PAGE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, OkEENVILLE, N. C.

Tuctdlay, August 23, 1960

Tuesday, August 23, 1960

Oh, There He U-

Right At Home In The Night Skies

Its a thought-provoking experience to stand in the darkness, looking up at a star-filled sky with your eyes pinned to a man-made satellite sailing its pre-de-termincd course through the heavens. ^

There are probably literally millions of people in re<^nt evenings who have looked up at the heavens and watched Echo I gliding among the other stars. Certainly more people have seen this one satellite than any other launched by either the United States or the Soviet Union. We know the others are up there, but for the most part it has been left to the scientists to glimpse them through high-powered iuvstruments.

With Echo I, all you have to do i.** step out at the right time and look in the right direction. There it is, big, bright, wending its way past the familiar constellations. What's more the scientists have provided us with a time-table, complete with directions on wiierr to look skyward and when.

' Somehow Echo 1 looks right at home in the night fky, only a little larger than the other stars, brighter

Problems Before Other Colleoes

By LYNN NISBET

PROBLEM CHILDREN -Thcrp wa-s a time a few years when Pembroke State College and the State teacher traih-ine colleaes for Negrees at Elizabeth City, Fayetteville and Winston-Salem, posed perplexing problems as to continued operations. They still involve problems, but o entirely different nature. The statutory re-ftrictions were removed to permit admission of whites at Pembroke, and the curricula of the teacher training ir.stitu-tions were broadened to include elejrees in other courses. Result has been phenomenal growth in enrollment and service, and prospects of enhanced future service. New blood and imaginative leadership on part of administrators undoubtedly had a lot to do with the progress made.

PEMBROKE Started as a school for Indians with Federal p;d. Pembroke College was advanced to status of a four-year irstitutionstill limited to In-rian.;. and then was openei to white students. Enrollment ot about 150 six or eight years ago has increased to 457. Summer school attendance has

jumped from 31 in 1955 to 300 in 1050, The 17 or 18 buildings s; rated on a 35 acre campus r e valued at $1.2.59.090 on bud-gei books. The big need is for (ormitory room to accommodate students for whom classroom. laboratory and library fa-rlitles are already available The campus admittedly was

overbuilt' in PWA .days and rrxcpt for dormitories and f'me technical equipment, can accommodate 1500. Most of the s udents now commute from

surrounding areassome as far a 40 mile'.

ELIZABETH CITY Eliza-tfh City State Teachers College. like its sister institutions at Fayetteville and Win.'^ton-Salem, retains the Teacher designation its corporate name, although the curriculum retains the Teacher de.sicnation its corporate name, although the curriculum has been broadened to include degrees in other courses. Never a big school enrollment began to decline about a decade ago under impact of the Supreme Court integration decisions and the increase in cut of state tuition.

Student population is up from low of around 300 to .583, with further increase booked for the coming term. Only about 10 per cent are from out of state, compared with 30 per cent a few years ago. The 16 or 17 major buildings are located on a tract of 35 acres in the city limits and valued at $3,470,000 by budget folks in 1958. The college owns 70 acres of farm land a mile or so awaywhich is a problem as to operation. Dr. Walter N. Ridley, w'ho took over the presidency a few weeks ago. says he w-ocld like to get out of the farming, laundry and other business and devote energies to education.

Main items in the $1.520.000 asked for capital improvemtns are a dormitory lor 1.50 men, a student union center and a vocational-technical classroom building. These facilities are essential if the college is to meet

its obligation to the area. Dr. Ridley noted that his college Ls most accessible to a majority of the Negro population in the state, and that more than two-thirds of the student body comes from east of the Roanoke river. Statistics further show that a larger percentage ol Negro high school graduates from that area go on to college than from any other part of the state. Further broadening of the curriculum is indicated for maximum service.

FAYETTEVILLE - Established in 1877, Fayetteville State Teachers College is oldest of the Negro colleges, and antedates all State institutions of higher education except the University at Chapel Hill. It is located' on a 92-acre tract in the city of Fayetteville, with buildings and contents carried on budget books at $3.000,00(1. Enrollment has fluctuated less than at some other colleges, and in recent years has steadily increased. The 1939-60 roster was 643. highest on record, with more than 700 expected next term.

In moving out from the specific function of teacher training, this college went into the field of terminal courses in technological subjects.

The college is asking for $889.000 for new classrooms, laboratory equipment, improvements to dining hall and campus grounds. Dr. Rudolf Jones, in his second year as president, reminded budget folks he was not asking for dormitories. I want to fill the dormitories weve got with students w'ho can read and w'rite before asking for more, he said. He emphasized, too, the priority importance of classroom and laboratory facilities over student unions and playgrounds.

Whether or not the budget folks will approve the requests, some of which have been rejected before, they obviously liked Dr. Jones' attitude on relative importance of needs.

WINSTON-SALEM Winston-Salem Teachers College is the only State-supported institution with no indication in its corporate name of such connection. Situated on a 55-acre tract in the city of Winston-Salem the buildings have a budget value of $4,380,(X)0. Current requests of $530.500 are for renovations and modernization of existing facilities. The budget folks did not respond kindly to report that the college had taken no steps to implement an appropriation of 1959 for a self-liquidating dormitory. Apparently the college hoped the State would pick up the whole check, and therefore had not applied for a Federal loan. The budgeteers made it clear that responsibility for delay and possible failure in getting the loan rested squarely on the college administration.

Emphasis here is divided br-tw'een training elementary school teachens and the nursing school. The college offens a degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing after a full four-year course. Relations with local hospitals for bedside training is excellent, and larger facilities will be available next term wdth opening up of the old city hospital to such purpose.

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perhaps and moving at a perceptible rate. The starts ling thing is the realization that man has put it there and we stand watching it sail its course.

It was slightly less than three years ago that m>tn first bowled into the space age as the Soviets .set their Sputnik I into orbit. Since then many satellites have been set in orbit around the earth, each accorded due attention here and abroad. Man has made in these three years .strides of space progress that astounds even many of the more optimistic of if few' years ago.

Looking up at Echo I, there dawns the realization that it will not be decades, but rather a year or so, maybe only a few months before man wjll be following the path through the star-filled night now being blazed by instruments, monkeys, mice and cats.

There also comes the (juestion of what man will do with his con(|uest of space. Will he use his newfound power and dimension for building or destroying? Will the achievement of new heights prove a stepping stone for greater humanitarian efforts, or will it be the pinnacle from which man hurls himself to destruction?

Should Soon Increase Diploma Requirements

Pitt Countys Board of Education should as soon as possible initiate steps to bring the number of units required for graduation from schools in the county .system up to the 18 recommended by the State Board of Education.

Even before the State Board of Education made its recommendation that high schools of the state require 18 units for graduation, a number of .school systems, including Greenville City Schools had indicated their intention to increase the number of units required for graduation. .

While the state requirement for graduation is 16 units of high school study, Pitt County schools presently require one additional unit, or 17 for graduation.

It is in the interest of the countys school system ar.d the youngsters of Pitt that the school requirements are above rather than below those recommended by the state. In the past Pitt County has gained the reputation for an outstanding school system. The County Board of Education should see that the reputation is not .jeopardized now by reluctance to increase the number of units required for graduation.

Naturally it will take some time lor the Board of Education and school officials to work out details of requiring an additional unit for graduation, and to put the new' system into effect, however, this should be done with all deliberate speed.

When the Count.v Board of Education convenes for its regular monthly meeting in September, we trust the green light will be given to carry out the necessary changes in the school program to increase the graduation requirements to 18 units.

By ALVIN TAYLOR

Has Watched Port Grow

WILMINGTON111 31 years as a member of the Board of Navigation for the Cape Pear River Louis A. Hanson has seen the number of ships coming into the river docks rise from 22 to more than 700 annually.

Hanson, president and owner of Spiritine Chemical Co, here, heads the cwnmission who provides the pilots to take huge ocean going vessels into the

Ports of Wilmington and Southport and occasionally further up the river to Fayetteville.

The Board of Navigation, of which Hanson is now chairman, was formed in 1921 by special act of the State Legislature and Hanson was appointed a member in 1929. The Wilmington native has been chairman for the past 22 years.

Seven full-time pilots work

Other Editors Saying . The Better Way

ixon Walking

in hgg Jractory

N4TUtN4L AUVKKIIHINO KBPRrseNTATIVM rhcmts f CJtrk Co Inc Nr Vm'fc Chicago Atlanta Mnztbo Audit Bureau of CtrcuSatlon

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puMirettoR dala

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By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON AP) Vice Preaident Richard M. Nixon compared with Sen. John F. Kennedy, his Democratic rival for the presidencyis like a man walking in an egg factory.

Kennedy is free to complain about President Eisenhowers leadershipor lack of it and blame the Republican administration for mistakes at home and abroad. Not Nixon, even if he wanted to-As the Republican candidate Nixon cant afford to repudiate either the President or his ad-min.stration or to antagonize Republicans,

Yet his campaign strategy is to try to sell himself rather than the Republican brand of government or even the Eisenhower brand.

How then can he project an image of himself different from Eisenhower and the acts and attilude.s of the Esenhower administration without appearing to ciiilcrci

He Is doing it bit by bit. never-thele.ss, on civil rights, defense .spending, foreign policy, a farm program.

Eisenhower has been criticized for not asserting more leadership in the field of civil righ s, Nixon, without criticizing the President, says that a.s president he would take the initiative and urge his cabinet to do so to find solutions.

.Democrats and others have criticized the record of the Ei.sen-hower administration. Nixon, again avoiding criticism, says the record of the administration is not something to stand on but to build on,

Eisenhower has insisted defense spending was sufficiently high. The Democrats have contended the administration has not been doing enough to keep ahead of the Ru.sslans.

Nixon moved beyond Eisen

howers pasltion by accepting New York Gov, Nelson A. Rockefeller's view that the defense program should be stepped up-

For seven years Elsenhower has backed up Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson, with W'hom a lot of farmers are unhappy. Nixon has avoided any direct criticism of the Sidminis-tratlons farm program.

Yet he has made it clear he doesnt go along with Eisen-howrer and Benson on the farm problem. He says he considers it essential to get away from the rigid positions of the last seven and make a break through the stalemate.

For years Democrats have pounded on Eisenhower for not assuming a far more active personal role in the conduct of foreign affairs, particularly during the lifetime of the late Secretary of State John Foster Dulles.

Probably more than any pre.si-dent in history Elsenhower relied on his secretary of siate-Dulles, that isfor handling foreign policy.

Nixon, very much aware of the criticism against Eisenhower in this field, meets it by saying that if elected he will exercise more direct control than docs Eisenhower.

He said his views do not involve criticism of the Elsenhower administration but that "the situation has changed.

Quote, ..

Intoxicated with unbroken .succe.ss we have become too self-sufficient to feel the nece.s-.slty of redeeming and preserving grace too proud to pray to the God who made up.Abraham Lincoln (1863)

(Richmond News-Leader)

This brief protest summarizes what many Americans have been thinking recently about their free political processes:

Both (party) conventions have demonstrated clearly that the nation must find some other way to nominate its candidates for the presidency. Both spectacles were ridiculous Letter to the editor of NEWSWEEK. August 15.

A public brought up to revere the processes of free government may be excused for asking if there is not some other day meaning a better way. A carnival, after all, is hardly the place to select a presidential candidate.

The question of a better way is not new'. The ridiculous spectacle of the national convention has been periodically deplored, even before television when the chaotic sham and the cynical maneuvering of the conventions were more sensed than observed.

But a hard truth about the convention .system is that it is itself a better way. By the time it had come into being the electoral college system had been proved inadeuqate to accommodate all of the political pressures that enter into the making of party platforms and the selection of candidates. The caucus system had been too narrow to allow room for all of the party maneuvering necessary to bring opposing planks and candidates into harmony for the election.

The presidential primary that followed in the wake of the great political reforms of the first Wilson administration has been an unsatisfactory substitute. Under it the raw politics of bloc manipulation have become rawer, if anything. The people have had no more direct hand in choosing the candidate than

they hail before, and nothing has been added in the w'ay of order or dignity to the selections.

This is not to say that there isnt a better way still, only that a better way has not been found. The difficulty lies in keeping the essential virtues of the convention system while trying to refine and civilize its processes. These virtues lie in the ireedom the unordered freedom, if you willallowed every candidate and every idea for full expression on the platform, on the floor and from the galleries,

There is no political arena quite like it in the world, and if the convention performances seem chaotic and awkward, and noisy and even infantile and disgusting, that is because the forces contesting for preferment are in the stupendous process of being molded into some kind of recognizable and acceptable form.

Where else, just to cite an example or two from the conventions just held, could a Kenncdy-Johnson accommodation be made? Where else could the popularity of a Stevenson find such tremendous expression? Where else could a Barry Goldwater and a Nelson Rockefeller stand smiling beside a Nixon? Where a Hoover or an Eisenhower be free to exert his weight so directly? And to recall an insignificant incident from a disgruntled delegate cast his vote for Joe Smith, and so register this political protest?

The convention system, however it may have been perverted recently, is the most satisfactory kind of heat found yet to produce the amalgam of political substance. And if at times it fails to produce a strong metal, or if it seems to produce even a base product, that is not the system's fault. It Is the strength or weakness within the party that comes through after the accommodations have been made . and all the ingredients have been welded together into a form that is the truest image of the party possible to get.

under the direction of the Board of Navigation. It is their job to see that the big cargo ships make their way safely up the river.

When the pilot takes over the ship he is boss, according to Hanson.

"When he takes a boat up the river he Is responsible for it, the chairman says of the pilot, although the skipper is on the bridge w'ith him.

Pilots are commissioned by the Board of Navigation but they also have to be licensed by the federal government and the state before they qualify for the Job. The pilots grew up on the river and know its every crook and turn, according to the chairman.

Weve got a wonderful Iwnch of fellows, he says of his'men, We never have any trouble.

Tlie state board holds monthly meetings to take up various matters pertaining to navigatltxi of the river. Records of incoming ships are read to the commission at this time.

Last year the pilots handled over 700 ships and this year they are averaging over 60 ships a month. This is a far cry from the 22 ships which came up the Cape Pear during Hansons first year on the board

The pilots handle a great number of oil tankers. Many oil companies have terminals In the vicinity of Wilmington and oil products are brought in by ship

The big tankers run 520 to 600 feet in length and draw 32 feet of water. The largest yet handled on the Cape Pear was a 620 foot tanker with an 89 foot beam and drawing 33 feet of water. Since the channel is 34 feet this is about as large az could be accommodated.

However, even larger tankers are mow being built and Hanson says a move Is underwav to have the Army Corps of Engineers deenen the channel to 36 feet,

Hanson, though born in Wll-mingUm. can claim 17 years ar-mv service dating back to World War I days and eight years in the Coast Guard. He was in charge of the reserve during World War II, He was on active duty with the Coast Guard for three yeans and held the rank of lieutenant commander.

Hanson is in Iwslne.ss with his .son, Richard R. Hanson, who now runs the Spiritine Chemical Co.

Tlie five members of the Board of Navigation are commissioned by the state's governor and must be re-commlssloned every four years. The other (Continued on page five)

Hights'

We All Injoy

By GEORGE E. SOiiOLaKY Copyright* I960, King Feature Syndicate, Inc.

I liave a letter from a cor-rezpondent who writes:

. .The phrase secondary, second rate, persons or citizens Is a Communist phrase and only used by those who consider It useful in attempts to gain privileges as a group. Please explain to m why we need Civil Rights to protect individual Rights that we already have?

The phrase, secondary or second rate persons or citizens is not a Communist phra&e. It is not an anti-Communtst phrase. It is descriptive of a condition, namely, that a person is i citizen by constitutional prerogative but is deprived of some rights or advantages of citizenship by environmental conditions.

The term is not used as my correspondent from Maryland says it is In the quoted sentence. It Ls used decriptively where no other adjectives apply precisely. As to the conflict between the terms Ovil Rights and Individual Rights, my correspondent must know that whereas the Constitution protects the individual in his natural rights as defined by the Amendments to the Constitution, those provisions are implemented by legislation generally referred to as Civil Rights. Often the legislation is of a local character: nevertheless it Is essential. Without such implementation, the provisions in the Constitution would be like the Ten Commandments, broad and noble in their expression but not applicable without legislative provisions, say against murder, burglary and adultery.

My correspondent says further:

. It may seem unfair for an employer to refuse employment to a person because of race, color, or creed, but if we are going to abide by our Constitution. you are denying this individual the very right you propose for some one else. If the Negroe (sic) and Jew are made happy in his pursuit of life, liberty and happiness, are you not denying this employer the same pursuit and protec-tection under law?

Quite true. Every me a law is passed extending and enlarging human rights, it restricts the privileges of those who enjoyed special advantages. This was so. for instance, when monarchies were abolished and republics were established. The monarchs ' ahfrtfte ftobllity lost their advantages and privileges and a larger and different group of people got them. The Na tional Labor Relations Act w'hlch benefited the labor unr Ions, developed a new power I American affairs and lessened the power of great capitalisU and industrialists.

Of course, the individual must enjoy the right to employ anyone he chooses and to reject anyone he chooses. He may not like to employ Negroes or Jews or red-headed typists, But suppose the Negroes and the Jews and all red-headed persons band together and boycott the employer, who exercises his prerogatives. This is a question then as to who suffers mostthe unemployed or the boycotted?

Each is within his rights. The employer who hates .redheaded employees ought not to be forced to employ them, but if the red-headed do not car to buy his products, they cannot be forced to buy them. That is why so many chain stores capitulate to the sit-ins. I fear my correspondent has not thought this problem out. Perhaps ),000.000 human beings are included in her excludable groups; it is a vary large number of consumers.

My correspondent apparently suffers from an inferiority complex. She says:

. . .Discrimination is as natural in this world as night following day or vice versa. I have two Jewish friends who to me are as close and valuable in my affections as my family. We have common Interest, mutual affection, and faith in each other. But take me into their social lives among their other friends and I definitely would become a misfit and I am sure (Continued on page five)

aoan Gains In Electronics Fielc!

Strength For Today

Bv EARL L. DOUGLA.SS GETTING TERMS MIXED-UP People often scoff at Puritanism. This has become a hatred word in recent yeai s. People who insist that self-duscipllne is a necessary factor in life are often called puritanical. In many circles, common decency Ls con-sidereii a puritanical notion. Only recently I heard a man say. Oh. this idea about certain things being right and other things being rong is just a puritanical idea.

One of the greatest mistake* people make i.s liurliiig the tei'm purilaitir^l at p**!*!' wiio ta)e a siioni .siatul a>'auo.t dni.Kihi iwial auuinei' as such people are caheJ a;e u<> ually rofened to a.') brinig put* taihcal in ihpir .stand The itiKh 0 the mallei i.*, ihat the originai Puritans were any

thing but total abstainers. They drank about as much liquor as everybody else in that day did. They abhorred drunkenness, but they did not advise complete abstinence from any kind of alcoholic liquor. The truth of the matter is that they were the

great rum makers of their day and many a Puritan became rich as the result of the rum trade.

What is being said is not an

attempt to justify drinking, But it needs to be pointed out that w'e should refrain from slingihg the word puritanical around, especially if we have not llie

t.iinte.%t ulea what it infant

Puriianism was one of the iciis^wus nwvemeias in World history It had weaKnes e tint it..- good poinl.s and Its uixxl liiflneiicr Mirpasserl evrryihing ill the system that was wrung.

)

By ELMER ROESSNER

The Japanese, in their battle for a large share of the United States electronics market, have succeeded in dividing their adversaries.

The Japanese, as everyone knows, have been making electronic components cheaper than American manufacturers and, some say, making them better.

Last year the Japane.se sent in more than 4,()(M).(hK), transistor radios with three or more transistors, pliLs .500,00(1 tubes. They undersold Aniei ican-made compoaeiiis because their wage rales are from 12 to 16 cents an hour w'hile American rates v,are $2 and more ?n hourand constantly a.sccnding. Some users say that Jipane.se transistors are better made than th American kind.

Four giant American manufacturers of electronic equip-meiil and many .smaller oius appiieiitlv Wuilut^ on ttie old Puhlic'il ihfetJiy that If you

..it I It. k .-1.1 IviU t. ,./ti Ouj*

log Japanese ti aii.'rlstors and oilier componeiii.s lor tlunr own radio.*; and olhei clecliunic equip-meiit.

FIGHTING CHEAPER LMPORTS

However, other manufacturers are resisting Japanese imports. They are led by Ross D. Sira-gusa, Admiral president, and are refusing to use any but American components. His cartoons carry the legend, Made by American craftsmen with guaranteed quality American components RCA and Zenith are using * similar slogans. However, General Electric, Motorola. Emerson, Bulova and others are lusing Japane.se components and therefore cannot boa.st of complete American workman-sliip.

Statistics show how the Japa-nese occupy the market. In the first quarter of this year, imports of electronic devices were almost double in the same period a year ago. and in some categories the rise was even higluu'. Shipments of receiving luln s were up 31t;t per cent .abov( the aine period in l*(".*) and ship-liieius t.f tian?i.lor were 1 0>9 Per cent above the fir.'t three fiiunths of

LOW BI-OW.S ALLEGED

Ml. Siravu'-a ba.s rhmged, in additiuii, that Japanese manu

facturers have slyly obscured the .source of their goods. One company has announced the Americana^ brand of radios; another has adopted the slogan, Acceptance Built on Integrity on a large photo of the Mt. Rush-more monument showing the chiseled head of Washington, Jefferson, Teddy Roosevelt and Lincoln.

He added that Japan has captured 32,5 per cent of the American electronic market, and that tiiLs has resulted in cmislder-able unemployment In Ai/ierican indusUial centers. He dVThand.s that the United Slates limit Japane.se imports.

There are complications. Some American electronic manufacturers want to see a volume of Japanese imports, as a warning to union employee not to demand too much. They like to Im* ill the position of k*-,;p.ting a strike with lo\v-co.M sulvstitiue cuiniionnenls.

There is an even broader ifaaur

Japan \s one of Americas best ni.Htotiieis. It eoiusisleiUlv lui.vs much muie here than It sells.

Restricting Japanese imports simply r^tricts the money the Japanese can earn here. Without sales of transistors--or soy sauce or any other Japanese exports you can think of- Japanese income is cut and purchases here must be reduced. Barring JafSanese transistors might make thousands of new jobs in U.S. plants. At the same time, it would end many more job in industries now selling to Japan freely.

DEPARTMENT STORE SALES UP; GAINS AND LOSSES ARE SMALL

Department store .sale. through the fiist half of the yegr were 3 per cent above the first half of 19.59, according to Federal Reserve flfures.

Pew departments show ed miKih more than average gains, al- ^ though .iilverware , and jewelry wt-re up 7 per (cut*, and caiuird nutetc supplies were up 14 per cent. Luases were few' Writh liitwleuin sales down S per cent which may only show that shop-ixis want the .soft feel pf wool under ihcir feet as they listcu ta 1-1.