PAGE rounme DAILY REFLECTOR* GREENVILLE, N. C

Monday, Auirust 22, I960

Monday, August 22, 1960

Mighty Generous Of Chester

Little Time To Prepare For Impact

The opening of some 760 to 900 construction jobs in the Greenville area during the two-year period while the vast Voice of America facilities are being con-ftructed wdll have an important impact throughout Pitt

* County,

; While many of these construction workers, partic-

* ularly some of the more highly skilled, will have to be brought in from other areas, it is to be expected that a large portion of the construction crew for the

* project will be recruited in this particular area. It is also expected that most of the people in the supervLory staffs, which will total more than 100, will bring their families here to live during the two-vear period while the project is under construction. [

* To a lesser degree, perhaps, the same will be

* tri of the skilled workers who are brought in to work on the project.

It is apparent, therefore, that Greenville and Pitt County should prepare itself to take care of these new

people who will be coming into this area during the

* two-year period in which the project is under construction.

These people will have to be housed, they prob-

* ably will have youngsters who will be enrolled in public schools throughout the county, and they will need the other services and facilities that are necessary to

EachCollegeHas !-Peculiar Needs

By LYNN NISBET

COLLfeOES The State of North Carolina maintains five educational institutions of university statusthe three units of the Consolidated University at Chapel HUl. Raleigh and Oreensbwo; North Carolina O^ge at Durham and A. & T. College at Greensboro sometimes called the Negro univer-aiUes. A brief story about visitation of the Advisory Budget Conunission to these institutions was published here several weeks ago.

The State also maintains seven other accredited four-year degree - granting colleges three for whites, three for Negroes and one tar white and Indian. All are co-educational. and while ratios vary tl^ total enrollment of 11,659 is almost eqiNdly divided between men and women. Men have a slight edge.

The 1958 Budget Book places aggregate value of buildings and contents at these institutions at $45,624,000. Additions made und^ 1959 appropriations and bond issues have not been evaluated, but wUl run the total book value to well above $50 million. Needs presented to the budget group on its recent tour for capital improvements new c(m8truction renovations and major repairs aggregated $19.733300 for the seven campuses.

The total operating budgets for the fiscal year 1960 - 61 amounted to $8,098,000. Increased enrollment and rising costs wiU move this figure up to more than $9 million for each year of the upc<nning biennium. Many problems are common to all in^itutions, but each has peculiar needs requiring individual consideration. These will briefly set out in the following paragraphs.

KAflT CAROLINAEast Carolina CoU^e at Greenville is third largest of the States edu-eational institutions. Overall enrollment of 4,5% is exceeded ily by Chapel Hill and State College units of the Ccmsolidated Universtty. Situated on several adjacent but not adjoining tracts of 206 acres, the buildings had a 19^ budget value of $16,300,-000. New requests amount to $7,835,500.

Major needs are for dormitories, especially for women, and fra* modernization and renovation of cl3ssrooms. Dormitory accommodations for women here, and at all institutions, are more important than for men. Parents and college authorities agrfe that male students can hve off the campus or commute more satisfactorily than women. While the enrollment at East Cartea Is approximately two-thirds men. housing it>blems $ye more acute for the feminine ooe-thlrd.

The growth of this college has been almost phenomenal aince it cpanded the curriculum from its original concept

of teacher training to include majors leading to degrees in numerous other fields. Dr. Leo Jenkins, who assumed the presidency just a few months ago. envisions further expansion of obligations in agriculture, technology and other fields not presently covered.

The freshman class this year will b the biggest in history, and a number of applicants have been turned down for lack of space. Dr. Jenkins said there will be, on present accepted applications, some 2,020 new studentsfreshmen and transfers on the campus this September. Many of these, as well as some of the old students, could not attend college in some other part of the state. An interesting sidelight observation is that 461 men and 267 women students have automobiles registered with the campus control office.

APPALACHIAN Next largest institution ois Appalachian State Teachers College at Boone -only one to retain the Teacher designation in its corporate namewith overall enrollment of 2,860, divided about 50*50 men and women. Buildings valued in 1959 at $10 million are crowded on a compact campus of 35 acres more than 3,000 feet above sea level. New buildings authorized by the last Legislature and requested in the new application for $4,941.300 will be located in perimeter areas. Major items are dormitories for 500 women, enlargement of student center and cafeteria facilities, and renovation of classrooms and recreational services. All dormitory residents are required to buy cafeteria meal tickets.

WESTERN CAROLINA Presently the smallest of the four-year colleges for white, but with ambitions to narrow the margin, is Western Carolina College at CuUowhee. The overall enrollment of 1649 last year is more than double that of ten years ago. The 50-acre campus with buildings valued two years ago at $7,224,000 has already been expanded by purchase of additional landand more land is needed for indicated growth. The immediate needs requested of the budget group are for dormitories for women, housing for married students, additions to the student union, a combination auditorium and music building, plus renovations to other facilities, totaling $3.426,-500.

Like East Carolina and Appalachian, and perhaps with more logic, Western Carolina bases appeal on grounds tiiat it serves a large area of the state for higher educational oppor-tunltiw not otherwise available to young men and wqmen. For that reason the appeal has economic, social and sentimental basis. What the budget group and the General Assembly must determine is how far tiic State can go in meeting the need,.

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normal, pleasant living conditions in any community.

According to the present schedule for construction of the transmitter and receiving facilities, the construction jobs will begin opening up in January, and by May the full supervisory staffs will be in this area. By next July the number of common laborers employed on the projects is estimated at 450, and the number of skilled workmen also employed is estimated at 200. These figures are expected to remain stable until the first of 1962 when the number of skilled workmen is increased to a total of 350. That level of employment some over 900 people-^is expected to continue until early 1963 when the project is completed.

At no time in the past has Pitt County faced a situation where so many construction jobs on one project were required in its midst. Neither has it been faced with the expected influx of so many new people at one time to fill a portion of these jobs. A good many adjustments probably will have to be made to take care of the needs of these people, and the more of the needs that can be anticipatd and providd for before the influx begins, the better it will be.

From the economic standpoint, the project will obviouvsly have a terrific impact upon Greenville and all of Pitt County. In spite of the fact that many skilled workmen will have to be brought in for specialized jobs, many of these jobs may be filled by people already in this area. So far as the estimated force of 450 common laborers is concerned, most of these probably can be drawn from the labor pool that already exists here.

It should mean steady employment for at least a two-year period for many residents of this area who now have only seasonal jobs. If that is the case, it will likewise mean year-round income during the period for many families whose income now depends upon seasonal jobs.

Greenville and Pitt County have only a few months to plan for the situation before major construction begins in January. It is important that careful consideration be given not only to the economic boost that will be provided the county by the project, but also to the problems which may be expected to arise with the influx of a considerable number of new residents.

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

Sold To Hiahest

r

7he Corporate

Are Of::

?roiits

By RALPH ROBEY

In the first quarter of thia year business profits before taxes on an annual rate were 48.8 billion. That is an enormous figure, but it must be remembered that just about one half of it has to be paid to the federal government in taxes. Also, it should be recalled that in making up the federal budget it was estimated that corporate income before taxes this year would be 51 billion.

As yet we do not have even a preliminary official estimate for profits for the second quarter. Enough corporation reports have been published, however, to make it clear that there has been a decline from the volume of the first quarter.

Among the various private organizations which follow business profits with great care is the First National City Bank of New York, In the August economic bulletin of this bank a tabulation by industries is given fw 721 non financial corporations. This Is a large enough group to be taken as representative for corporations as a whole. The tabulation shows that for the entire group profits in the second quarter were 3 percent below those for the first three months of the year. It also shows that they were 12 percent below the second quarter of 1959. This latter figure is not too important because, in anticipation of the steel strike, profits were high in the second quarter of last year.

There is a wide variation in the profit record as between various industries. As would be expected the greatest decline is in the iron and steel industry29 percent. This is closely followed by a 23 percent decline for railroad earnings. Both of these are comparisons between the first half of 1960 with the same period for 1959. On the same basis the most favorable showing was by service and amusement companies13 percentfollowed by

the telephone and telegraph Industry which recorded a 9 percent increase, and then the utility industry by a 7 percent improvement. For the manufacturing group as a whole, which covers the reports of 533 companies, profits declined 6 percent from the first half of 1959.

The explanation of this general drop of profits varies from industry to industry, and actually from company to cominy, In the case of the iron and steel industry, for example, Uiere has been a marked drying up of demand. The automobile Industry profits have been hurt by compact cars taking a large diare of the market. Railroads have been unable to get the volume of freight they need for a reasonable profit level. Home appliance manufactcrers have found it

necessary to make concessions to hold volume, and the reduced level of construction has hindered the profit figures in that industry.

Among the faators which have influenced pretty much aU companies are intense competition, an inability to raise

because buyers will not pay

more, and a constantly rising cost of production.

What of the future? Will profits continue to decline or may we look for at least a moderate upswing?

The over-all answer is that, cnless we go into a recession, profits will improve, and there is at iH-esent no evidence to Sion. The amount of the im

provement 'Of profits necessarily will vary from industry to industry. depending in a large measure upon the ability of management to keep its costs in line tiie volume of l^siness that can be done. But we shall not reach the $51 billion pretax figure for the year as a whole. That could be done only by the development of a boom, and we are not going to have a boom this year.

The 1960 national conventions cost the television and radio networks and stations between $15,000,000 and $20,000,000. It is estimated that about two-thirds of this amount will be covered by sponsored advertising.

More than 5,000 newspaper reporters, apart from the 350 radio and television reporters, attended these conventions. The cost of this coverage is much too high for what it is worth. The convention is no longer free to control its own time. Each of the national committees receives a huge contribution from the city where it is held. This fund is made up by contributions from hotels, merchants and others who benefit by the large influx of visitors to a city. Competitive bidding Is a factor in determining which city is to get a convention. It is part of the deal that the convention will last a minimum number of days.

For this reason some of the

time is taken up with useless oratory singing, and other matters which are a waste of time and money. Many hours could have been saved in both conventions if a few of the orators were omitted, considering what they said. As for the music, some of it was fairly good, but I was listening on television; in the convention hall, little of it is ever heard.

The conventions and the campaigns cost too much and take too much time. In no other country on Earth does a campaign continue for three months from convention to election and that does not include the primaries. The cost this year may mount as high as $30,000,000 which tiie two parties will have to find. This does not include what the candidates and their families may spend and what ancillary groups may spend. There will, for instance, be no accounting for what Walter Reuthers United Auto Workers Union will

Other Editors Saying. Costly For Taxpayers

(The Raleigh Times)

It seems definite now that the people ' of North Carolina, through their Greater University, are running an employment agency for college presidents. Only yesterday. Chancellor Gordon Blackwell of the Universitys Womans College resigned that post to become president of Florida State University. And, just weeks ago Dr. Dean Colvard, dean of agriculture at State College, left to become president of Mississippi State University.

It is very flattering to have other states beating a path to our UnivCTsity in search of presidents for their universities. It is recognized that university trustees hunt out the best men they can find.

But, flattering as it is to be a ground for the presidents of universities in other states, it also is so very costly to North Carolina. When these young educators move to other states, they take their talents with them, and the people of North Carolina lose the many things they could have gotten by keeping those talents at home.

And, it is expensive to train a young educator. When he goes to another state, the state which helped pay for that training loses by the transfer.

Dr. Blackwell was one of the four top young men in the Greater University, the others being President William C. Fri

day and Chancellors John Caldwell at State and William Aycock at Carolina. Those four young men were leading the revitalization of the University, were charting its path through these difficult days of heavy demands on it.

Th University will find someone to take Dr. Blackwells place at the Womans College, and the someone wl be a man of great talent and great promise. The Universitys reputation is such that it can secure such a man.

But. the University's major problem is not. so much in securing young men of talent and promise, it is in holding them. The people of this state must give the University all the help it needs in holding them.

The time to give that answer is during the 1961 legislature. One of the chief reasons these young men leave North Carolina is that they are offered a great deal more salary in other positions. Salary is not the only consideration, but a man with a family to raise has to think seriously when he is offered a new job with a raise of several thousand dollars a year.

The last legislature provided to some extent for better pay for top men,in the University system. The next legislature should do more along that line. It Ls cheaper to pay good men enough to keep them than it is to seek out other men and training themonly to lose them, too.

spend or what Jimmy Hoffa's International Brotherhood of Teamsters Union will spend. There will be other organizations on both sides that will add to the expenditures for this election. some accountable, some not accountable for what they do As a matter of good government and justice, every cent spent by anyone for any reason for a Presidential or other candidate ought to be recorded in a sworn statement. It should be a felony for a candidate to receive unrecorded financial assistance.

Shall we reach the day when the Presidency of the United States will be sold to the highest bidder?

If the campaign were limited to one month, it would make more sense. With television available to the entire nation, it makes little sense for the candidate to visit 50 states. He can say what he has to. say in a 30-day period and can be televised at all hours of the day and night without all the unnecessary chasing over the place. The whlstle-stop, speech-making was invented when there was no oth* way to let the people see a candidate. Today, everyone can see television or listen to radio and know as much about a candidate as it is necessary to know.

Of course, the candidates would have to compete with Wagon Train and Peter

Gunn but that might force

them to write their Own speeches and say wl^t. they mean. The ghost writer has become a pest and a nuisance, particularly those who regard themselves as great statement when what

they really are at most are grammarians.

As for money, why not limit-expenditures for each candi

date, from all sources, to $1,-000,000? There ought to be no exceptions to reporting and the candidate himself should be held responsible for the total expenditure, failure to remain within limits being a felony. Television time should be free, a recognition by the networks and stations that their licenso is not for nothing.

In Great Britain there are limitations both as to campaign time and expenditure. There each candidates manager is made responsible for obeying the law. And It works.

It could be made to work in the United States. The country would get used to a short campaign and take It more seriously. Our people would respect a candidate more if he spent less money to get elected. After all, a Presidency that costs so much to get can become very very cheap.

1 ney

Want

Cuba

By ROGER BABSON

BABSON PARK, Mass., Theie are several volcanoes* throughout the world which may explode at any time. My travels to Berlin last year taught me that the situation there could be the most serious. The one nearest home, however, is Cuba. Both Mr. Nixon and Mr. Kennedy jshouid visit Cuba at once.

CUBA A CLOSE NEIGHBOR

While I am at Babson Park, Florida, during the winter, the the Webber College students often fly over to Havana as a part of their vacations. Cuba has seemed only a stones throw from any portion of Florida. Cuba is a vital factor for good or evilto the Florida East Coast, with its fifty great hotels extending north and south from Miami. I am not afraid of Floridas importing any Communism from Cuba, as the Florida people are very conservative. I seriously fear, however, that Russia may get a foothold in Cuba.

Could we afford to let Russia get a base in Cuba for submarines and launching pads for missiles, or, on the other hand, could we now afford to go to war with Russia to prevent such gradual occupation? I leave this to Richard Nixon and John Kennedy to decide after their visit to Havana. I

further advise them to consult with Governor Nelson Rockefeller, who is one of our best-posted men on Latin America. CUBA AND LATIN AMERICA

I have visited all the countries of Central and South America. Not only are many of these people ruled by dictators, but they are very sensitive,

like most Spanish people. At

heart, they would like to have us keep Russia out of Cuba and even straighten out affairs in Cuba. Some of these Latin American dictators, however, might resent such an attitude on the part of the United States and make us appear more enemies than friends.

We now hear much about the Monroe Doctrine, which was announced to the world over a hundred years ago by President Monroenamely, that we would not allow any European nation to get a new foothold in any Latin American country. I believe that the American people would stand for a reassertion of this Monroe Doctrine, but I wish the Latin American countries would ask us to do so. The entire

situation is very ticklish. It should be one of the first things for the presidential candidates to consider seriously. The November election may turn upon Cuba. I speak with authority because I was an early supporter of the Pan American Union.

U. S. CUBAN INVESTMENTS

Considerable U.S. money is invested In Cub^.' This include* certain raway and traction .properties, the Cuban telephone company, and many mercantile businesses. Several thousand American families have been living in Cuba, depending upon the protection offered by its closeness to the United States. Many of these families, directly or indirectly, contributed to Fidel Castro in his revolution against Batista. Now the women and children are fast leaving Cuba, and the men are undecided what to do. Much depends upon the health of Fidel Castro and what will be the real attitude of his brother In case the brother becomes Prime Minister. This can only be ascertained by waiting and watching.

The largest American investments are in the sugar lands, which, of necessity, must be operate either by large corporations or by tbe Cuban Government. It would be sheer nonsense to divide up these lands among small Cuban holders. flieUir President Eli^n-hower is handling this sugar situation properly by retaliation, I do not know. Such an action greatly helps the sugar producing companies outside of Cuba, as well as our own beet-sugar companies. One of the largest amounts of Cuban sugar lands owned by U.S. investOTS is that held by the United Fruit Company, which has 90,-000 stockholders in tha United Slates. The stock of the United Fruit Company which I believe to be good is selling (Continued on page five)

Better Incentives In Production

B.v ELMER ROESSNER

Money may sometimes be the least effective incentive in programs to increase production, Harold P. Rothe, personnel manager of Fairbanks Morse, says in the current issue of Supervisor Managefent, a magazine published by the sue of Supervisor Management, tion.

Mr, Rothe b not pioneering In viigin forests. The idea that people react better to things other than money b not new. There have been many earlier researches on thb subject. Small businessmen have found that a few words of prabe or a pat on the back will make a salesman out of a clerk. Several large premium companies are flourishing in the assumption that a $15 toaster is a greater incentive to an employeeor a customerthan $15 in ca.'sh.

If thb axiom holds true in the tradiqg stamp field. It is equally valid on the production line

Nevertheless, Mr. Rothcr

does contribute an idea and that b that ill raising productivity, the employer b really trying to change employeess behavior, that b, that he b inducing a habit, a habit of producing at a faster rate or at a higher quality.

Tills la an educational, rather than an inspirational proceib.

The effectiveness of the incentive, therefore, depends on how far it induces employee to learn a desired new habit, he wrote.

To promote learning, incentives must meet certain re-quiiements, he said. Learning proceeds faster, more accurately, more effectively, he held, where there are adequate incentives. He said the learner b so motivated when;

1- He needs something he can gain by learning.

2. The Incentive is appropriate to the motive. <Hc cited the case of an incentive system in an English factory. Young glrb were originally paid on a day rate for threading needles for older giris. When a piece-rate

system was installed, production dropped. But when glrb were sent home when they reached a quota, production jumped. Money meant nothing, because parents took over earn Ings, but time off belonged to the girb.)

OTHER CRITERIA

3. Tne learner intends to learn. "The teacher should enforce thb intention by keeping him Informed of hb progress.

4. The rewards Invariably follow the successful completion of the task, while failure b certain not to be rewarded,

5. The reward follows the successful completion of the task immediately; Though thb is often impractical, the sooner it b done, the better.

Mr. Rothe's last two points have been underscored by previous researches. When an em-* ployee b given an aw'ard, either in cash or token, for something done long past, he b little impressed, even if a substantial gift b Involved.

On the other hand, a smalk er, tangible recognitioa

immediately produces an immediate and enthusiastic reaction. In other words, $100 for the best idea of tbe kali year get,9 slower reactions than< $2 paid on the spot for each useful sugge.stiou. And when that $2 is tianslated into terms of consumer products, such as.a knife or silver bottle-opener, reactions may be even better.

CABIN CRAFT RENTED FOR VACATIONS AT SEA

Next summer you may take your vacation on a cabin craft that rents for $250 a week, regardless of the number aboard.

Summer cabin-craft rental have been introduced by American Yachting Systems, Inc., (Roslyn, N.Y.). The craft is fully equipped. Many have been rented thb year; more will be rented for trips to Bermuda and Puerto Rico thb fall. Next summer considerably more will be available. The company makes boats solely for leasing. Bv 1961. it expects to have $200 steel ratt oa Um gaUl mar-\n