PACE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE. N. C.

^ Monday. Novembar 14. 1960

llonday, November 14, 1960

Schools Need Full-Time Attention

Do-It-Yourself A Bomb

V

tr Wiu-

^^A^wv wlMom^AG^iN THIS YEA

Attention focused on public schools during Ameri-cati Education week should not be forgotten now that'

the annual observance of the week k aver.---

In all probability more individual citizens of North Carolina visited their public schools last week than in any other week in the year. They acquainted themselves first-hand with the facilities, they received at least an idea of the programs being carried on in the schools, and they had the' opportunity to discuss with teachers a number of the facets of the public school program. "

It is also likely that these visits to the schools by citizens brought about a different reaction to the schools and their needs than the citizens individually had held prior to their visit. Those who went into the schoolsmany probably for the first time in a number of yearssaw for themselves the physical facilities. Some are adequate, some grossly inadequate to meet the needs of the powing number of youngsters -who enroll in our public schools each year. They also saw equipment, libraries and many of the other things in addition to just classrooms that are required in a school.

"Most North Carolinians recognize the fact that improvement of our public school system is essential to the continued progress of the state. In a very real sense however, many problems which face our schools must b# provided for at the local rather than the state level. It ifl not enough for the citizens of a community to lend their support to the state-wide program for schools that will depend upon legislative action in Ra-

Sigh Of Relie::

At End Of Race

By LYNN NISBET STRATEGY The rank and file of the citizenry breathed ^hs of relief when the election over last Tuesday. There a general attitude of get* ting back to normal business and pleaaure. Not so with the party strategists. They immediately buckled down to the arduous " task of analyzing, appraising and evaluating election results as basis for future operations, ttey began work Wednesday morning on the 1962 and 1964 campaigns. Before the recent election there has been some in-- dlcation of what the general idans would be for strengthen-mg the party organizations.

inescapable conclusion is that Nrth Carolina is moving into the category of a real two-party state. The active rather than passive trase of the verb is used, l^ause there is as of now no

semblance of a real functioning

[ 'Zl statewide Republican party organization. It is quite likely true that more of the votes cast for Nixon and Gavin came from registered Democrats than from admitted Republicans.

; n Steps are being taken, at least

plans are being made, by both

parties to correct that situation. If these plans become effective

there will be fewer hybrid offshoot groups, a much stronger

Republican party and a more

^ honest Defocratic party offering and supporting canitidates in

1962 and 1964 than was evident

in the 1960 campaign.

Lets take a look behind the scenes and see what the strategists are cooking up. Because the minority Republican party

is taking the offensive position, hoping to break the Democratic strangle hold in State govem-

I ment, we will consider its activ*

Bies first.

REPUBLICAN Republican candidates for President and Oovenwr received more votes in North Carolina than ever before. That party will have more members in tiie next General Assembly than any time since 1929. Ttere was a reason back

' ~ef the popular voting for the^ - candidates. Was it real desire to

have Republicans elected? Was it due to the fact that in some instances this was the first time the party had offered candidates? Was it just protest against entrenched Democratic offi^aldom? Did Republican voters register as Democrats *iecaase they were ashamed to be recorded on the other list, or because their party did not otter local candidates? Does the Increasing Republican vote Indicate that if stronger candidates are offered for all offices they may have good chance to win?

Republican strategists are eeklng answers to these ques-Bons. There have been several *'Cff record conferences, and

there will be more. What appears likely Is that specialists in such surveys will be imported from other states to go over the voting record in North Carolina, county by county, with a view to selecting spots for major attack in future campaigns.

First objective will be to get more members in the General Assembly and on the various county boards In 1%2. That effort will be largely preliminary and preparatory for the all-out campaign in 1964 to capture the State captol and to give the North Carolina vote to a Re publican President. There will be more adequate financing of these surveys than ever before, and they will be conducted by men and women of ability and experience.

DEMOCRATS The present leadership of the Democratic party is no happier about conditions in North Carolina than are the Republicans. Plans are in the making for tightening the organization all along the line. Checks are being made on registered Democrats, particularly those who hold places of honor and authority in the organization, who voted for Republicans. It will not be surprising if some are requested to resign party positions. Certainly there is indication that none of that group will be recognized for future appointments in the party.

The leadem make it clear that this attitudemoes not imply any question of the good citizenship or patriotism of the persons involved. The issue is solely whether any political party should put persons in official positions within the party who do not subscribe to its tenets. That is why Republican leaders want Republican voters to register like they vote, and Democratic leaders want their partisans to vote like they register.

The Democratic state chairman has said he expects to put ft full time man in the field to aid local organizations and to promote fuller participation of all registered voters in party affairs.

Strategists in both parties recognize difficulties and hazards in enforcing discipline without losing votes. It looks like there may be In the making a definite two-party system, each of which would have more partisan integrity than either has now. with a large element of independent voters holding the balance of power at the ballot boxbut not permitted controlling voice in the councils of either party.

That concept maintained in the days of Jefferson and Hamilton. Adams and Jackson. Bryan and McKinley, but has- not been very potent in the Roosevelt-Eisen-hower era. and since. Many people think it will be a step backward.

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It is equally important that citizens lend real support to school problems that must be resolved at the local level. It i important that citizens keep themselves informed about conditions in the schools of their community, the needs of the schools and the programs that must be followed in order to meet future needs.

While many people think of public schools as a state-wide system, the quality of the schools in individual communities depends largely on the attitude of the citizens of the particular community toward their schools. In communities where there is good local support for schools," the educational opportunities offered youngsters are superior to those communities in which the people generally have an apathetic attitude toward their schools. _

Regardless of any progressive progrram for schools the state government may adopt, it will still be up to the citizens of each community to determine finally the comparative quality of the schools their youngsters attend.

Nixon Unlikely To Be On The Kennedy Team

An occasional Democrat of stature, commenting on the post-election scene, has been heard to voice hopes Richard Nixons experience would be utilized by the next administration. One even suggested the Vice President a possible choice for Secretary of State.

But in our eyes the chance of Mr. Nixon being a.ssigned a major post in a Democratic administration appear very slim; in fact, almost negligible.

The President-elect seemingly had a cordial respect for his rival through the early stages of their race. Toward the end it was commonly reported this attitude had been sharply reversed.

Nor does it seem reasonable that a Democratic President who campaigned on the premise all U. S. troubles were attributable to the GOP administration, would turn to the people he had been discrediting for help in his own efforts.

The Vice President is still relatively young, able, and a vote-getter. His political life has not been finished, and he might properly regard working for a Demo Administration as a handicap to future prospects.

The chances of Mr. Nixon staying in Washington on public business appear very remote.

Securities Anc. Their Big Role

'Res-MmSh

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

rbanization And U.S.

By RALPH ROBEY

What happena to the price of securities on the New York Stock Exchange is of founda-mental importance for the three following reasons.

First, many millions of individuals own securities directly and many more millions own them indirectly through pension and mutual funds, and other investment organizations.

Second, the behavior of the market has a widespread psychological effort upon business men and the public at large.

Third, many persons believe that the stock market is one of our most accurate forecasters of the business trend. The record does not support this contention, but the belief persists.

Recently the market has been having a rather tough time. What may one conclude as to the future?

As usual we shall use the Dow Jones industrial average in discussing the market. This is the most widely used measure of stock prices, and it also is the basis of the so-called Dow theory. This theory is accepted as a guide for investment by only a limited number of persons, but it proves correct so much of the time that it has a decided influence upon the market itself.

The high of the market as measured by the Dow-Jones industrial average was last January 5, at 685 and that was an all-time high. At that level stock prices obviously were vulnerable. The yield on high grade stocks was well below that on the best bonds, and prices were at a very high multiple of earnings. A decline was in order and it came, not as a continuous trend, but persistently. By March

8 the average was 599. Then came a substantial rally.

Now, under the Dow theory, a low must be tested. That took place in May and the previous low held. In July the low again was tested and it held.

Usually when the market makes a low and that figure holds under a test, it means that we are ready for a sustained advance. With two tests that failed to penetrate the previous low. it appeared we certainly should move -forward. But this time it was not to be. In September the market went through the previous low, and in October still another new bottom was reached. We are now In the position.

therefore, of having a low which has not been tested. Almost certainly it will be in time.

Does this mean that an investor should sell his securities with the hope of buying them back at a lower cost, or if he already has a cash position that he should delay making purchases?

It certainly does not mean this. If one needs some losses to offset gains. It may be wise to shift securities, but selling with the hope of buying back at a lower price is always a risky businessespecially in view of present taxes and this is not the time to take this' gamble.

It also must be borne in mind that one neither buys nor sells the market. He buys or sells individual stocks, and the smart investor does this In a declining market just as well as in an advancing market.

At present there are many companies whose securities have been over-sold, and they may be purchased with about as much confidence as one can ever have in the stock market. Even some of the blue-chips, and many of the pale blue chips, fall in this category, and their yield is fairly good.

Now picking out an attractive stock to buy is not an easy task but it is absolutely essential if one is to make profits. Granting one makes or gets such an ex- pert analysis, this is a good time to buyassuming that one does not get worried or panic if the price happens to fall below what he paid.

Copyright, 1960 King Features Syndicate, Inc.

What the recent election has proved is that the urbanization of American life has altered the thinking, perhaps even the nature of the American. A century ago he was, in the main, a farmer, a rancher, a miner; he lived generally in an isolated farm house with his family about him, even to the third generation.

In 1860, the population of the United States was 31313,000 compared to about 180,000.000 today. In 1860, the rural population was 25,226,000 as compared with 6,216,000 in cities; today, the fibres would show a reverse ratio. Urban population was in 1959, 104.990,000; rural 68,717,000, exclusive of the military.

Ira deA. Reid said at the 1960 White House Conference on Children and Ycwth about the urban environment:

It is the area of the population explosion with its high fertility, low mortality, and increasing employment of mothers. It is an area where religious affiliation is increasing, and the pursuit of pleasure is more possible than ever. This urban world was molded in part by forces which have given us the moral order of the slum, the need for bohemia in an otherwise well-ordered society, the have-to-look-happy families of our young executives, the anxious ex-urbanite, the contented though dominated small town dweller, smd the organization child who has learned to package his personality for sale to his organization parent.

Politically, the rural community was more homogeneous than the urban which is a multi-group community, the rural community could accept isolationism as a doctrine because it was largely isolated, integrat-

Other Editors Saying . Electoral Vote Oddity

Opinions In Brief

You can still buy most things at the old figures. It's.the decimal point that has shifted. Wall Street Journal.

Americans owe It to themselves to know something about the causes they give to, and to insist on public report^ of what i.s done with the money and public scrutiny of the budgets and plans of the charities. De.s Moines Register.

(Henderson Dispatch)

How it was in other States we do not know, but here in North Carolina, voters knew no more about the identity of presidential, electors in their district than the half civilized inhabitants of the Congo know who will run their government tomorrow or next week. Names of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates appeared on the ballot as a means of avoiding confusion. There was no mistaking the way they wished to cast their ballot

The electoral college consists In each State of one member for each representative and senator in Congress. In North Carolina, for instance, the State has twelve congressmen and two senators. Therefore, it has fourteen electoral votes. After the election, they meet within the State and cast their own votes for the - party they represent, or for any one else they choose. They are not bound by the election results, under the law. When they have voted, their decision is certified and sent to the secretary of the United States Senate ?ind it is opened and recorded in a session of that body, and the president of the Senate then declares the results.

The electoral college came into existence as a hedge against large population centers dominating the country through choosing by their preponderant numbers the chief executive officers. It is designed as a certain degree of '^guarantee to the individual Slates of a voice in choosing national officals. Each

State, large or small, had two members of the Senate, no more and no less, fixed by the Constitution, and each, however small its population, has at least one member of the House, and more in proportion to population.

That is the manner In which the electoral system safeguards the representation of all parts of the nation. It is an odd arrangement, but is another of those painstaking precautions taken by the Founding Fathers in the interest of pure, unadulterated democracy as representative of all the people to the fullest extent possible.

In the present election, Richard M. Nixon received almost as many popular votes as did Senator Kennedy, and the possibility is seen that he could be a strange quirk of fate, have even a majority. Yet Kennedy, by last accounting, held approximately three hundred electoral votes or some thirty or more above the required 269 necessary to a choice.

In recent years there has been agitation for altering the electoral vote system by a complicated process which most pople would never comprehend. The existing arrangement has worked well for 180 years of the life of the nation. The mild clamor for changes may derive from partisans who can see some advantage to their political group by bringing that about. We can see no great ur-gen'cy for abandoning the present requirement.

ed. Intermarried, monolithic In its ideas. It is for this reason that it was possible to say that a state like Michigan was Republican and Virginia Democratic. Today, It is not possible to make such estimates because Michigan is an industrial state with a large urban population living on wages in industry which is concerned with world markets, whereas Virginia Is offended by the Big City social and economic ideas of the North.

Even rural society has been changed by the automobile, radio and television so that a -remote farm is close to an urban center, reads an urban newspaper and probably a New York City edited magazine. In fact, one New York newspaper is rapidly developing^ monopolistic practices which may ultimately cihange the character of the rural press. Samuel W. Blizzard said this well:

Rural dwellers and farmers are a minority group In a multiple - industiT society where economic values are paramount and farmers are consumers, as all producers are. This fact has restructured rural society, especially for the commercial farmer as distinct from the traditional farmer, undermining the traditional Protestant and puritan ethic of work, industriousness, frugality, and thrift that was basic to the rural economy. In the modem rural conmun-ity where farmers operate like businessmen everywhere, taking calculated risks and using money and credit as a means to an end. this old Protestant ethic Is no longer Important.

The Calviitistic ethic which was the basis of American life for nearly three centuries has been pounded hard by all sorts of modem trends and newer peoples In our city communities. It is remarkable, however, that Protestantism, in its various forms of individualistic, non-conformlstlc socfety, does survive and in the present period* is making a new progress which surprises even its own leaders. Such a figure as BiUy Graham and ich a movement as Moral Re-Armament cannot be ignored in any appraisal of what is happening to the United States in this year 1960.

Population shifts have also altered the centers of significance. For Instance, the development of the Southwest has brought both Texas and California into major areas of population. Many of the Southern states are becoming industrialized and Northern and Eastern families are moving into the Industrial cities of the South, bringing with them ideas and traditions which are alien to the South.

(Continued on page five)

Ihnit

Havino

Jr llect

By ;boger babson

BABSON PARK. Mass., Up until a few months ago, the popular subject of discussion was the so-caUed "golden sixties business boom. Expectations were based largely upon the projected growth in pcn^ulation and consumer spen^g, predicated upon the free-spending attitude of consumers since the end of World War n. Cwisumers have upset the applecart, however, by exhibiting greater patience with regard to building new homes and purchasing durable goods. Moreover, they are putting away larger amounts in savings. The net result has been"^ a flowing down of industrial activity.

PUTTING THE BRAKES ON INFLATION

Political promises have been thrown at voters by the candidates in an attempt to claim credit for halting Inflation. The truth of the matter is that the bulk of the credit belongs to the consumers. Although Federal monetary policies designed to thighten credit can dampen inflationary pressures, it is the voluntary action of amsumers which determines spending and borrowing:.

By sticking toa systematic and Intelligent savlngs'program. the readers of this column can both help check inflation and lay the groundwork for a healthy period of future economic growth. Cure-all legislation suggested by politicians appears very tempting; but it is the old-fasioned habit of THRIPT which, in the long run, will promote sound business growth and hold down Inflation.

WHAT ABOUT SAVINGS?

At the present time, the rate of individual savings has been increased to over $25 billion a year. This is almost $1 billion more than people saved in the 1958 recession year, and almost $2 billion more than they put away last year. In addition, by easing up on bank borrowings and whittling down their outstanding loans, consumers have held the Inflationary rise of consumer debt in check.

The task of saving today is made easier by the record level of personal income. However, this increase in income presents also a strong inducement to indiscriminate spending. Hence, the fact that consumers have voluntarily chosen to put aside more money for the future makes me more optimistic on the future of this country! PUTTING SAVINGS TO WORK

In recent years, the low interest rate on savings bonds has discouraged saving via that sector. In fact, many people have been cashing is such bonds. At long last tbe Government has raised the Interest rate on these .bonds to make them competitive with k>ther savings media; so It may be that savings will again be put into goverzunent savings bonds.

Savings accounts in aommer-cial banks, mutual savings banks, and savings and loan associations are at an all-time high. Savings in the fCKrm of life Insurance including endowments and annuities also ciMitinue to Increase to new record levels. These, of course, are old stand-bys for savings. Today more people are funnel-Ing savings into real estate and the stock market,either directly, or Indirectly through the purchase of Mutual Investment Trust shares.

GUARD YOUR NEST EGO

I am not worried about those people who have a fair propor'-tion of their savings in bank deposits and government bonds.

I am, however, fearful for the neoi^tes who are attempting to get rich quick in Yeal estate or the stock market. These people too often neglect to build up flnt a cushion of cash re serves. The decline of over a hundred points in the stock market this year, and the laggard real estaie market, show that investing is a one-way affair. . .always going up. Market declines are a natural occurrence, and they can hurt those wlw invest Indirectly through the various Funds as well as those who do their own buying of stock, real estate, etc.

In view of the uncertain world conditions and domestic business maladjustments, my advice is to build up cash reserves and wait patiently for real bargain Investment opportunities. Your thiifU-nessnot that of the politicians is the hope for health business.

What Sherman said about a shooting war also goes for a cold war. Greensboro (Ga.) Herald-Journal.

Bncouragina Merchant Marine

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS GOOD AGE AFTER ALL

A minister announced from a pulpit several weeks ago that a member of that congregation had undergone a severe operation and that forty pints of blood were due to be returned to the blood bank. He appealed for volnnieers anl the re.sponse was favorable and prompt.

Two observations need to be made rearding such a situation. The fust is that we Live in a wonderful age. Poor George Washington died before his time because his physicians insisted on taking eighty ounces of blood out of his veins. Today ^'e have learned how to support'^^a sinking , patient and keep him from death with transfusions. This, along with other discoveries in

modern science makes this age a blessed one In which to live.

The second observation one could make on this situation is that human beings are not so bad after all. They are ready to rush to the hospital and give their blood Just as their hardy forebearers rushed to the battlefield and allowed their blood to be shed in enterprises involving right and wrong.

And it .should be said in all fairne.ss that not only people of religious faith, but frequently people of no faith at all have this w^onderful spirit of giving in behalf of humanity. Such impulses are the outpouring of a praclou.s and loving heart.

There just must be a good and loving God in the universe to hayp made such fine people!

By ELMER ROESSNER

A determined fight for strengthening the American Merchant Marine will soon develop. It will be fought on two fronts. One will* be for legislation or administrative rulings, giving a larger share of exports to American ships. The other will be to encourage exporters to use American bottoms.

A basic reason for the fight is that a declining percentage of American trade is being carried on ships flying the United States flag.

American flag lines complain they have been getting smaler shares of both guvernment a:.d private business A Congressional resolution once required all American-financed cargoes to be carried in American bottoms, but interpretations have allowed the ships carrying the flag.s of beneficiary companies to share the business.

American shippers point out that sending goods abroad in foreign bottoms inci^eases the drain

cn gold. U. S. money paid foreign shipping lines eventually may become demands for gold; on the other hand, foreign money earned by American ships could offset an equal demand for gold.

HOPE IN NEW CONGRESS

A campagn for better treatment of the American merchant marine is likely to be mounted ir the next few months, largely with the idea that the new Congress will be more receptive.

Here are other look-ahead.<s in business;

Fur bargains: Many fur dealers appear to have heavy carryovers from last year. Prices at oealer levels have been weak and the weakness will soon spread to the retail level.

Lower intwest rates: Theres a wait and see attitude among many industrial leaders, postponing plant and equipment commitments until theres a better idea of how the new Congress will act. The Federal Reserve and the Treasury will not wait.

and will shortly take action to make money easier to borrow. LET NATURE-

.No made wo-k now: Thera will be no government action to create leaf-raklng jobs for the unemployed. The situation will take care of itself for the rest of the Elsenhower Administration. Christmas shopping and post-office hiring, plus a seasonal upturn in manufacturing, will automatically increase employment. On top of that, defense contracts let before the election campaign are just now being translated into employment. The employment situation will be fairly good until January, at least.

Stable costs of living: Little change in the cost of living will be noticed during the rest of the winter. Foodstuffs appear to be in balance with'demand; higher auto and appliance prices have already been taken Into account; pressures on prices of other items aie mixed, balancing one another.

With production and inventories high and demand lagging, prices of most nonlerrous metals will decline further. The trend toward imallr autos, requiring less copper, chrome, etc., will add to the weakness. **

OLD PROMOTER POINTS TO VAST PROMOTIONAL TALENT

Oh, theres opportunity knock-ing today for corporations and ambitious personalities! ths Old Promoter said on his visit today.

Like what? we asked.

The opportunity to get famous. to develop the corporate image, to promote the product! he said. Dont you realize that this week about 10,000 political press agents are out of work? What massive talent! What cleverness! What guile! And both DemoqraUc and Republican types are available. If anybody w'ants publicity, heres a chance to pick up anything from alnglt press agents to 10(^man teams.

Okay, businessi Take em

h