PAGE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Monday, November 28, 1960

Monday, November 28, 1960

Who Do 1 Think I Am?

D,

An Acid Test For School Bond Issue

One of the corner stones of governor-elect Terry Sanfords program for better public education in North Carolina will be a school bond issue designed to aid Individual counties in providing adequate school buildings.

Thus, the governor-elect who maintained through two tough primary campaigns and a general election campaign that the people of the state want the kind of program he proposed, has now decided to put a major part of that program to the acid test of the ballot box once more.

New classrooms and other facilities to take care of the increasing number of youngsters in the state is recognized as one of the pressing needs for public education in North Carolina. The idea of a state-wide school bond issue is not original with Sanford. It has been employed a number of,times by North Carolina, and in each case has proved an important factor in acquiring new school buildings.

The governor-elect has not yet spelled out just

Stress Value Of individual Vote

By LYNN NISBET

VOTE VALUES ~ Emphasis has been placed to greater degree than usual this year on the value of an Individual vote among milUona cast. It appears that the next President of the United States was elected by less than one-tenth of one percent majority o the popular vote. Margins for North Carolina State officers were closer than usual, and In a<nne local county races less than one-tenth of one percent margin determined the result.

The current furor over revamping electoral college procedure lor the election of a President, and over reapportion-xnent of membership in the Otnml Assembly, stems from the dMire to give every citizens vote equal value in the final tally. Gross inequality exists ndw the present system.

Casual study of some of the remedies proposed suggest that In several instance the cure would be worse than the disease. Thinking people Join Hamlet in wondering whether it might not be b^ter to "bear those ills we have, than fly to others we know not of." State legislative r^jresentation based solely on populacMi would occasion greater inbalance than the present area-population formula, particularly in the State senate.

Proposals for revamping the process for electing a President by abolishing the present electoral college also have threats to pure democracy In evaluating individual votes. Nearly every plan suggested would tend to give each vote more prestige, but at the expense of genuine representative government. The same Is true of most legislative reapportionment proposals including strict adherice to requirements of the constitution adopted nearly a century ago.

ELECTORS Lets consider first the presidential electors-The United States constitution of 1787 provided that each State should have as many actual votes for President of the United States as it had members of the C<mgres8 in boUi branches. By statute and tradition, though not specifically spelled out in the constitation, the presidential candidate getting a plurality of the popular voet not nec^ sarfly a majority receives the total electoral vote of the state.

Hawvnr, and this is the gimmick that is significant now. because presidential electors are coQstitational officers, under both Federal and State constltu-tUms. they are free agents and STS Bot legally bound to vote for the presidential candidate who got a plurality or majority sf the popular vote.

Nmth Carolina voters on November 8 gave a clear majority to Democratic-nominee for President John P. Kennedy. That means the 14 electors, whose names had been filed with the

Secretary of State by the Democratic state chairman, are morally obligated to cast their votes for Kennedy and Johnson when they meet In Raleigh on December |9. Being constitutional officers, they are not legally bound to vote that way. They could cast a unanimous vote for Nixon and Lodge, or split 14 wayswith votes for Luther Hodges, Terry Sanford, Robert Gavin, Joe Doakes or any other citizen of the United States and if that person qualified under the constitution for President the vote would be officially counted. (Of course, every elector knows that it would be political suicide and maybe physical death to vote for anybody except Kennedy. Point is, they could do it under the law.)

DISTRIBUTION Under the current plan Kennedy gets all 14 of North Carolinas electoral votes, and the more than 600,000 Tarheels who voted for Nixon do not have their votes counted at all in the final tally. Nixon gets all 32 of Californias electoral votes, and nearly three million Californians who voted for Kennedy do not get any recognition in the official record. If the electoral votes had been

apportioned on basis of popular vote, Nixon would have gotten about six and a half in North Carolina, and Kennedy would have gotten about fifteen and a half in California,

Breakdown for the other 48 states would show comparable close margins, probably without change in the end result. Dividing the electoral vote on proportion of the popular vote, but retaining the principle that each State should have the number of electoral votes equal to its representation in the Congress, was propsed in a constitutional amendment sponsored by then Senator Lodge, more recently the Republican candidate for Vice President, some years ago.

Senators Karl Mundt of South Dakota and Strom Thurmond of South Carolina are sponsoring an amendment to allow each congressional district to elect its own presidential elector, and the state at large to elect two for the senators. Trouble with that plan 1 that, despite constitutional requirement for as near as may be equal population in congressional districts, there are districts In North Carolina and other states with widely varying population. That plan would give inordinate power to the small districts, penalize the big districts, and result in almost as much inequity as the present system.

It is interesting to note that no suggestion has been made for all-out popular election of a President of the United States. The idea of one electoral vote for each member of Congress runs through every plan proposed.

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publisher

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how the funds from such a bond issue would be distributed among the lOp counties, but it is logical to assume that some matching funds will be required from the individual counties. It is also logical to assume that Sanfordbased on what was said during the campaignwill favor giving consideration to the need of individual county school systems in allotting the state funds.

Whatever the method for distributing the funds, the final decision on a school bond issue in all probability will be made by Tar Heel voters. It is not likely that the legislature will authorize a major public school bond issue without sending it to the people.

Voters of the state, we believe, recognize the problem which faces North Carolina so far as public schools are concerned. Physical facilities is only one part of the problem, but it is an important part which must be dealt with. If the people of the state are reluctant to provide the means with which to cope with the classroom problem, it is not likely that a great deal can be accomplished toward boosting the salaries of teachers, reducing the teaching load per teacher and other items that must be dealt with.

Sanford, we think, is wise in stating now that he will call for a bond issue to finance school buildings. In that way, at least, the people of the state will have the opportunity of expressing again their feeling toward meeting the school problems which North Carolina faces. We believe the citizens of the state are willing and anxious to push forward with a positive program to lift the quality of public education offered our youngsters.

Greenvilles Growth Is Continuing Upward

Statistics on new construction, always a barometer of progress for a community, indicates that Greenvilles rate of growth during the first 10 ^onths of 1960 moved ahead of that of a number of its neighbors of comparable size in Eastern Carolina.

According to figures released by the Department of Labor, new construction in Greenville for the 10-"month period was valued at slightly more than $3.45 million. It led by more than a million dollars new construction reported for Goldsboro, Kinston, New Bern and Wilson and was more than a half million ahead of new construction figures reported for Rocky Mount.

Although the figures may not accurately reflect the exact value of new construction for each of the cities, they do give an indication of the relative progress being made. It is evident from the figures that Greenville is moving ahead at a more accelerated pace than are the other communities so far as construction within the corporate limits is concerned.

With the exception of New Bern, Greenvilles population is less than that of any of the other cities mentioned. Normally it would be expected that the larger a city is, the greater its total construction would be. Here again is another indication of the fact that Greenville may be moving ahead at a more rapid pace than some of its neighboring cities.

The total figure of more than $13.5 million in new construction for these six Eastern Carolina pities during the first 10 months of the year points to a continued healthy growth for the area as a whole. The fact that Greenville emerged as the pace setter for new construction during the period is indicative for a continued healthy growth for this particular community.

rower

Can Be Uniust

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

jOng-Recognized Danger

Cop>Tight. I960 King Features Syndicate, Inc.

This is by no means hindsight. I can point to a long series of articles going back many years to the danger to our dollar and to our gold. I can show the publications of Franz Pick, one of the worlds great authorities on currency, cautioning about the dangers to the dollar. He was recognized by some as a prophet, but government officials treated him as though he were a madman.

What was most astonishing in tho years since 1948 is that American bankers, who are supposed to be experts in money and currency, ridiculed those who warned that when currency flows out faster than it comes in, there must be one of two results: 1. That the

amount of currency backed by gold will be lessened: or 2. That the government will resort to the printing press which must ultimately mean a devaluation.

I once argued this point with a banker who insisted on talking of balances of pajnnents, wliich has little to do with the problem, and ridiculed the fact that foreign aid and the support of American troops abroad were the crux of the problem. The latter are day by day housekeeping and maintenance expenditures.. Bankers can become very pompous when they talk about money, which after all is in the realm of the student of currency.

Now, at this very late date, when the mare has been stolen, along comes Secretary of the Treasury Anderson with a statement that should have been made at least four years ago in which he says:

"The United States following World War II initiated and continued, through the Marshall Plan and other programs, an unprecedented series of moves calculated to help rebuild the war-devastated nations of Eur-

ustifiec.

Against Outlays

Other Editors Saying.,, Too Long For The Count

By RALPH ROBEY

President Eisenhowers directive to restirct forei^ spending is an amazing, drastic, and thoroughly justified action. Whether it will be sufficient to solve the problem is another matter.

The background of this action Is both interesting and Important.

Some weeks ago there was a speculative flare-up in the London gold market. Our statutory price for gold is $35 an ounce. We buy and sell unlimited amounts at that figure. In the London marketwhich is one of the few free gold markets in the worldthe price was driven to above $40 an ounce. That not only was spectacular, but at the time disturbing. Many factors were involved, most of them technical, but a premium of that size is not supposed to be possible in a free market. One of the results was that Senator Kennedy issued a strong statement that he would defend the dollar; another was a statement by our Treasury that there was not going to be devaluation of the dollar. The turmoil gradually subsided, and now gold in the London market is .selling at reasonably close to our statutory price.

That is one side of the background. The other Side is that gold has been flowing out of this country at a rapid rate. Back of this is some distiirbing news in connection with our International

deficit.

The international balance of payments of a nationit may be,either a deficit or a surplus is the total of all payments made by one country to tiie rest of the world as compared with all the payments it receives from the rest of the world In 1959 we had an international deficit of $3.8 bUlion. That was only a moderate increase over 1958, but the amount was so large that it caused widespread concern.

The first part of this year, however, showed such a fvor-Ite trend that the worry pretty well disappeared. The Federal government has Just released the figures for the third quarter, and they prove that this loss of worry was at least premature, and probably quite unjustified.

During the third quarter our exports of goods continued to increase relative to our imports, but that is only part of the picture. Other items turned against us in large volume.

Most important was an enormous flow of private funds in order to get the higher inter

est rates prevailing in European financial centers. At one time

the differential was 100 percent. That is, one could get twice

as high a rate in Europe as he could in the United States on

comparable government securl- o ties. This variation recently has.

(Continued on Page 12)

(Henderson Dispatch) *

All your life you have heard the slur against the South that it is slow and backward. The charge was not justified, to be sure, but it persisted nevertheless.

Heres one instance, however, where other sections were far behind this part of the country, and that was in Ihe counting of ballots in the recent election. Two of the largest and supposedly most modernistic States were among the very last to report their final figures. It was more than a week before the last precincts were in for California, and just about that long in Illinois.

The delay was blamed on absentee ballots. But presumably ell the States had absentees that had to be added. Here in North Carolina, for instance, all the absentee votes that were eUgible had to be in, for poU-holders on the day of the election. and they were counted along with all the others. Thats the way it should be,

California was claimed for Kennedy on the basis of egrly returns. But then the drag began. and some days were required for final results to be known on the absentees, and the State flopped into the Nixon column.

It was California which in the

close election of 1916 put Woodrow Wilson across for a second

term. At that time, the State had only thirteen electoral votes. This time it had thirty-two. It might have been decisive in 1960 also, except that Kennedy had a sufficient margin elsewhere to put him over.

What seems so strange, however. is that so much time was needed to count the absentee ballots. Even if there were several hundred thousand of them, if scattered over several thousand voting precincts, it would seem that the tabulation could have been made in a couple of days or so. Had the election outcome depended upon that one State this year, as in 1S16, the country would have had to wait for about a week to learn whether Kennedy or Nixon had been named as the next President.

We thought it required a long time to complete the count here on election night, but what happened was almost like lightning by comparison with California.

When an election is held, everybody wants to know the outcome as quickly as possible, and a week is a terribly long while to have to wait. Some changes looking toward greater speed may be made before another national referendum. On the other hand, however, by then the public may have forgotten and it may be the same old story all over again.

ope and Asia.

"During the years of rebuilding. the United States, through various means, placed dollars in the hands of these other nations so that they might be able, in the processes of their rebuilding. to buy the services and goods which, in the period immediately after the war, only the United States could provide. At that point the Europeans call attenti( to the fact that most of the Marshall Plan money was spent in the United States, benefitting our economy by keeping our labor employed. The sharp depression which economists expected around 1948 did not occur in this country. However, the vast amounts expended in various forms of military aid, economic aid, currency stabilization, price ptorection (coffee, for instance), maintenance of American troops, air bases, etc., etc., by showed in deficits. The Secretary of the Treasury states this matter with official formality as follows: "The United States has also bolstered the military security of friendly nations so as to contribute to our mutual security and to det^ threats of external aggression. The programs through which these aims are carried out have likewise resulted in providing a flow of dollars abroad, largely as a result of the maintenance of our forces in foreign countries.

"At the same time the United States has undertaken substantial efforts in aiding the economic progress of the developing countiles, in an effort to create the economic conditions for lasting peace throughout the world. To the extent that these programs do not increase exports of United States goods and services, they too lead to an outflow of dollars to the competing nations in Europe and Japan. Put it as you like, we lost tmr reserves. We now practically have no gold reserve that is not ear-marked. It is best to state the facts officially:

"As a result of the above and other factors the United States has been facing continuous deficits in its balance of payments. In the last three years a total of about $10 billion more has been paid out than has been received. The resulting deficits are settled by sizeable outflows of gold and in<n*eases in our dollar liabilUes. A substantial part of our deficit has* been settled in gold, resulting In. a decline of about |4-% billion in the Treas-urf gold stock since the end of 1957.

In a word, with ear-marked gold at about $18,000,000,000. we (Continued on page twelve)

By ROGER BABSON BABSON PARK, Mss.,--I am greatly relieved to bear that the threatened newspaper atriice in New York City has been cidl-ed off. I believe that lai)or is entitled to strike provided. only the employer is hurt. But, for labor to use its power to harm the imblic is morally, economically, fuid politically wrong. all monopolies ARB

DANGEROUS For the employees in a large depaitanent store in New York to strike for higher wages or better working conditions is perhaps Justifiable, as , there are enough other good stores in New York aty to supply the goods needed. For example, if the employees of Macys should strike, only the union or the owners of Maeys would be hurt. On the other hand, if the employees of the c(npany which supplies electricity to New Ywk or to any other city tould strike. It would be a crime. In fact, every householder would suffer so badly, especially in winter, that the people would rise en masse and demand a special session of the Stata legislature to put the militia in to run the plant.

In reality, every new^ptr Is a public utility in which the public is vitally interested; this especially applies to cities with only one newspaper. Labors argument that the people could get a paper from some adjoining city is not sound. This would not help the local merchant. The present anti-trust laws appear to exempt labor unions. They certainly should be amended so that they would apply to newspaper workers or to lalxw In any other business that could be classified as a public utility.

THE RIGHT TO WORK Many states voted two weeks ago on "right-to-work legislation. I have not tabulated the final decisions, and in many states such legislation must be approved by the courts. The point of conflict is the "closed shop, so to speak. Labor leaders insist that in order for anyone to work in a unionized mill he must be a uni(m' member, and in some cases they Insist the employer coUeol the dues for the union.

Some states have already passed righWto-work law* making the "closed chop illegal. Indirectly. this right-to-w(Mrk problem is mixed up with civil rights on the theory that the Negro fote is much Interested in that subject. InvestigatiMi, however, shows me Uiat the Negro vote is divided on this. Certainly, the colored vote is becoming constantly more important. In this connection it should be remembered that some of our best baseball player* are Negroes. Also, in the recent Olimipic games at Rome a Negro girl from Clarksville, Tenn., brought home three medals. The "right to c(npete there depended solely upon qualification for the races. This should be equally true of industry and the right to

EMPLOYERS VERSUS MANAGEMENT

From a statistical standpoint, of course, employer* would appear to be fighting a losing game. At every state or national election the wageworkers are in the majoritfr and may be aroused to "bite the hsuid that feeds them. A consistent leveling has been going on for Kne yeans; and It is still rstoldly taking place through inheritance taxes, labor unions, and benefits to special groups. This is especially true under a system wherein everyone has an equal vote whether he is a eol-lege president or a street sweeper.

But to get back to the threatened New Ycak newspaper strike that was called off: Such a trike at any time of year would be very unfair to the people of New Yortc, but to have it come Just at the Cfaristma* season would cmise a tremendous lo** toall parties. I am not yet* prepared to vote for compulsory arbitration, but I believe that certain regulatory legislation including a time for striking should become law immediately. For instance, ths unions In the fuel oil business should not be allowed to strike In the wintertime. Likewise, It would be unfair for employers to be allowed to operate lockouts during the wintertime. I certainly ((Dontlnued on Page )

Predictions On Which To Plan

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

THE ULTIMATE FUTURE

We appear at the present time to be living in an age of worldwide turmoil. Revolutions are taking place all over the globe Tyranny is rife in many lands. Freedom is struggling with des-What does it all mean?

There are some who believe that this state of affairs presages the end of the w'orld and the second coming of Christ. Others take a more secular view and maintain that we are witnessing a momentous and significant struggle between freedom and slavery which w'lll result in the establishing of more and* cleaner justice among all peoples of the world. There are still others who see In the present upset conditions of the race. Just another of those

periods which come at certain times in history and which will pass when the evil of men has* spent Itself.

We know nothing about human destiny, save that the world and its creatures are in the hands of a loving God. There may, be much to discourage ,us in 'the immediate present and. apparently in the near future We may suffer or we may prosper of that we know nothing But w'hat we do knowand this is of primary and permanent importanceis that God is preparing hLs children not for destruction but for glory. The God whe made us Ls a God of love The ends he has set for us are those of delight. "Eye hath not seen nor ear heard. . the things which God hath prepared for them that love him.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Forward planning is more important today than ever, say economists, politicians and eggheads. Here are some probable situations and events on which to base your forward busine.*;s planning:

sports car is being offered by Lofstrand, Rockville, Md , and another manufacturer will soon bring out another compact Token steel rises: Steel wages rise automatically on Dec. 1. Steel companies want to boost prices to cover added costs But demand Ls at a low ebb and many buyers have stockpiled required steel. Probable, almost certain resolution: token in

creases, which ran be ..spread to all specifications when the market is active again.

Big Chrii^tmas sales: Despite ^)ump talk, retail Christmas sales will set a new record this year, but the total will be only fractionally higher than last year.

NEW WARNINGS FOR DRIVER.S Drivers alert coming: Not m

1961, but perhaps In 1962 there will be an electronic device that warns drivers when they veer too near curbs or cross center* lines, it involves wires in the pavement radiating low-frequency signals and dashboard devices to pick them up and sound alarms. By 1963, some state legislatures may make .such equipment mandatory More rental enterprises: Bu.s-ine.sse.s renting consumer items, such as cars, power tools, trailers, furniture, laundry gnd crutches have long flourished, but they will be given impetus by Hertzs action in offering party supplies, hospital and sickroom equipment, reducing aids. ielevLsion sets and babv and guest needs. Instead of frightening small renters, the Hertz challenge will cause many to broaden their lines.

More rail mergers: Credible reports say more railroads than you think are secretly working out mergers.

FABRK' OUTLOOK COOL Textile rally distant: Textile mills have suffered more than

most manuiacturing industries this year. And while exciting new spring fashions wlU do much for them, the buildup will be slow until later next year.

Slow lumber recovery: The

lumber market is down, largely because of the lag In home-building and construction. And while Improvement is in sight, it probably will not occur until new housing legislation is made effective by the new Administration.

More ronstniction: Even without more government aid, construction activity will rise next year. Defense and private industry commitments for 1961 arc already about level with the year. And even if the new Administration does not pour out money for home-building, the buildup of requirements will result In greater construction.

Costlier meat: Livestock production next year is estimated slightly above this year. With more personal income and a greater population, the demand will force prices up. Exception may be for pork, because of

sharp risB in hog productions

OLD PROMOTER WANTS ITS A BOY I STAMPS

"The Post Office ig making mllllcms with Its commemorative stamps, but its failure to take advantage of real opportunities is almost criminal. said a Toice. It could be only that of the Old Promoter and, sure enough, he had barged into our office.

"Explain! we said. "Well thousands of Nisei will buy the pretty new U.S.-Japan atamp, he said. "But for real big aales, why d<^nt the government bring out Its a Boy I* stamps? Fifty million a year would be sold and, like other commemo-rativea, only a 'small portion

the government comd bring out Its a Girl! Gel Weill and Happy Birthday!* stamps. Think of the millions Uncle Sam could make with 'Wish You Were Here! and Happy Anniversary! stafps. Maybe the new Administration will get on the bafl.*