PACE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR* GREENVILLE, N. C.

Tuesday, Norember 12, 1160

Tuesday, November 22, 1960

Those Two

No Honeymoon With The Assembly

Reapportionment, schools and finances will lead ^the list of knotty and controversial problems that will greet the new administration of governor-elect Terry Sanford when he meets with the 1961 General Assembly at the outset of his administration.

Any one of these problems in itself would normally be sufficient to throw' the legislature and the states chief executive into difficult situation in any session. With all three of these major problems looming over the 1961 sessionnot to mention others of less importit is not likely that the new governor of the state will have the traditional honeymoon the General Assembly normally accords a governor in his first legislative session.

Keapportionment will be bitter pill for much of North Carolina to swallow in 1961, but there will be no side-stepping the issue next year as has been done for the past several sessions. The General Assembly will have to reapportion itself on the basis of the 1960 census figures even though this one issue is bound to leave scars within the membership of the body. Added to the problem of reapportionment of representation in the state legislature is the problem North Carolina w hich also must be resolved, of reducing the number of congressional districts in

Victory Because Bnemies Known

By LYNN NISBET

IN THE OPEN The war against some disease menaces is being won because the enemy Is being openly recognised.

When your reporter was a lad anybody who mentioned venereal

disease in conversation was almost ostracized from polite society. We didnt know much about tuberculosis in our community. but consumption was more general than most families would admit. In fact. It was something to be ashamed of and kept secret while tiie victim Infected everybody with whom be or she came in contact. We dichit know much about cancer then, either but the rare cases that were recognized were by c(Hnmon consent Just not talked about in public.

lialaria, wiUi accompanying chills and fever, and typhoid with its heavy death rate, were sort of accepted as necessary evils in the scheme of things. Then we learned that getting rid of mosquitoes and flies contributed a great deal to eliminating malaria and typhoid. But before relief was obtained there had to be recognition that the diseases were caused by filth.

It was about 50 years ago that decent people first admitted the presence of tuberculosis in their families and started doing something about it. Tte Great White Plague of the early 1900s has not been entirely licked. But progress made since the disease was openly recognized and treated Justified Dr. Stuart Willis, head of the ^tes TB sanatoria system, to predict that in a few years it would, be relegated to tte status of diphtheria and smallpox as a cause of deaths.

PACING THE ISSUEIt was sometime in the late 1920s that ths late Dr. Carl V. Reynolds, then head of the Buncombe county health department and later State health officer, shocked a group of wcunen with his frank statement that during Uie lew minutes he was talking several hundred women In the United States died in childbirth because of venereal disease infectionand many hundreds of ba-tries came into the world under serious luuadicap for the same reason.

That attitude of bringing the situati(H) out into the light, as practiced by Dr. Reynolds In North Carolina and the U-S. Public Health Service all over the country, has b^-ought ven-eral disease under controlal-thougfat It still is a major cause of physical disability.

Within the past month your rep<Hler has attended meetings of the State Cancer Society and

the Wake County Cancer Society. At both places talks were made and color slides shown with words and pictures portraying organs of the human body that a few years ago would have been banned in mix company.

This overall campaign for bringing health issues to public notice has been worldwide. In North Carolina the names of Louis McBrayer, Paul McCain and Stuart Willis with respect to tuberculosis; Carl Rejmolds with respect to veneral disease and WJD. James, Mark Lindsey and H.O. Williams with respect to cancer are among dozens of others. No list would be complete. because many of the chief contributors, medical and lay personnel, have not been publicized.

The main point is that all these diseases have been, or are being, largely controlled as public health menaces by reason of having them brought out into the open.

GOVERNMENT At the risk of being charged with editorializing, which this reporter is not supposed to do, it is pointed out that politicians and government administrators might profit by taking a leaf from the medical scientists book.

If malaria and typhoid, diphtheria and tuberculosis,) venereal disease and cancer, can be successfully combatted by bringing them into the open, why cannot problems of civic government be solved by the process?

If secrecy about physical disease prevents treatment and cure of the ailments, why do government officials think secrecy of city council, county commissioner, legislative committee or board of higher education metinga held behind closed doors contribute to public civic health?

At about the same time the medical scientists were bringing the matters of physical health into the open, the late Woodrow Wilson was contending for civic and governmental open covenants, openly arrived at The historic record is that the medicos have done a much better Job than the politicos.

Physical diseases are largely under control because they have been brought into the open where tiiey can be fought in fair combat. Most of the political sickness in the world stems from secret agreements and closed door diplomacy. That applies all the way from the small town hall and county courthouse to State capitos and the White Houseand on into the range of international relations.

Tbe D^y Reflector

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In modem times whenever North Carolina had to change its congressional districts, it was a matter of creating a new district and increasing the number of congressmen. This year it is the more difficult task of the legislature to reduce the number of congressional districts and thereby eliminate a congressional seat.

While these two "matters are entirely up to the legislature, the new^ governor will not be able to remain aloof from tte problem. He will be expected to have a hand in determining how the two-fold problem is resolved.

As for schools, Sanford pegged l)is campaign to pushing public education forward rapidly in North Carolina. The emphasis he placed on education during the campaign must be followed with similar emphasis during his administration. Such a course may be expected to 'meet stiff opposition from at least a portion of the membera of the General Assembly. The program Sanford will outline to the General Assembly clearly will envision a sizeable increase in spending for public education. And here the matter of finances will be a factor in determining how much of the proposed program will receive legislative Sanction.

In considering the states financial picture, one cannot overlook the fact that during the currdpt biennium some $271/2 millions of non-recurring revenues are being spent for current expenses. Although tax collections so far in this biennium have indicated a sufficient gain over the previous period to make up for the windfall gained by withholding tax collections, it is still a matter of conjecture whether or not there will exist a lag between recurring state expenses and recurring revenues at the end of the biennium.

It will cost more in the next biennium than in this one to maintain state services at their present level. It will cost still more to improve and expand the programs as have been proposed.

The money problem will be a key to what is finally decided by the legislature, and here again Sanford cannot expect the legislature to see eye-to-eye with him on which is the best course to follow.

Come February, members of the General Assembly will face one of the toughest assignments yet assigned to a legislature. And with them, governor-elect Sanford will face one of the most difficult situations any governor in recent years has had to cope with during the first.legislative session of his administration.

Soviet Strength And The Future

Ugfat Sjv^idite. tu

ReS_Mamniki

By NANCY HARRIS

Word From Grenoble

By WILUAM L. RYAN Associated Press News Analyst

WASHINGTON (AP) Soviet affairs experts conjure up a frightening picture of the use the Kremlin niight make of tiie U.S-S.R. burgeoning economic strength.

Prom one standpoint, it matters little when or whether the Russians make good their boast of overtaking United States production. The key word is trouble, and there is plenty of trouble in store for the United States in any event.

There is no agreement with the proposition that Soviet economic power is rising swiftly. The big question is: What does the

Kremlin intend to do with this power and what does it hope to achieve?

Will it mean more for the Soviet consumerand the mwio-lithlc dictatorship structure of Soviet rule? Will it be thrown into military adventuring? Or will it be used in another kind of bid for world domination through enormous investment in economic'aid to underdeveloped countries?

All signs point to the latter. No qualified student of Soviet affairs says the Kremlin intends world conquest by economic means, with the use of fast productive capacities channeled and concentrated upon political goals.

The Russians now say they except to fulfill their current seven-year plan a year ahead of schedule, in 1964. Their newest published estimates are that they will catch up with the United States by 1968 in those production shperes which are important to the Kremlin. The Kremlin then would be ready for the big offensive.

The.se hopes seem much exaggerated. If consumer goods , are ruled out of the picture. SOviet production might overtake .American by 1973.

But theres small comfort in that. There Is little expectation that the Kremlin intends waiting until its over-all production catches up. Alreadyat the expense of the Soviet consumer it shows signs of preparing to throw enough Soviet resources into foreign economic aid programs to affect significantly the

political behavior of emerging countries-

Soviet economic power already is a potent weapon of politics in Kremlin foreign policy, packed by an evident Kremlin confidence in Soviet military might.

The experts are not about to reach for the panic button, however. Another side to the coin is this: The Kremlin is loaded with its own contradictions, which can Inhibit and interfere wiUi its offensives abroad to expand communism.

The U-S-SJR. cannot veer away from a wasteful, inefficient system for fear that the ruling dictatorships concentrated power will be diluated. Centralization of power long has adversely affected the Soviet economy, and there is strong pressure from Soviet technocrats now in favor of more and more decentralization. *

Russians have sensed tbe emergence of a new sort of leadership which finds itself having to compromise between needs of the Communist partys power structure and the rising dernands of an educated population.

The Kremlin is demanding more and more production per worker and more and more quality in production. To help achieve this, it has instituted systems of labor incentives and bonuses along with high wages in some spheres. But this applies new purchasing power pressure and there is not enough consumer production to absorb it. Close observers are confident that, given sufficient time, this pressure will begin to change the structure of Soviet society.

But they add a word of warning: The hierarchy would rather slow down the rate of Soviet growth deliberately than take chances with reforms which might bring about dangerous change. The party leadership does not want its all-pervading influence over Soviet life to be weakened.

And even if the Soviet economic growth rate were slowed to half what it is now. In the words of one competent observer of the Moscow scene, the Communists would still have enough to be a source of in-terminabie trouble to us whenever and wherever they chose.

(Editors Note: Nancy Harris of Greenville is a Rotary Fellowship student in Grenoble, Prance this year. This column is her report on the first three months of her stay in France. It is in two parts with the second section to appear here tomorrow).

Now that 1 am settled in Grenoble for the year and have begun my studies at the University I would like to share with you some of my impresstons of Prance. What I have to say is in no way reflections of an exprienced European traveler. This is merely a means for you folks back home to share in a small way what I am experiencing here, by this wonderful opportunity made possible for me by the Greenville Rotar-ians. I also hope to bring back a few memories of Eur(H>e to

those of you who have already had the opportunity for .travel abroad.

It hardly seems possible that three months have passed by already. The year has been filled wUh one pleasant surprise after another. My trip began In the best way possiblea voyage across on the S.S. United States! How surprised I was to find that I had been placed in First Class due to overcrowded accommodaticms in Dnuist Class. I iatcr discovered that my good fortune had been due to the fact that the New York agent of the United States Lines was a Rotaran. For four glorious days I led the Life of Riley! My two cabin mates were young exchange teachers going to England for the year. There were a number of young people aboard who were exchange students. It was

Other Editors Saying... Word Is Win, Not Tie

(Richmond News Leader)

A good friend of the United States, General Carlos P. Ro-mulo of the Philippines, bangs an ominous warning bell in the current issue of Readers Digest. Like Dr. Charles Malik, whose June address in WiUiamsbia'g has aroused national attention, General Romulo is a former president of the (^neral Assembly of the United Nations; and like Dr. Malik, he is deeply concerned at Americas apparent indifference to Communist gains throughout the world. In the presence of visible Communist aggression. General Romulo looks about the United States in vain for an angry ground swell of popular protest. He writes:

Amraica, wake up! Shake off the course of inaction that is giving the forces of evil the right of way in this world! Pace up to the blunt 'fact tiiat you are now engaged in a real war and that It must be fought and won. This Is the only alternative to defwit by default!

In jreviewing the Wests ineffectual fight against Communists, General Romulo voices the same anguished protest that Dr. Malik voiced a few months ago. Why is it, he asks, that the West seems always on the defensive? Never once have we aggressively raised Issue to put them on the defensive. When wUl the flabby statesmanship of the Western world come to realize that the cold war is a real war and that, as with all wars, we are certain to lose If we dont take the offenselve?

The democratic coalition, he observes, has been acting in the vain hope of relieving tensions. stabilizing situations, keeping the boat from rock

ing of containing communism,* instead of striving to eliminate the scourge.*

This last, the necessity of eliminating the scourge, is the most urgent of the distressing truths served up in General Ro-mulo's article. To defeat the enemy would not seem to be an unusual aim in warfare, yet pacifists, appeasers, and even much of the general public are appalled at the very suggestion.

We find the suggestion not appalling in any way, but we would ask such thoughtful critics as General Romulo and Dr. Malik to outline specific steps by which the enemy could be overcome and not merely held back. General Romulo is convinced this still can be done without a nuclear showdown. but his plan is short on concrete proposals. He urged only all-out offensive in the fielcis of propaganda, economic aid, public education, and, in general, fighting fire with fire in every part of the globe.*'

All tiieso tools, effectively aiv plied, may be useful. But short of actively fomenting revolution and engaging in deliberate subversion two Communist techniques against which the free world rebelsit seems to us a first reliance must be placed in cultivating the spirit of determined anti - communism to which General Romulo exhorts us. That, too, may be a nebulous objective, but it is vital to every specific maneuver that may later be conceived. As a useful stimulant in developing that spirit, General Romulos clear and friendly warning remains recommended reading for any American.

fun to renew friendships made aboard ship during my stay in Paris.

the United States was just like a big city with all of her luxurious conveniences. My days were spent sunbathing, swimming, and meeting young people. At night we either danc-' ed to the ship's orchestra or attended movies. I even had a chance to speak French aboard ship, for at my table each evening during dinner was a French shoe designer from Paris. However, the French ccmveisation was a little one-sided at Uiat early staff. 1

It had been a thrOUng experience boarding the United States, with the many telegrams and Bon Voyage gifts in the cabin, and leaving the New York harbor, sailing past the Statue of Liberty. Equidiy exciting was my arrival in Prance.

I had corresponded earlier in the summer with a f(nrmer Rotary International Fellow from France. He arranged for his family in LeHavre to meet me when I arrived. The Tourres family was wonderful to me. I remained in their hirnie for nearly a week. It was there whwe I was initiated into the French way of Ufe. The family was a large one, three boys older than I and two girls younger. Two of the boys could apeak English quite well, but they helped me with my French only when I got in a spot. In Just that weeks nu.e 1 felt much more at ease with the French language.

It was (juite inter^tlng to discuss with Di(Uer his impressions of the United States. He had been a student at tiie University of California in 1958. He felt that the French secondary educaticm was much harder and much more disciplined than ours, but felt that our work on the college level was harder and m(H-e severe than in the French universities. I find my studies here at the Univereity Grenoble about the same as home. But there is ohe big difference; there are no exams aU along, only the big final examination. Also, cuts are unlimited. Dldier was quite alarmed at the speed limits in the United States. He told me he received a number of speeding tickets. In FTance there are no speed limits on the highways, except on holidays. On a whole, he did not appreciate the American girls too much. He felt that they had too much freedom, seemed to be too independent, and were engaged in too many social activities. He said the American boys did not have a chance, for the girls made all the decisions. He felt that in the United States it wu definitely a womans world!

Of course. I disagreed with ... He detested our bobby (Continued on page five)

of

at

him.

Jessup On The 'Record

By GEOROE E. 80K(NLSKT

Copyrii^t. 1960, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

Frederick V. Field, an avowed Communist, resigned as secretary of the Institute of Pacific Relations by sending this amazing telegram to Dr. Philip Jessup, who held various important positions in that organization which had such an enormous influence upon Ameri(n policy In China and is now elected to the International Court. Field had agreed to head the American Peace Mobilization, a pro-Russian, pro^jommunlst Fifth Column within the United States;

I have been attending a peace congress of some 6,000 retH^sentatives from all parts of the country, labor, farm, and middleclass organizations. This is a genuine peace movement through the interpretation of democracy. These people and our program r#resent what I have for long profoundly believed in. They are asking me to become the executive of a continuing organization, and I feel a deep conviction that I must a(icept. . This show has been and will be smeared by the newspapers. I anticipate losing the respect (rf many iwresent friends. These developments I regard as Inevitable If we do the Job in this country that was not done in Prance, etc. In view (of) the inevitable criticism and misunderstanding, and because of my continued deep interest in the IPR welfare, I feel that I must, by this telegram, affirm my immediate resignation from aU the IPR responsibilities that its officers wish to accept. Finally I must urgently hope for both personal and professional associations that you will reserve your own Judgment until I can talk with you.

P. V. Field

Dr. Philip Jessup who then headed that organization and who is now elected as American Judge on the International Court of Justice at the Hague, said of this at an executive committee meeting I quote the minutes:

.. Dr. Jessup explained that

he had subsequently talked at length with Mrs. Field who explained in detail the reasons that had lead him to accept the new position- Mr. Parker voiced the feelings of aU present wMm he inquired whether Dr. Jessup felt that Mr. Field could not be persuaded to resume the secretaryship of the American Council. Dr. Jessup itPUed that he ti)ought Mr. Fields decision was final. Under the circumstances It was moved that a minute be drafted indicating the committees acceptance of the resignation with great regret. The minute should Include an appropriate appreciation of the distinguished service which Mr. Field had rendered during 11 years of service with the American k)uncll. The hope was to be expressed that when his new task was completed. It would be possible for him to resume active leadership in the work of the American Council.**

There is a very long record on these subjects in the McCar-ran Committee reports. The Indications are that Dr. Jessup was anti-Chlang Kai-shek, that he co-operated with known American Communists and that In view of subsequent events, his Judgment was wrong.

When Dr. Jessup was In the State Department, one of his advisers on China was Lawrence K. Roslnger who testified that he had been in (hina from April to September 1946 and therefore qualified as an expert! Roslnger prepared a memorandum for Jessup entitled American Policy Toward China. Durhig questioning by the McCarran Committee, Roslnger on several occasions took the plea of the Fifth Amendment. When asked for his authority fot some of his statements, Rofitnger replied:

Senator Ferguson. Yes, but you were- giving the State Department advice. I want to know the source of your advice.

Mr. Roslnger. If you want It in general terms, the source wa.s a great deal of reading and thinking about the China situation.

Asked furtiier:

Senatw Ferguson. Did you meet Mao Tze-tung?

Mr. Roslnger. I respectfully decline to answer, relying on the Constitutional privilege in the Fifth Amendment to tbe C<sti-tution.

There is very mwh more material in the Institute of Pacific Relations records Which show that Dr. Philip Jeuups Judgment concerning F East-(Continued 1 page five)

Strength For Today

Consumer Hasnt Stopped Buying

By EARL L. DOUGLASS DEVOTION This fall an acquaintance of mine was honored on the occasion of his eightieth birthday. This recognition took place at the opening exercises of the university where he has taught for fifty-two years, and where he is still teaching. For more than half a century he has seen the students come and go on the same campus. Several hundred of his students have been children of his former students. In the last five years, lie has begun teaching grandchildwn of his former students.

His record is enviable, and one that few can hope to equal. Relatively few men and women are able to be still active in their professions when they become eighty. And not everyone

finds what is to be hLs lifes work in time to spend fifty years at It.

But the most impressive aspect of his lifetime of service is his loyalty and devotion to his institution and to his work. His university is not largc''^ or prosperous. Many times during the years he could have betier-ed himself financially by going to anotherOr* he might have-left teaching altogether for more remunerative work. In his ambition to attain a certain ideal he did not disdain money. He Just learned how to put it in its proper place.

His service is rewarded now by the love and respect of his colleagues, the affection of half a century of students, and hLs own satisfaction in a Job well done and a trust fulfilled.

By ELMER ROESSNER

The American consumer is a funny fellow.

The consumer literally spent Americas way out of the 1957-58 downtrend. While prophets and pimdlts thought gray thoughts Jout the economy, the Ameri-family cheerfully spent monkey for the things they wanted and^went further Into debt. And 1-1958, production, income _ther indexes were ri.sing a^ait"

But in the strange, cirrent lull, the consumer is not such a blithe spirit.

He hasnt stopped buying. In fact, sales are running ahead of year-ago totals But. apparently, they are not keeping up with Income.

COMPARISONS

Commerce Departments data for September shows retail sales 2 per cent above a year ago,

but 2 per cent under August, 1960.

And Commerces preliminary figures for October show retail sales about 1 per cent above a year ago and 2 per cent above September, 1959.

And while figures continue above year-ago levels, there was a drop in retail sales from the second quarter to the third quarter of this yew'. As the Chicago Federal ReseVve Bank pointed out, *eroa^( income waw ( per cent higher In the third quarter than in the second. But retail salea declined 3 per cent

In other wortls consumers making more and pending less in the July-Septcmber period When consumer Incomes rise but retail purchases drop, one or more of three things may be happening;

1. Consumers may be saving more and spending less.

2. They may be buying more services and less goods.

3. They may be slowing down credit purchases.

In the present situation, consumers appear to be doing a bit of all three.

The Commerce Departments preliminary report for October produces one of those strange things In government statistics: a decline that Is actually a rise.

Sales In October. 1960, were . SUi 597^<iU0jQ(iQ compared with sales of $19,095.000.000 in October, 1959.

Loss? Not a bit of it! When the sales are adjusted for seasonal variations and trading day differences, they totaled 1 per cent more than in October. 1959, tl^e government a s s u r e a us. There were more shopping days In October. 1959,

The' departments adjusted figures show that duiable-gpods

stoFM* sales in October of this year were 4 per cent below a year ago. while sales of non-durables was S per cent.

Sales of tbs food group were $4,516.000.000 last October. 00m-pared with $4,594.000.000 in Octo-ber, 1950. While the dsdins is small, drops in this grcmp have been rare in recent jears.

The automotive group of retailers showed a slight decline, while gasoline servios statkmi show MU imrmsMs.

HOW TO TELL WREN ITS GRANDFA*S DAT

There are 852 special events scheduled for 1961 in Chases Calendar, a paperback publication that lists all the prcnoUoD-al days, weeks and months for each year. The book, something no old promoter should be without. Is published by Apple Tree Pres*. 2322 Mallery St.. Flint 4. Mich. '