r

f AGE rOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C.

Friday, NoBilKir IS, I960

Friday, November 18, 1960

Economic Aid, Russian Style

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V

Rcu;e Opportunity Seized By U.S.

The combination of circumstances are so fortuitous as to be almost unbelievable.

I'^ere we were with hundreds of thousands of servicemens dependents in Western Europe. Some of them in West Berlin, more in West Germany, France and Great Britain. But it was the multitude living right on the front lines of the Cold War that posed a major handicap fdi< American military planning and diplomatic strategists.

Those families were worse than sitting ducks* in the event of hostilities, they were a psychological block to effective action by our soldiers and airmen over there; they were a millstone around the neck of planners in the field of military logistics; they were a nightmare of potential eventualities to tactical and strategic planners; their presence was proof positive to Communists that the United States pe* re of determination was fifty per cent bluff; ^ could not be pulled out in the ordinary coui ' Jid War activity without cau.sing a major war scare in the West and a bad case of itchy trigger finger among the Reds.

?air Deal For Western Hal::

By LYNN MSBET

TWO-WAY A favoritr past* time of Democrats in Eastern North Carolina since the recent election has been rccountins? how that area saved the stale for the Democratic candidates for Preside,.t and Governor. The Indisputable fact is they are richt.

The easterners are using this to support theii- objection to re-tpportionment and redistricting for legislative members in the General Assembly and in the Congre.ss. There is serious question whether that is sound reasoning. Several simHs migh* be used. One is the old gag about which cam. first, the chicken or the egg. Another, and perhaps more pertinent, is comparison with two-way traffic on the voting road.

The overwhelming majority of Democratic voters and legislators in the eastern part of the state, aided by kindred spirits In the small far western mountain counties, has sv jce.^sfullv blocked reapportionment of nfiembershlp in the House of Representatives for 20 years.

Last time congressional and State senatorial districts were realigned was in 1941. In that arrangement the western part of the state got an additional con.gressman, and a little more repr#'.entation in the State Senate. But on proportionate population basis, the East still held sutetantlal advantage. The ea'^tein legislators have successfully blocked change based On the 1950 census, and have Wiven warning thev will seek to prevent it on basis of 1960 figures.

Chief reason is that the West i* becoming more and more Re-|>tthlican. and that increased legislative membership will mean dominance of that party. That may be. but there is some rea-jon to believe that the populous west is moving into the Republican column because it has i>ecn denied equitable treatment l>y the controlling cast.

NATURAL ~ Human nature manifesLs itself in similar wavs In business, political and social jvlations. When customers begin ^ feci that a store is not treating them right, they move their Irade to another store. When .business men in any community feel that they are not being accorded reasonable banking 'Uervice, they petition for a new bankand usually get it. Most pew country clubs stem from jresentment on part of prospec* bve members that the existing club is discriminating against them. It is surprising how many new churches are formed because oligarchic minorities in the established congregations refuse to recognize new corners.

- The same rule applies In politics. It could be that after successive rebuffs in their appeals

for equitable treatment at hands of the Democratic party, the voters in the populous west-central part of the state decided their only hope of relief lay with another party. And that their political defection was reluctant and born of necessity for survival rather than desire to break with tradition.

The stubborn easterners might profit by remembering that often the new ban, or club, or chui'ch. becomes more influential than the mother v organization: and that in seeking to retain power and prestige to which conditions no longer entitle them they may be jeooardizing the influence which does rightlv belong to them by reason of loyalty to the principles upon which State government was built.

Comparable warning U given the nouveau rich westerners, that full exerc'se of temporary power, attained by chance, can play havoc with sound governmenteven to the extent that there wont be much left for them to control.

WASTEIf that should happen. patriotic men and women of all sections would Join hands to rebuild a .sound government, as North Carolinians have done several times in the past.

A pertinently reasonable Question would seem to be: Whv cant patriotic men and w'omen of good will get to^ether now and work out a solution without all that waste

PROBLEMThe problem is not simply one of population or of geographic area. Both must be considered. Maybe it doe.snt make sense to have .500.000 people in the 8-county first district have two senators. Or for Mecklenburgs 300.000 to have Just four representatives, while the 115.000 in the far north-ea.^tern counties have eight.

But the total area of Mecklenburg Ls 542 square miles, every n)k and corner of the county easily accessible by telephone and highway. The first district covers 2.589 square miles, much of it cut off from communication by rivers, sounds and swamps. There cannot be anything approaching adequate representation without communication between the representative and his constituency.

There may be n<? equality in one .senator representing 300,000 people in Mecklenburg and one senator r^resenting 58,000 people in the farthest western senatorial district. There isnt much equality, either, in the Mecklenburg senator having 342 square miles to cover and the western senator having more than 2.000 square miles with much less adequate roads, sprawled over five counties.

There are problems involved. But none that common sense, good will and patriotism cannot resolve with fairness to all concerned.

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In short, they had no business living on the front lines of international tension. The element of morale** is important; but it does not seem from here to outweigh common sense.

Now the majority of them are being summoned homeon economy grounds. Nobody can argue that such economy, at a time when the government is preoccupied by attaining a strong dollar, is not desireable and even necessary. So the world is spared another case of war nerves*.

Of course plans have been long prepared for evacuation of dependents, to get them out of the way of* a shooting war. But it is obvious this great parade of wives and children and nursemaids to the seaports would be possible only if there were days of advance notice. Do you think they would have that much time?

A tactical w arning of a fcw hours, or a surprise attack, leaves much to the imagination; and all of it bad.

And just how dependable would you say the soldier or airman hurrying to his emergency assignment and wondering and Worrying about his wife and children . . . knowing the civilian columns would be subject to strafing and all kinds of murderous harrass-mcnt?

Up to now there has been no move to get the women and children out of Europe before the storm breaksif it breaks.

The Defense Department says there are over 195,-000 of thse in Germany; another 42,000 in France. Those who have given thought to the American servicemens wives and children in those countries will breathe easier when they are all home again.

As we see it, only President Eisenhower could have given such an order. The Kennedy Administration would have been accused of some subtle sabre-rattling and planned maneuvering for that stronger military and diplomatic stance he proposes for the future. Pre.^iident Eisenhow^er, with his term running out, could logically point to the fact he could JiRve no such intentions in mind and only economic necessity dictated the move.

It appears this was the most opportune time conceivable to order home the'overseas dependents.

In view of the anticipated more trying years of international tension ahead, we can think of few more timely moves than this undertaken by President Eisen-how'er in his final weeks in office.

That, and his belated attention to bettering the American position in international finance are two mo.st valuable contributions he is making to the incoming Administration.

Leave Us Jonas For A Worthy Opponent

Its safe to say that no matter what the General Assembly does about cutting back the number of North Carolina congressional districts there will be complain t.s.

The redistricting, to become effective in the 1962 general election, is attributable to the 1960 census which saw North Carolina fail to match over-all population growth of the United States.

Eastern North Carolina (thats us) was especially prominent as the section which trailed others in the state. For that reason it is fair to anticipate next years legislature is going to give our counties an especially cloke scrutiny in their redistricting study.

The First District, comprised of fourteen counties, ha.s a population of 250,000 souls ... a mighty small constituency when one estimates that if each district were equally divided population-wise there woufd be about 414,000 apiece.

So We should anticipate some changes being made dowm our way.

But regardless of how it is finally worked out. The Reflector would go on record as being flatly opposed to any gerrymandering that slices off the lone GOP Congressman in the N. C. delegation, Rep. Charles Raper Jonas.

Being a legislative matter, in a predominately Democratic legislature, the political opportunities of eliminating the 10th Districts Republican spokesman have attracted some attention,

Jonas was overwhelmingly re-elected by the voters of his district last w eek. To us, thatmeans he has been doing a good job.

Efforts to remove him via the excuse of redistricting would reek of foul play and most certainly raise protests from many Democratic voices.

Governor Terry Sanford, referring to such a move, said We hope to remove Republicans at the polls, and not legislate them out; which pretty well reflects our feelings too.

'!^ed China Firm About Formosa

Sounc.

By PATRICIA MOORE

3ig Brother Watching?

Big Brother may be watching you.

Youve heard that before. But weve got a new angle.

There were some little brothers at the E.C.C. football game Saturday evening who want some day to be big brothers in the (you know) fraternities. One little brother had fipe cups and was , busily and, noisily discussing his bottles and ice In somebodys car trunk when another little brother, presumably of the identical order arrived on the scene.

The little brother with all the cups and bottles told the other little brother that he wouldnt

make Uie order because of something or other and the other little brother told the one with all the cups that the big brothers .. . every one of them . . . liked him and he would too get in.

We decided that If we were the big brothers we would find substitutes for both.

Then we saw some big brothers peering all around the stands. Big brothers watching?

Speaking of watching, we have been watching (observing, peering. etc.) art exhibits at the Greenville Art Center for some months. Also taken numerous

Other Editors Saying... Sudget Protests

By JAMES D. WHITE Eormer Associated Press Correspondent in China

SAN FRANCISCO (APt-It is now possible to reach a tentative conclusion about the leal nature of the much talked of split between Peiping and Moscow over the question of peaceful coexistence.

In a word, coexistence is not. the central issue. The real argumentnever admittedseenls to be over Red China's determination to take Formosa.

Soviet Premier Khrushchev has been proclaiming that the great imperialist war with the West predicted by Lenin is not inevitable. The CommunLst world is now strong enough to deter Wc.5tcrn imperialists from waging such a war, and has more to gain through peaceful coexistence permitting economic and political penetration - than it would through a nuclear war w here it too would be left m ruins, the Soviet boss argued.

Chairman Mao T.se-tung of Red China has replied that Lenin was,right and that anyone who says differently Is guilty of being .soft on Western inqierial-usin. Mi'IhiuI Mao.s olivioiis (le fiance of Mascow lav a whole series of siatemeiius by Ked Clum.e leatlejs to this getieiiil

effect:

With 650 million people $ed China is best suited of all the powers to survive a global nuclear holocaust. She could lose almo.st half her people and still be the most populous nation on earth and the strongest on earth where all modern industrial nations lay .,in radiation-poi.soned ruins.

But neither Moscow nor Peiping acknowledges that these deeply antagonistic attitudes amount to a disagreement.

Since 1957, when the first signs of a split appeared, the world has wondered what it really meant.

The answer seenrw to be that co-existenrp certainly Is involved, but that the big, underlying Ksue is For masa.

Peiping claims Formosa as a province of China and Moscow fully supports this claim.

But the tlpoff comes from Felix Greene, a British businessman who lives in Palto Alto. Calif., and who recently returned from 4* month.*; in Red China-

Green repoits he found the Red Chineseincluding Premier Chou En*lal absolutely inflexible on the question of Formosa. (Jtceiie rcconlcd for television a 30f/nimite interview with Ciioti

iCi inlmied on page five)

(Washington Daily News)

The State Board of Higher Education has recommended slashing the sum of about $9,-700,(KK) from the improvement program being sought by state supported colleges.

Somehow in recent years there seems to be a prevailing thought in North Carolina that state supported officials ask for considerable sums in their requests knowing that the amount asked for and the amount received wUl be very much different. There seems to be a feeling that the amount asked for will be cut considerably, and many people openly say pay no attention to the amount asked for because they know when they ask for it that they are not going to get it.

We dont know how much this type of thinking has entered into the requests made by official* of the state-supported schools in North Carolina. We do know that 9.7 million dollars represent a lot of money.

Men and materials play a big part today In our educational progress. And it takes money to provide men and materials. To judge adequately any budgetary request, we ought to look at the picture and base our thinking on what is happening in educational circles. When we hear educators say so strongly that we are losing many professors to other universities because we are not meeting the salary schedules of schools elsewhere, that very predicament ought to cause all of us to stop and meditate carefully.

We realize that the taxpayers are the ones who provide the money. We realize that there is a point beyond which any state should not go in this matter of taxing people. But If we lose

quality in education, we are losing the very lifeblood of education. We Just cannot afford to lose quality in education.

The best facilities in the world are not serving the purpose if we do not have the qualified manpower to teach. We can go along with the idea that we can go slower on certain facilities B^t we cannot afford to take a slow approach to this mounting problem of losing our best college teachers to schools in other states which pay more money.

When such outstanding educators as Bill Friday tell us that we are paying a high price for economy in this particular field, we are inclined to feel that he knows much more about the needs and the problems than we do. And as a result we are inclined to go along with him in his protests.

Many problems of education are the same today as they have always been. The problems of today have been multiplied, however, because of the de- mands made on all colleges through the increased number of of boys and girls seeking educations.

If we increase student bodies, we must also increase materials and men to meet the extra demands. If we increase student bodies and lose many of the best teachers, we are really gaining less than we suppose.

Public officials who will not fight for the best interests of their departments hardly would hold their Jobs very long in North Carolina today. They have more information at hand than we do. But whether they are right or wrong in their protests, we dont blame them one moment for fighting for the beat program they can devise.

pictures of numerous exhibits which involve all sorts of subjects. Much modern art.

No one can accuse us of tbui-ing modern art in any way.

But, some' of our contemporaries! We have to mark our picture for top, bottom and sides. We have to explain, defend and madify.

Finally we turned tables and took a picture of a still life by Hans Moller, German born artist of some note. We thought we had done the trick, with someUilng realistic.

But, our contemporaries persist. They said, they aaid they could see an alka seltzer boUle, an aspirin bottle and a vinegar Jug in their own homes. Ah, but this is art!

Still, looking back through files of past pictures of the modern art. it is convenient to have the bottom and top sides marked . . . convenient we say.

Huntsmens HoUdsy is really Thanksgiving. Times dont really change. The huntsmen say Thanksgiving is a time when men are supposed to go into the woods to kill game to be eaten on that day. following #the example set for them by the first givers of thanks. The women, according to the hunters, are supposed to remain at home and cook.

And about cooking, lomething new in cookbooks has been added to the shelves lay the State of North Carolina. Its a North Carolina seafood cookbook. 50 pages, available from the Public Information Ofce, Department of Conservation and Development, Raleigh.

By GEORGE . B0K0L8KY Copyright. IMO. King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The first order of business after Uie election is the doUax.

The Eisenhower Administration has not understood the nature of. money and got caught in a very tight squeeze when the London gold market ran gold up to $41 an ounce. The legal rate for the United States is $35 an ounce and therefore the rise on the London market meant that there was a sudden purchase of gold as against American dollars.

This rise could have readily, had it cOTitinucd, reduced the value of the dollar tragically.

The question still to be answered is, who was buying this gold? The first assumption was that Soviet Russia was manipulating thi gold market to force a devaluation of the dollaran act which can destroy the economy of the United States. But there is the kind of heaisay which a knowledgeable person would believe astrue, to accept It that American firms and American banks were buying gold by International telephone to London, Zurich and Amsterdam aa r runaway from the dollar.

It is true that an Individual ^ is Justified in protecting himself from economic collapse but It is fairly close to a betrayal of the country to take any step at the present time to damage the dollar which is suffering from bad management.

The campaign la over and. there Is no value in covering up the danger that now exisU to our currency. Xsurmarked gold reserves are not to be counted ^ as belonging td the United States unless the Treasury plans to put an smbargo on gold; otherwise. the only gold reserves art whi^ rsmains to this country after the earmarked gold is deducted. Therefore, the peril is that if measured realistically and r> conservatively, it is possible that we actually have no gold reserves left. The British have a reserve more than $3,000.000,000; the West Germans about $8,000,000.-000; the Russians $9.800.000,000.

If the United States cannot maintain a gold reserve aufficient to uphold the dollar as a hard currency, all Western currencies can collapse. This was one of the reasons why the British the signs of the times. It is in-tober 20-27. They could not let the American dollar go to pot.

This is the Number One question that faces our government now. It is not sound to wait until January SO to do something <

about gold. Something needs to be done now; otherwise, it will not be possible to avoid devaluing the-dollar because the dollar will be without even the 25 per cent gold protection guaranteed by law.

Politicians, as a matter of practice, wait unUl a crisis faces them and then they act. If they succeed in pulling their country out of a bad situation, they are heroes; if they fail, they are cursed. There is not too much time left to play with the dollar.

The October 28th rise in gold was a signal. It was like a small coronary thromboels which often precedes a big blow. If one takes immediate steps, he might avoid disaster. If not. the doctors and speciallfts have to be called in and they are tough guys.

Thoee who have lived .through inflations, as I have, can read the signs of the times. It is interesting. for Instance, to note that the pet^ile who live on margins, mcmey speculators, stockbrokers. arbitragers and auch* (Gontimied <m Iftqit i>

Strength For Today

By EAKL L. DOUGLASS ALL THINGS WELL

Wci often think that we should like to be able to look Into the future and see what it has in store for us. ^

But think about this for a moment. Would you really like to have this gilt? Suppose you discerned far in the distance calamity for you or your loved ones. Every day from the point of that discovery until the calamity came upon you, or upon them, would be an agonizing period of torture. The horror of lega, execution is not Just that a man must suffer death, but that he remains for months, sometimes for years, looking to that day when the inevitable will happen. That, not the actual ex

ecution, is the.greatest punish* ment and torture.

No. lets not think that wt rnuld arrange things better than Lord has in this life, if.wt I had the chance. As the hea-a are high above the earth 18 Gods wisdom and love high above our ignorance and selfishness.

Sometimes we all wish that we could.look a little into the future and see whether or not something we are planning to do would turn out well. But this is only a passing and fanclftL thought. If we ponder life tc any degree we aoon come t< the realization that Qod has doni ab things well. We make a ridiculous mistake if we think wi can improve on God and his methodi.

?oint Of Diminishing Return

By ELMER R0E8SNER

Federal income and corporate tax rates have passed the point of diminishing return and should be reduced, declared Thomas B. Curtis, ranking Republican member of the Senate-House Joint Economic Committee.

Congressman Curtis, of the Second Missouri District, told me that broadening the tax base would solve the problem of increasing Federal revenues. One way, he .said, would be to get the government out of business Another would be to close loopholes. eliminating favoritism.

We have reached the point where Federal, state and local government expend approximately one third of our net national product, he said, Today government lakes so much of the average man's rarnings ibat it has encouraged him to look for tax loopholes and dodges. CURTISS FORMLLA

In eacli .sc.*wsion of Congress there Is renewed talk of further increases in the corporate and individual income tax rates to supply nectwMuy funds for e.v-

panding federal mrograms. Certain changes in.our revenue laws should take place before any attempt is made to further increase the existing tax laws. One of the most basic criticisms I make, both of the Treasury Department arid of the Ways and Means Committees approach to taxation, is the use of the shortsighted assumption that the tax rate is the only factor In computing tax take. Actually, tax take is based upon a more complicated formula.

Thks formula, which may s*nne day be known as Curtiss Formula or Curtiss Law, can be expressed this way:

Tax Base times Tax Rate over Non-Coilectibility equals Tax Revenue Most legislators assume that if thf UX base is $1,000, for example, and the tax rate is 33 per cent, the revenue will be $3,10. But Mr. Curtis pointed out that collectibility is an essential factor and that if the given tax Is only half collectable, the revenue would be only And, he adde<l, the higher

the rate, the lower the collectibility because people increase tfieir use of loopholes and dodgea as the rates rise.

PERSONAL PROPERTY EXAMPLE As an example he cited personal property taxes. They have such a low rate of collectibility that the tax take from a rather broad base is practically nil.

In urging the Federal government to get out of the production of goods and services which could be provided by private industry, he said:

When the Federal government goes Into business, it withdraws an operation from the tax base. In 1929, to illustrate, there was $9 in private UjvesUnent for each $1 of Federal investment. That ratio has now declined to a little less than $5 50 to $1.

Another way of broadening the tax bast is by blocking loopholes. Some methods of doing business seem to be escaping the full tax burden. One of these is the cooperative method. I am talking ationt the big co-opa that have gone way beyond tlie con

cept of little farm co-ops. Big co-ops should not receive the tax preferences they do over corporate organizations.

WANTS COLLECTIONS TIGHTENED

Aggressive and equitable enforcement of our taxing laws Is also needed, the Missourian declared. Billions of dollars eacl year remain uncollected because the Treasury has insufficient and personnel to do the Job.

Inadequate tax enforcement means not only loss of revenue but increued resentment on the part of those taxpayers who pay their lair share. Morik. Fsdtfsd funds should be channeled into this area. Experience has shown us that for every $l spent, $10 is collected in additional revenue, plus the fact that in insisting on adequate enforcement, we preserve the basis of the system which is so largely voluntary.

Tomorrow Congressman Curtis will answer quesliuiis about bills he will fight for in tlie next Congress. to which he was re-elected by a comfortable margin.