rHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C.

Friday, October 28, 1960

Friday, October 28, 1960

aying The Groundwork

A Realistic Policy On Load Levels

It is well for Pitt County and the w^hole of Eastern Carolina that the State Highway Department has set aside a proposal that would have arbitrarily set an 8,000-pound-per-axle load limit on some 15 miles of roads to the Voice of America construction sites in

this vicinity. t x xv -x

In a much more realistic approach to the situation, the Highway Department this week announced that the load limft on the roads in question would be returned to the statutory limit of 18,000 pounds per

axle. ,

The Highway Department apparently has come

to the conclusion that the state will be amply protected from damage to the roads because of anticipated contract provisions with firms working on the major construction projects at the three sites. It is also apparent that the Department has reconsidered the proposed load limits from the standpoint of getting the materials required for the construction program to the designated locations.

Had the extremely low" load limits been put into effect it could have adversely affected major construction programs considered in the future in many areas of Eastern Carolina. The low load limits would have set a precedent that might be follow".ed w'herever secondary roads are concerned. And with so much of the area in this section of the state served by secondary roads, many prospective industrial plant locations might have been eliminated because of an impractical

iDortons Farm ?roaram Ideas

By LYNN NISBET

AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM Dr. J.S. Dorton, manager of ibe N.C. State Pair, haus wrlt-len to Sen. John F. Kennedy and Terry Sanford, whom he expects to be elected President and Governor, proposing a dif-icrwit Und of agricultural program. The idea isnt really new to !. Dorton. He conceived it while serving as director of the War Manpower Commission for North Carolina during the second world war.

The late Max Gardner, former Governor and Uen director of ReoonversioQ and Development under President Roosevelt, thought well of the idea but felt it was too far advanced for that time.

Briefly, the plan is this: Spell out in plain words Just who is a fanner. Social Security regulations say that to be eligible for social security payments a fanner must derive 51 per cent of his income from the farm. The Federal Government disaster relief rules say that for a farmer to receive aid under this program he must derive 51 per cent of his Income from the farm. Yet there are many giant corporations engaged in farming In active c<xnpetitkm with the family fanners, although not recognised for social security or disaster purposes, but get guaranteed parity payments for their produce.

Dorton suggests Uurt tiie lands now being farmed by the giant corporations be purchased by the govMmment and resold to family farmers who would then be freed from corpiwrate Hnpe-and thereby enabled to am a livelihood <m the farm.

^ Absentee kuufiords docUn^. lawyers, bankers, etc.who do not live or wtn-k on the farm, but who hold lands for enhanced values, would be disqualified for parity luiyments unless as much as 51 per cent of their tncome came off the farm.

UNFAIR Doft<xi points out that professional men do not lokrate farmers coming into fiieir ranks for practice wlUiout meeting the qualifications established for the professionand have the government subsidize them when they failed to make ood. He thinks it unfair for the professional men to move into farming without complying with the rules established for bona fkle farmers of 52 per cent income.

The corpwiitions and absentee JaiKllords are satisfied to get parity payments for their crops, even though that is less than cost of production. They do not ctepend upon ti farm for a living and are content to take their profit from increasing land values. The family farmer must live off his work n the farm.

It seems unfair and unrealistic that the family farmer ^ould

bear the brunt of competition from Individuals or groups in every known trade, occupation or profession, while these same individuals and groups enjoy protection from competition by their various licensing boards, commissions, etc. Yet the only real resource (that of farming) goes unlicensed, unguarded and unprotected from anybody who wants to enter the field.

EXCEPTIONS Exceptions are made in cases of wealthy men who operate farms primarily for improvement of crops, livestock and methods, whose experiences are passed along for the benefit of all farmers. In this category are included such people as Cam Morrison, the HiUs at Durham, the Lathams at Belhaven, Reynolds and others at WinsUHi-Salem, McNairs and Pates at Laurinburg, Cokers at Hartsville and similar operators. Numerous feed and fertilizer mills conduct extensive experimental farms that contribute to rather than compete wh the family farmers.

NOT NEWDr. Dorton insists there is nothing new in the idea of protecting business and professions from unrestricted competition. For years the government has protected public utilities from promiscuous competition from outsiders and guaranteed a profit. This, too. is a form of subsidy. There is nothing wrong in the protection and guarantee of profits for utilities and professions. Why, then, he asks, should the inadequate parity program witrout any protection for the farmer be cited as a terrible socialistic thing? There is justification for the tax write-off allowed oil companies and many big manufacturers handling billions of dollars in government contracts. Why overlook these guaranties and subsidies and talk about the little bit given the farmer as if it were the only one? The parity and subsidy phase is not as important as the unrestricted competition of non-farm residents who are protected in their own primary areas of activity.

Dr. Dorton does not offer his plan as a panacea. He says there are other approaches than the present system to solution of our floundering agricultural program. And he thinks the only successful plan will be on that saves the small family farm from absorption of destruction by corporate moguls and absentee landlords. In all the annals of history, he says, no nation on earth has ever surrived without a strong agricultural program of family farm operations.'' Russia, with all her know-how in sputniks, missiles and collective farming has not even remotely approached our achievements in agriculture under the family farm sy.stem and is .vet unable to feed her own people.

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position with respect to road load limits taken by the HigrhWay Department

While this particular incident with respect to low ^ load limits on secondary roads concerned only Pitt and" Beaufort Counties, it had implications which might have been brought to bear in any county in the area where secondary roads afforded the only practical means of getting a huge volume of material to a major construction site.

In this case the federal governments $26 million Voice of America installation was the industry involved in construction. Subsequently the industrial prospect might be a private firm that would eliminate the entire area from consideration if it felt there would be probleriis with the Highway Department over transporting materials needed to build a large plant.

By its decision to set aside the impractically low load limits on the secondary roads leading to the VGA sites, the Highway Department alleviated a potentially serious problem with respect to construction of this major facility. It has likewise avoided setting a policy that probably would adversely affect the future industrial and economic development in many places in East Carolina.

Polls And Opinion Are Turning To Kennedy

No one can tell for sure w"ho will win an election until the votes are counted. Polls can show trends, surveys may reveal shifting sentiment and political statisticians may make predictions.

In the final analysis, however, the individual voters make the decision when they enter the privacy of the voting booth . . . and that moment comes only on election day.

Therefore polls and surveys cannot be viewed as sure-fire methods of indicating what the voters will do on election day. The best the polls can do is indicate how people feel at a particular moment, and even then it should be realized that any opinion poll reaches only a small portion of any group of people.

In recent weeks it has become evident that the opinion polls taken around the nation show an apparent shift of sentiment from Vice President Nixon and the Republican party to Sen. John Kqnnedy and the Democratic party. At the outset of the current campaign Vice President Nixoq was considered by most experts the odds-on favorite to soundly defeat the Democratic Party candidate. These were the predictions even though they were usually modified with the additional comment that it would be a close election.

Now the tide appears to be running the other way. Sen. Kennedy has become the favorite in most opinion polls taken across the nation, and even the betting odds at Las Vagas have shifted from Nixon to Kennedys favor.

As the campaign moves into the final days before the election it is evident that Sen. Kennedy has gained considerably more strength since the convention than Vice President Nixon has. Sen. Kennedys popularity appears to be growing almost daily w"hile Vice President Nixons strength, if not weakening, certainly does not seem to be getting greater.

The conditions reflect, we think, a growing desire on the part of the people to be led during the next four years by Sen. Kennedy and the Democratic party rather than risking what may be an uncertain course charted by Vice President Nixon and the GOP.

Sdldi Not Quite '-orgotten Mon

Sjrndiet. la*.

By HENRY HOWARD

Children Hein Children

As a column idea, its worn plumb to death; but, maybe some of us can bear a little repetition on the subject. Monday night Greenvilles younger set will be on the rampage again. As you are all well aware, Monday just happens to be Oct. 31. And, of course, Oct. 31 is always Halloween Day.

Furthermore, all Halloween Days are marked by the rampaging younger set. After all, its the one day of the year when pranks, ghosts, and most usually disdainful things' are nearly permissible.

One of those things that has become not only acceptable but

even an anticipated feature of Halloween Days ia a new type of "rampage by the little people.

In all sincerity the kids set out early on Halloween Night seeking treats fr<Hn each house in the neighborhood.

In past years they sougnt candy. cookies, and such for their own enjoyment as a bribe to relieve the donors from the threat of ominous pranks and tricks.

Since UNICEF, however, th kids have been trick-or-treating wdth one objective in mindto collect donation.^ from each house for the United Nations Childrens Fund.

Other Editors Saying ... On Winning And Losing

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (APi Adlai E. Stevenson, who entranced millions with his eloquence in the presidential campaigns of 1952 and 1956, is not the completely forgotten man of 1960.

But although he is still diligent with his sentences, he is hardly more than a minor voice on the outer fringes of the campaign.

The Democrats, after twice making him their presidential choice, this year swept him into the backwater of history along with all the other also-rans when they brushed him aside none too gently for Sen., John F. Kennedy.

Now he is doing what he said he would do although, when he said it, what he thought he might be doing was running for pre.sident.

Last June, still thinking he might get a third nomination without asking for it, he said: ! will serve my country and my party whenever called upon.

He has been called uponto ftiimp for Kennedy. He has been pursuing that task gracefully with many fine and pleasant things to say about the man who beat him and many unpleasant things to say about Vice President Richard M. Nixon.

Self-conscious Stevenson used to exasperate newsmen with his fidgety fussing over sentences

and phrases and his endless writing and rewriting of his speeches on plane hops between stops.

The result used to be that newsmen often got his speeches late which meant newspapers and the public got them late and even then had to watch every word he spoke to check any last-minute changes.

Kennedy, like Nixon, talks off the cuff. Stevenson was a literary dancing master. Kennedy gives the impression of a young man who hardly has time to say hell.

Kennedy, like Nixon, harps on the same theme day after day with small variations until covering both men sometimes develops a painful monotony.

Listening to Stevenson often became painful for people who might admire his sentence structure but wish for more force and less gentility.

Still, Kennedy as a phrase-maker isnt in the same league with Stevenson who even at this late date, and despite his minor role, is fastidious about his adjectives.

Rut Slevemson, despite the piim impression he made, was T/Ugher on President Eisehhow-ei than Kennedy is on Nixon. * T( a man like Stevenson, who hovers over the English language like a nursemaid tucking a baby in bed, it may be some-(Contlnued on Page k)

(Greensboro Dally News)

Walter Lippmann and others raise a pertinent question about the advisability of a fifth television debate between Kennedy and Nixon.

The four debates, few will deny, have given the American people unparalleled opportunity to see their presidential candidates in action and under stress together.

But the issue of a fifth debate centers on whether it should be limited to a given topic, like Cuba, broadened to include the whole field of differences or turned once more into a question and answer session.

We oppose anoUier question and answer session. The fourth debate, although more lively than the third, merely rehashed issues already discussed. Seme of the questions asked by TV correspondents were sopho-moric and highly repetitive.

But a television debate narrowed to the subject of Cuba, we agree with Mr. Lippmann, would be very much out of ord-ei Why should two men running for the most powerful office in the nation focus all their attention on a tiny island 90 miles off the U.S. mainland? That enhances the issue all out of proportion to its importance.

But more than that, it is dangerous to our future foreign poli-, cy It stakes the future President out too closely on his course of action. In the heat of trying to win a debating point the future Ih*esident could shackle his hands for the future.

Already both Nixon and Kennedy have said more than they should about off-shore islands, whether they adjoin the United States or Red China. Mr, Nixon

took a derring-do stance far out of line With the Eisenhower Administration on Matsu and Que-moy, then amended it. Mr. Kennedy spoke about U.S. support of anti-Castro forces in Cuba in a manner highly subject to misinterpretation. Both candidates delved into more aggressive policies about Eastern Europe. Both were trying to outdo each other In promises about the Iron Curtain countries.

Ambassadors of allied nations in Washington. James Reston reports, are highly concerned about the impact of what Kennedy and Nixon already have said in their TV debates.

Cuba, Reston reports, is less of a worry in the Allied embassies than Communist China, Quemoy and Matsu and nuclear testing. Our friends do not think Premier Khrushchev is silly enough to choose Cuba, 90 miles off our shore, as the place to back a civil war between the CJommunist - sponsored Castro forces and the United States-supported anti-Castro forces. They are laughing at Mr- Nixons suggestion that this would be the result of Senator Kennedys proposals. What puzzles them is Mr Nixons suggestion that we should be cautious about inciting the Communist world to action close to the American shore but incautious about committing ourselves to the defense of Quemoy and Matsu, 7,000 miles from the United States, and three miles off the coast of Communist China.

Both gambits can be explained. They are efforts to win votes at home. But it would be disastrous if winning votes at home lost us battles, or jeopardized our position, abroad.

UNICJEP is described as How children help children.

A widely-circulated leaflet has this to say about the UNICEF movement:

Did you know that a UNICEF penny is bigger than an ordinary penny? That is because UNICEF buys very wisely. There are so many children altogether 600 miUionin faraway lands that are hungry and sick and UNICEF wants to help as many as they possibly can.

With UNICEF pennies, what you spend for:

A comic book, will give a child 56 glasses of milk in Korea.

"An icecream cwie, will protect 10 children from tuberculosis in ChUe

A candy bar, will cure a child of yaws in Africa.

A soft drink, will provide a child with 10 bowls of rice in India.

That Is why we want to help UNICEF so UNICEF can go on helping All the World's ChUd-ren.

As we scanned the leaflet, we got the feeling the mission of UNICEF, so Whole - heartedly suppOTted by our children, is very well expressed in the simple comparison of pennies.

Also, as we scanned the leaflet, we thought how much more constructive are Halloween Nights of today, for our children and children around the world, than annual nights of idle iH'anklng.

On top of that, we thought how little a contribution Monday night to the canvassing kids would affect the average family economy in Greenville.

We decided maybe everybody in town could show their apiwe-ation for the absense of youthful Halloween Night pranksters and their interest in tiie welfare of the worlds little people by handing over at least a small collection of pennies.

Quote...

"I regard the right to work as I do the right to life, liberty, and tiie pursuit of happiness. States have the right, the responsibility and the duty to ih-o-tect this fundamental freedom. This is my position and I shall fight for it. Sen. Harry P. Byrd (Va.).

forties A.ct. A.S Vehicles

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY COPYRIGHT. 1960. KING

features syndicate, inc.

Prom the end of the Civil War until 1912. the Republican Party was the majority political party It the United States. True, Grover Cleveland was twice elected u a Democrat during thU period, but it was not until Woodrow Wilson became President of the United States that the Democrats assumed a position of national leadership. Wilson gave the umtcd State* a new direction bv accepting responslbiUty for the defense of Great Britain and Prance against Germany, thus bringing this country into a European ww. In fact, Wilson assumed leadership in an ate Oiempt to organize the world withr in the League of Nations.

Since Wilsons time, tite Republicans have elected Harding, Coolidge, Hoover and Elsenhower; the Democrat# h^ve elected Roosevelt and Truman. Roosevelt was. of course, an excepti<m to all rules; ran for four terms and in many waya, altered the characteristics of American politics. Nevertheless, more Republicans than Democrats were elected.

Roosevelt reorganized the Democratic Party In an effort to free himself from the control of the party by the Solid South and the Big aty Bosses in the North. He brought Into the party social r^ormers, socialists, non-political Intellectu-r's and worked valiantly and successfully to chango tho American labor movement from a non-poUUcal to a political ete fort. The A.F. of L. abandoned the trade union theories of Samuel Gompcra and moved in the direction of younger Marxists led by Walter Reuthw. Roosevelt had sufficient tenure In the White House to weld together this new party. By succeeding to move the Northern Negroes out of the Republican Party, where they were because Lincoln freed the slave#, to th# Democratic Party which was propagandizing for social equal-Uy throu^ the influcnc# of Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, tho Democratic Party became all powerful in those Northern state# with large Negro populations.

It was the Roosevelt lieuten-ai.ts, Edward Flynn and James Parley, who organized ths American Labor Party in New York. This was designed to give Mayor Ls Guardia a method ot leaving the Republican Party without becoming a Tammanylte. Th# American Labor Party ventual-ly split into two factions, the A.L.P., wMch became a political arm of the CommuniM Party, and the Liberal Party which mustered between 300,0(X) and 400.000 votes consisting fxlxici-pi^y of workers in the male and female garment trades and a small number of intellectuals. It continues to exist and exerts a greater influence than its numbers indicate.

The Roosevelt spell is still felt in some areas aiKi the Democratic Party is still imder the tnfluence of some of those whom he favored. Senator Jc*n P. Kennedy is naturally capitalizing on that name, just as Richard Nixon is benefiting by the pbpularity of President Elsenhower.

Neither party Is conservative nor liberal. BoUi parties are currently opp(tunistic. re^;>ondiiig to immediate questions without philos<H>hlc connotations. In fact, the terms, conservative and liberal, cannot be defined in political context, in the year 1960. For instance. Senator Kennedy regards himself as a liberal but his running mate, Senatw I^don Johnson, has hitherto been accepted as a conservative. What then is this team? Vio President Richard Nixon has never been a conservative such as Senator Barry Goldwater is. Nlx-( Is assumed to be a conservative because h is anti-Com-munist, but many* libmd# are anti-Communist and the sorial-ists are violently so. The Vice Presidential candidate, Henry Cabot Lodge, cannot with any correctness be regarded as a conaervative or a liberal; h# has rather devoted himeelf to th# defense of his country In t^ b> temational arena.

In a word, the parties are vehicles for running for offlc# without absolute distlnctlveness as to theory or doctrine. Thus, the four debates between Kennedy and Nixon have not brought (Continued on page eight)

Excitement In JoDonese Shares

Strenath For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS ntually Why Not Now?

Hey Mom, come and help me aork this algebra problem. Now it happens that Mom had been a very succe&sful teacher of mathematics in high .".chool. Her eldest son, a boy of thu-teen, did not appear to have inherited his mothers mathematical ability. Accordingly she had been helping him a great deal in the preparation both of his arithmetic lessons in the grades and now his algebra lessons in high school.

But on the evening that Junior called again for assistance his father .stepped forward and put 1S foot down hard. This was not a case of sour grapes for the head of the household held aji earned doctorate in chemistry

and so was no mean scholar hims'^lf. But he had seen enough ot what w'ent on between mother and soiv to realize that the boy was in the process of being intellectually ruined.

Mildred. he said sternly. 1 want you to step doing this boys work. He wU have plenty of problems to confront when he gets out into the world, and if he thinks ne can run to you or anyone else for the solution he is licked before he starts. What you need to do is to show him how to analize hLs problems and to teach h*m how to approach them More than this is rulnou.*

Now stop t)iis snivelling you two, This ought to be .something you will remember later with gratitude

By ELMER ROESSNER American speculators, who havent been doing very well lately on the stock market, may soon be able to take a fling on Japanese shares.

They can buy ADRs and voull be hearing more about ADRs from now on. They will generate more excitement than bingo or one-armed bandits at La.s Vegas,

ADR stands for American Depository receipts, which may be a VI ay for Americans to dabble in the most exciting market ;p the world.

The basic Japanese Interest rate is around 8 per cent, which means that corporations must generate It) to 12 per cent on investment to excite s"''culators. And if this se?ms issiole, the Japanese have done ilie Im-po?*ible

66 PER CENT RISE IN SECURITIES The Tokyo Stock Exchange reopened in 1949 and eight yeans later the value of the outstanding sliares |iad Increased by 102 per cent. Stock values have continued to rise, but not at such

a spectacular rate.

The Increases have lured housewives and mechanics into the market. Most invest in a Japanes version of mutual funds. These are stock pools in which shares are sold at about the equivalent of $15. The total is invested in stock on a given day, and the stocks are sold at a specified time thereafter, say 30 or GO days.

Prciits have often been fat, rarely kan, and the percentage of Ja"iane.e housewives buying pool snares is probably about the same as the percentage of American wives who make bets or the ponies.

The pipiil. riiy of these pools deends, of course, on the substantial rises in stoc.i values, and many Americans liavc contemplated investing directly In Japanese stocks. But the Japanese have been unwilling to .haiT this profitable game with others and have laid down rules intended to revent Americans from da.shlng into the market gathering a bundle of quick profits, and dashing out.

Mutsuji Nakano, president of

Yamaguchl Securities Co. of New York pointed out these rules limiting speculations.

The foreign investor must hold a stock for a minimum of two jrean before selling it and withdrawing his capital. Even then, only a third can be withdrawn each year, permitting complete recovery of Investment and profit only in four years and a day. If a stock is sold within the first two years, the proceeds must be invested in another security and a new two-year period begins.

For some time now the Japanese have been considering the ADR system, whteh would permit Americans to j>eculate on Jaro; ese securities.

U this system, Americans coi Id buy, through their own broke., receipts for Japanese share And W'hlle Americans would not be owning the shares, they would own receipts for shares deposited in a bank or other secure institution. And the value of the receipts would rise and fall with the shares.

Furthermore, the receipts could be sold at any time. An

C

American investor eoald knoek

off a protit~or suffer a kes in a matter of minutes sjmI thtn sell his receipts.

The charge on buying tod seU-' Ing of ADRs might be htgher tiian in the purchtse sale of American stocks. Howevsr, thers is a compensating Rxn: Because of the favorable rate exchange. JaiMuiese blue chips can bs purchased for ss little as $3 a itiiare.

ADRs are not yet available. The Japanese govemment once had ideas of permitting the sale of depository receipts tor the shares of Home 40 oompanies However, in recent weeks rs-ports indicate that only lO or II may be listed.

These would probably include Mitsubishi Etectric, which has ties with Weetinghouse; Nippon Electric, which Is linked to International Standard Electric; Toa Nenryo Koygo, largely owned by Standard Vacuum; Koa Oil, half owned by Callfomla Texas Oil; Mitsui St Co.; Toyo Rayon; Ajinomoto. Yawata Iron and Bteqj, Hitachi, and Matsushita Electric.