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PAGE FOURmi DAILY lEFLECTOIL GREENVILLE, N. C

Monday, SaptomW 19, lf0

Monday, September 19, 1960

Whos Running The Store?

A Truly Great Day For Greenville

It was a frreat day for Greenville Saturday when Democratic presidential candidate Sen. John F. Kennedy brought his campaign into Eastern North Carolina.

Easily it was the biggest political event this section of the state has seen in many years, and there is no question about the response the candidate received in this area compared wdth that in the larger cities of the state he visited later in the day.

While estimates of the crowds that saw Sen. Kennedy during his visit vary, it is safe to say that at least 20,000 people saw and heard him during his 87 minute visit here. Certainly none of the larger cities of the state he visited later in the day could boast of much larger or enthusiastic crowds than were in Greenville for the tirst visit of a presidential candidate to the East in more than half a century.

The many people who worked so hard on local arrangements for the visit are to be commended for the thoroughness with which they planned and carried out their tasks for the day. Sen. Kennedy was scheduled to be here for 87 minutes from the time his plane landed until it was back in the air again. Considering the places he was slated to go while he was here, the problems of crowds, traffic and movement, it was a major problem to keep the tight time schedule allotted.

Everjdhing in Greenville went off without a hitch, and the candidate was within three minutes of the allotted time schedule when his plane left the Pitt-

Precedents Anc, Govm't Activity

By Ll'NN NISBET

PRECEDENT Few people realize how much precedent, or the iear of precedent, influences governmental activity. Through the centuries of the advancement <rf popular government over autocratic individual control judicial precedent has been the most controlling factor. Two hundred .years ago one Junius (pseudonym for an anonymous author believed to have been Sir Philip Francis) wrote that one precedent creates another: they soon accumulate and become law.

A century later Lord Alfred Tennyson paid high tribute to his native England as a Land of old and fair renown, where Freedom slowly broadens down, from precedent to precedent History and literature are replete with illustrations of how one act was pleaded as precedent for others and so had far greater impact than intended at the time the act was performed.

Bringing the story down to the present, the Advisory Budget Commission, during its hearings of requests from State agencies and institutions has often been reminded of precedents established by budget jallocations.

Paul Reid, president of Western Carolina College at Cullo-whee, supported his request for additional cafeteria employees in order to shorten work hours of present employees, by reminding the budget folks that he understood they had approved shorter liours for highway patrolmen and jMison guards. We do not ask for special mivilege, only the same treatment which has been set as precedent, he said. Spokeanen for other colleges have argued that such and such places have tols or that facility. We want comparable consideration.

Sometimes the fear of preceder prevents action which seems sound on merits of the individual case.

COMMUNITY COLLEGES Take the matter of community colleges, which presently are built and operated on State-local matching fund basis. Asheville and Wilmington colleges are asking for full State construction, eliminating the local matching requirement. Charlotte comes along with a proposition chal-Iwrging the State to match local funds for basic activities, both ki buildings and operational costs. But the Charlotte folks insist that the State should put up about a million dollars of nonmatched funds for classrooms and laboratories in order to accommodate students from other counties. Budget folks privately concede that this proposal has real merit. The two little words that block action are but and *if.

If the full matching basis for community colleges is broken down any little break w'ill be pleaded by other communities as iwacedent for abandoning the program. Dozens of communities

could come in and say you did It for Charlotte, why cant you do it for us?

The community college idea has been heralded by education administrators as holding the key to solution of the education problem above the public school level. So far the division of costs has been heavier on local government, with the State giving aid only in the phases that fit into a general statewide program. Complications are unavoidable.

Back to the Charlotte situation for example. Mecklenburg county has put up. approximately two-thirds of the cost of buildings and facilities and about the same ratio of operating expenses. But because something like one-third of the costs come from State funds, students from other counties demand and are granted the right to participate. Charlotte folks say they have proposed that the other counties come in on a cost-sharing basis, but so far without success.

PROBLEM That condition poses a problem in ethics. If the State provides approximately one-third of the total capital investment and operating costs, then it would appear that students from anywhere in the state might be entitled to one-third participation. The oUier side of the picture is that without the Mecklenburg two-thirds there could not be any college. Maybe the community college idea should be expanded to a sectional or regional college, with several counties required 'to join in ^inatching State funds, and students from these counties entitled to attend on ratio of amount contributed by their local governments.

LONG RANGE There is widespread belief that the Charlotte College folks are playing a smart game with long range implications. When the present plans for Charlotte College and Carver College (the Negro unit under the same board of triLs-tees) are completed there will be a plant in which more than four million dollars have been invested, more than half of it by Mecklenburg county. It wl have capacity for 2,000 students, and something like one-fifth of them will come from outside Mecklenburg. A map accompanying the brochure presented shows that while Charlotte is the metropolitan center for nearly two million of North Carolina's population, the nearest four year State supported college is 100 mile.s away.

The budget folks and others believe that withi^ few years the Charlotte foll^^will make a pitch to haveuieir community college adopted into the State higher educational .system as a full-fledged four-year college. But it must prove that worth before being acceptedand the budget folks are not di.^posed now to extend any special privileges

or conces.sions.

~ ....

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Greenville airport.

In his address at East Carolina Collegft Stadium and in his remarks at Farmers Warehouse, the Democratic candidate made clear his support o an affirm-ative^ farm program that will benefit the agricultural sections of the nation and afford them the equal footing they should have with other phases of the nations economy.

There can be no mistake about the favorable impression Sen. Kennedy made upon the people who saw and heard him in Greenville. His forceful, forthright manner in his talks and his friendly, pleasing personality as he moved among the crowds of people struck a note of sincerity and genuine interest in the people and the problems which face this broad agricultural region of Eastern North Carolina.

As for Greenville, the Democratic candidates visit here projected this community into the nations political limelight at least for a fleeting instant in this national election year. In the newspapers throughout the nation Saturday afternoon and Sunday morning, his visit to Greenville received considerably more attention than his other stops in North Carolina. It was true not only in North Carolina, but throughout every other state where the actions and words of the Democratic presidential nominee are of interest and importance to the people. Greenville received more nation-wide publicity from the visit of Sen. Kennedy here Saturday than from any other one single event in the history of this community.

All in all, it was a great day for Greenville. It was a great day too, we think for the Democratic nominee, Sen. John F. Kennedy.

Situtation In Congo Continues To Be Fluid

For the moment at least, the communists have been thrown out of the strife-torn Congo, and their efforts to take over the new nation thwarted.

It is clearly a victory for the Western world and for the United Nations which has had to face not only internal conflict, but Soviet support of internal strife as the U.N. sought to bring some peace and order out of chaotic conditions in the Congo.

The removal of Soviet officials from the Congo on order of the president and the emerging military strong man will not end communist attempts to take over the huge African nation. It is apparent now that the communists had pinned their hopes on the fiery Premier Lumumba who has since been stripped of power. Lumumba remains under U.N. protective guards in the Congo now, but he must still be considered a threat to restoring peace and democratic rule in that new country.

If nothing else, the rapid series of events in the Congo in recent weeks has shown that conditions can change completely from one day to the next. Lumumba appeared in complete control at one point and moved rapidly to turn the country over to the communists. Within a day he was stripped of his office and his power, his own army troops seeking to lynch him. The tables could turn in his favor again just as quickly in the fluid situation which exists.

Any way one looks at it, the Congo crisis continues to pose a threat to world peace.

Decline Since The Last Survey

By RALPH ROBEY

Optimists on the business trend, and we are one. have had some real body-blows in the past few weeks. Steel production cannot get on an appreciable upward curve, housing starts and construction s a whole are far belowr what had been anticipated, inventories are no longer going up, machine tool orders are dowm, automobile sales are disappointing, and 50 forth. Now W'e have a new report on projected investment in plant and equipment for the remainder of 1960 and it reveals a decline from the last survey.

These reports are made each quarter by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Commerce. The current survey, made in late July and August, covers the plans of business management as of that time for this and the final quarter. The reduction from the total of the preceding study is only 2 per cent, but this means that this item will not be a rising plus fac or from here on.

One of the reason.s this Is so important is Uiat the amount involved is enormous. The all-time high wa.s in the third quarter of 19.17, That figure wa,s ju.sl short of billion dollars Durinc the I'ilit rccc.^snn the total dropped to below .io billion dollars. Since then it has been rusing and originally it v.a-^ fo-ecast that the ae-pre-'ate for the year would he v.cll over 17 billion dollars. It is clear that we shall not attain that total.

Two questions need to be an

swered: What has caused the downward revision? What affect will there be on the business trend?

Among the reasons for the downward revision the following probably have been most important.

Present capacity Is adequate to take care of not only the immediate but the probable demand of the forseeable future in many industries. Under these circumstances only an Investment which will increase efficiency of output can be justified.

Profits are being squeezed and there is no indication that this situation will be improved in the near future. This curtails the volume of funds available for investment, and also lessens the incentive to make investments that are not absolutely necessary.

There is continuous discussion over the possibility of another recession in the relatively near future, which lessens the urgency to expand output capacity.

There is little or no likelihood that prices will increase by enough to make a delay more costly. And there is a pos.sibility that prices may be lowered by at least enough to offset the constantly rising wage level.

With uncertainties and problems over such a wide area, this is a time when it is both comfortable and wise to have surnlus funds; and they can be kept Invested in .'=ecurities which yield at lea.'f some income,

A> to the effect of *hp riown-Continurd on pig? live)

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

Ambassadors To Cuba

Copyright, 1960, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The Senate Internal Security Subcommittee called before it two former American Ambassadors to Cuba, Arthur Gardner and Earl E.T. Smith, to ask them what they knew' about the State Department and Fidel Castro. Both testified to the gooming economic conditions of Cuba while they were there and the general sense of economic security on the part of the Cuban people which disappeared after Fidel Castro took over. Gardner made it clear that Castros assistance came from the United States while the Batista government was in control and recognized by the United States Gardner said:

. .during the time I was there, the last year, Castro had landed, and was hiding in the hills. And there had been an endless number of shipments of arms and other things to Cas-which could only come from the United States. Every once in a while we were able to catch such a shipment, and stop it. But we were not very active

about it. And one factor which I think was one of the most serious was that the former President, named Prio, was living in Miami, I dont know whether you know this or not, but he was arrested, convicted, and paid a fine of $5,000 for gun-running. And he was also indicted a second time. And yet no action was ever taken on it. My personal reason for thinking it was serious was that many times Batista would send for me and ask me why this was. .

Ambassador Earl E.T, Smith confirmed Ambassador Gardners judgment;

Primarily I would say that when we refused to sell arms to the Cuban government and also by what I termed intervening by innuendo (which was persuading other friendly governments not to seU arms to Cuba) that these actions had a moral, psychological effect upon the Cuban armed forces which was demoralizing to the nth degree,

The reverse, it built up the morale of the revolutionary

Other Editors Saying School Fees

(The Warren Record)

During the recent Demo^ cratic primaries Terry Sanford stressed as his number one objective increased pay for teachers and the general improvement of North Carolina public schools.

Sanford said that much of his goal to make North Caiolina schools, not the best in the South but among the best in the nation. was a long-time program in accordance with the growing financial ability of the state.

Not mentioned by Sanford, but worthy of consideration in any school improvement program, we feel, wuld be the elimination of textbook rentals and other special fees which bear heavily on many parents at the opening of schools.

A point may be well made that the county and the state are doing a great deal to educate the children of North Carolina and it is not asking too much for the parents to bear the relatively small cost of rental and other special fees. However, as a matter of principle this does keep the state of North Carolina from offering a free public school education to all its children, As a matter of practices it often works a real hardship on parents with several children in

school, and there are many such in Warren County.

It may be that limited financial resources of the state may make impractical the elimination of book rental and other fees at the present time, but we feel strongly that the elimination of these should be a part of the goal of any long range school plan.

We also feel that any and all courses taught in our public schools should be offered without charge to the children of North Carolina. We are well aware of the fact that in many small schools of the state, it would be very difficult if not impossible to have taught some of the subjects which enrich the curriculum, such as Latin, Band and possibly Home Economics in the John Graham High School, But we feel that every effort should be made to make all courses in the public schools free. To do otherwise favors the children of the more wealthier patrons, may tend to block the study of a needed course, and certainly does nothing to encourage the childern to participate.

We should all w'ork to make our public schools free in fact as well as in a name.

forces. Obviously when we refused to sell arms to a friendly government, the existing government, the people of Cuba and the armed forces knew that the United States no longer would support Batista government.

It is also true, and I believe that I can conform the story now because the following story was reported by associates of Batista. Further, I was asked by the press last winter to comment on whether we had told Batista to leave the country. At that time I refused to answer the question and referred all comments to the State Department.

It is also that, upon instructions, I spent 2 hours and 35 minutes on December 17, 1958, with Batista, and I told him that the United States or rather certain influential people in the United States believed that he could no longer maintain effective control in Cuba, and that they believed it would avoid a great deal of further bloodshed if he were to retire.

Senator Eastland. That was on instructions of the State Department?

Mr. Smith. An ambassador never would have a conversation like that, sir, unless It was on instructions of the State Department.

Further. Smith said:

A decision such as prohibiting the sale of arms to a friendly nation can have devastating effects upon the government in power.

We even did not fulfill effects upon the government in power.

We even did not fulfill our promise to deliver 15 training planes, which had been bought and paid for by the Batista government. In accordance with instructions from the State Department I informed Batista that delivery would be suspended. because we feared some harm might come to the 47 kidnaped Americans. The kidnaping bz Raul Castro of 30 U.S. Marines and sailors, 17 American citizens, and 3 Canadians occurred at this time.

After the kidnaped Americans were returned we still refused to deliver these training planes because we feared that bombs could be put on the planes even though they were strictly for training purposes.

I reiterate that decisions such as these may determine whether a government can remain in power.

Although they could buy arms and ammunition from other sources, the psychological Impact on the morale of the (Continued on page five)

Stop In

..reland

By ROGER BABOON

DUBLIN, IralandT3a* tHam-ghip MaiffMaoia. NiNoh

Mrs. Babaoa mad X wt ling, Moppad at OofaB. Maad M drop off a paaaaoaaw Na way k> LlTcrpooL Aa aaBhar ol us had baQ la Iralaad, va thought thia waa a food opportunity to apand a wtk BMra. Henea, wt (Uaembarkad at Oobh. THE ODOUOHERTT CABTUi

Tha Rland wbloh va aor* mally think of aa IralaDd^ oobf sists of two (Uatinot dlivlMODa poUticaUy. Tha Rapubllo af Bra-land (Blra) oonjpriaea temr-fifths of tha araa; Na population ta todapandnl. and largely CatboUo. Northan few-land, oonatiof M Ms aoaal&aa M still a member af Oia Bartttah Commoowaaltb and la lanalJ Proteatant. K waa aatttad ohiafly by tha Sootoh.

The northwa(rtni tip of this Protestant section ts ODoughar-ty country, which has Iho ram-nanU of a Castle which Mrt. Babsona aneastora bwfit two hundred years afo. B was ton^ stantly in trouble. It waa tnitaa by the English some forty yaare after it was built; than tba ODoughartys got R bank for about forty year, and tiare-after the occupancy of B awltch-ed from one to tha otbar. There is a leaaon hart wbleh may apply to other oouzttriaa whore property has boon aeisad by the Russians or other Oommun-Ists. Although the ODougherty buildings were burned and the cattle and tools atolen, yet the title of the real estate finally returned to the Iglnal owners. This makes me feel that well-located real estate is on# ef the safest investmenta in this troubled world.

THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND

The people of Ireland are most courteous and wamihaaiiad^ They have laughter and bamor^ as well as curious aupeswtlttons. They are known as ohroolo ewag-gerators, due to their klastai of the Blarney Stonel Both the men and women are healthy, athletic, and handsome- They are very trustworthy, God-fosir-ing working people, oharmlng-ly graceful. In my trarela orer the world. I have never met more friendly or happtar inhabitants.

We started at Ck)bh azHi went along the South Coaat, paaslnf wonderful old castles auoh as the Dronoland Castle, built in the Eleventh Century, the Ashford Castle, and the Bally-nahince Castle. Hotels are rea-.sonable, the food is good, but bathrooms are scarce and oold. The rooms are heated by open fireplaces, burning peat rather than coal. Little wood le left in Ireland, but the fields are verdant.

VALUE OF PASTURE LAND

Although Ireland is smaller in area than Pennsylvania, yet it has marvelous ocean frontage exceeding that of Florida. Some of this is meadow farm land extending down to the water; in other places there are high oUffs. As I worked up the West Coast and noticed this beautiful unoccupied ocean frontage, I systematically took samples of the soil. These I will bring home with me and have analysed. This land sells at a low price per acre and is fairly rocky, suitable, from our standpoint, only for pasturage. It also is difficult to purchase large tracts of a thousand acres. However.

I should think this land might be an excellent investment for those with patience who are willing to visit Ireland once every other year and talk with those to whom they rent.

I was much surprised at the temperature of Ireland. I saw palm trees growing in the southern portion, and I was fcold that, due to the Gulf Stream, even the northern pcwrtion is seldom freezing cold. The Kil-larney Lake section in Southwest Ireland is beautiful, and many other lakes abound throughout Ireland providing fishing, banting, and other sports.

TRANSPORTATION

Dublin has an excellent airport with planes going to all the leading English and Scotch cities, as well as to Paris, Rome, and elsewhere. Planes from the United States land at Shannon, a hundred sixty miles southwest of Dublin, near the famous Blarney Castle. The population of Northern Ireland is almost 1,-500.000, while the rest of Ireland (Continued on pagt five)

Sunday Business Before Court

StrerKgth For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS AVOID IT AT ALL COSTS

As I wailed for an automobile to pick me up. I .saw the traffic officer .stop the approaching car and .jay a few stern word-^ to the driver about the .speed and careie.^sne.ns of hus driving.

1 tu t when I >va.s in the car' and were driving to our de.s-nnati.tii .(nrral children .stood ona rmnvay above the car and were impertinent in word and act to the drivel.

Suddenly hi.s face became .suffused with hatred. That i.s the only word for it hatred Not in years, I think, have I looked into a face more dLtorted with un-com rolled rae than wa.s the face of i:i. driver It wa.s only in re.spon.se ?o my iiusistence that he drive on that he was re

strained from getting out of the car and making for the group of mischievious and rude children.

Hate is an awful thing to behold. We often read of how a criminal uails an enemy for years and brings him at la.st to suffering ar.d death In manv a family there is one member, or one group, which veritably pant.s with hatred when the name of .-omeone witlrn that family group r. inentiuueu. There IS many an office, man a store, many a factory where somebody hates .somebody else with a vigoi beyond measure.

And no one Ls so unhappy as the hater Nothing is .so futile as hatred Nothing Ls more clev-a.stating to soul and body.

Avoid it. even if the effort meams agonizing uppre.ss.ou and enduiance. Avoid it.

By ELMER ROESSNER

An issue affecting almost every busao.'^sman in America will be taken up by the United States Supreme Court In the

term starting (Jfctober 3. And If it reaches a decision, that decision may influence American life almost as much as the

court.s desegregation ruling.

The question is whether the Co.istitution permits states to forbid bii-siness on Sunday.

Tbs issue has gone to the court more because of discount selling than becatuse of religion

Sunday closin' laws existed long befoie the Constitution wa.s written But their Constitu-tionaiity was never ca-ried before the court unlil d scount

selling generated so much tresh competition

HOW IT ALL BEGAN

Enforcement of Sunday laws generally depends on local at-tituiie.s. Where certain Christian .-ecl.s of non-Christian faiths predominate, such laws, if they exi.st at all. are ignored. For example, in New York Ciiy

from time to time police arrest merchants who sell on Sunday, bif this i.s only done In Christian neisliborhoods. The law is never enforced in strongly Jewish neighborhoods, where stores are normally elo.scd on Sa'urday and open on Sunday-

As di.scount houses acro.?s the country extended selling to Sundai.-. other merchants tended to clamor for the enforcement of Sunday closing law.s- A Faii'child Nfvs Service .survey found:

Almost uiulurmly traditional retailing Ls lusing the technique of public pi. .sure to elim ' ate Sunday bus.ncs.v, ralliei than meet mg the enemy on hLs Sabbath grounds by remaining open.

GHl F( IIL.S LNLIS'l i n

If quoted a cha n - s ore .spoKe.'^man: We have evidence d that a leading store in the Min-neapolLs area lined up nio.st of the chuiche.s in the area to fight Sunday openings. Before the big .store entered the fight, the ehiU'Che.s had avoided the Issue "

The Fau'cliild study also not:

cd that on one Sunday after a closing drive had been launched practically every clergyman in St. Joseph County, Ind., discussed the religious aspect of the situation from his pulpit and -suggested that churchgoers not shop on Sunday.

As cities and towns have acted to stop Sunday sales, discount hoiuses have begun to establish stores along highwa,vs out of towns. With low rentals and no city taxes, these stores have been able to undercut city store.s even more. Urban merchants hve found they are losing .vales not one but seven daja a week.

Th's ha.s led to demands for ,st.i (' a.<i well as city action aga , d Sunday .sales, Mip.-e deni.'nds have led to (leterniina-tion to appeal the i.s.sue to the Supreme CTourt.

In accepting the Sunday closing Lssue last April, the court agreed to hear arguments this fall on three ca.ses-

In one. Ma.ssachu.'^etls Is appealing a riecLsion ot the Federal Di.stnct Court holding the state s Lords Day Act was un

constitutional in that If fa?wd one religion over another. It was originally challenged by a kosher supermarket.

Another appeals a U-f. District Court decision uptvoldlnf the constltutionalitjr of Panosyl-vanias Sunday law. Tb third case appeals a ruling by the Maryland 0>urt of Appeab ap-holdlng that sttaie'e funday law. The last Im oases are betxkg appealed by Twe 0ye Fkooi Har-ri.Hon, Inc., a dleoowDt MmlIb.

The oourts wlTlngne le hear arguinits In iJl three cases la an ln<1loatk>B B la een-sidering a major

HOW TO MAKE kfW OUT OF SPACE rm

Nontechnical hwMMMea will have an stmnrliBBf te

learn about the peet ate la terms of oppoftunttiM 9m llwur own compiihiee *ei when the Ametieea ment Associatiov e

session October I ttrnifi V

New York. Big shel K ______

developmenu viK relak sptBal dfvelopmentg le Industry

tials.