PACE POURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C.

Monday, November 21, 190

Monday, November 21, 1960

Jack Said To Look Him Up

itodicol Programs Appear Unlikely

^Wht son'Of^admmwtrfttioT^ program will result from the victory of Democrat John Kennedy in the close election race with GOP nominee Richard Nixon ? ^

There can be'no question about the closeness of the vote having a bearing upon the program and policies which are advocated and carried out during the next four years by the Kennedy administration. With oiiiy the slightest edge in popular vote, the Kennedy administration will be under tremendous pressure to present a program that will be acceptable to as many of the American people as possible. Otherwise, four years from now the Democrats may find themselves on the other side of the slim margin xvhich separated victory from defeat.

While President-elect Kennedy will present a

%

Redistricting North Carolina

Bv LYNN NISBET

STATE SENATORSThe 1960 ceivit found 4.529,556 persons in North Carolina. The constitution provides for 50 members of the Senatp, to be distributed as nearl) as practicable so as to give equal representation. If distributed exactly even that would mean one senator for every 90.590 people. Exact equality cannot be achieved because of further constitutional requirements that no county may be divided unless it be entitled to two or more senators; and that counties comprising districts must be contiguous.

On population basis eight countie.s will be entitled to one full senator each- Three will be entitled to two senators each Mecklenburg with 270,951 people; Guilford with 254.367. and Forsyth with 188.229. The other one-senator counties are Wake with 168.815: Cumberland with 146,61.5; Buncombe with 129,899; Gaston with 127,027, and Durham with 111.239.

Cumberland, Durham and Wake moved in the one-senator bracket by right for the first time, although Durham and Wake have had a full senatdr every session by agreement with other counties in the district. Cumberland has had a seat only every other time under rotation agreement.

Pitt and Robeson counties have been single senator districts since 1941. but lose that status in the 1960 count. Pitt has 69,429 people, and Robeson pushes close to the line with 88.718.

Three two-county two-seat districts in which each county has had a full senator are Edge-combe-Halifax, Johnston-Wayne. and Cabarrus - Rowan. Counties other than Durham and Wake which have had full senate representation by agreement are Cleveland and Iredell.

DISTRICTS The .50-member limitation is constitutional, and cannot be changed by the Legislature. The number of districts Is statutory. Presently there are 33 districts, 16 of which elect one senator each, and the other 17 elect two senators each. There are now seven one county districts: Buncombe, Forsyth,

Gaston, Guilford, Mecklenburg, Pitt and Robeson. Other one-senator districts are made up of Northampton, Vance and Warren: Caswell and Rockingham; Alamance and Orange: Stokes and Surry; Davie, Wilkes and Yadkin; Alexander, Burke and Caldwell; Alleghany. Ashe and Watauga; Avery, Madison. Mitchell and Yancey; Cherokee. Clay. Graham, Macon and Swain.

The one-senator districts ranged from one county to five, and the two-senator districts from two counties to seven. In most of the multi-county districts there hsve been rotation agreements worked out. In the 8-county first district, the 7-county second tnd the 6-county seventh there are no formal or legalized agreements, but a sort of gentlemens understanding about rotating the office among the

counties.

Many people have been puzzled about the reasons for having a senator representing only half a district. Or, to state it another way. about 17 districts having two half instead of one whole senator each. There was evidence of growing sentiment to establish 50 districts with one senator eachbefore the recent election That sentiment is less notica ble now. because the map-making strategists cannot see any way to divide the state into 50 districts without assuring larger Republican membership in the senate. Democracy has different meanings for the idealistic and for the politicians The idealists define it as equal representation for citizens; the politicians think of it in terms of Democratic party control of' the Legislature. (At least two Democratic members of the 1961 senate live in counties which elected Republican representatives. They were saved by Democratic votes in other counties.

TRADING POINT - The job of redistricting the state for representation in the Congress to afford eleven districts instead of the present twelve, and of rearranging the senatorial districts

(consummation of which was a major campaign pledge of Governor Sanford >. may well develop into the most valubale trading point in the 1961 General Assembly. Reapportionment of House membership, if the Constitution is respected, is a simple mathematical process Each county must have one representative. The remaining 20 are distributed on population. Actually. there is left no choice on that point. Congressional and State senatorial seats also must be allotted on basis of population. but there is qualification of as near as may be equal representation In the constitutional mandate.

Most legislators recognize that area and communication facilities shoul<^ be considered along with population in establishing districts. As a practical matter they realize, too, that nothing can be done for several years about consolidating small counties.

The House of Representatives mu.st vote on senatorial district, ju.st as the Senate must vote on House allocation. Eighty-seven of the 120 representatives come from one-member counties. These 87 counties have more than 75 percent of the states area. 60 percent of the population, and about 73 percent of the votes in the House. The 13 counties with two or more representatives have 25 percent of the area, 40 percent of the population and 27 percent of the votes in the House.

Since a three-fifths vote of the entire membership Is required to submit a constitutional amendment, and two-thirds to enact laws under some circumstances, it is obvious that if the little counties stick together they can retain controlby u.se of veto power if not by reason of aggressive leadership

About

and program during th^ naxt four

years, we do not look for it to be nearly as radical as many people predicted during the campaign. Neither do we expect the new Democratic administration to launch into a revolutionary program in apy major phase of domestic policies.

The closeness of the popular vote in this election does not afford a clear and overwhelming mandate for the adoption of any radical departure from the past. The fact that the GOP gained rather than lost strength in Congress suggests that the Democratic president may find a legislative branch that will not be easy to work with as might be expected in view of the numerical majority his party holds in Congress.

The conservative viewpoint held by the Southern delegation in Congress is sure to be evident even though a Democratic president is in the White House.

The obvious delicate balance between victory and defeat which showed up in the popular vote in the recent election will serve as a stabilizing influence on federal matters during the four years ahead. At the same, time it should serve as a moving force that will induce more careful consideration of policies apd programs of both sides than would have been the case had one party or the other been swept into power by a landslide vote.

Overall, the extremely close national election should produce one of the most effective and genuinely productive administrations in many years.

Naval Patrols To Ease Caribbean Area Unrest

U. s. Navy patrols in Caribbean waters will serve as a deterrent to outright communist invasion of some of the smaller Latin American nations in spite of the fact that Cuban and Soviet official sources have pictured the step as another sign of U. S. imperialism. *

For one Uiing, the step breathes life back info the Monroe Doctrine that some viewed as dead as Cuba became-satellite in the Soviet orbit. In the cold war that is developing over Latin America between freedom and communism, the presence of U. S. navy units on patrol in the Caribbean suggests the United States will no longer stand by idly as it did when Cuba was taken over by communism.

On the one hand, the presence of American warships will provide a warning system to detect in-va.sion uniis that might be headed toward the shore of some natipn. It will serve to discourage attempts to launch invasions from the new Soviet beachhead in Cuba. At the same time, the preesence of American ships in the Caribbean will serve as a factor to boost the morale of small, weak nations that are looking to the United States for help in case of open fighting against communism.

Ordering American ships to patrol the Caribban was a decisive .move by the United States that was certain to bring criticism from Cuban and Soviet sources. In all probability the vehement criticism stems as much from the usual propaganda reasons T* Jl. ^

as it does from the fact that this unexpected move V^IllGr IjQltOrS OQVliiy . . . fouled up Soviet-Cuban plans for spreading unrest * ^

and open conflict in some Latin American nations.

The position the United States has now taken with regard to offering protection to Latin American naJ:ions that request its help is in the best interest of those nations. It is likewise in the best interest of the entire Western Hemisphere and the firming up of relations between the United States and its good neighbors to the South.

Just as U. S. patrols in the Far East have proved a deterrent to Red Chinas military aggression, the Caribbean patrols will help settle the situation in the area close to Cuba.

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

Everybody Knows

ack

Copyright. 1960, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

Now that John F. Kennedy has been elected President, every-bod knows Jack. They all knew him when. They all knew his father and mother, his sisters and brothers, his aunts and cousins. his in-laws and presumably his outlaws.

So, we can skip all that for a while. Colunlsts who tell Inside stories about Jack Kennedy and even his w^iie, prove nothing. Most of them repeat little rumors that sound intriguing when spoken but childishly gossipy w'hen one thinks about it,

John F. Kennedy has been elected President of the United States and thats that. From now' on, the President decides whom he wishes to know. He may have been Jack a week ago; today he is Mr. President and a gentleman never addresses him

differently.

It is a lonely job that John Kennedy has now.'* He will sit in that Oval Room alone and all decisions will be his own. He can shift neither authority nor responsibility. When one says that the President is alone, that is hot quite so. He is guarded by Secret Service operatives; he is served by Secretaries: he has to make appointments so closely fitted that he hardly has time for himself or his family. In our country, he suffers the pomp of royalty as well as the labors of an executive. His every moment is watched; he has n(rt a second of privacy nor can he arrange for privacy. Since William McKinley was asslssinated, the President and every member of his family are guarded by an entire nation.

John Kennedy is a member of ft gregarious, extrovertish clan.

.osing A Congressman

Main Fact Is; Kennedy Won

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By RALPH ROBEY

Interpretations of the election will continue for many weeks and many months. So will discussions of w'hy Vice President Nixon lost. All of this will be important, but the over-riding fact is that Senator Kennedy won. The crucial problem is to 'appraise this victory.

Certain conclusions may be stated dogmatically. These are:

1. There was a vast difference between the views of Kennedy and his platform and those of Nixon and hl.s platform. This difference was both philosophical and practical Kennedy believes an increa.se of the power of the Federal Government is desirable and would use this authority to Lccomplish everything he wants. Including a national growth rate of five per cent. Nixon believes that the powtr of the Federal Gcvernment should be re.strained a.ad would accomplish his objectives by depending upon the individual enterprise system.

2. The election was so close. e.*!pecially the popular vote, that no one logically can claim that the result is a mandate. This is doubly so since the difference between the views of the candidates never got through to the general public. And thus is remarkable because there never has been a campaign in which the candidates made more speeche.s or did more traveling.

3. The new Congre.ss will be slightly more conservative than the one that is on the way out. This arises from the Re-ppWtcaTift TTiftlitiw-jr ft amaii gain in the House. The Senate will contain two more Republicans but this is not enough to make any particular difference. The unfortunate withdrawal of Representative Barden of North Carolina and his replacement as Chairman of th^ House Education and Labor Committee by Adam Powell of New York will caii.M* trouble, btit that would have been true had Nuou wou.

Over-all there is no reason for assuming that Kennedy can dominate the Congress to the extent of getting everything he desires passed.

4. Some of Mr. Kennedys preelection advisers have not been friendly to business. But, contrary to the general impression, the Eisenhow?er Administration has not been friendly either. Most of the regulatory agencies have been much more severe dui--in the past eight years than they w'ere under eithed Truman or Roosevelt. Whether Kennedy himself will be actually hostile to business remains to be seen, but there has been no indication that he will be.

5. Government expenditures will increase. That was inevitable in any event. Kennedy probably will try to force spending upward more rapidly than Nixon would have, but it is a difference of degree

6. The new administirfttion will be much less fearful of inflation than the Eisenhower followint has been. Government deficits will be used in preference to tax rate reform when the economy needs stimulating or there is a desire to create more Jobs. Nixon would have used tax rate reform to the maximum extent.

7. Many measures that are not conducive to the smooth and effective functioning of our economic system will be introduced. This means that those who are determined to protect the principles of competitive individual enterpiise will have to work even harder than they have over the past several years.

Putting all these, and many other factors, together It Is our view that the Immediate busi-ne.ss outlook has not been appreciably changed, By "immediate we mean the next three to six months Beyond that we see grave problems which Will determlnt vi'hethe^ we continue to have pro.'iperily or trouble ovtr a wide area.

(Washington Daily New)

During the period between 1950 and 1960 North Carolina gained 12.2 percent population. Despite this rather substantial population gain, our state is losing one of its 12 congressmen.

When we come to the next congressional election in 1962 out state will be electing only 22 congressmen. That means that some time between now and 1962 North Carolina must either redistrict to 11 districts, or all of the states congressmen will be elected at large.

With that thought in mind, it is safe to say that North Carolina wUi redistrict as soon as feasible. No one cay say now just which congressman might be redlstricted out of congress. But one of the 12 must be the victim.

Over North Carolina today there is a feeling among many Democrats that the states only Republican member, Charles Jonas, ought to be the one re-districted "0 it Republicans are already telLng North Carolinans that they had better not try to upset Mr. Jonas. And make no mistake about it. Mr. Jonas offers a threat to any Democrat against whom he might run. If the present Tenth Congressional district is carved up and given to other districts, then whatever district Lincoln county might be placed. Mr. Jonas' home county, then he could run from that district in 1962. But Republicans are saying that he might run_ for governor next time. And while the next guber-. natorlal race is four year* away, it could well be that Mr. Jonas might be the GOP candidate at

that time.

What the Democrat dont want to do is to make a political martyr out of Mr. Jonas. To do so would enhance his political prestige and appeal. While the present Tenth district might figure in a realignment, as will most districts, -it is highly doubtful that a direct attempt will be made to oust Mr. Jonas by legislation rather than by popular vote.

Here in our own First Congressional district, we look for the redistricting action to start and go Westward, We suspect that both Northampton and Bertie counties will be added to the

First District. Then the Second an'd Third districts probably gain counties as the redistricting goes West. And when the mountains are reached, the statft will then have only 11 districts where 12 exist now.

It is a difficult process, and there is no easy way to increase the size of districts. It is rel

atively easy for the state to increase its number of congressmen, but it is most difficult to lose one.

In a real sense every congressman in North Carolina will be affected by this redistricting.

The burden will not be placed upon Mr. Jonas alone. If the First district gets two addional counties as iems likely, it

would add around 10,009 additional voters to the district total.

It is hard to lose a congressman. But we agree with Governor-elect Terry Sanford when he says that we hope to remove Republicans at the pbllsnot by legislation.

The Kennedys like people. True, they are somewhat brash but delightfully so. It is going to be psychologically difficult for Jack Kennedy to take on the full weight of Mr. President, but he will do precisely that, and many who believe that they have an inside track may discover that Uiere is no track.

The father, Joseph Kennedy, has not made his enormous success in life by catering to cronies. Sure, he is unpopular with those who regard him as a lone wol fwho gives a smile and a handshake and moves, on. But Joe Kennedy has been loyal to those who are deserving of loyalty. And it is likely that the children have learned from the father that the way to live is to get the job done and never to carry excess baggage.

It is not at all surprising that Kennedy flew to see Nixon to take the bad taste out of the campaign. That was the gentlemanly thing to do. The noise of a campaign should leave no hard feelings. This country needs at this moment all the talent available and Kennedy will undoubtedly search for talent and wisdom. I doubt whether he will have any prejudices against any man of talent but he is likely to rid himself quickly of hangers-on and wise guys.

Most Presidents soon become slaves of the White House. They only know what their hired staff tells them. They only read what is handed to them, if they read at all, John Kennedy is blessed with a literate, loyal, wcU-trained family. They will be his eyes and ears and they will speak up as they always have done within the Kennedy family. They will not lie. They will not sell him for a fee. They will not make trouble for him. The nation saw this family work during the campaign. They saw Robert Kennedy work for his brother as few men work for themselves. This is a clanthe Kennedysand they stay together in the old-fashioned style.

So the fellows who knew Jack "when might just as well let it go at that. We have heard their stories and tales ana gossip and after January 20th, it will all sound pretty cheap. We give our President at least 100 days of a honeymoon with his job. After that we criticize according to our beliefs as to what is right or wrong, but during the whole of bis tenure in office, he Is Mr. President and one takes off his hat. Then comes the next election and we go to it* with full force.

It may be a little different this time. We are at war; we are in danger. It may be necessary for all forces to join together without partisanship unll the dollar is restored and our economy is safe.

i OKing"

A, Loss

By ROGER BABSON

BABSON PARK . Mass.. Readers who are clienis of investment counselors, or who have active banking houses or brokers attending to their affairs, probably have aim y been notified of the possible advantage that can be secured by taking tax losses.

NO LOWER TAXES IN 19B1

Both Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Nixon promised greater expenditures, due to increased defense needs, larger welfare payments, and perhaps unemployment aid. We cannot now wait for the official statements of the winning candidate, Mr. Kennedy. But we can assume that anything he recommends will be to the interest of the many millions who hold no securities,funds for said payments to be raised through inflationary measures or Increased taxes. Both could work ft hardship on investors.

In deciding what to do, divide your 1960 sales of securities into two groups: (1) Those held longer than six months; (2) those held less than six months. Next, figure out what will be your net long-term gain or loss, and what will be your net short-term gain or loss. Then offset trese net figures, remembering that one dollar of short-term loss can wipe out one dollar of long-term gain, and one dollar of long term loss can offset one doUax of short-term gain.

MORE DETAILS REGARDING LONG-TERM GAINS

Of course, to take advantage of tax losses one must sell the securities, and it may not pay to do this. If an excess of longterm capital gains results, you may reduce this gain by 50 per cent before figuring your tax; and if the tax on long-term gains should exceed 25 per cent of the gains, you may use an aiter-^ nate method of Computing and thus hold down your tax.

In the case of most readers, the capital gains tax will be under 25 per cent of the profits realized. The alternate tax meth? od is used only for net taxabl> income of more than $18,000 foF a single person, $24,000 for the head of a household, and $36,000 for a joint return.

WHAT ABOUT SHORT-TERM GAINS?

The above advantages apply only to long-term gains; they do not apply to the short-term sales cited in item No. 2 of the third paragraph of this column. Therefore, there may be a real tax ad-vamage in lettinl your profits run over the Ix-siOBthfi period! even if it brings you into an* other yearThe government permits you W' carriF %n>1inapplietf capital gains losses forward for the next five years. Of cour.;e, securities should not be sold merely to take a tax loss. If the stock is one about which you are still optimistic, the improvement in price may later provide you with a greater gain than you could get by taking a tax loss now'.

DISFOSING OP YOUR POOREST ISSUES

Personally I give little attention to taking tx losses if I believe my securities are all good. On the other hand, here again one must decide whether we are in a bull market or in a bear market. If you believe we are in a bear market it is better to take tax losses tran it would be If you believed we were still in a buU market. This is another reason for seeking the help of an investment counselor.

Certainly, this is a good time to clear up your list and eliminate the poorest investments. Keep your stocks in the order in which they are rated, and sell one or more of the poorest each year. Ordinarily, It is better to sell these in September or October before the crowd rushes to sell, as they may be doing this time of year. On the other hand, fhost investors may have already taken their capital gains or losses. If so, the market may work up from now to the end of the year rather than continue to decline until the deadline of December 30. 19W,

WAITING THHITY DAYS

Most investors seem to feel that if they sell stocks to take a tax loss, they cannot b uy this same stock back again. This, however. Is perfectly possible if you wait thirty days. If the stock Is fundamentally good, I am inclined to buy the same stock back even though, due to some special nonrecurring event, it may have advanced in price.

Another Housing Boom Coming

By ELMER ROESSNER

There will be a housing boom next year.

Both the Administration and the Democratic majority in Congress are committed to lowering interest rates, which will stimulate the erection of inde pcndently financed homes, and to some kind of government as-SLst to home buyers.

The desire for housing is high; people still keep falling in love and marrying and still keep wanting to get away from inlaw*.

The lag in home building this year has built up latent demand.

The housing program should move through Congress fa.st and easy. The ratio of young voters Ls rising and w'ill continue to rise for many years, in consequence of Ihe war and postwar, baby boom. They are the ones who will Jie wanting lions-lug most, aitcTfew Coogressmeo

will care to antagonize them. OTHER LOOK-AliEADS

Here are more business pre-dlctidns, based on analysis of trends and a sprinkling of advance information:

CoMlirr paint; Rising costs of Ingredients will soon be reflected in paint prices. One of the big companies has scheduled an increase December 1 and other manufacturers arc expected to follow:

A trampoline Chrlstma: The growing craze for trampolines will get a big boost this Christmas. Advance orders indicate that trampolines will be high in popularity in gifts In their price range.

More vending: Film "nd flashbulbs will soon be sold by vending machines. A machine ha.a been developed to .selj 15 types of film, three types of flashbulbs and to accept films for processing. It will shortly be introduced in Florida and in oilier stalea kUa*.

SHOES & SHIRTS Glued shoes: Shoes made

without sewing may appear on the market sometime next year. The development of new adhesives will make them possible.

Disposable shirts: Also coming are disposable shirts, made of paper with the look and feel of fabric. They will be sold from vending machines for 25 or 50 cents, and will be thrown away

when dirty.

More no-lift packaging: Notice how many small articles are firmly attached to large cards in self-service stores? Youll see more items marketed that way. Shoplifting is rising (as it .always dObs when employment dips) and those big cards make it more difficult to swipe^ the product. More small items will also come in larger boxes Paper-back advertising: Ex

pect a sharp rise in advertising in paper books. Some tests have shown good results and many

publishers are Interested in advertising revenue as a means of meeting rising production costs.

OLD PROMOTER ADDS ANOTHER PREDICTION

Speaking of Congress, said the Old Promoter, who had walked in and was reading this column over my shoulder, I have a prediction. Ill ay that the coming Congress will pass a tough conflict-of-interest bill.

It will probably prohibit a former government employee from representing a corporation in a case which he had brought as a government employee, and will be tough in prohibiting former employees from representing private companies in the field in which he was employed hy the government.

Why are you so sure such a Uw will be enacted? we asked.

Because the Congress Is Democratic and the new crop of former government employees will be largely Republican.