MCE rOURfHE O^yLV REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

ThurtdAjr, September 1, 1960

l^iirsday, September 1, 1960

At Last, Recognition For The East

It is highly significant for Eastern North Carolina and particularly for Greenville that presidential nom^ ince Sen. John Kennedy has selected this city as one of his five stops on his campaign swing through the state September 17.

It will mark the fir^t time in modern history that a presidential candidate has come cast of Raleigh on a campaign .launt, and for Greenville it will mark the first time that a president or candidate for the highest office in the land has visited here. It is also significant, perhaps, that Greenville will be Sen. Kennedys first stop in North Carolina.

With only a little more than two weeks to prepare for Kennedys visit here, it is obvious that a great deal of work must be done by local citizens as well as Democratic leaders to insure the success of the visit of the first presidential candidate to this part of the state. The responsibility does not rest alone with Greenville and Pitt County, but the fact that Kennedy will be here ^certainly places a great portion of the burden on local citizens.

' Kennedys visit to the East places a greater emphasis on the political importance of this section of the state in the national election than heretofore has been accorded the predominately Democratic area.

Citizenship Day Slated Sept 17

By LYNN NISBET

BIRTHDAYGovernor Hodges haa officially designated September 17 as Citizenship Day in North Carolina, and the full week of September 17-23 as Constitution Week in the state. This action followed national designation for the same purposes by the President of the United States.

These official designations are entirely prc^r. In fact, the occasion perhaps justifies a formal proclamation, having force of law to require observance by the people. Because September 17, 1787, rather than July 4. 1776, i* the real birthday of this nation.

The-war for American independence had been in progress for several years before the . -Continental Congress at Phila-

fiphia on July 4, 1776, adopted e xt of the Declaration Inaependence. Tiie war was conducted without much organization among the colonies, but with recognition of common purpose. It was not until two years later, in 177^ that the Congress submitted to the sev-ral States the Articles of Confederation, which designated the participants as the United States of America. That document contemplated separate and individual States and the term always was used in the plural. It was a confederation and not a union.

After the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, peace treaties were signed by the British government with each of the 13 states separately and as individual sovereigns, rather than with one union as a sovereign nation. The Confederation continued after the war, with each State sending representatives to a Continental Congress, the presiding officer of which was designated President of the United States.

UNIONSlate leaders recognized the inadequacy of the setup and got together to call a convention in Philadelphia in 1786 to tighten the organization. After months of deliberation the representativa agreed on a constitution on September 17, 1787. The preamble opens with these historic words; The people of the United States. In order to form a more perfect union, . . .do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America.

That was the birth of the nation. Pursuant to ihat constitution the following year George Washington was elected the

first president by almost the same procedure as the president wl be elected this year. North Carolina could not participate in the first election of George Washington because this State did not ratify the constitution and join the union until 1889, after the Bill of

Rightsthe first ten amend

mentshad been adopted.

This little article does not purport to be a history of the Constitution or the changing interpretations placed upon it.

The purpose is to show that it was the Constitution, rather than the Declaration of Independence, that made a nation out of the United States of America, and that September 17 is more accurately the national birthday than July 4.

It is appropriate that the occasion be observed in schools and civic clubs, by all levels of government and by Individual citizens, as requested by the President of the United States and the Governor of North Carolina. A good way to begin the birthday observance will be to lead the text of the Constitution. It is good literature, as well as sound government philosophy.

SUBLINE? The late James Bryce, British historian and ambassador to the United States, said the constitution is the subliraest document ever struck off by the hand and mind of man.

Since ratification of th first ten amendments, which as the Bill of Rights can properly be considered a part of the original document, there have been twelve other amendments.

AMENDMENTS The eleventh amendment, first to be adopted individually, limited the power of the judiciary. The twelfth amendment provided ^or joint election of a President and Vice President on the same ticket, rather than having the man who received the second highest number of electoral votes designated as Vice President, It was ratified in 1804.

For more thon* 60 years the constitution remained unchanged. Then as aftermath of the Civil War the 13th amendment banning slavery was adopted in 1865, The controversial 14 th, commonly known as the Re-consUniction Amendment, was ratified in 1868; and the 15th, providing that voting rights should not be denied because of race, color or previous condition of servitude, was ratified in 1871.

There was another period of 40 years without change, until the income tax amendment was adopted in 1913. That same year the 17th amendment, providing for election of United States Senators by popular vote of the people, rather than by the Legislatures. was ratified. The 18th or prohibition amendment was declared in effect in 19W, but later was repealed by the 21st amendment in 1933.

The 19th amendment in 19M provided for woman suffrage.

The 20th amendment, adopted in 1933, provided for the Presidents term to begin on January 20th instead of March 4. The 22nd. limiting presidential service to two terms was effective In 1951.

All of the amendments adopted within the pa.st 150 years <13th to 22nd), are regarded as legislative, in most cases punitive. rather than basic to constitutional needs.

Not only does his five-top tour point up the importance of North Carolina in the coming election, but his decision to move into the East gives unprecedented recognition to the important role this section plays in the Democratic party in North Carolina.

It is a feather in the cap of Greenville and Pitt County that Sen. Kennedy has selected this site for his visit out of all that were available in this part of the state. Greenville is of course not the largest city in the Eastern part of the state, and certainly it has not been the only one actively seeking the selection as one of Kennedys stops. The fact that it has been selected, however, emphasizes its growing importance as a focal point of activity in a broad section of North Carolina.

There is another factor that should not escape consideration by local citizens now that Sen Kennedys vi.sit here has been officially confirmed. Greenville will be vying with Raleigh, Charlotte, Greensboro and Asheville, four of the largest cities of the state, to see which will afford the Democratic nominee the largest turn-out and biggest welcome in North Carolina. . k

This presents a challenge not only to Greenville and Pitt County, but to all Eastern North Carolina as well. This area has long sought some sort of official recognition from national party leaders for the role it has played in the Democratic party over a long period of years. That recognition has now come with Kennedys decision to vLsit here.

The area in future considerations at the national party level, will be judged at least in part on the kind of reception received by the first presidential candidate ever to visit Eastern North Carolina.

School Facilities To Need New Expanding

Those who have taken time to follow the increasing enrollment figures in Greenvilles city schools over past few years are aware of the growth of the school system, and the new facilities that are required from, year to year to provide for the increasing number of youngsters in the school system.

On opening day for the citys schools this year enrollment was up 202 from last years opening day. This figure, school officials indicate, will represent approximately net increase over last years enrollment.

If we assume that the average school classroom has about 30 students, this net increase of 202 students in the city schools this year indicates the necessity for about .seven new classrooms and a like number of teachers to conduct classes in those rooms. With school enrollment increasing at such a rate, the demand for entire new school buildings every few years becomes apparent. It is also evident that capital expenditures for increasing the physical facilities of the citys must be made almost every year if the schools are not to become greatly overcrowded.

Growth of the school system reflects the growth of the community, but at the same time it confronts the community with the problem of keeping its schools abreast of the demands being made upon them.

Greenville, long recognized for its outstanding public school system, must continue to build more schools and classrooms and must continue to expand its public school faculty to keep pace with enrollment. If the capital improvement program were to bog down even for a year or two, we probably 5vould find our schools horribly overcrowded and the calibre of instruction afforded our youngsters seriously deteriorated.

Nothina Gainec.

3y Either Side

The Minnow And The Whale

FOLLOW ME

Oft I WILL

SWALLOW

you/

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By HENRY HOWARD

Now The Oldest

Though its been & week now, we have yet to see a published word about it.

So, we thought we might pass along an Item that may well be oi general interest.

It was called to our attention by R.B. Starling, social studies professor at J. H. Rose High School here.

He came up with the startling news that Dwight David Eisenhower, a week ago today, became the oldest man in this fair land's history to hold the office of

President of these United States.

The record-holder, says Star-l.ng, pi'ior to last Thursday was 69-year-old James Buchanan whose term of office expired on March 4. 1861. On that day, Buchanan was exactly 69 years, 313 days old.

Last Thursday, Ike becapie 69 years, 316 days old. Thus our current president becomes our oldest. Every day he sets a new record.

Quite a noteworthy discovery, we think.

Other Editors Saying Demands Of Discipline

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP)-It was a big bust.

This dying summer session of Congress used up the taxpayers money accomplishing practically nothing and strangled itself in politics, polemics, partisanship and poor performance.

Neither Democrats nor Republicans can claim a victory from what happened, for very little was done except to leave the voters more confused than ever on what result to expect from the November elections.

For weeks voters ears have been pounded with the leadership theme by the two presidential candidatesVice President Richard M. Nixon and Sen. John F. Kennedyeach claiming hes the one to do "the leading.

Each had a chance to do his stuff in this congressional session, Kennedy more than Nixon because Nixon, by the nature of the vice presidency, has to stay pretty much on the sidelines.

Both suffered dismal defeats. Each backed his own kind of medical care program. The Senate approved a program much less than either wanted.

If this session of Congress showed anything it showed the frustration Nixon and Kennedy face In dealing with Congress next year, no matter which one wins in November,

The Senate Democrats, outnumbering the Republicans 66-34, had enough votes to ram through anything they wished if they stuck together, but they didnt.

Nineteen Southern Democrats deserted the rest of their party to join the Republicans in killing Kennedys medical care bill.

Thus was revealed once again the myth of regarding the Democratic party as a single party with a unified will and viewpoint.

In the November elections, only one-third of the 100 Senate seats are at stake and the Democrats outnumber the Republicans 66-34. The Democrats dont figure to lose their majority in November, no matter who wins the presidency.

In the House all 437 seats are at stake. But there the Democrats outnumber the Republicans 280 to 152, with five vacancies.

So, short of a Republican landslide, which no one Is predicting, the Democrats dont expect to lose control in the House, either.

If Nixon wins the presidency he faces the prospect of dealing wlhh a Democrallc-run Congress, which can be a frustrating experience, as Kennedy ought to be able to tell him.

Kennedy, because he needs all the votes he can get and cant (Continued on Page 7)

(Washington Daily News)

There seems to be prevailing talk today on the streets, over card tables, and In various places about ie breakdown in schools.

We say quite frankly that regardless of how good discipline might be right now. we are losing sight of human values If we fall to realize that there is always room for improvement. Discipline has never been perfect and it never will be. But when efforts are made courageously and sincerely to improve it, then those demanding discipline are on the right track.

All too often infractions of rules among school aged children are immediately charged to a lack of discipline in the school. In many cases the infractions might have occurred at night or away from the school area, but the very fact that they were made by school children seems to cause talk that the schools are at fault.

Very frankly, we admit that school discipline can and should be improved. Such simple behavior which embraces com-mofl courtcsty,, consideration, politeness, and' understanding seems to have become a lost art. And we need to Instill in the young minds the value of these qualities.

Improvement of discipline in schools will be a much easier job if discipline is first improved in the homes. All too often parents expect the school authorities to Instill a sort of discipline in the educational arena which is totally lacking in the homes.

All too often the talk of discipline really means that of disciplining the other fellows children, but it is seldom said apply the same rule to my own. At this point we are led to ask a direct question. This question is addressed 4o the parents of children who will be attending school this year. Are you ready and willing to back up school authorities In this matter of discipline even to the extent of seeing your own child

disciplined if he breaks the rules?

When parents answer that question searchingly and completely, and if that answer is in the affirmative, then weU be getting well on the road to a good solution and to better discipline.

We think school authorities h|ive been much too lax in this, matter of discipline. But equally strong we think that the greater burden rests with the parents who have been much too lax in the homes.

We honestly feel that in many instances school authorities have been prone to ignore many discipline problems. They have tended to apply the whitewash brush rather than trying to improve existing conditions. That should stop and stop now. When an administrator fails to admit that discipline, regardless of how good it Is. can be improved, he has become blind to realism.

When a parent says discipline the other fellows child, but for Heavens sake dont discipline my child. the parent is placed in a position of being a severe critic while at the same time being an obstacle to the solution.

If the parents want better discipline, then better discipline will follow.If they want it to the extent of saying well back up school authorities 100 percent, then we are on the right road.

Discipline Is no one way street. The teachers cant discipline a child when the parent is blind to. the facts and unwilling to cooperate.

What we need now in the effort to solve our discipline problems is a real understanding and a real spirit of cooperation between parents and school administrators. If we dont get these things, then all the talk, all the editorials, and all the problem studies In the world wont help very much.

Are you Ready? Are you Willing? Are you Able? The most Important answer rests with the parents.

Opinions In Brief

In Pos

By the expiration of his

current term in January, Ike will be over 70.

But while were in the presidential record book we might as well linger for what it's worth.

The oldest president at the time of his election still remains In the records as William Henry Harrison, inaugurated at the

age of 68 in 1841. Harrison and his running mate, John Tyler, were elected on a log cabin and hard cider slogan. But Harrison caught pneumonia at the inauguration ceremonies and died, still at age 68. shortly after becoming president.

The president who lived the longest still is John Adarps,

George Washingtons successor, who died at age 90. Thirty-first president Herbert Hoover, however, was 86 on Aug. 10 and has an opportunity to overtake Adams.

The yoUligeatmftn ever to be elected Americas president was the countrys 26th chief executive, Thcordore Roosevelt.

Teddy, reputedly famous for reading his Spanlsh-American War Rough Riders charging up Kettle HUl. took the oath of office at age 42.

Those are some of the records, but theyre the ones everybody knows and can find with ease."

The item handed us by Starling was not in that category. He was alert enough to take note of a fact before the very eyes of millions of Americans.

Were Just passing his calcu-laUcHUi along.

Speaking of records, we were thinking that maybe when Jack Kennedy visits Greenville soon, hell be the youngest presidential nominee to ever make a public appearance here.

As a matter of fact, we were told. Kennedy w'ill be the first presidential candidate or president to visit Greenville since George Washington visited what he called a trifling place on the Tar River.

Difference between a poor man and a rich man is that one worries about his next meal while the other worries about his past one. Carlsbad Cur-rent-Argus.

Colorado has a medical care program on the state level that pays for 30 days of hospitalization, nursing home care, doctors and medicineall of this being less than the Forand Bill plan. But hows Colorados program working? Its going into the red by $102,000 a month. Colorado citizens are learning their program isnt free.Chattanooga News-Free Press.

iimes Do Not Chanae

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copyright, 1960, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Both political parties include Conservatives as they do Liberals and Progressives. These terms are not positive. Their meaning changes constantly. Certainly Benjaibln Disraeli would not recognize the Conservative Party of Great Britain today any more than Mark Hanna would recognize the Republican Party. The labels remain; the Inherent meaning, the objectives, the purposes change.

There arc those who alwaj's use the phrase, Times change. Times, of ccmrse, do not change; the calendar goes its merry way in utter disregard of the virtues or foibles of human beings. It is people who are different. They are different by personal habits, by education, by occupation, hy geography.

The American, for instance, who left this town of Sandlsfield in Massachusetts before the ChvU War, was a descendant of Englishmen who settled in Hartfprd, Connecticut. They came into the wilderness of these mountains to fight Indians and to win personal Independence by unbelievable hard work. The stone walls of my farm are living evidence of the backbreaking work those men did to earn a living; the old cemetery on my farm tells of the wives who died early fighting the battle of life alongside their husbands.

Some of their descendants, who had learned how to make a remarkable Cheddar cheese, which went by the name of store cheese, moved away to Oneida County in New York State. And some of their descendants moved to Ohio and westward.

These people were not seeking assurances; they took great risks to find life. When one lives among some of them hereabout who are in their 80s and 90s, he discovers a wild breath of independence. Here is no average, no generality, no conformity. It is still each man for himself. But not so with the younger generations who have worked In factories and in organized Jobs in the woods and on modern road building and who know their place in the presence of a foreman or a shop steward. Some of the girls work in the towns hereabouts, in chain stores, and they pretty themselves up the same as city girls do. and they know from television what cosmetics to use and what deodorants. And instead of going to church on Sunday, to listen to long sermoDS, they sleep off Saturday nights carousal.

These are the same hills; the same sky; the same trees; the same dirt roads. But the people have been made different by the central town school instead of the Red Schoolhouse; by reading paper-back books instead of Horatio Alger; by knowing that they will get protection from the state If they are out of work. Maybe life is easier, particularly for the women, but something of the flame has gone (Hit of them. Their ancestors were a rebellious people who, even in Uie Presidemiy of George Washington, insisted on having their own way and fought it out in Shayss Rebellion. But these days, hereabouts, the great question at issue is whether a grinder is better if made fresh (h* if got frozen in a chain store.

Eliminating the cliche about changing times, we must wonder what has produced so different a race of people upon this continent than were" here in the 1860s, Neither the Conservative nor the Liberal wants to go back to the cust(Mns and habits of the 1860's or the 1890s, but the Conservative is astonished, if not dismayed, by the habits of thought, the concepts of morals, the acceptance of improprieties, the lack of respect for men or institutions In the I960s. The Conservative asks whether it Is necessary to be physically dirty to be progressive in thought. The Conservative wonders whether it is necessary to use broken English to be stylistic; whether women have to wear short-shorts in public to prove equality with unshaved men. It is not only a question of philosophy, but of manners, of ways of life, of propriety. Is it necessary that divorce be so general and broken homes so usual to prove that we are a liberal people?

These are tne questions that the Conservative asks. For instance, he cannot understand why those public officials who \^ere 100 per cent wrong in their (Continued on Page 7)

Strength For Today

Hunch Led To Financial Success

By EARL L. DOUGLAS.S

JUDGING WITHOUT FEAR

Sir John Bowering wrote the famous hymn, In The Cross of Christ I Glory, yet this same Bowering was the man who iasteened the opium trade on China, rendering millions of persons helpless victims of a soul-wrecking habit. John Newton, as he paced the- deck of a ship he commanded and which operated most prosperously in the slave trade, composed the hymn which h(*gina How sweet the name of Je.Mii suiimLa, in the heliever's ear!"

Were these men hypocrites? Not uects,sarlly so. They just kept their religion in one compartment of their minds and their biu'iine.ss affairs in another, probably both would have been indig

nant and filled with a deep sense oi injury had anyone said that they were hypocrites. One was a sea captain, sent by his employers to do a job. The fact that his job was the carrying of slaves from Africa to different paiLs of the world and the throwing overboard every few days of the dead and near dead-well. this was part of a career which had its unpleasant aspects. As for Bowering, he was operating under orders when he im-ixxsed the opium trade on China. Wf can imagine hLs saying: Im a fhri.'stian believer. In the crons oi Christ I glory. Juage me al the peril of your own soul. Yet we do judge himevery decent thing within iw judges him, and with no fear that high heaveu wiil take a swipe at us.

By ELMER ROESSNER

The suggestion by psychologist Eugene Raudsepp that businessmen trust their hunches has brought a reminder that pure hunch led to one of the most amazing financial successes In American history.

The hunch projected a company secretary so high he almost succeeded in electing a President of Uie United SUes. and made the du Pont* richer than ever. Thats something!

The reminder comes from Everett A. Gibbs, of the Los Angeles law firm of 0Melveny Si Myers. He wrile.s;

At the close of World War I, the du Pont company found itself wtih lome $4(1,000,000 on hand which it neecled to invest. John J. Raskob wa.s Pierre du Pouts secretary at the time and suggested to Mi*, du Font that

the automobile would be the coming thing, that If the company could make a good InvesU ment in the automobile he believed it would be profitable. DU FONTS LISTEN Mr. du Pont and his brothers Irenee and Lamont took $25,000,-000 and invested it in General Motors, buying out William C. Cui*ant when the firm was in troubled times. The value of that stock today is in the neighborhood of 13,000,000,000. Before Mr. Raskob died he became vice president of the du Pont Company and also held several top posilion.s with Genernl Motors

He also tried to get Alfred E. Smith elected President. That hunch failed.

Du Pont went into the car busineii.s and found fir.st off that the car.s could not be .void be-cause people could not pay cash

for them and banks, the only source of credit then, did not trust the people, Mr. Gibbs recalled.

Mr. Raskob suggested, 'Why not .set up a finance company to finance the cars. I believe that if we trust the people they will pay.

, Mr. Raskob became known as the father of the GMAC plan whereby a buyer pays a third down and the balance in 12, 18 or more months. The buyer maintained enough equity in the car to induce him to keep paying in more than 99 per cent of the casp.s,

UARItlFD STEP BACK

Dealers still couldnt afford to buy the cars. Mr. Raskob that suggested that GMAC finance the dealers purchases, requiring only 10 per cent of the factory price of the car when the car was bought, the balance

to be wiped out when the debt was transferred to the ultimate purchaser. The rest is history. At the time of the original conversation between du Pont and Raskob the automobile industi*y was in the doldrums and a machine would have decided against risking good money for such an enterprise.

UNCLE SAM TELLS WAYS TO RAISE MORE CAPITAL

What will probably be a bestseller is a four-page leaflet, Providing Capital for Your Firm," telling ways In which a small business man can Improve' hLs own capital status and can get capital troni other.s.

The success of this leaflet w1U be due (IJ to the fact that so many small enterprisers need more capital and (2) the leaflet is free for a.vklng the Snmll Biisinc.ss AdmiuisUatiou, WsshlDgUtt -Ml