Friday Norembar 28 1960

Friday, November 25, 1960

Nobody Here But Us Chickens!

A Need Long-Recognized In State

What Dr. James B. Conant has pointed out as the greatest need of public education in the South has long been recognized by leading educators of North Carolina^

Consolidation of schoolsparticularly as it applies to the high school levelis a goal toward which the state has made significant progress in spite of the fact that small high schools still dot the Tar Heel country^de.

llbw much further the schools of the state can move^m this direction depends now upon the leadership provided by laymen at the community level as well as educators.

It is understandable that many communities of the vast rural areas of the state take a great deal of pride in their community schools. Were this not so, the quality of public education in North Carolina would be far below what it is today. At the same time it is becoming more generally recognized that this tremendous pride in community schools often becomes a stumbling block to educational opportunities offered the youngsters of a community.

Sanford Speech

Out Of 1

ne Past

By LYNN NISBET CALL BACK The speech made by Governor-elect Terry Sanford at Chapel Hill the other night, widely hailed as a challenge for the future in educa-tton, waa in most respects a call backward. But in the .spirit of the declaration of Rights which constitutes the preamble to the coftstitution of North Carolina. A primary statement there la that A frequent recurrence to fundamental principles is ab-aolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty. Sanford used as the text for his call for progress the philosophy of Walter Hines Page and Charles Brantley Aycock 60 yean ago. He quoted Page's advocacy of free public training of both the hands and minds of every child bora of woman, and hia belief that by the r^ht training of men we add to the wealth of the 'world. And he quoted Aycocka belief In the right of very child born on earth to **burgeoQ out all that there is within him.**

GoveiDora since Aycock have aui^>orted public education and tremendous progress has been made. But each* chief executive haa had other major (^jectives good roads, Uve-at-home farm programs sound govenunent administration, industrial expansion, raising the standard of living. and what have you. All these have been good for the state and all have achieved high degree of success.

The Sanford thesis is that the record of progress since 1900 is based in the educational renaissance of that period. But the momentum is running down and out, and if progress is to continue we must back up and start over with a new educational crusade. What was good enough for yesterday is not adequate for tomorrow. Being first in the South is not enough; North Carolina should move toward first place in the pat^i^ -MONEY Sanford pro

gram win require a^ot of money, more than has ever been spent for education. He tiiinks the people are willing, even eager, to pay the biU for adequate educational facilities although they may be tired of paying for less than adequate. Counties may be called upon to carry a larger share of the load, but he iHomised that we will not shift primary responsibility for public schools back to the counties,'nor will we wait idly few federal assumption of re-ponsibility.

If present revenue sources do not afford sufficient money to finance the school program he promises to recommend other tax sources even bond issues for some phases of the operation. At the same time, he suggests caution In approach to the ideal, and says even if the money were available it should not all

be spent next year. Efficiency is not rated solely in terms of dollars spent.

All of this is reminiscent of the crusade led by Page, Aycock, Alderman, Joyner and Mclver six decades ago. If is not new, but is recurrence to fundamental principles, which the constitution says is necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty. Government is more complex and extensive than it was in Aycocks day.

Governor - elect Sanford has manifested interest in roads and industrial development, in modernization of government structure ahd other matters His speeches during all the preelection campaign, and his one at Chapel Hill billed as a "Major address, leave no doubt that education, the training of the hands and minds of boys and girls, will be the main concern of his administration.

YOUNGUNSWhat the old folks in both Democratic and Republican parties seem inclined to ignore is the fact that young people "took over in the recent election. Perhaps a better word would be "new people,* because many of those who were active for the first time had passed the middle age mark. The old established party organization were relatively impotent.

Yetsince the election the oldsters have been talking about the need for reorganizing the the set up of the parties. In most instances the ideas expressed are for the oldsters to retain control. Time after time your reporter has heard old-timersin both partiessay that they have got to purge the organization of this or that element or "they will give us trouble. What they do not seem to realize is that a new crowd has taken over control, and that many of the oldtimers already have been "purged without their consent and apparently without their knowledge.

Certainly the record vote received by Republican Robert Gavin for Governor was not attributable to activities of the oldline and traditional Republican party organization. And the old time Democrats can hardly claim credit for reversal of a 20-year trend in North Carolina votes for President. Dem<Kjratlc margins had been declining since 1936 until the 1956 margin was only about 15,000, This year it jumped to nearly four times that much, when by all the ordinary rules it should have been less.

Young folks were responsible young in partisan political activity if not in years. The newcomers are conscious of their power. When purges and reorganizations come, they will be in the drivers seat.

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The smaller the enrollment^hePe again at the high school levelthe smaller the faculty of a school. This influences the scope of courses available to stu-* dents and often seriously restricts the program available to them. Many courses available in larger schools cannot be justified in the smaller schools simply because there is an insufficient number of students who may want to tajee certain courses.

The same thing applies to pecialized equipment and educationaf aids used in the school program. The cost of physical equipment for a science department that would be justified if, says 40 students a year were using the equipment, would not be if.only half that number or less would use the equipment each year.

The difference in equipment available for student u.se ill thi.s particular field may seriously influence the quality of instruction available in a school. The same thing would apply in many other fields of study.

In every community, large or small, the school becomes one of the focal points, of community life. It is not surprising, therefore, that school consolidation has been difficult in many areas of North Carolina. It is also reasonable to expect that future progress toward consolidationwhich of necessity would further reduce the number of community high schools will be even more difficult.

It must be recognized, however,*that if youngsters from the more sparsely populated areas of the state are to compete effectively with youngsters of other areas, the quality of public education must be put more nearly on an equal footing. It is essential that every community carefully evaluate its schools in the light of the educational opportunities offered its youngsters compared with others in the same area. It is also essential that the educational opportunities offered youngsters be given top priority in any consideration, for that, after all, is the primary purpose of our public school system.

Further school consolidation will be necessary in many areas of North Carolina in order to bring up the quality of educational opportunities offered young people. Ultimately a community may have to decide whether to give up its own school in the interest of affording its children better educational opportunities, or to keep its own school and thereby deny its youngsters educational opportunities they otherwise might have.

It is a major problem that should receive careful consideration by the people of every community in North Carolina.

First And Foremost A Victory For West

One may read into the seating of Congo President Kasavubas delegation in the United Nations many things, but first and foremost it represented a victory for the West over Soviet efforts to seat the Congo delegation of left-wing Patrice Lumumba.

Obviously the Western victory was a blow to the prestige of Soviet Premier Khrushchev who a few week ago was making severe demands at the U.N. General Assembly in New York and w'as seeking to cultivate the friendship of many African and Asian nations. Khrushchevs bitter sttements at the U.N. Assembly, and his threats against the United Nations may well have influenced the outcome of the fight over seating a Congo delegation backed by the West and one backed by the communists.

It is true that African nations represented in the U.N. split on the question of which delegation should represent the Congo. It is also true that a number of uncommitted small nations around the globe abstained when the vote was taken. Even so, the outcome clearly was a victory for the West and a bitter set-back for the Soviet bloc.

By DON SCHLIENZ

No Sympathies Needed.

Last week Father John H3t-land, pastor, of St. Peters parish, left Greenville. Members of his parish and parents with children in St. Gabriels School bade him goodbye at what would have ordinarily been a regular meeting of the Hnme-School Association.

It turned out that a lot of .people who thought they knew the priest, left Ihe meeting with a realization they didnt know

know him despite his two years in Greenville.

I think he was moved more by the circumstances of the gathering than he had been moved in a long time: but the only evidence was in his extremely low voice and his gaze firmly fixed about six inches above the heads of those who came to say farewell.

Those with whom he had dealings knew Father Hyland was la

boring under a physical handicap which he would not let interfere with his strenuous duties.

On that night of goodbyes he told something of the nature of his affliction and why it was he could no longer serve in the field to which he had devoted his life.

He had long known, and now his hsterners knew, there was nothing hopeful in the prognosis for ,his condition.

On leaving, my feelings were not of sympathy for him. . -and that was the surprising part of it all. Instead of sympathy for Father Hyland there was a pride in people, and in being one of them; a pride in the strength that people can display in the face of dark adversity; a pride in the calm confronting of dreams end; a pride in the determination of another man to do his job and to do it well, until it

was beyond his strength ... no matter how he willed himself on.

Of course, this inner strength Isnt possessed by all pcoi^e . . .but any minister of any denomination can teU you It is available.

Glimpsing Just a bit of that strength is a rare thing for many of us; and it leaves one to wonder at the results should that strength be more widely shared by people.

No. I wasnt especially concerned then about Father Hyland's prospects; nor am I now. You might say he Is in good hands. . .the very best, in fact.

Other Editors Saying..,

Hopeless At Best

Hunter-Killer

iactics iaiKea

By JOHN GRIFFIN

SAIGON, Viet Nam (AP) Communist guerrilla warfare and terrorist tactics are presenting a growing menace to South Viet Nam. and the army is considering a switch to hunter-killer tactics to combat the elusive enemy from the Red North.

The idea is to turn the Communists tatics against them. It Is even possible civilian - clad troops will be used.

Some .say adoption of such tactics by the South could spell the difference in this countrys fierce battle against a Communist advance-

After an attempted military coup agaln.st pro-American President Ngo Dinh Diem was defeated recently, and the govern-ment promised to meet at least some of the demands for reforms, this countyrs major concern once again was the military threat from the North.

The Viet Cong organlMtion. controlled by Communist North Viet Nam. had hoped to win power in the South through propaganda and .subversion, but apparently toward the beginning of this year decided there was more to be gained and more time to be won by warlike ladies. Their subversion campaign was defeated by solid economic gams in this Amerlcan-lupported nation of 12 million.

Since then between 3,(X)0 and 5 000 well-irained Viet Cong Communists, dres-sed like pyea.s-ants, nave been operating in the classic Communist guerilla manner 'bf a poor man's army, committing acts of sabotage against rice and food shipments, assassination, raids on villages and other such tactics in a rising wave of terrorism.

They travel light, live off the land, roam the rich rlcelands of the South. They haujjt the swamps of an unguardable border with neutralist Cambodia. They infest Jungled mountains forming a border with tottering, strife-torn Laos.

"What we need Ls elite hunter-killer units which will .stay out in the field not for days or

weeks, but for months, operating in zones of responsibility,** a military expert said.

"They might not even wear uniforms. They will have to know and win the trust of the people in the villages so we can get more intelligence. Right now we are in the dark. The Viet Cong has a better intelligence network.

This will require extensive new training. Military experts say South Viet Nams 150,000-man army has never really had a chance to be properly trained.

Almost everyone In Saigon feels it will take years to beat the Viet Cong military threat down to manageable propor* tiorus. But the new chief of the U S. militarysadvispry group. Lt. Gen. Lionel C. McGarr, a tough World War II and Korean War commander, is a guerrilla warfare expert who has studied Communist tactics.

Military experts here point out that it took the British 10 years and many men to beat the Communists in Malaya.

Ooinions

'^n Brief

When most of us think of a Texan we're inclined to think of a man with a big hat. a bigger roll of greenbacks, and well-to-well c a r p e 11 n g, Thi.s business of drilling for oil, however. is not all peaches and cream. During a period of 15 years, a Texan drilled 188 dry holes at a cost of close to $2.5 milllon.~Ojal (Calif.) New's.

(Henderson Dispatch)

Whatever the figures may In the end show it is well to establish the exact results of the November 8 election in States where the tabulations have not been completed.

On the basis of what is known already, there isnt the faintest chance that enough changes will take place that would overturn Senator Kennedys substantial majority in the electoral college, even if he should in the end come up with a trifle minority margin in the popular vote. If all the States where the count is still in progress were to throw their electoral votes to Vice-President Nixon, Kennedy would still have more than the required 269 to win.

Should the total popular vote show Nixon ahead, it would set off renewed attacks on the electoral college system, which has served the nation well through its long history. Only twice has an electoral college winner been declared elected without a popular vote majority. The last time was when Benjamin Harrison a Republican, became president over Grover Cleveland, a Democrat. seeking a second term. Cleveland ran again four years later and won the presidency for a second time.

Senator Ervin favors revision of the electoral system whereby the vote in the States will be apportioned between the candidates on the ratio of their popular strength. That would come very close to doing away with the electoral college and having the decision by the greatest

number of vote* polled. That, of course, would give the big population centers a tremendous, if not actually the deciding, voice in naming of top national executive officers.

Very few Nixon supporters cling to the forlorn hope that ihere may yet be an overturning of the Kennedy electoral college lead. But that is nowhere in sight,

A close election was generally forecast prior to the balloting, but probably no one anticipated the hairline margin that seems to be in the making. There was greater prospect that Kennedy would have a very substantial lead In the electoral college. That he has won. And while it may be trimmed sharply it will not be sufficient to give the majority to Nixon.

Never before has the total vote .been as large as last week, at better than sixty-seven million. And never before in recent times has there been so narrow a margin, now less than 250,0(K), in the over-all popular vote. Usually the closeness has been in the electoral college. The most outstanding instance of that in many years was Woodrow Wilsons 277 to 254 for Charles E, Hughes In 1916. California at that time had thirteen electoral votes, and after two days of counting they went to Wilson, as.suring him of the 266 then necessary, and more, to win,

rhe exact vote should be determined without fear or favor, but when It is finally established Kennedy will still be the next President.

The writer, not long ago, was anticipating start of a curbing and guttering project on his street.

As It happened, four or five days later work was begun. There was no relation between the early beginning and the column; work crews were even then finishing up a project on an adjoining block, and it fig-gered ours would be next.

The workmen get on the Job soon after I leave in the morning and most of them are gone by the time I return home In the evening; at most, three or four may be still on the scene, tidying up the last few remaining chores.

But my Missus says it surprised her to see how many men. and the amount of equipment needed for what we assume to be relatively simple job. It seems it isnt so simple. . Jio much has to be done by hand, so much preparatory work involved; yet the day-to-day progress Is remarkable.

This may be a kind of heresy, but she says (and I agree) we really get our moneys worth out of the price of $1.60 per foot.

Quote...

Excluding taxei#; the price of a gallon of gasoline is less than a third as much as the price of a gallon of distilled water (75 cents), less than one-ninth as much as t^e price of a gallon of ginger ale (1.83), and less than a tenth as much as the price of a gallon of beer (about $2, excluding taxes).Altoona (Pa.) Mirror.

The

BL00DM08IU

is coming

CROSS

CAU YOUl RfO

>

Guesses

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1960, King Features Syndicate, Iik:.

Guessing about the CaMnet is no longer a game*. Politicians arc deeply concerned because they wonder what wiU hai;H>en to them in this curious election. Businessmen are concerned because they wonder who will direct the Departinent of Justice which, during the Eisenhower Administration, violated both common sense and the economic interests of the country by anti-trust prosecutions which failed to recognize that we were no longer in the Administration of William Howard Taft.

Most of all, interest centers about the Secretary of State. Many names are being mentioned, among them Chester Bowles, Senator Fulbright, Adlal Stevenson, General Gruenther, Dean Acheson and more. None of these have any political claims on President - elect Kennedy. They contributed nothing to his nomination or election.

Chester Bowles, it was once assumed, was sure in. The State Department has two major tasks befwe It: one, is the management of the American aide of the Cold War; the other, is a total reorganization of the State Department which is an unusually incompetenUy organized and managed department of government. Had Vice President Nixon been elected, it was his plan to (Hganlze a new department to supervise all Cold War activities with his Vice President, Henry Cabot Lodge, in charge. This would have left to the State Departinent routine ' matters and would have given any Secretary of State an opportunity to reorganize and rebuild his department. Whether Kennedy will adopt some such plan is not known. Chester Bowles has often expressed his ideas concerning fgreign affairs and is better informed about India, to which he was ambassador, than about the {nroblems of the Cold War.

Senator Fulbrig^ht. as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee of the Senate, is. of course, well informed as to our foreign relations. Apart from that, his administrative abilities have not been on display.

, Adlal Stevenson is natiirally well known to the country. Twice a candidate for the Presidency, he has often expressed hks views on foreign affairs. He is liberal-minded and his language is fus^ but it would appear ihat, on the wlK)le, he is idven to unconsciousness of the perils of the Russian territorial ad-, vanees but has definite Ideas as to what shiHild be done in Latin America.

So we come to Dean Ache-*on. Secretary of State during the Truman Administration. Even his enemies admit that Dean Acheson is an excellent technician in international re-. latlons. Their objection to him is that he was soft on Red China and that he is responsible for the failure in Korea. However, since Dean Acheson left the State Department, he has delivered addresses and has written articles which disclose that his

understanding of the Cold War is sound, that his appraisal of Soviet Russia and tiie growth of the Soviet Universal State is sound. It will perhaps astound Dean Acheson that many of those who formerly opposed him now r^ard him favorably.

Perhaps equal to the Secretary of State hi Importance is the Ambassador to the United Nations. He is daily on tiie firing line. He has to make trip-hammer decisions and his language affects relations im- ' mediately. He must be forthright, experienced, wily and articulate. The best man this country has produced f<r this job Is Henry Cabot Lodge. While no man is indispensable. It would be a waste of talent not to employ Lodgewho is a Reptil-can.

The next most important appointment is the Secretary the Treasury. Many names are mentioned. Two tower above the rest. Eugene Black of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Develoihnent, and ' John J. McCloy who was our pro-consul in Germany from 1949 to 1^2 and subsequently became chairman of the Chase Manhattan Bank. These men understand international finance and the handling of the dollar. This Administration needs talent without regard to party or any other impediment.

(Continued on pag five)

Buying Gol(d Abroaci As Hedge

Has any insurance company yet offered a policy covering the collision of worlds? If not, it is something to think about. Forsyth County <Ga.) News,

Lots of people will get behind a good movement, but they are so far behind It that it rtocNnt help,Crawfordville (Ga.) Ad-vocate-Dcmocrat.

By ELMER ROESSNER Recent flurries in gold prices abroad were the result of beliefs the United States would devalpe the dollar. If the United States set. say. $60 as the price of an ounce of gold, anybody buying gold at any' price below that would make a profit.

Now some Americans are buying gold abroad either to protect their as.sets against devaluations, or In hopes of making a quick profit if the dollar Ls devalued.

While owning gold in the United States, except for aitistic or industrial purposes, or in the form of jewelry or colFctors coins, is Illegal. Americans may legally own it abroad.

HOW TO BUY IT Most brokers and most banks will arrange the purchase of gold bars or coins in Canada or in the legal markets in Europe and elsewhere. The commission is small.

< Custody and Insuiance charges thereafter are minute, about 0.0012 per cent. Even these can

be .saved by buying certificates of ow,nership. (Jold futures can also be purchased with little carrying charges.

But the hedger may not be doing himself any good.

Even''thoush the carrying costs are low, if a person borrows money lo buy gold, he must pay interest on the loan. If he uses his own money, he is losing the eapping power.

If he buys a gold bar for $14.200. he is losing $852 a ye^r that money could be earning him on common stocks yielding 6 per cent, or $497. the money would earn a year in tax-free municipal bonds.

Furthermore, if the United States should devalue the dollar an act the new Administration has pledged itself 3ain.Mit could demand that clti7en.s suj-render all their gold, even If held abroad

The hrflder might escape for a while by using secret bank accounts abroad to purchase*the gold, but he would be in fear

that if the device became known, the government might claim all the gold as a penalty.

HOW TO HEDGE

There are better, legal ways to hedge. Buying stocks in gold mining companies abroad is legal. They would rise in price as gold was declared worth more in dollars. But there has been so much buying of thesejtocks as hedges lately that they are considerably overpriced.

Good stocks in foreign countries with stable currencies would rise sharply If the United States devalues the' dollar.

Good common stocks at home would tend to rise as the dollar fell. They would rise with inflation even the dollar were not devalued.

Buying foreign currencies and then investing them Is also a legal hedge. However. If the United States devalues the dollar. countries whose currency is tied to the dollar would also devalue. Then the investor would have to depend on his invest

ment to break ven.

Prime American real state, paintings and other art works of established value and some gems and jewelry are legal, though not always secure hedges. Tlui resale value of toms jewelry and gems is so low that losses in reselling would be greater than any potential loss through devaluation.

POROUS STAINLESS STEEL SERVES AS FaXER

Many uses are being found for porous stainless steel, recently developed by the steel Industry, Steelways magazine repovle. It Is made from powdered statcdess steel which*is passed throu^ a sintering furnace at a temperature just below the melting point. This causes the particles to form bonds at the point of contact.

By forcing a liquid twice as thick as molasses through a piece of porous steel, one man-ufactprer removes microscopic impurities