Wednesday, October 26, I960

Wednesday, October 26, 1960

Foreign Policies Will Be Changed

As words wax hotter and charges more hardhitting in these final weeks of the national political campaign, there are many disputed issues and at least gome unanswerable questions. While the big question of who will win the presidential office id yet to be Answered, it has become quite clear now that American foreign policies will undergo definite changes during the next administration.

Perhaps no other peac2-time election campaign has focused more attention on the nation's foreign policy and its international position than the one now in progress. While domestic issues have been hotly debated ,the matter of foreign policy has gained the primary position.

Both the Democrats and the KepubHcans ap* parently recognized this development as far back as convention lime for the Internationa Isituation and the role of this nation received considerable attention duringthe conventions. Both candidates have repeatedly pledged themselves to changes in the nations foreign policy and to strengthening the U.S. position in international affairs in the coming years.

Particularly has the relationship of the United States in other sections of the globe he strengthened, paramounted in this campaign. Whichever candidate wins the election, it is reasonable to expect that greater attention than ever before will be given by the next administration to mending our fences in our own

Closer

With

laison

ackson

By LYNN NISBET

WELCOMED North Carolina and other Southern states have welcomed Sen. Henry M. Jackson. Democratic national chairman, and recognized him as ofcial spokesman for the party. Chairman Jackson, in turn, has made it very clear he regards the South as a vital part of the nation economically, politically, historically and otherwise. Especially he regards it an important segment in the Democratic party.

The contrauii between this attitude and that which maintained for nearly all the incumbency of Paul Butler as national chairman is striking and pleasing to Carolina Democrats. There were times when SouUierners felt that Butler was deliberately trying to drive them out of the party.

There is closer liaison, too, between national and state Republican organizations than has maintained for some years. For the first time since 1928 thp national Republican committee Is giving serious atten-f,on to North Carolina. Previous efforts had consisted of real help in the iOth and one or two other oongressionai districts, only token assistance for the national ticket, and hardly any consideration for state and local races. Republicans were smart enough to put their effort and money where there seemed tome chance to win. This 5 ear tiey tee that chance all over. Consequently the national foIlQi are Intensively campaigning in every county. The fact that Ncarth Carolina is regarded as close and a real battleground is lending encouragement to Republicans in other states,

Result is that both Democratic and Republican organi-fations In this state are more closely affiliated with the national groups than ever before.

PROTESTANT Touching lightly on the religious issue during his interview with newsmen here. Sen. Henry Jackson rotSd that he is the first Protestant national chairman of the Democratic party since 1924. If your reporters memory serves him well, Jackson also Is the only national chairman to come from west of the Mississippi valley. Robert Hanagan lived in St. Louis, on the west bank of the river, but in the heart of the valley., Jackson hails from the state of Washington.

Notice has been taken before of the paradox that apparently the candidate for President ought not to be a Catholic, but the national chairman almost had to be a Cathobc from the northeastern corner of the United States.

'Some of the young ladies at-endmg the YDC convention are resentful that advance publicity about Senator Jackson did not go far enough. The Congrc.ssion-il Directory lists him as 48

5ears old and unmarried.)

DISTINCT The independently separate and still clo.sely coordinated functions of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government in North Carolina was illustrated by Governor Hodges response to a question at his latest news con-lerence. A reporter noted that a petition for executive clemency had been filed in behalf of the labor union men convicted of violence in connection with the Henderson textile strike, after the .S Supreme Court had dismissed their appeal. The reporter asked if the Governor would try to reach decision on that matter before the November 8 election, and if he thought It might influence votes. Governor Hodges bristled and replied that there is no relationship between normal routine government procedure and effort to influence votes.

PROCEHDURE The Governors office transmitted the petitions for clemency for the labor people to the Board of Paroles for study of facts. When report of that study comes to the Governor he will act on his own constitutional authority. He is not bound by recommendation of any agency or person, but will use all ipormation available ss basis for his decision.

The same course will be followed in the cases of the Negro golfers convicted of trespass at Greensboro, and in every other. instance where petition for executive clemency follows judicial conviction. All such petitions are referred to the paroles board for study of facts involved in the record.

There are three ways in which executive and judicial branches work together with respect to prison sentences, under general constitutional and legislative authority.

Probation Is a wholly judicial function. That permits a judge to put a convicted defendant under supervision of the probation commission before he goes to jail. Parole is purely an administrative function of the prison system, permitting release of a prisoner before expiration of his sentence. A probationer Is under jurisdiction of the courts, and a parollee remains under juri.sdiction of the prison authorities.

Executive clemency is a constitutional prerogative of the Governor. It embraces everything from reducing the sentence imposed by the courts to full pardon and release of the convicted person. The Governor has the power to commute any sentence or pardon any prisoner without requirement of explaining to anybody his reasons. Established practice is that the Governor uses such power with discretion, based on reports and recommendation of the parole board.

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except SundAjr E.<^tabli8hed 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, PubltohOT

entered at Pott Office. OreenelUe. II C M matter

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier Waak SOe

(BY MAIL, Payable la Adhraaea|

Tbraa MobHis ___________________________________ $ 8.80

Shi Mmtka_____________________ f 6.8k

Oiia Yaar _________________________$11 80

fCMBm AatortATBii ram The Aaavdtred Pr#* t* exrhit*vefy entitled to uee for poMleafllea-tU newt dlspttchm credited to M or not oChenrfee credited la hit Pfper and tito the local neere mibtlahed herete All rifhCe of publlcatfon of cpedal dIafMitrhee here art alto rieeryd

NATIONAL AOVEKTIMINO REPRtaB.NTATlVES

niome P Clark Co fnc New York OtUcago Atlanta Member Audit Burmu of Cirf-ulatloti

At) edverttamg copy mu&t be received at leaat^one day before pubileattce

The Urbanite Has His

Signs Of New Season

Candidates Anc.

2 Main Themes

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON tAPi - The presidential candidates have followed two main themes from the beginning of the campaign. This k Nixons; Kennedy is a young novice on a mans errand. This is Kennedy's; Look out for Nixon

Their problem has been how to aay the same thing differently. Now that the campaign is entering its final two weeks Vice President Richard M. Nixon and Sen. John F. Kennedy are finding no trouble at all in expressing themselves.

Kennedy started on his be-ware-of-Nixon program last July 15 in his acceptance speech by saying the vice presidents political career has often seemed to show charity tow'ard none and malice for all.

Nixon laid the groundwork for picturing Kennedy as an immature and not too clear-headed youngster in his own acceptance speech on July 28. He accused his opponent then of being rash and impuisive for suggesting President Eisenhower might have expressed regrets to Rus-.sia for the U2 spy plane episode.

The political conventions were hardly history before Kennedy on Aug. 1-was accusing Nixon of a lack of basic beliefs." This may have nettled Nixon who said Kennedy was following the low road

He said he would never "indulge in personalities" although some of the things he has been saying about Kennedy since look mighty personal.

Their hrst TV debate on Sept. 27 wa.s almast a study in the brotherhood of man, with Nixon politely agreeing with Kennedy for which Republicans criticized him and Kennedy treating Nixon Tke a highly respected old comrade from the Senate.

They got moving by the time of the second debate on Oct. 7,

Apparently stung by the complaints from his own ranks, Nixons first words were, First of aU, I dont agree with Sen, Kennedy.

Pretty soon he was accusing Kennedy of woolly thinking on the islands of Quemoy and Matsu. He must have liked the word woolly to describe Kennedy. He has repeated it.

By the fourth debate on Oct. 21 Nixon went a step beyond his earlier remarks. He said Kennedys ideas on handling Fi-flel Castros Cuba were probably the most dangerously irresponsible recommendations that have been made in the campaign.

Kennedy, for some reason best known to himself and his advisers, contented himself with saying little beyond suggesting Nixon was being inaccurate. This mildness and restraint was just a passing phase. With ihe campaign heading toward a Lnish, lOok at what theyve been saving these past few day.s.

Nixon has accused Kennedy of being woolly and fuzzy in his thinking on Castro, of making immature, ra.sh and dangerous statements, and of offering impulsive leadership. He described Kennedy as a man who doesn't know the situation and w'ho .;ays one thing today and another thing tomorrow.

Just in case anyone might suspect he w'as running out of things to say. Nixon predict^ed; These are the two weeks in W'hich people make up their n.inds. Whatever has happened up to this point, you havent seen anything yet.

Kennedy has gone beyond calling Nixon inaccurate. He accuses him of distortions and said the Republican party can count on Nixon "to lead its wrecking crew on Social Security.

(Continued on page five)

IOth ANNIVERSARY TRICK OR TREAT

Q60 A RALLV

9PEC1AL -HALLOW-EEN FOR T-H WORLD'S CHILDREN

Khriuhy Will Buy,All Our Sugar

hemisphere. It is of utmost importance to the future of this nation, and to the future of the free world that this long neglected segment of our overall foreign polic,y be given careful and positive attention.

It is also important that the position of the United States in other sections of the blobe be strengthened. Although there is bitter disairrnent between the presidential candidates as to the relative prestige of the United Slates in the world today, they at least agree that something must be done to increase the international prestige of the nation. Each candidate h-as pledged his efforts to do so.

More than any other one peace-time event in recent years, this presidential campaign has called to the attention of the American people that the United States must provide genuine leadership to the world, or else be left in the eddies of time as the world accepts other leadership.

The man who takes the oath of office as the nations chief executive in January will have a mandate from the American people to see that the United States attains the foremost position of leadership in international affairs; for thereby hangs the fate of this nation and the fate of the world.

The calendar says its almost two months until the official beginning of winter, but the nippy mornings recently have dispelled any hope that the long Indian Summer would linger into November.

Even the die-hards who hated to give up the balmy days of a pleasant fall have traded their summer suits for winter woolens and have dug out the long sleeve shirts that hadnt been worn since late March.

The lady of the house has carefully locked the windows for the winter months and has begun to pack away summer clothes in the attic. The old soup pot has come out of hiding and has taken its accustomed cold-weather place on the storve.

Oil trucks that traded tirelessly from one tobacco barn to another in recent months have suddenly reappeared in the residential neighborhoods of town. Pre-school kid.s in little knots here and there carefully supervise each drop the driver puts into the family tank.

The calendar may say winter is still weeks away, but to todays urbanite, these signs point to the approach of cold weather just as surely as the nocturnal flight of geese tells the woodsman winter is at hand.

By DON SCHLIENZ

2he Early Risers Story

Ah, those early morning hours!

The air is fresh as at no other time of the daycool, clear, invigorating. No smoke. No duist. Merely i. trace of dewy moisture that lends zest and

lam of noises heard and unheard, become attuned to unfamiliar sounds as the piping of a distant bird and whisper of invisible air currents.

off that infernal alarm clock.

zing.

The mad rush of getting the kiddies off to school is still a matter of remote anticipation; neither has the flow of traffic begun toward the traditional "salt mine. All is yet calm; all is yet serene. The peace that hangs over the world is one of its forgotten wonders.

This is Natures unveiling of the city and countryside as It was meant to be. It is the prime example of benefits accompanying the early-to-bed-and-early-to-rise school of thought.

The air is pri.stine. Eyes open wude at a newfound clarity of vision; ears, numbed by a bed-

Lungs expand in wonderment at experiencing air (with 100-proof oxygen) untainted.

Beholders turn to the bright and swiftly rising sun in instinctive admiration ... as if reaching out to gather in the promised warmth and life of a new day.

Well, thats the way they tell me it is.

Finest part of the day , . . they say.

Someday . . . maybe next summer. I'm going to find out for myself. Would do it tomorrow, only theres a chill in the air even at my accustomed hour being cajoled, pushed and

Dont trust all those old sayings.

The word of caution is based on experience; and the writer is thinking now of the saying "familiarity breeds contempt.

All of us are familiar with a variety of drives, campaigns and projects recurring year after year. Well, the more you see of them the more you have to credit their participants with admirable qualities, their goals with sympathetic atienten.

It may be a house-to-house or person-to-per.son sellng job, a solicitation program, a fund-raising tea or dinner, any one of a number of means may be utilized; but there's a selflessness involved 1 like.

of

bedeviled into getting up to turn

Other Editors Saying ...

Against Mechanization

Such campaigns are IniUated with but one purpose in mind: to help malee^ ' the eoauaiunity involved a befter place to live.

In recent years Ive had occasion to more closely see the planning and work behind the scenes as well as the culminating effort by the many hands that are needed. It is inspiring.

(Hertford County Herald)

In a world obsessed by scien-ific marvels, the Rev. Dr. Samuel H. Miller, dean of Harvard Divinity School, has taken a stand which he describes as a revolt against the mechanization of man.

He sees the precision-tolled, modern mode of life as a nfain challenge that Christianity must meet and master. Principalities are bent on dehumanizing us. he declares.

Mass organizational techniques, he said, draw people together but reduce deep, personal relationships; the reliance or statistical evaluations enshrines quantity above quality: increasing speeds of doing things blurs all fine dintinctions.

The rat-race, the squirrel cape, the mad rush, are all consequences of man exhanging his human tempo for the machine tempo, he said.

We must practice a new as-cetism to keep the world in its Diace. to serve the spirit, not exhaust itr-to regain our humanity.

Some more of his thoughts are:

For many today, the scientific method is the only approach tj truth, a kind of Messiah in itself. Its advances, he said, have upset traditional religiou.s cuncppts. Interstellar space probes have robbed the imagination of a place for God, while psychiatry has bared the unreasoning, disturbing inner reaches or human mind.

We must confront th whole realm of science, and affirm its. meaning in terms of Gods pur- poses. .

The ministry must face the true limits of resources. he added, refuse to presume answers where there aie none as

yet. abandon the an-ogance of glibly speaking as if we were God and knew His mind and humbly reaffirm the sense of the inexplicable, the bounds of our humanity.

The church cant make much sense out of Christ on the cross, he said, unless it can show the affirmative power at the heart 01 suffering . . . that suffering is normal, not psychopathic, and that man is the best capable of transforming it.

The man-hours and woman-hours dedicated to these tasks each year are impossible to tally-^he self-sacrifice involved is Imposing testament to g6od kiitizenship in action. The campaigners take reverses hard, and glow with each small mea-.sure of success. Their owm contributions in work,'and sometimes personal expense, to "the cause are no small item.

We need a daring ^ascetLsm Ir which the minister will count hi.s source of poverty the source of blessing, he said. This 1 what the Beatitudes describe. They are the final simplicity attained in clarity and joy only after the purgation of much distraction at lower levels of our mortal pilgrimage.

Clinging to our false possessions and gestui-ing madly and pj etentiously, we have no hands io- the gift God waits to give us That it will come, once we have confessee our poverty, I have no doubt.

Familiarity breed contempt? Not on your life!

Coinians

'..n Brief

How true of most of us . . . running here, there, and yonder every waking minute of the day to accomplish our selfLsh deaired ends. When, had we more of the stillness of heart, the soul-refreshing quiet, the trusting waiting, we might find our pot 0. gold not at the end of the rainbow but within the image we see in a mirror.

How good it is to have a clarion call out to warn us of our misguided steps and call us back to order. We, as Americans, and more definitely as human beini. must return to the belief and mean when we sa^ In God we trust, For iiothing, no nothing, else is lasting

"Going into western North Carolina, Mr. Gavin, the Republican nominee for governor, said, *Tt does me good to be heie in Republican country. The GOP candidate must have been lonely down east among all the Democrats. Possibly, he was just lost and disheartened when down this way, for, apparently he was happy to get with old cronies in the mountain country. Willlamston Enterprise.

"One might have gues.sed it. But it took a fearless committee of the United Nations World Health Organization, to report it: People with psychopatic

make-up often make leaders. Richmond 'News-Leader,

"Not much future In being a mouse these days. If .one group of scientists isnt trying to give you lung cancer another wants to blast you off into space. Vancouver (B.C.) Province.

Whose

Side Is On?

lie

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1966, King Feature Syndicate, Inc.

Vincent Halllnan is an American lawyer who was invited by Soviet Russia to attend the trial of Francis Gary Powers in Moscow. Powers, you may recall, is an Amerfilwi airman flying a -2 -who cne down or was brought down in Soviet

Russia at an opportune time for Khrushchev to have an excuse to destroy the Paris Summit Conference, Hallinan was not an observer for the Government of the United States; he was an observer for the government of Soviet Russia. Hallinan wrote a leport of the Powers trial which had to do with espionage in Soviet Russia. Among the significant items in Haliinans report is:

High Air Force officers had assured Powers that the Soviet radar was ineffective at the place where he crossed the frontier. It picked him up at the moment he did so. They told him that he could not be hit from the ground and that no Soviet fighter could attain the altitude of the U*2. He was knocked down by the first rocket. He was given watches, rings and rubles to bribe the people of the U.S.S.R. to betray their country the most ftercely patriotic people on earth.

This cannot be quite correct because it is now known that the United States had been engaged In reconnaissance and photographing flights over Soviet Russia for four years and therefore the question must be asked, why the pretense of sudden surprise over the Powers 17-2 flight? Also, how could a rocket bring the plane down without destroying Powers, who arrived on earth whole, with his equipment intact and available for Soviet inspection?

According to Hallinan, Powers said;

I dont know how I w-as supposed to bribe them I cant speak a word of their language.

Surely the lack of knowledge of a language has never made bribery impossible or even dif-llcult. There is such a thing as sign language, if one wants to use it. Hallinan would say probably, that the Russians are the most fiercely patriotic people on earth and therefore would not accept bribes. That has not been universal experience with Russians any more than it has been with Germans, even Nazi Germans who made a fetish of pat|l9to.,Ais<>K IS not Hallinan soiiercely patriotic about the United States?

It is curious that Hallinan make much of aP.oweni^ agpept* ance of his plight in Soviet Russia. How could a man who is sentenced to imprisonment take it so light-hearted^'? In fact, Hallinans report is so favorable to Powers that it casta suspicion upon the flyer:

I have been asked if there were any brain-washing in the case. I answer that indeed there was, but not in the accept/ed sense. Powers and I discussed the applause of the audience. He W'as sure that the first outburst had been because Rudenko (the prosecutor) had not asked for the death penalty. He shook his head ruefully; I've sure changed my mind about a lot of things since Ive been here.

It Is rather unbelievable that ..any American would hold Halli-nans views. Yet this is what he puts in his report:

We compare the minds which are directing this renaissance of human thought and achievement with those which managed the Powers fiasco and we wonder; If we finally force this country into war. how long will It take it to wipe our own country from the face of the garth?*

Right now, our security from that possibility, depends on the good sense, patience and forbearance of the Soviet leaders and upon their ability to maintain a milltiry strength beyond what might tempt our bully boys to attack it.

"One thing which the American public must realize is that the presence of our bomber-bases along the frontiers of the U.S.S.R., the probing of lt.s defenses and the insulting truculence of our pollcal and military cavemen can erupt in a cataclysm which will destroy the human species.

This was, of course, written before Khrushchev exhibited his refinement and culture in the United Natlosa. It was written before Khrushchev took his shoe off his foot to use It to pound a desk. It was written before bis display of the manners of an (Continued on page five)

When A U.S. Firm Goes Abroac.

By ELMER ROESNER

What happens when an American company moves its plant abroad?

Plenty.

Its a timely question, because many American corporations i?re moving production lines to iorcign countries. Youll find them In England, France, West Germany. Israel and other spots around the iebt.

First, why do they move? There are many reasoM, principal among them being;

1. Hij-'h American wages, in f(inpat Lsnn to foreign .scales. A companv paying $3 an hour for American labor will be deeply in.ttrtsied to know that skilled ;?K,c ear te n;red fur i a dav in many foreltiii countries Tlie ' t. , IV urki^ifi. ifiij nn Ut it ' vvrlj traiiiiUfl or a.s skilled a-s Aoo*nc!>n erattwmeu. but hey willjjiave to ruin a lot of

finished products to destroy that differential,

ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS

2, Duty barriers, are hlglr against American producs. A product made in Prance, of American design, pays no duty :n the French market and has special advantages in the European* customs union. And the customs barrier against Imparting the product into the U. 8. may be very low.

Back to the first question:

What happcn.s when a company

iriy

transfers it.s pl.iiit irom Middle-

to Domage^

town, 'America,

Prance?

1, Workers in Middletown are thrown out of work. Companies u.sually promise to expand oth-II activities to absorb the lui-t'liipioycd. but a ease in w'hich this has been dune salLiactorily has yet to cdme to this writers

attention,

GOLD DRAIN, TOO

2. Gold is drained from the U.S. Money to erect and equip the plant at Domage must be taken largely from the companys savings and credit. But, once spent abroad, the foreign nation can demand the face value of the expenditure is Ameiican gold.

Thus, the transfer of a manu-* facturlnt facility from the U.S. to a foreign country constitutes the export of jo6 and the export of gold. ,

3. The drain does not end there. It the company imports its products to the US., it again drains American gold reserves. Money paid for foreign-made products largely becomes convertible into gold for iureigu claimants.

There are, of course, advantages.

alllM.

rtduees

There are:

1. Amerlcanif can buy the products cheaper than before, in many cases.

2. American purchases Include duties, thereby easing the tax burden on others.

3. Plants abroad shore up foreign economies, thereby reducing American obligations to aid allies.

4. In buildjsf up faroign een. omies, the U.S. gains strengthens thm, and military aid.

Take your choice! IIANDS-ArROS.M-THE-SEA STORY^FOR today

Traffic Safety magazine ports that a Lond^ <^v^, given an American Invention, the parking ticket, declared:

"I accept American hot dogs. 1 accept American Iced tea. But this I most certainly do not accept.''

re-

1

i