PAGE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOil. GREENVILLE, N. C

Tuesday, August 30, 1960

The Man Who Bought Ice (A Fable)

Tar Heels Prefer To Retain Voice

It is not likely that North Carolinians will quickly agree to proposals that certain top state officials be appointed rather than elected, thus placing a greater amount of authority in the hands of the governor of the state.

On the eve of his departure as director of the Department of Administration, Paul A. Johnston proposed that consideration be given to making the secretary of state, commissioner of agriculture, commissioner of insurance, and the commissioner of labor all appointive officers to be named by the governor. Johnstons proposal also included having the superintendent of public instruction appointed by the State -Board of Education, and the state auditor appointed by the legislature.

All of these officials are now elected directly by the voters of the state. They are viewed as being di-.rectly responsible to the people of the state rather ^than to the governor, to the legislature or to any of the boards or commissions of the state.

The suggestion that North Carolina decrease the number of its top elective officials and make more of these positions appointive rather than elective not new. Similar suggestions have been made a number of times over the years, but for the most part they have fallen on deaf ears.

North Carolina and its people seem determined to retain a pattern of state government with many checks and balances even in the administrative branch. It has been reluctant to give its governor many of the powers that are taken for granted in other states, and it has shunned suggestions that many top administra

tiveofficials should be named by and directly responsible to the governor.

While the governor of North Carolina has broad powers, the Council of State, composed of elective officers as well as the governor, has the authority to pass on many administrative policies and matters before they can be effected. The fact that members of the Council of State are elected officials rather than appointive places them in a position to take issue with proposals of the governor rather than act as a rubber stamp to the governors wishes.

It might be that greater efficiency in the administrative branch of the state government could be achieved if some of the officials presently elected were appointed instead. But the greatest possible degree of efficiency is not always attainable in a democratic government without sacrificing the voice and influence of the people who live under the government.

. In the past it has been the position of Tar Heels that they would tolerate a little less efficiency in their state government in order to retain the far-reaching checks and balances that have become part of the administrative branch. There is no indication at the moment that the thinking of the people of the state on this particular point has changed.

Johnstons proposals may have merit, but it is not likely that the necessary constitutional changes to bring them about will receive approval of the legislature or the voters of the state.

School Buses Require

c;inw Tn A rppnt

^ V V -- The hicr nrnntyo Kfhnnl InndpH wntV* tViP

Any Changes

By LYNN NISBET

TRAVAILNorth Carolina is in the throes of political travail. equal In agony to the pains 0 economic rebirth suffered during the past decade. The transition from a predominantly, agrarian rural social order to an urhaa - suburban industrialized economy has been underway since close of World War 11, ac-celleratcd since 1954. Changes, although inevitable, have been reluctantly accepted by many people. There are some who still protest and resistwith determination but without hope.

The political reformation (?) has been more subtle through 30 years or longer. The 1928 election proved that North Carolina could not be unquestionably bracketed in the Democratic column with respect to national affairs. Since 1940 the voting trends have been consistently toward balance of power. North Carolina Is now recognized by both major political parties as a border state. That logically follows recognition as a border state between agriculture and industry.

PROVINCIAL That means the State of North Carolina is movingor has movedout of its status of provincialism into a place of Importance in the national scheme. That involved new opportunities and imposes new responsibilities, without relief from any of the old obligations. It calls for a new type of leada^hip.

Luth^ Hodges provided that leadership in the Industrial promotion field, Terry Sanford, Governor - desnate, offers leadership in the political sphere. He is challenging the State of North Carolina to forget ancestral pride in being tops in the South, and move into the area of dominance in the nation, both in economics and politics.

There are intriguing possibilities.

BIO TIMEEliforts to move North Carolina into the big time circuit have not always been pleasing to a great many North Carolinians. Governor Hodges has been criticized for disrupting tte traditional pattern of agricultural control by promoting industrial devedop-ment. Sanford is under fire for his early endorsement of Kennedy for President. His slated reasons that he sensed certainty of Kennedys nomination and believe he was doing service to his State in acceptingjtbat fact are logical, but not palatable to some of the old timers who resent necessity for different approach to changing conditions.

Like it or not. these changes are inevitable. The fact that Terry Sanford has close affiliation with Kennedy and the new national Democratic organiza

tion, and the further fact that Luther Hodges has been chosen to head an important committee in the national campaign, proves that North Carolina will have substantial influence in the next national administration if the Democratic Kennedy - Johnson ticket wins in November.

If they do not win and the Republicans continue to occupy the White House, North Caro-^ lina prestige will be less but still potentbecause there isnt a chance for Republicans to gain control of the Congress. It is possible that North Carolina prestige would be enhanced as much in event of a Republican national victory as if the Democrats win the election, provided North Carolina stays with the Democrats. Memories of lost prestige in 1928 raise serious question whether North Carolina would get much recognition at hands of the Republican administration if the State should give its electorsd vote to that party. Practical politlcans in control of affairs would not be disposed to give much consideration to newcomers when long-time Republican supporters are available.

PRACTICALFrom the political viewpoint it would appear that North Carolina has more to gain by voting for the national Democratic ticket, as well as the State ticket, regardless of how the rest of the countiy votes. That is true because, despite the growing tendency to vote for the man instead of the party, the whole scheme of governmental organization is based on party lines.

When Democrats control the Congress, chairmen of important committees are Democrats. When Republicans are in the White House appointedofficers judges, district attorneys, postmasters, etc. are chosen from the ranks of that party. It should not surprise anybody, although many people seem reluctant to admit it, that the same folks who urge ignoring party lines in voting are most insistent upon adhering strictly to them in job assignments.

There is a vital difference between the really independent voter and the one'who participates in a party nominating primary and then tiyrns to the nominee of another party in the general election. The real independent does not make a choice until all candidates have been nominated. His choice then, under the American way of government, is not among individuals but between parties. In the legislative and executive branches party responsibility is recognized. And the historic record is that government has been better when the same party controlled both branches._

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By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) Vice President Richard M. Nixon and Sen, John F. Kennedy have one common campaign themethat each is the man to lead the country for the next four years.

Neither has had actual experience in the presidency. So the voters will have to guess which might be better at leading the nation.

Nevertheless, listen to what the two men said in their ac-aeptance spechesand they have kept banging away at it ever since.

Kennedy; It is time, in short, for a new generation of leadership-new men to cope with new problems and new opportunities.

Nixon: It will indeed take great leadership to steer us through these years head.

Both candidates stress the importance of decision-making by the next occupant of the White House. Still, neither has ever made, or had to make a national decision. But listen to their acceptance speeches.

Kennedy: I believe the

times demand invention, innovation, imagination, decision. Nixon: Formidable as will be the diplomatic and military problems confronting tiie next president, far more difficult and critical will be the decisions he must make,

Kennedy, a member of Congress since 1946, hasnt been in a position to make any national decisions himself. But there was the possibility that Nixon, as vice president, might have done so.

But President Eisenhower said no to that last week. He said he alone has made the decisions since becoming president. He did say he considered Nixon a trusted adviser.

Asked if he could cite one major Nixon idea he had adopted, Eisenhower said: If you give me a week. I might think of one. I cant remember,

Nixon keeps beating away at one thing Kennedy cant deny although the MassachusetLs .senator might ask: What does it prove? That is that Nixon has had more experience than Kennedy.

The big, orange school buses, loaded with their priceless cargo of youngsters are again on the roads of Pitt and other counties now that the school year has begun.

Between now and next May these buses will travel hundreds of thousands of miles delivering children from their homes to school and back again each day.

Whether this important mission is accomplished this year without a serious accident will depend upon the bus drivers, the youngsters and the other motorists who are also using the highways when the school buses are on their routes.

It is important that every motorist remember that he to stop whenever he approaches a stopped school bus on the highway. It is important that r'rtra caution be taken to watch out for youngsters who may be crossing the highway leaving the buses or getting to their bus stop. It is important that every motorist make a personal effort to see that the highways are kept safe now that thousands of youngsters are traveling daily to and from school.

3oth Claim The Quality To Leac.

By DON SCHLIENZ

This Two-Edaed Swore.

Nixon, as vice president, has worn two hats, presiding over the Senate and sitting in on meetings of the Cabinet and the National Security Council. Also, as a representative of Eisenhower, he has traveled abroad a lot.

On TV last Thursday night, when he was asked to explain the difference between himself and Kennedy, Nixon said there is, first, the difference in our experience.

Friday at Birmingham, Ala., Nixon was at it again. He said the overriding issue iswhich candidate by experience, temperament, and background is best qualified tn keep the peace without surrender,

To offset this, Kennedy has been trying to put across the idea the Nixon-Eisenhower years were a mess.

The leadership Kennedy has asserted since becoming a presidential candidateby trying to get the heavily Democratic Congress to pass legislation promised in the Democraticplatform didnt get very far.

His biggest defeat was on the medical care bill when 19 of his own Democrats teamed up with the Republicans to beat him down.

But the only leadership Nixon asserted since becoming a presidential candidatein trying to get Congress to pass the kind o! medical care bill he wanted also landed on its face.

The Republicans stuck with him but the more numerous Democrats said no.

Quote...

While starting out a.s the radical party in its youth the Republican Party became known a.s the Con.servative Parly. The Democratc Party, originally regarded as conservative has become known as the radical party. A.s meai^ured by .^ome Ameriean.s the radical accusation applies to both modern-day parties althougli not to the .aine degree."McComb (Ml.s.s.> Enterprise.

Its a matter of tradition for parents to try to instill elements of thrift in the makeup of their offspring.

In some instances it can turn out to be a two-edged sword.

For better or worse, the Miss-tus acquired a couple of savings banks (size:small) and began the experiment with contributing some small coins for an initial deposit.

The kids were enthralled.

Their mother followed the age-old formula of reminding that all their loot would come in handy some day when they were married, or went to college, or if their future included some rainy days.

She also promised the boy would be paid each week for helping around the house. . .his sister presumably is bemg paid a similar amount tc keep the peace.

All this was done in my ab

sence; so the dismay was considerable when, on coming home from a hard days work, to be approached by our three-year-old Miss seeking a contribution so's we can get married.

Her brother also demonstrated a hard-headed attitude on money by subsequently insisting SI the housework he was doing involved payment by Pa as well as his mother.

Somehow or other, I sense impending disaster.

Since neither of the young misers are above imposing frequent taxes on coinage in the household, we can go bankrupt contributing to the enthusiastic spirit of savings. On the other hand, by hoarding our few nickels and pennies, the children may abandon what tiie book says is an admirable quality.

Forsooth ... parent - hood has

Its quandaries.

Other Editors Saying Threat Or Promise

(Wilson Times)

The circular To All State Employees Everywhere warning that they are going to lose their jobs if they, do not vote the Democratic ticket in November, is a new low in political strategy, and completely unnecessary. Resorting to this type of politicking has not been felt necessary before.

After a careful investigation we have been told, and from reliable sources, that this is the first time political pressure has been reduced to printed form and sent to Ail State Employees.

The circular shows how those on the state payroll, from the highest to the clerk-typist. will lose their jobs if and when a Republican governor is elected, It is put out by the N. C, State Employees association and the State Highway and Prison employees and signed by the executive secretaries of both.

It Ls only natural to work for your party, the one that employs you. especially if you hold a political job. This has been going on since the beginning of politics and parties. The state employes have been told they were expected to give so much to the party chest and to work for the party. And thla is expected.

Certainly the governor mu.st have a cooperative team. You know Terry Sanford, the governor-elect, must have a working

team, when he goes in' office. And all those now on t . state payroll will not be on it. The incoming governor has always given the plums to his lieutenants, this is only natural. Fm-Mr. Sanford is under obligations to those who helped elect him.

Those now holding office are certainly safer under a Democratic administration. But many changes are in the making, even for the Democrats, there always have been.

But to resort to the circular type tactics to put the fear of the Republicans into the employes Is going further than has been resorted to before. And it was not nece.ssary. This state has had the best government of any state anywhere. There have been few scandals and there is a fine working organization.

Why ruin It by resorting to such questionable! tactics as the circular that has just been sent out? Those who are capable of holding state positions know the score. They can make up their minds and vote without coercion. State employes are not naive, they know on which side their bread is buttered. If they did not they would not be state employes.

'The circular does not give them the credit they deserve. The circular says a Word to the Wise is Sufficient. Were the wise consulted when the circular was distributed?

Its back - to - school time again: a timft. WiDvqlves more people than .jwkvinyolved. and I suspect that those most deeply affected su'e the,boys and girls who graduated from high school this year and are not in a position to go on to college.

For them, today is the ultimate break from the habits and customs of twelve years of school life.

One can easily picture teachers relaxed and refreshed, looking forward to the start of a new term; and the school-age crowd, fmding their last few weeks of vacation becoming a drag and anticipating a change in routine with the start of school.

Parents are also popularly regarded as being happy over the prospect of turning their children over to the schools for a large part of each day.

The smallfry, who have played all summer with the big boys and big girls of the first, second and third grades. . .you can share their dismay at being left home and nobody to play with.

But its left to the grads of 1960, whose formal education ended with the twelfth grade, to face up to finding their niche in a world of adults.

Some of them seem so very young.

Opinions In Brief

Finance Minister of the Congo says his government needs up to ten million dollars in foreign funds to keep it running; otherwise, the new republic may collapse. Now theres one Congolese who deserves sympathy, imagine trying to collect taxes from natives who think they have just won freedom.* Lumberton Robeson-ian.

Several years have passed since coexistence was first proposed, but it apparently didnt turn out to be what the Kremlin had in mind. Gastonia Piedmont.

Two new terms have popped up already in the presidential race-iow road and high road in reference to electioneering tactics. As far as the people are concerned, the only thing that matters is that nobody is railroaded in this campaign. Goshen (Ind.>Nws.

Tuesday, August 30, 19^

.eaves Js No ?eace

By GEORGE E. S0K0L8KY Copyright, IMO. King Features Syndicate. Inc.

It should be clear to anyone by now that the most serious historical and political problem that the United States faces at this time is the Communist Revolution which affects every contiuMit and gives us no peace. Even those who in the 1930s and 1940s felt that the outcry against the peril of the Communist Revolution was exaggerated art BOW beginning to realize that in those days we did not know the half of it. Those who felt that Russia would calm down after a victorious war against Germany today must acknowledge that Russia is now our principal domestic as well as foreign inroblem.

Richard Nixon has wisely opened his campaign for the Presidency by a major report on the perils of ignorance of the subject.* CcMrrectly he stated:

If the Free World is to win this struggle, we must have men and women who not <ily are against Commnnism but who know why they are against and who know what they are going to do about It. Ccnnmunism is a false idea, and the answer to a false idea is truth, not ignwrance.

Unfortunately the understanding of Marxism in this country Is not general. Many Americans *who are anU-Communists abhor Communism, but they do not know why and when one questions them, they generally give the wrong reasons. I recall conversing with two women who regard themselves well infwmed on this subject, but no Marxist would understand what they were talking about. Most of their ideas about Communism related to Utopian Socialism and really what they were most concerned about were their own large bank statements and their social status.

Nixcm shows that he has studr led the subject and understands the nature of the permanent revolution. His last paragraph is a statement of his personal Ideals;

If mankind is to survive at a level of dignity worthy of its great past, we must help the world recapture some sense of the teachings of the great thinkers of f(M-mer ages. It must come again to see that sound legal and political institutions not wily express mans highest ideal of what he may become, but that they are indispensable Instruments for enabling him to realize that Ideal. <

It would be comforting to believe that the forces of hlstwy are working inevitably .toward this realization and that we too are cooperating with the inevitable. . .**

The same problem will face the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association which meets this week. A committee has drawn up a report which while it is not as philosophic as Richard Nixons statement, it is more a study of Communist activities in the United States from the standpoint of a lawyer. It Is a sound report. I was particularly Interested in what this document had to say about Communist lawyers;

A group of Los Angele.s lawyers, who had quit the CP in disillusionment in the latter I940s described their Pauty experiences. Most of them had been recniited Into the CP after the other lawyer members had induced them to attend informal legal discussion groups where they were gradually exposed to Marxist phll(w>hy. When they actually joined the Party, the new recruits were placed In a special lawyers group, whose membership was kept secret. There they received intensive Indoctrination aimed at guiding their thinking along accepted CP-channels. Communist lawyers are not allowed to disagree with Party theory and policies. They either aUde by Party dictates or leave the Party.

This is so because the C(xn-munlst Party is a disciplined organization in which each, members conforms to the Party line and obeys the Partys orders. This is the universal pattern. Even such figures as Tito Broz. Chiang Kai-hek and Earl Browder discovered what it could mean to reject the Implicit orders or the central authority. On this the report says:

The behavior of, defense (Continued on imge five)

^-ar-Reachina Decision Comina

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOl'CI.ASS ERROR AIIEAII(;o .SI.OWLY

We are all lamlliai willi Uie story the roo.ster who l>pcall^e lie crowed every niornmg at the lime the sun ruse, got the idea that it was his crowing wdiich made the sun rise. There are two high-sounding Latin terms describing this variety of mistake; non sequltur, it does not follow, and post hoc ergo propter hoc, after this, therefore on account of this. They are outstanding examples of illogical reasoning.

Let u.s bring this down into the pathways where mast of us walk each day. We are all guilty of indulging In the.se fallacies. I dont like the company he keep.''. Birds of ft feather flock to-

getlier, Yet he or .she may be iJtiinirable people in every re-.spect who jiLst happen to fancy the company of folies who do not stand high in our esteem. Or, He ha.s no religion. He never goes to churcli Certainly church attendance Is ne of the most helpful factors in the living of a good life, but let us never forget that there are some horoughly fine and saintly people who. for one reason or another, have practically nothing to do with the church.

Be slow to judge. Do a little bit of straight thinking before you start laying down the law. What sounds correct today m^y sound pretty silly tomorrow. What may sound lo*?ical now may sound unbelievably illogical when we give it a bit more thought.

By ELMER ROESSNER

The United States Supreme Court wiil be called upon to settle a dispute that will have great eft|^t.s on the practice of gianting advertising allowanc-ei to retail stores.

It nuy liave a far-reaching influence on the enforcement of Federal laws for. If it upholds the Federal Trade CommLs-situ.s philusophy, it may make the spirit, instead of the wurdliig, of Federal laws con-Iroling.

Federal laws clearly state that it is an unfair trade practice for manufacturers to give a discriminatory advertising allowance to a dealer. They also make it illegal for a purchaser to induce a seller to grant a discriminatory price. But they do not touch on the purchasers respon-sibility for inducing a promotional allowance or other benefits other than price. SPIRIT IS RULING However, the PTC hais decided that the spirit of the law does make the purciutMir liable

for lre.se fringe inducements.

The case arose after the Grand Union chain leased a spectacular sign over Times Squai-e, New York, and then induced 2 suppliers to put up $l,0(M) a month for advertising on the sign.

If the suppliers did not offer proportionate allowance.s to other retailers who leased spectac-ular.s, under the law they were guilty of discriminatory allowances clearly forbidden.

But, the FTCft decided in a 4-to-l decision, so was Grand Union guilty.

The law states that It is an unfair practice to grant discriminatory price concessions and to accept them; the law says it is unfair to grant discriminatory advertising allowances therefore under the spirit theoryit is unlawful to accept them, the PTC .said.

The lone objector. Commls-.sioneV Edward T. Tail, said that this spirit theory is a vague standard that legislates ft new

anti-trust prohibition, . .Without requiring any factual showing of probable Injury this ruling. . .applies to a buyers practice, a per se doctrine which Congress, for rea.sons of its own, directed only against a practice on the part of sellers,

All involved have indicated the matter will be taken to the Supreme Court.

If the court accepts the spirit theory of legislation, it will affect nut only the rather small busine.s of advertising allowance, but a considerable part of all Federal legislation.

There are deep Implications to the theory. If the case at issue Is upheld, it may not only constitutionalize the theory into the Federal system, but would seem also to give Federal agencies and courts themselves power to decide what the spirit of any law is.

This implication may be much stronger than it appears on the surface. In the Grand Union cftse, the prevailiug opin

ion, written by Commissioner Robert T. Secrest, says;

The practice charged in this complaint is not specifically prohibited by the (Roblnson-Patnian; Act. . .but it cannot lt)e inferred from this fact that Copgress countenanced a practice which so clearly violates the spirit of the atatute.

There are many who will find that phiit^ophy frightanlng. If government agencies can determine the minds of Congress and the spirit of the laws It passes, all of us may find ourselves in jail (or spiritual disorderly conduct.

ALASKA ADOPTS TAPE RECORDERS IN COURT Alaska will replace court reporters with tape recorders in its courts, thereby gaining a more accurate record and cutting costs of transcriptions. This will not be done In courts of most of the other 49 states because so many political favorites or relatives of Judges havo johi aa court aieooiripMK