact that the highest

Nucleus For A

SDecial Schoo'.

By LYNN MSBET

UNIQUEThere were several ,.thing. unusual il not entirely unique in connection with In-ftitut^ of Government doings at Chapel Hill this week. The events were widely billed as dedication of the million dollar Joseph Palmer Knapp Building, which is the nucleus of a proposed large group of buiiding.s devoted to the training of public officials for their dutip.*;. In fact, the building was completed and has been in use for about four years, and had already been dedicated two or three timesprior to three eparate daily programs this week.

Unveiled for the first time were the 14 murals on the walls of the auditorium painted by Franct Vandeveer Kughler of New York. These murals depict ignificant events in the history of North Carolina, from Sir Walter Raleighs visit to Queen Elizabeth I through the industrial renaissance of the past decade.

Also, for the first time the name* of some of the early donors to the Institute- of Government, even before it was Integrated into the University, were made public. These names were released at a Sunday luncheon attended by a number of newspaper folk. On that occasion Albert Coats, founder and continuing director of the Institute, traced its history through the 38 years since he conceived the idea whie teaching law at Chapel Hill. It is till the only such university activity in America, devoted whoUy to the training of city, county and state administrative and law enforcement officers for greater efficiency in doing their Jobs.

FUNCTIONS The funcUons of the Institute of Government are divided into two main phases, on and off the campus. Technical details would require a large volume to explain. Very simply stated the on campus functions consist of a series of short training courses, running from three days to six weeks, for county commissioners, municipal boards, accounting officers and tax collectors, police officers, sanitary engineers, public building janitors, and other special groups.

These courses include classroom instruction by capa be teachers, laboratory and library research, and home work. Physical facilities, made possible by the donation of more than half a million dollars from the Knapp Foundation, almost matched by Slate appropriations, and suppemented by other priva t gifts, include the modem and well equipped building with dormitory capacity of 130 stu-dants, half a dozen large classrooms and an extensive library.

The on-campu.s work represents only a small part of total Institute activities. There is not a county, and hardly a city or town, in North Carolina that has not called upon the Institute staff for assistance in working out local government organization, tax levies including revaluation programs, retire

ment ay.siem.s and numerous other items tending make government more efficient.

In.stitute staffers have done most of the research and factfinding for the Slate government reorganization commissions during the past ten years. An Important part of the work has been the legislative service, the analysis of all bills introduced. Members of the General Assembly. all public officials and newsmen, have come to rey upon the accuracy of Institute findings. There is no suggestion of commendation or approval or disapproval of the proposed

legislation. The analysis simply makes clear what the proposals contain.

GROWTH The story of the development of the Institute of

Government as Albert Coats

telLs it is both fantastic and romantic. He was using Supreme Court decisions as basis for his teaching of criminal law as a young professor in 1922, when he realized that only about four-tentha of one percent of ail criminal cases from justice of peace courts up reached the Supreme Court. Further invesiigat on dlscosed that many of the errors in that small percentage of appeals were due to ignorance of procedure on part of local official*:. He conceived the idea of a training

school for them.

In off-time and in one corner of his law classroom he initiated a program for advising local administiative and judicial officers as to their duties. Enough 01 them appreciated the service to make more demands upon his time than he could give. So he begged and borrowed - money to employ help, and built the nucleus of an organization. The going was tough, because eager applications for instruction always ran far ahead of capacity to serve them. These demands for the service proved the need for it. and after l.'i years of operation as a sideline individual operation, the University of North Carolina took over the Institute of Government as a proper function of the States highest educational institution.

There were still problems Although the Institute had been adopted into the University family, it was still Albert Coats baby. He accepted major responsibility for nurturing it. It was largely due to his personal efforts that weathy peope came to its aid when starvation was imminent.

To compress 40 years and 100 newspaper pages into three minutes reading of one column: The Institute of Government, which began in the comer of one classroom in the old law building, with a one-man part-time staff, now occupies a million-dollar facility (which Coats says is yet just a beginning), with a staff of half .a hundred capable persons, and allocation of a quarter million dollars a year in the total University budget. Most of tWs is recouped from fees charged for services rendered. The Institute of Government is almost self-supporting. Also, by popular acclaim it is as nearly indispensable as any unit of State government._

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

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tribunal in the land has agreed to review it will probably mean that similar cases from other states will be carried to the nigh court.

In Tennessee there has been no reafiportionment of the legislature since 1901 despite the constitutional provision stipulating that the legislature should be reappointed following each census. The Tennessee case points up the long-standing battle between growing urban areas and .sparsely settled rural areas of states for the balance of power in state legislative affairs.

Recent years in North Carolina have seen an increasingly important issue made over distribution of legislative seats throughout the state. Following the 1950 census, the North Carolina General Assembly could not agree to reapportion its membership, and the matter was left unresolved following *the 1951 General Assembly. Each .succeeding legislature asserted the constitution provided the job be done at the first session following the census, and therefore it should have been in 1951, not in '53, '55 or later.

If reapportionment is nof resolved during the 1961 General Assembly in North Carolina, it would not be .surprising to see a case from North Carolinasimilar to that from Tennesseebegin the road toward the federal Supreme Court.

The very fact that the high court has agreed to hear such a case points up another factor which it s'^ems to us should be given consideration in North Carolina and perhaps other states as w^ell. That is the question of representation based primarily upon population without regard to geographic area involved in a political subdivision.

While each county of North Carolina is guaranteed at lea.st one member of the state House of Representatives regardless of population, there are an additional 20 seats in the House which are assigned to counties on the basis of population. Conceivably this could eventually mean that all of these extra 20 seats could be concentrated in one small geographic area of the state.

Add to that the fact that the 50 seats of the State Senate are as.<?igned to districts based on population, and it is seen that a similar situation could develop at the same time in the Senate.

Population is an important factor in designating representation in legislative affairs, but it seems to us that more thought should be given large geographic areas also.

The Tennessee case before the Supreme Court increases the pressure for reapportionment of the North Carolina legislature during the 1961 session. At the same time, however, it should increase the pressure for consideration of the basic formula which is now follow'-ed in North Carolina for determining representation in the state legislature.

The Time Of Cold Is Coming Ever Nearer

Make no mistake, the winter of penetrating cold, overcast skies and frozen ground is much nearer than it was last week.

A preview of what is to come may be seen in news stories of the seasons first full-blown snow' ,!torm sweeping eastward across the Great Plains and the Midwest.

We rarely share in those more violent manifestations of winter, but the mildness of our November .should not be reason to forget that winter can be unpleasant in Eastern North Carolina, too.

As a matter of fact, it has been jiust too springlike of late. There is a gnawing suspicion the end will come all too soon . . . preceeded by the customary warning of

A cold front with near-zero temperatures and winds of 25-30 miles per hour ha.s moved southward across the Canadian border and is pointing directly toward the Southeastern United States. Unless the high-pressure ridge in Texas moves swiftly enough to deflect its course, the cold front should pass into North Carolina by sometime tomorrow."

And this will be the time the high pressure ridge from Texas will not get there in time; and, -friends, we will have us some winter.

Moscow Is Less

Able To Control

By WILLIAM L. RYAN Associated Press News Analyst

Recent development.*? make it clear Moscow is becoming less and le.ss able to impo.se total discipline upon foreign Communist parties.

This does not-mean the Kremlin stands to lose the leadership of the world Communist movement in'the foreseeable future. But It does mean Moscow is losing some control and is facing troublesome times.

The Soviet Communist party Is running into di.sobedience and even rebellion in the ranks of the Communist fifth column in a number of areas of the world, and is encoutering resentment among many of its partisans.

One of the important reasons is that the outlook of the Soviet party differs from that of many a Communist in the ranks beyond the Soviet borders.

The Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia took place 43 years ago. Any citizen of the Soviet Union today who is under the age of W) i.s likely to have little memory of pre-revolutionary days in Ru-Mia

The revolutionary fire has died aVI ay. The Soviet Communist party is made up. In the vast majority, of members of a distinctly privilegtd class, interested in keeping itself privileged and having singulirly corwerva-tlve view.s with regard to fw-litiral and ivocial change inaide the U.S.SR.

The party now Ls the core and the directing fotce of a com-pler, svvifflv developing technocracy faced with ail the contradictions inherent in such a society. The neeiJ frequently to compromise between the urge for rapid growth and the atrue-tuiAs of an iiiliibitiHg. rigid doctrine lias a profound effect upon Soviet forrign policy and the Communist program to domuiale

Quote...

The one thing that commends the tisenliower administration is its unpopularity in certain quarter* of the world. It la held in contempt by the Communiata of Japan and in certain Latin Amcriciin < ountries, This conten pi IS a tribute to the aci-ininistratiou,Wa.seca (Minn.) Journal.

Getting Ready To Move In

LIKE A

comfortable

LOCATION NEAR THE WHITE HOU^E.

By ALVIN TAYLOR

Rco-Mannin

Still A Long Ways To Go

City officials yesterday got their first peep at what Greenvilles proposed Urban Renewal area could look like when the program is carried out.

The City Councilmen, Redevelopment Commission and Planning and Zoning Commission members seemed impressed as James B. Godwin, of the Godwin and Bell firm, described the first preliminary plan of the area.

Indeed it was impressive, for the proposed buildings in the area, most of which will be

commercial, would be far different in appearance from those in the present downtown area. No two buildings, as Indicated in the preliminary plan, would come anywhere near touching. They would all be surrounded by plenty of parkingspace. The abundance of trees, foliage, grass and other green plant life shown on the plan was particularly attractive.

Godwin told the group that the new commercial area is not intended to take from the traditional business section on

Other Editors Saying .,. A Big Job To Do

the world.

The revolutionary spirit still lives, however, among the Communist party of China, which came to power only 10 years ago and which now is struggling through development phases passed by the Soviet Union 25 years ago. The Red Chinese insist upon the letter of parly dogma. Indeed, they are forced Into It as a factor in insuring their continued rule.

Chinas Communists also are extremely impatient for the expansion of the revolution abroad by violent means. They scornfully inform the Russians that peace can be Insured only through vioienw strugcle and cannot be achieved by begging' for it from the Western world. If there is to be peace, say the Chinese, then it must be a peace which is imposed upon the United States, a peaceful coexistence which will be forced upon Americans on CommunLst terms. The notion of peace through negotiations, say the Red Chine.se, 3.S .strlcly an illusion.

Many a Communi.st in the non-roiiuiiunlsi world agrees wfth Peiping and is chafing at Soviet all iludes. Many a Communist sees himself and his future dreams of power being sacrificed for the aims of Soviet national policy.

(Washington .Daily News)

A man can run for governor 0 North Carolina and in his campaign he can stand on a platform containing many facts. But unless he has the cooperation of the legislature, what he stands for and what he has promised to do when elected mean little.

Terry Sanford, governor-elect of North Carolina, has a big job ahead of him. The main theme In his positive program of progress is education. The people of North Carolina, by their vote, have elected him to be the next governor of our state. The majority by the official returns will be somewhere in the neighborhood of 12.5,000 votes.

H he is to accomplish any real progress in education or in any other field of endeavor, the first and foremost job ahead of him is to capture the fancy of the 1961 legislature to the point that the elected representatives and senators will be willing to go along with the program he has outlined.

If the members of the General assembly balk at going along, then Mr, Sanford will find himself in the position of a man wanting to do a lot but being held back because the legislative and executive branches of state government do not see eys to eye.

We must not forget that there are many members of the legislature who did not support him in the primaries. There aj many members of the assembly w'ho are far more conservative than Mr. Sanford, and who will not vote to expend a lot of money on any program.

We must not forget that members of his own executive branch of government generally did not support him in the first primary.

The governor of North Carolina Ls not only the titular head of his party In the state, but he is also the head of the government of the state. And the government embraces people of both parties.

As we look ahead to the next four years under the leadership of Mr. Sanford we can say w-ith assurance that the record of the Sanford administration will be determined by the degree of cooperation realized between the governor and the General assembly.

The governor of North Carolina has no veto of legislation. He mi^t accept what the General assembly enacts info law. The North Carolina governor is th-i only one in all 50 states without the veto.

Governor Sanfords organizational ability, his leadership, and his influence will be put to a severe test from the very outset. Certainly the new governor realizes what is ahead of him. He knows Uiat to realize even part of his program, he must have a cooperative legislature.

Realizing success for his program means there is a big job ahead. The North Carolina legislature, by nature. Just does not fall in line automatically. The legislators are Individuals who think for themselves.

So when Mr. Sanford comes into office, from the practical standpoint, it Is not the platform on which he ran, It is not what he stands for that is paramount for the moment, but rather it is his ability to work with the legislature which must enact his proposals into law that counts most.

In a real sense he is almost at the mercy of the legislature from the very moment he takes office.

Evans St.; rather it Is designed to complement this section. It should give the present business area room for expansion.

This is one reason that the preliminary plan includae replacement of the present county court house. This building and other buildings in the same block would tend to separate this new commercial area from the old. However the plans envisions replacement of the outmoded old building with a modern court house and county office building north of First St. The block now occupied by the court house, armory and dwellings would become a parking area tying the two areas together.

Sites for various commercial buiiding.s. Including a department store, motor hotel, restaurant and other structures were designated.

Since the plans are preliminary. any part or all of it could be changed in the various reviews that are to come. This will include two public hearings one by the Redevelopment Commission and the other by the City Council.

The officials present yesterday emphasized that the change in the present largely residential area wont come tomorrow. Its development, according to a master plan, will be a gradual thing. The Redevelopment Commission, using Federal funds, will acquire property in the area after it has been appraised by someone qualified to do this work. Then the housing will be torn down, streets, utilities and other improvements made. The property will be sold back to private enterprise for construction of buildings indicated on the plan as the final phase of the project is ^carried out.

The city will wind up paying one-third of the net cost of the project with the federal government paying two-thirds.

Its a long ways from yesterdays preliminary plan to the actual construction of a municipal auditorium on Reade St., or a park and marina on the Tar River. But this was one of the first steps. There will be many more to bring the project to reality.

The

BLOOQMOBIU

is coming

CALL YOUR RED/N CROSS

Hardly

r

Noert

Assay

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, i960. King Features Syndic*^. Inc.

Professor C. Wright Mills is s professor of sociology at Columbia University. He has written a piece of press agentry, Listen Yankee," for Castros Cuba which is neither sociology nor advantageous press agentry. It Is so emotional^ over-cooked that It becomes tasteless. The learned professor writes;

My major aim In this book is to present the voice of the Cuban revolutionary, as clearly and as emphatically as I can, and I have taken up this aim because of its absurd absence from the news of Cuba available in the United States today. .

This might have a tone of impartiality, of the research scholar objectively seeking after the tnit^ except that Professor Mills happens to be a member of the Castro propaganda organization in the United States which calls Itself Fair Play for Cuba Committee which has on its list many whose names always appear on such committees. Professor Mills spent two weeks In Cuba In August 1960. One of his conclusions Is that;

I believe 'another source of trouble Is Uiat many North American journalists simply do not know how to understand and to report a revolution. If it Is a real revolution and Cubas is certainly thatto report it involves much more than the ordinary Journalists routine. It requires that the Journalist abandon mai^ of the cliches and habits which now make up his very craft. It certainly requires that he know something in detail about the great variety of left-wing thought and action in the world today. . .

Many journalists in the United States have spent many years of their lives studying, researxsh-ing, reporting revolutions. I, for ' instance, started this task in 1917 in the city of Petrograd where the Soviet Revolution began; I lived through nearly 14 years of revolution In China. I know other reporters who have had similar experiences if not for so long a period, perhaps more Intensely in equally difficult situations. Professor Mills has had no such experience and two weeks In Havana In August 1960 did not give it to him.

) So the professor, not having knowledge or experience, resorts to a device. He will write as though he were a Cuban and as a Cuban, he will blame everything on the United States. He comes up with this learned scholarly paragraph which I hope no editor will censor because Americans ought to see what an American professor writes when he tried to imitate a Cuban:

The gay tourist city of Havana in the old days it was more than a place of sin. We Chibans, like everyone else, we know all about sin, being Catholics of a sort. But in Havana, sin was also the big money for the few, and every filthy practice of the brothel for girls 12 and 14 years old, fresh from their bohos. On the Prado and on the narrow street called The Street of Virtues, they and their pimps solicited you and then Batista and his henchmen got their cut.

Then he goes on to say:

Maybe you dont know two facts about the gambling and the whorig, A lot of that gambling money ended up in the pockets of a corrupt Cuban Government, which your Government (the United States) and some of your corporatiiwis supported and helped. Also much of it ended up in the pockets of your gangsters from Chicago and New York and Los Angeles. The money you paid for our whoring sisters. .

Of course,this may be some sort of special pleading but decent people do not traffic in prostitution and the Cubans would not have had this to say about their sisters but found an American professor of sociology who was willing to attribute the downfall of Cuba to the- wickedness of Cuban women who took advantage of American tourists.

Professor Mills does not apparently recognize that Soviet Russia has established a political and military base 90 miles off the coast of the United States. This country has been asked by (Continued on page six)

Business Can Exnect Chanaes

By ELMER ROESSNER

There will be vast changes in business in the next four years, and no businessman can cry Unfair! because the Democratic Party platform' committed the new President and the new Congress to certain changes.

Because John F. Kennedy i'?! an honorable man and the luem-bers of Congiess are men of their word, it may be taken for granted that the changes in business promised in the platform will dome to pa.ss.

In addition to salient points noted here yesterday, consider these excerpts from the platform r

(We endorse) the right of every family to ow-n a decent lioim* ... A healthy opandlng economy will enable ils to build 2,000,00() h#mes a year in whole-soibe neighborhoods, for people of aJ] Incomes. . .

We shall provide medical care benefits for the aged H part of tht tlmc-teated Social Security system, . .

MORE FOR EVERYBODY

For young and old alike, we

need more medical schools, more hospitals, more research laboratories to speed the final conquest of major killers. . .

The Democratic Administration will end the neglect of qur older citizens. . .We shall assure them not only health care but employment for fhase who want work, decent hoiming and recreation. . .

We shall act at once to help in building classi-ooms and employing the teacher^ tha* are e.*:.sentlal to the right to a good education. . .

We propose a program of loans and scholarship grants to assure that qualified young Americans will have full opportunity to higher educations, at the institution.^ of their choice, regardlea-s of the Income of their parenLs" (That Is an amazing promise, .since about 67 per cent of all high schoolers would choose Harvard, Yale or Princeton.)

MORE MONEY FOR CITIES

The platform also pledge.s; A new D<*mocratic Administration Will expand Fctlcial programs to aid urban communities to clear Uieir slums, dispose t of

their sewage, educate tlicir children, transport suburban com-muter.s to and from their jobs, and combat Juvenile delinquency. . .

We will give the city dwellers a voice at the Cabinet table by bringing together within a single department. . .urban and metropolitan problems

Thi.s platform plank is of great significance. It appears to pro-muse the creation of a new Cabinet post, The Secretary of Metropoles, or some such title. Earlier, the paltform called for a national peace agency for disarmament planning and research to muster the scientific ingenuity, coordination, continuity and serloiLsness - of purpose which are now lacking in our arms control efforts. It did not .specify whether this agency would be a government DeparL ment, an independent agency or a section of the Defense Department.

The platform also promises a national transportation policy divsigned to coofdinate and modernize our faciUtics for trair-portatlon by road, rail, water and air,*

So any businessman can see that whatever his enterprise or whatever his industry, he is going to be shook up and reorganized by the new Congress and the new Pre.sident,

But that isnH all. More platform pledges will be dlsciussed tomorrow.

NEWS YOU CAN USE IN MANAGEME.Nf A booklet telling how much a family can afford to pay for a home, what kind of mortgage should be sought and how to do it will soon be available from bank members of the American Bankers Association. . .A leaflet on .Pointers on In-Plant Trucking," is free for writtof the Small Business Administra-

lion. Wa.shington D.C.....

A Strategy of Daily ptock Market Timing for Maximum Profits," by Joseph E. Granville, has been published (by Prentlce-Hall, at $12.50) . . .The Field Sales Mtnager, a manual for anyone who manages sileamen in the field, has been edited by Albert Newgarden and published by American Management Association (with 380 pages. $7.50).

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