PACE FOUR

fHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE. N. C.

0aturdy. Septembeir 8. 1960

Saturday, September 3, 1960

Of, By, For And FROM The People

Accomplished Little Of Importance

t Congress has now adjourned its post-convention session with the general admission on all sides that it accomplished nothing of.immense importance. Furthermore, aside from the fact it afforded political leaders an opportunity for a few campaign licks, it provided more disappointments than assets for the campaign which lies ahead.

For the Democrats under the leadership of its presidential and vice presidential nominees, the session brought no major legislation such as a new minimum wage law and a broad medical care program for the aged. These, of course, were major programs that Sen. John Kennedy called for when he returned from Los Angeles with the Democratic nomination.

The minimum wage bill proposed by Sen. Kennedy was passed by the Senate, but failed to become law when House and Senate conferees were unable to reach a satisfactory compromise between the two minf-mum wage bills passed by their respective bodies. Kennedys proposal for medical care for the aged was defeated on a roll-call vote in the Senate itself.

For the Republicans and its presidential candidate Vice President Nixon, the post-convention sesesion afforded no triumphs either. The medical care proposal Nixon had advocated was also voted down in the Senate, and his endorsement of a minimum wage bill suffered the same rejection as that of Sen. Kennedy.

All-in-all, the post-convention session brought only routine accomfilishments pertaining primarily to regular appropriations.

As the candidates hit the campaign trail, there-

Greater Power

man neaiizea

By LYNN NISBET

STATE GOVERNMENT-The Institute of Government at Chapel Hill has just released a compendium on the selection of -officers in North Carolina's State government set up. Prepared by John L. Sanders, assistant director of the Institute, the publication deals with the manner of selection of members of the legislative. executive and judicial branches of State government, and several hundred local officials required by the constitution or the statutes to be appointed by the Governor, It sets out in every instance how the officers are chosM, whether by election or appointment, how they can be removed from office, 'and U)e basis upon'which their compensation is fixed.

Casual study of the book suggests two primary conclusions. First is that in North Carolina more State and local officials are elected by the people in popular voting than in most other states. Next, and somewhat in contrast, is that the Governor of North Carolina has responsibility for appointing more officials than the people electand has the right to remove from office for cause a number of the elected officers.

For every statement about selection. qualification or removal of officers, Sanders cites constitutional or general statutes authority. While there is no instance oi direct conflict, there are numerous cases where a primary provision is qualified or inodified by collateral acts of the General Assembly. The net effect ctf all such provisions is to five to the Governor of North Carolina greater power than most citizens realize.

BUDGET CONTROL In his ex-officio caincity as director of the budget the Governor has authority to name two of the six members of the Advisory Budget Commissionerthe group that to great extent determines the amount of taxes to be lievied tnd the manner in which tax moneys collected by the State shall be spent for operating the agencies. deiMirtments and institutions. But the Governor has the power to reduce appropriations made by the General As-tsembly if revenue is not sufficient to meet them.

What is not so generally understood is that the Governor also has authority to remove from office any administrative head of any agency, department or institution (except constituonal elective officers who can be removed wily by impeachment), who refuses to comply with provisions of the executive budget act or overspends allocations from voted bond Issues for specific purposes. That means the Governor has the power, and

the implied obligaon, to remove the president of the Consolidated University, the superintendent of mental hospitals, and any other non-elective official, if in his opinion that officer has not complied with budgetary requirements of the law.

VETO? Governor Hodges and others have mule much of the fact that the Governor of North Carolina does not have the constitutional power of veto over legislative acts^the only State in' the union where that authority Ls lacking.

The actual power given to the Governor of North Carolina by statute, explicit and implied, for control over fiscal policies before and after legislative enactment, and his authority for removing recalcitrant administrators, makes the question of constitutional veto almost moot.

COMPOSITE The Sanders-Institutc of Government compilation is rated a highly valuable contribution in aid of the studies being made by the Commission * for Reorganization of State Government. It might weJJ be that some offices now elective should be switched to the executive appointment class. Certainly there are a number of appointed positions. municipal and local, with which the Governor of North Carolina should not be bothered.

Why should the Governor of ^ North Carolina be required to select members of the governing bodies of Long Beach and Surf City, the judges of recorder courts in Sikr City, ThomasvUle, et als et cetera? What justification is there for p(H)Ular election of a Commissioner of Insurance and executive appointment of a commissioner or revenue?

FACTUAL John Sanders, in his report few the Institute of Government, makes no comment or suggestion about changing existing policy with respect to election and appointment of officials and members of governing bodies of State department. His factual statistical presentation of existing methods of selection of officers suggests the need for statutory, perhaps constitutional, modernization and correlation of the divided authority which has grown up through years among the varied segments of the legislative and judicial branches of State government. Undoubtedly Uiere has been encroachments by each of these basic authorities upon prerogatives of the others. And. although the Legislature is supreme under original constitutional mandate, the fact is that by delegation of powers by numerous legislative acts. through the years, the executive division, headed by the Governor, is the presently control-, ling force in State government.

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fore, the post-convention session will be held up as an example of what happens when progressive measures are blocked by dissenting factions in the Congress. The Democrats will put the blame on the Republicans for the session having accTimplished very little, and the Republicans will declare that Sen. Kennedys leadership was rejected by his own party members who control Congress.

Regardless of the approaches that are made to the session during the campaign, it is fairly clear that the session was steeped with political considerations on both sdes. Under such circumstances little could be accomplished in a short time, and the members of Congress were unwilling, because of campaign considerations, to let the session drag out into the period after Labor Day when the vote-seeking machinery had to move into high gear.

The post-convention session, as w-e see it, contributed nothing of consequence to the legislative program accomplished by the 86th Congress, and neither did the Democrats or Republicans emerge from the session wdth a decisive advantage it could use during the forthcoming campaign.

If You Can't Beat em, Join em; Old Saying

The Battle of Benson may go down in Tar Heel history to be remembered along with the Battle of Bentonsville, the Battle of Kings Mountain, the Battle of Guilford Court House and others fought from one end of North Carolina to the other a century or more ago. .

Future historians will point to the Battle of Benson as the decisive encounter fought between the military might of the nation to conserve its appropriations, and. the determination of the stout citizens of Benson that the faithful mule and the hard-working farmer should be honored.

Though the Johnston County folk of Benson did not exact terms of unconditional surrender from the brass at Fort Bragg, historians will readily agree that the running battle ended wdth the capitulation of the airborne might of the Army.

Appropriations or no appropriations, budgets or no budgets, tax money or not, a contingent from the military would march in honor of the mule and the farmer on a bright September day down the streets of Benson.

We may be sure that the top military strategists of the United States wdll in the future study the victorious tactics used by the town of Benson to win the battle. The combination of a frontal publicity attack by Benson citizens upon Fort Bragg, coupled with the pincer movement via Washington, will not soon be forgotten. It will become a lesson in embarrassment instilled among the high brass of the Pentagon and imprinted in the minds of those w^ho in the future command military bases throughout the country.

The lesson is simple: When in North Carolina the request is made to join in honoring the mule and the farmer, do not hesitate. Join ranks to pay homage or suffer the embarrassment of being surrounded, cut off from reinforcements, and subjected to a humiliating defeat.

Nikita Grabbec. imeliaht Aaain

iODlC

- BUT \NrtO VtLD PAV EVENTOAU.V ?

By DON SCHLIENZ

' Gaining On AL'

One of nature! minor mysteries :

Rain blows from all directions!

Its a fact.

Joe Blow ean be sitting: immersed in his evenmg newspaper. and Mrs. Blow will come into the room to say Its raining.

Good old Joe will say Uh-huh, and keep right on reading: his Missus checks the windows in the room and exits to survey the others.

She returns to announce. Theres none blowing in, thank Goodness. It has been so very warm.

But, being conscientious, she once again eyes the windows of the den.

Joe, its raining in on this side, she warns: and promptly begins closing them.

Her helpmate is just arising to

assist In the window-closing routine when he sees they have already been closed and the Missus has scurried to close all the windows on that side of the house.

Joe Is Just settling back into his chair when a voice from the door calls, You might have helped me, you know.

But the windows on one side of the house are now already closed, and the pitter-patter of rain against them signals the immediate crisis Is over. Joe retires again to his reading: but not his wife, shes prowling the house again.

Fully a minute passes before theres another scurry of feet, the sound of closing windows,, and Mrs. Blow comes into the room (all out of breath). It started raining in the boys* room, she says- I closed all the

Other E(ditors Saying Youth And Big Govmt

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) Premier Nikita Khrushchev, the fantastic Russian who seems to begrudge any other human being the limelight very long, has suddenly grabbed it back again.

He is novr doing his best to knock the presidential campaign off the worlds front pagesand may interfere in itand could even wind up at dinner in the White House with President Eisenhower whom he belittled and insulted.

Look at what he set in motion Thursday night with the Moscow announcement he and the heads of all the Iron Curtain Communist nations except Red China will go to New York for the. United Nations meeting opening Sept. 20.

1. This invasion will occur in the midst of the presidential campaign.

2. With Khrushchev going. Cubas Fidei Castro may go to the U.N. too.

3. Since Khrushchev will use the U.N. as a world forum for Communist propaganda, President Eisenhower will almost certainly have to go to New York to make a major reply.

4. If Eisenhower goes, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan may also go. Likewise. French President Charles de Gaulle.

.5. This sets the stage for the possibility of a super-super summit conference, although Khrushchev wrecked the summit meeting with Eisenhower last May and said another would be useless until there was a new president.

6. Such a summit meeting in New York would first require some evidence of good will on

both sides. Instead, its possible the U.N. sessions will turn into an international shouting match, and an ugly one at that.

7. If there are no explosions, Eisenhower might invite Khrushchev to Washington. The President at his Aug. 10 news conference didnt foreclose the possibility. He* said hed Invite the Russian if he thought it useful.

The major item before the U.N. is disarmament. The Communists have already indicated they want to discuss more than that. The discussions could go on for weeks.

Meanwhile, whos going to notice the presidential campaign, particularly since Vice President Richard M. Nixon and Sen. John F. Kennedy by that time will probably be repeating what they had said before?

Khrushchev could create a sensation if he asked to meet the presidential candidates in public and got into a wrangle with them or showed a preference between them.

The real purpose of his visit may be that it is simply timed to get maximum pubiicity to follow some new and spectacular Soviet achievement in space.

But there are other possibilities. .

1. That he has such contempt for the United States, it delights him to barge in just at a time when this country thought it w as to be free of foreign crisis Jor a while and could concentrate on the presidential race.

2. Or, that it is part of Kremlin.psychology to keep the world confu.sed and in turmoil by sudden, unpredictable performances which make the Soviets look like well-wishers and the West like

(Continued on page six)

(Memphis Commercial Appeal)

The White House Conference on Children and Youth was held in Washington last spring: March 27 to April 2, to be exact. In attendance were 7,500 delegates, 1,400 of them between 16 and 21 years. The others were professional youth workers or laymen interested in these matters.

The report on the conference was published recently and has been studied by Congressional Quarterly, a private research organization. The Inescapable conclusion is that the young people concerned and their mentors and friends are overwhelmingly in favor of bigger and bigger government on both state and Federal levels.

The conference was divided into 18 forums and they came up with a total of 670 recommendations, some dozens of which directly calleil for and involved Federal interference might be salutary. As a rule, the gist was that there is now no need for pursuing happiness because Big Government will bring it to you.

Among characteristic recommendations is one for more and more Federal and state support for housing in all categories and without any particular regard for economic status. The conference advocated Federal aid for education at all levels in the public school system, including scholarships and fellowships and college hou.sing.

It goes without much need of saying that the conference favored increased Federal and state aid for welfare services of all sorts. In brief, the conference advocated spending taxpayers funds for improving the condition

of practically everybody. There was a great deal more, but enough has been cited to show the trend.

As far as we have been able to leam, there was litUe or nothing said about obligations and responsibilities or the duty of the individual to car for himself and his dependents. There was also no apparent indication that anyone realized the waste of tax money Involved when it is collected locally, sent to Washington for processing and then dribbled back to the communities from which it came.

What we wonder, do these young people think? Thank heaven they are not representative of by any means ail young Americans, by the way. Do they actually imagine that we can have handout for everybody all the time? Are they oblivious to or igncnrant of the fact that acceptance of Federal funds means the Imposition of Federal controls and the loss of individual liberty? Do, they think at all? Perhaps they are just mouthing words put into their mouths by others.

In any event, if the proposals made by this conference should go into effect, the nation would be sowing the wind in prepation for reaping the whirlwind. These youngsters had better get wise and discover where wealth comes from and how. In another manner of speaking, they had better learn there is no such thing as a free lunch.

Socialism is a theory that appeals to a great many young people who have not yet had their theorizing tempered by hard facts. It does have one defect, however, for it will not work.

windows in that room and on that side.

Pausing only long enough to rearrange a chair, the lady departs again. Joe reads on. The rain rains on.

So much peace and quiet disturbs our reader, be wondCTs li his good wife has recently (in the past thirty seconds) checked the other windows. He reluctantly rises, lays aside the paper, and moves toward the door just in time to bear

Joe! itA raining in the kitchen and into our bedroom, hurry!*

He hurries.

Good old Joe gets to the bedroom in time to meet a flurry of motion emerging; he turns to meet the kitchen threat, but by the time Joe gets there the last window has been slammed shut.

The bouse Ja sow sealed.

There is no movement of air. It Is very warm indeed.

Our Hero so. Ipitfer^ls inclined to read; he is no longer inclined to shut windows, but to open them. Insofar as window-closing goes, he been outmaneuvered and out-scurried. He feels as useful as a sixth toe.

But our picture is corajdete.

The rain has been blowing from four directions In a matter of minutes.

Impossible you say?

So do I. But Ive seen it happen too many times in these past few weeks.

Probably you have too.

But in retrospect, rain blowing from all directions does sound implausible to the uninitiated.

Opinions -

"n Brief

A California judge has discovered a way to clean that states highways of rubbish thrown out by motorists. He sentenced a lady convicted of tossing a can from a car to one of three choices. She could pay a $150 fine, serve 30 days in jail, or clean up a mile stretch of highway. She chose the trash detail and in a single mile picked up 11 sacks of trash. This seems like a good enough idea for Florida judges to note. Florida Times-Unlon.

Strange people, these Russians, and kind of backward. They boot the tourist before they have learned how to hold and fleece him. Miami Herald.

Progress is wonderful. Each year it takes less time to cross the ocean by airplane and more time to drive to work.Highland (111.) News-Leader.

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT Copyright, 1960, King Featares Sysdlcate, Ine.

All sorts of new places.and new names aiHiiear in the events of the day and as it is impossible to understand what is going on without a working knowledge of geography, I looked around for a good one. Back when I went to school, geography was a separate subject and. we had to study it, drawing maps, tracing them sometimes, filling them in with variegated crayons. putting in the place names.

80 that one had an idea where a place was and what kind of people Mved there and what they did for a living and how one thing related to another.

Nowadays, it appears, geog- 1 _ raphy is all mixed up with other subjects and is part of the social science which is a mixed up aubject, not meaning the same thing to two social scientists. So it was a bit difficult to find the kind of book I wanted which. would educate me about places and peoples.

So, I bought a geography from the Supwintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.

This is a volume prepared by the Air Force for its ROTC, Military Aspects of World Po- , litical Geography. and it is a mighty good book and very helpful, indeed.

Nations are multiplying like flies and soon the United Nations will have as many members as the United States Senate has legislators. And if each one wants to make a speech on each subject that comes up, the General Assembly will exist under a permanent filibuster. To understand what is going on, a person requires a re-reading of history and geography. This is particularly true concerning the new nations of Africa, a continent about which most us know nothing. Yet Africa has been in the news, as it were, for more centuries than the Americas.

The peoples of Africa are mostly various shades black although not all of them go by the generto term of Negroes.

For instance. Hannibals armies that marched on Rome during the Punic Wars (218-201 B.C.) were led by a dark-skinned Semitic people called the Carthaginians who were descendutts of the Phoenicians who were probably the Phllis-tines, mentioned in ttie Bible as being sometimes ttie friends and most often the enemies of the Hebrews when Saul, David, Solomon and their descendants ruled over Israel. These people Intermarried undoubtedly with the Hamitlc peoples of whmn the i*esent EthioiHans are the best examines. Those do not regard themselves as Negroes.

The Bantus in the news today, however, are Negroes.

As the Portuguese. Spaniards.

Dutch, French and British have been invading and settling in various parts of Africa since the 15th century, and as the Romans, Vandals, and other European conquerors came toere even earlier, to say nothing of the Turks, Arabs and other Moslem conquerors, the peoples of many parts of Africa are of very mixed origin.

In fact, as cme reads geography, the question must arise as to iirhy peoples look so different. Why are some of one color and others of another? Ls it the sun? Is it the food they eat? Is it the natural environment? The Bible has a simple explanation li^ the story of Noahs sons, but that does not give us an Inkling into t varieties of human beings that are found upon the face of the Earth. What makes a Lumumba rise above admass of illiterate almost savage men and women?

Is it education? Does schooling change personality to that extent? From what part of Africa did Adam .Clayton Powells ancestors come or Alexandre Dumas or RaliA Bunches?

There is so much to know and life is so short that erne hardly gets started before his day comes. WeU, I am just beginning to study Africa to try to understand what it contains. I recall that when I first heard of China and the Chinese, it was quite simple: China had no snow: the Chinese ato rice; the Chinese were all short and Uiln, etc., etc. Then I lived in China and discovered that everything, but everything, I had heard about that country was false. I soon learned that^ China was , like any other place and that latitude and longitude affected the lives of people, that snow (Continued <m page six)

Some Rewards Of Middle Age

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

WHAT IS MAN?

Are you ever frightened by the sizt of the number that you see in accounts of todays acliievements in space exploration? Rockets move thousands 01 miles per hour. A satellite has traveled more than eight million miles from the earth. We have radio transmitters that can send signals fifty million miles. In a universe of infinitely vast space and uncountable numbers of unimaginably enormous stars, what Ls a little, insignificant speck called man?

The^ize of the universe is nT alP that IS belittling to human dignity today Much of the earth.s surface is under the rule of com-inunust govcrnnienLs to whom the power of the totalitarian state

Ls all. the worth or rights of the individual, nothing. Every year thousands of innocent lives are wiped out in fulfillment of whatever master plan or new purge may currently be in favor with the dictators. Human life as such has no value in the communist world.

Does all this mean that we as individuals are really of no importance save to our own small selves? No, It does not. We do have human worth and dignity because we are chil-dien of God, In a world which .seems to be growing too big for _jis. we can still walk holding trustingly to our Fathers hand.

The statement that the hairs of our heads are numbered, is the figurative w'sy of saying that in the univer.se, everything is an integral part of everything else.

By HAL BOYLE

NEW YORK (AP) - When does the fun begin?** plaintively asked a friend of mine some weeks after passing his 40th birthday.

He had been hearing' for years that life begins at 40, and he was impatient for the change.

What did you think would liappeu that you would suddenly grow feathers?** I Inquired.

Nothing quite that dramatic, he replied. But I'd always heard that life was different after 40 but. as of now, I dont see any difference at all.

But he will in time. The magical marvels of middle age don't dawn all at once. They come upon you gradually, pretty much like erosion.

Here are a few of the things which happen to you in the years after 40:

You give up tennis and take up shufflcboard that Ls, until the game gets too exciting for your

nerves.

You swear off martinis forever twice a week instead of once a month.

You become annoyed at your life insurance agent for sending you a card on your birthday.

You start reading the medical column in your daily newspaper, and no matter what ailment the doctor describes you recognize the symptoms in yourself.

You no longer take the dog for a daily walk. He takes you.

If you see three teen-age youths coming toward you on the sidewalk, you cross to the other side ol the street. After all, they may be juvenile delinquents and who wants trouble anyway?

When you Indulge in wolf talk with pretty girls In the office, they get an absent-minded look. They know you're clawless-

You decline to talk politics to ai.yone under 40. because you feel anyone that young couldn't pos-tibly know what was best for the

country.

The weather becomes of vital Importance. If the weather man predicts a clear day and it rains, you write a letter of compaint to your congressman.

You find yourself reaching more often for the bicarbonate of soda than the aspirin.

There comes a spring when you hand the trowel to your wife and say, Honey, you fight the crab-grass this year.

Suits seem to be made of cheaper materials. They dont wear as long particularly in the seat of the trousers.

You refuse to go to a banquet unless, of course, you yourself are the after-dinner speaker.

You get sleepy by 10 p.m., but start waking up every morning at 6 oclock an hour before the alarm rings.

You go on a diet and learn that abstinence makes the heart grow fonder of foods you no longer are allowed.

You begin wearing shirts with a size larger collar not because youve really gained so much weight, but because they Just feel more comfortable.

You think twice before bending over to tie a'loose shoelace.

You give up eating com on the cob. It's no longer worth the dental bills.

No matter what happens today. It reminds you of something even more fascinating that hai;^iiied 20 years ago. Or was it 25?

You brood more about the Tiigh cost of living particularly the rising prices of funerals. You tell your wife, Just put me In a plain pine box, thats aU I ask. Now and then you talk to yourself. This bothers you until you reach the philosophic conclusion, Well, what man ever had a finer audience?

These are just a few of the rewards of middle age. Is It any wonder so Mumy jrcara toI.