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PAGE rOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, H. C

Thursday August 18, 1960

Thursday, August 18, 1960

The Fence*

A Deterrent For Demo Defectors

If there were a carefully laid plan for the Southern wing of the Democratic party to capture the balance of power by witholding its electorial wotes from the Democratic nominee, that plan has now apparently been exploded.

In the case of North Carolina, there was at the outset no serious thought that North Carolina would join such a move by naming unpledged electors. Those in control of the Democratic parly macliinery of the state already have shown themselves solidly behind the nationai Democratic ticket.

This week at a reconvened state convention in South Carolina, the Democrats of that .state voted to adhere to the party nominee^ by approving electors pledged to the Kennedy-Johnson ticket. Almost simultaneously in Mississippi party leaders were overruled at a similar gathering and a slate of unpledged electors was elected to cast Mississippis electorial votes as they see fit in January.

With such a diffcretice of oi)inion among Southern states as represented by these three cases, there appars little possibility that an effective bloc of holdout independent electors will be created between now and November. For such a bloc to be effective, certainly an almost solid bloc of the Southern stales would

Good Record Of

litaiion

By LYNN NISBET

CORRECTION The State Board of Correction and Training operates six schools for youthful delinquents between the ages of 10 and 18with 16 maximum age for admission and the average running around 14 years. The schools have rated capacity of 1300, but present occupancy is 1371-554 Negro boys. 220 white girls and 124 Negro girls- Total operating cost is around $4,500,000 a year. Most of the "pupils are committed by domestic relations and Juvenile courts, although a few come from superior courts. Average stay is about 14 months, and aome 10 to 15 per cent of thosa released come back.

Some of the others wind up in adult jails, but there are heartwarming records of rehabilitated boys and girls going on to successful business and professional careers. Each of the schools has extensive farming operations, numerous other vocational training courses and a year-round school with State approved curriculum. Pupils go to school half a day and work the other half. Because of the 12-month arrangement the school teacher salaries are included in the institutional budgets rather than In the county public school system.

Buildings generally are in fair condition, but aggregate requests for renovation and new construction presented to the Advisory Budget Commission amounted to Just under $2.- ^ 000.000. Judge Gordon Gentry of the Guilford domestic relations court and a staunch believer in the correctional schools, observed that there is need for these additional facilities, but remind^ cd that the worth of the institution depends more on the pro-grasi than on buildings-

Here is a summariiscd breakdown of the institutions:

JACKSONOldest and largest In rated capacity Is the Stonewall Jackson Training School. Located on a 984-tract Just cast of Concord, the school was built for 300 white boys and now has 325. The boys do all the work on an 800-acre farm, including the dairying, canning and related activities. The school has an excellent print-shop and a self-contained cotton mill, which uses five to six bales of cotton a year.

The boys prepare the land, plant and cultivate the crop, pick the cotton < which is taken away for ginning), put it through the spinning and weaving process, then cut the cloth and sew it into garments which they wear.

A new academic and vocational school building is the major item in the request for $487,000 capital improvements;. The rest is mostly for renovation of farm buildings.

EASTERN CAROLINA- The other school for white boys is Eastern Carolina, situated on 675 acres near Rocky Mount with a current overload of 148

mSim.

pupils. This school has a good outdoor swimming pool, which has proven so helpful in the rehabilitation recreation program all the other units are asking for similar facilities. Principal items in the 5^^518.000 improvements request are renovation of two cottages, construction of another and an infirmary, and repairs to w'ater lines and farm buildings.

MORRISONLocated on a 761 acre tract near Hoffman in the infertile sandhills section of Richmond county, this unit has a rated capacity of 285 Negro boysand a current population of 356. Principal need is for two additional cottages, swimming pool, and modernization of utilities. Total requested. $296,600. Real need at all the units is for "security quarters for recalcitrant pupils. No locks are on buildings or grounds, and occasional need arises for confining a few of the youngsters.

LEONARD Newest unit in system is the Leonard School for 200 Negro boys, mostly under 14. Those over 14 are at Morrison. Opened less than a >ear ago in the completely converted and remodeled former Negro building of McCain TB sanatorium, with a nearby 100-acre truck farm, this unit asked only for a swimming pool in the amount of $60,000. Policy is to have separate cottages of around 25 capacity, but the big building at Leonard is so arranged that 200 can be housed under one roof in separated sections of 25 to 50.

SAMARCAND The State Home and Industrial School for White Girls is situated on a 430 acre tract near Eagle Springs. Originally housed in Samarcand Manor, an abandoned private school, the 'place retains that name although the old manor has been replaced with a modern administration building. Rated capacity of the cottages is but population has gone as high as 232, and average for several months past was 220. The average Iw of pupils here is 90, compared with 70 at Morrison and a system wide count of 8U An additional cottage and a swimming pool account for most of the $172,500 in improvements asked.

DOBBS FARM ~ Smallest of the units is the State Training School for Negro Girls, located on the 342-acre Dobbs Farm <the old womens prison colony) near Kinston. Present population is 124, with facilities for a total 135 in the making, A new cottage for 25 t bringing capacity up to 160) and enlargement of the school building are major items in the $429,000 improvements requests. Renovation of existing cottages and housing for the staff, plus the swnnming pool, make up most of the balance. Proven need for security quarter here was taken care of by budget coni-mlRsion adjustment in plans for a cottage under construction

havfe to participate in the move. Obviously now, the South will not hold out in a solid bloc.

The fact that Democratic organizations in North Carolina and South Carolina have indicated their support of the national ticket will serve as a deterrent to other states which may still be considering unin-structed party electors. Because of this, other states that have been considering independent electors may decide to go along with electors pledged to the national ticket. ^

Beyond this, however, there is the matter of obvious mi.sgivings among Democratic voter.s of the South with the natiojial ticket of the party. With the indc-peifdent elector movement pretty much removed as a threat, the problem focuses on the voter? of the individual states. Will they support the Democratic nominees, or will they swing to the Republican ticket?

The threat to the Democratic ticket in the South this year is perhaps more serious than even in 1948 when there was a Dixiecrat ticket to split Southern votes from the Democratic ticket. Throughout the South this year there will be a genuine test of the strength of the Democratic organization to hold the votes of the respective states for the national party ticket. The party cannot rely on past sweeping victories to automatically deliver the Southern votes again this year. The November election, which on most occasions in the pa.rt has been merely perfunctory will be a rest test in I960.

Another Straw In The Wind Suggests Rift

Another straw in the wind suggests the deterioration of relationships between Soviet Russia and Communist China may be progressing more rapidly than the West had imagined.

The exodus of Soviet technical experts from Red-China in recent days has not been confirmed although officials comments say merely that the experts have completed their assignments and are returning to the Soviet Union.

With competition growing between Red China and the Soviet Union for the top place in the Communist world, there is the possibility that the Red Chinese are anxious to get the Moscow agents out of key positions in their regime as rapidly as possible. It is not unlikely that no new Soviet experts will replace those now leaving Red China. Neither is it unlikely that the removal of the Soviets from Red China was brought about by the Chinese rather than by the Soviets.

Over a period of months there have been increasing signs that Mao was unwilling to continue indefinitely playing second fiddle to Premier Khrushchev. There have been numerous instances in which the w'ords and actions of Red Chinese leaders did not follow the party line laid dowm in Moscow; and some of these even went so far as to accuse those in charge of the Kremlin from departing from the genuine communist doctrine.

The removal of a large number of Soviets from Red China^suggests a -growing distrust between leaders of th two major communist powers. While this feeling of distrust has been veiled in the past, perhaps the time is growing near when an open controversy will develop between these two. JPerhaps Red China now feels it has sufficient strength and prestige to make demands of its ownupon the world as Well as its Soviet allywithout first clearing the matter through the Kremlin.

If such js the case, Iherc will be in the making a new period of increased international tension, not jn.st between Red China and the Soviet Union, but betw'een Red China and the free world.

Cautious Move In Medical BiL

OUtiNTO ? HOW MUCH

you CELVe FOR THee^ LOOT, KEEKy,

?

Ideals,

Symbol

By DON SCHLIENZ

Shoulders To The Fore

Let it be aid I am now & wide shoulder enthusiast. Not the kind for leaning on, weeping on, nor the padded sports coat kind, nor yet physical culture addict type. . .but the highway kind.

Henceforth when travelling these eyes wiU not only a4mire orderly centerlines on the pavement, the neat traffic signs, the rear bumper on the car in front ol me. . .but also the grassed and level shoulders of the highway.

This spirit of admiration isnt mine alone. A neighbor hares

it.

I was telling him about rounding modest curve on the other side of Vanceboro and coming face to face with two damp trucks racing along side by side, one apparently trying to pass the other.

There was just one place to go, and I hit the grassy shoulder hoping there were no deep ruts or obstructions that would spoil my day.

This neighbor then told me he too had jiust recently rounded a curve to be faced by iw'o oncoming cai's. .^-.and he was thankful

for the smooth and well-packed shoulder on his side of the road.

Then, later, another acquaintance has similar tale to tell.

One of the primary things a motorist Is presumed to know is that it isnt safe to try passing on approaching a curve.

Glad I am that highway builders leave, whenever possible, smooth and firm shoulders for use to avoid occasional knuckleheads.

Thanks, gents.

baby of the household pulled in a pair of diminutive fish (he loved them).

Then showers again intervened.

The outing was further curtailed by an upset tummy, and all of a sudden it seemed nothing could be so comforting as good old Greenville ... so home we cama.

The little fish were accorded a proper burial.

After weeks of confiding personal worries to the world at large about the result of our familys younger edition going fishing, it seems only proper tp report he caught his first fish. His iniUatton was brief.

There was a matter of waiting for "tides in; and then the start was 4played further by a shower.

For at least thirty minutes we fed some Uttle fish, making them bigger (they were robbing our hooks at a fearful rate); then smaller hooks were thrown into action. In minutes he pulled in three fish that would make good bait for his Pappy. Even the

Other E(ditors Saying . Like GOP North?

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (API Since this is the foot*in-the-door period of American history, that may be the kind of medical caxe program for the aged Congress will produce In 1960.

In time of national crisis, urgency and emergency, you can look to Congress for fast, drastic and far-reaching legislation. When tir country is prosperous, as it is now, and pressures are mild, Congress gets cautious and conservative.

It limits itself pretty much to foot-in-the-door legislation which, while it may set out down a new road, wont be extreme. What it doe* is open the door fop more extensive legislation later, usually bit by bit.

Congressional action under crisis and pressure was demonstrated In the New Deal days of the 1930s when the country was stopped dead by depression and Congress passed the social security law, the 40-hour week, the Wagner labor act.

Under the stimulus of the Supreme Courts 1954 decision outlawing public school segregation. Congre.s in 1957 pass the first civil rights act of the 20th century.

This wa.s a comparatively mild piece of legislation which, while it angered white Southerners, left Negroes and northern liberals displeased because it didnt go further.

This was the typical foot-in-the door type of legi.slation when theie was no national emergency. itcwas hardly more than i beginning. But. it opened the door for more action Later.

This year Congress passed another civil rights act. still rather mijd and limited. No doubt It will be followed in the .vetrs ahead by more civil rights legislation. each piece opening the floor a little further.

For. sevt*i*al yeais the idea of pro\iding .wme Kmd of ineuical care for the 16 million people over 65 has been growing in the national con.wlou.sness and In

It was taken two iiiaiu dutc-tioiis:

1. Provide medical cate for

most people over B-Ssince most retii'ed people's income is a lot less than when they workedwith the program paid for by a slight boost in the social security tax. This would mean a broad health insurance program for older people.

2. Provide a much narrower program by letting the states set up their own individual plans, with the federal government chipping inthrough grantsto help pay the cost. This is the mild approach and would cover far fewer people than those who would be affected under No. i.

Last June the House passed the No. 2 kind of bill, estimated to benefit perhaps 500,000 to one million people a year. Then it was up to the Senate to act. But in between times came the political conventions.

The Democratic platform called for the No. 1 kind of program. with most older people , entitled on a wide scale to health insurance paid for in their work-ing years through the added social security tax.

The Republican platform was extremely vague but can be listed under the No. 2 type of program: federal grants to

states which w'ould set up their own programs. They probably would vary from state to state.

Although the Democratic candidatesSen. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnsonbacked the kind of program promised in their parly platform, they soon ran into a bottleneck.

The Senate Finance Committee cleared for action by the full Senate a medical cart program which fell far short of the Dtmo-cratic platform promise. Its bill was similar to the one passed by (he House in June.

There will be a fight on the medical care program before tfiLs .^e.vion of ronoreC! ends, Krhap.s the Kennedv-Johii'on forces will win More likely the result will be a mild, limited compromise.

Blit once .such a program l.s pa.s,scd it brcoiiH'.s a foot in tlie door fur ioatr legioiatiou Uler, 1 only a bit at a time.

(Goldsboro Newf-Argus)

A glory of the United States Is and has been its stable, competitive two-party system.

Within the ranks of the Democrats there is a variety of groups each with its own particular brand, ideas, or emphasis. Within the Republican, party there is an equal diversity and divergence.

But the strength of the nation has been that the two parties were of such great central theme that the differences, divergencies and minds could be accommodated w'ithin the parties.

We were interested at a Rotary meeting in Monroe when those of us at one end of the table started talking politics. The Republican convention was about ready to open. Nelson Rockefeller again was stirring up the Republicans with his insistence upon a more liberal line.

"He is no Republican; he Is a Democrat, said one man had lived away from North Cairo-lina for years.

More recently Richard Nixon has been moving in the direction of the liberal Democrats. He knows his politics. There are In the nation an estimated seven to eight million more registered Democrats than there are Republicans. Another large bloc is

independent and votes for the man and the principles he espouses. Nixon is playing for this segment. Note what a large part of the progressive (for Republicans I program of Rockefeller he finally espoused. Note also how he got the Republican platform to espouse programs which the old liners and mossbacks found anathema.

A Durham native lived a long time in New Jersey. He was discussing party labels. He observed that the Jersey Republican was pretty much the North Carolina Democrat.

The native Tar Heel particularized. In that part of the world the Republican is the conservative. He believes in personal freedom, equal opportunity under the law. He Is unhappy with the welfare state and the increasing trend of government to assume functions which once were completely the function of the Individual himself.

The majority of Southern Democrats support the same sort of government principles. In one phase they are even more insistent on states rights and personal rights. Many a Southerner who has migrated to the North has found that he is more at home in the Republican party than in the big city Democratic groups.

Maybe I'm not cut out to be a satelliteseer.

Pour times the writer was ventured out to crane his neck skyward and had nothing to show for it.

This morning I was greeted by two who jHiluted me with the "I saw it last night routine. One saw it on both passes.

Nigh^iJjefotfi.lasL there was a haze in the sky during the early part of the evening. On the second passage my attention was distracted by a who-dun-if on the home screen. Last nights intentions were frustrated by being late on both attempts.

Trouble Is, that Echo satellite is so punctual. , .and once it rises over the horizon it wastes no time in reaching the other side.

(Well, at l.I.OOO miles per hour. . .what can one expect?)

Quote...

"Capital punishment Is when the government taxes you to get capital in order to go into business m competition with you, and then taxes the profits on your business in order to pay its losses. Jasper (Tenn.) Journal.

By GEORGE . SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1960, King Features byndicatc, Inc.

It may be corny, but a flag exists as a symbol of the nation. Similarly, the National Anthem of any country is sung as a marx *of respect. When a large, public gathering is assembled for whatever purpose, the flag should be presentas la symbol of national unity. I I was told a story recently which I do not know to be true; therefore I omit names and places. It concerns an American composer who was conducting an orchestra at rehearsal. He was apparently disturbed by a carpenter putting a flag in position. Angrily he turned to the carpenter and said: "Take that thing away or I wont play.

The carpenter walked to the podium and told the great composer: "I dont give a damn whether you play or not. but if you call that flag a thing, Ill lay you flat.

It would have been a frontpage story If the carpenter had laid the conductor flat. Perhaps we might have played Berliozs Requiem in his memory. The significance of my tale is not whether it is true, which 1 do not know, but that it is in the gossip as an example of the resentment that lack of patriotism and internationalism is arousing in circles which once were sympathetic to the "One' World idea. There are so many worlds today, that even the heavy financial supporters of anti-patriotism are turning to faith in and respect for their country.

Some of us who go to concerts have been asking why the National Anthem does not t^n performances in this country as It does in most others. 'Various replies are given. One is that "The Star-Spangled Banner is such unmusical music. Is it less musical than "God Save the Queen which is our "Amer-icaJ? Yet Sir Thomas Beecham opens concerts with "God Save the Queen and I even listened to him conduct "The Stau*-Spangl-ed Banner at Carnegie Hall,

Up at Tanglewood, it was explained to me that it might offend some if the National Anthem were played. My answer to that was utterly and completely vulgar. The offended ones could, of course, stay away. In fact, they should be asked to stay away.

I am usually opposed to laws regulating taste but we need to consolidate the nation behind ideals and symbols. We are neither an imperialistic nor an international society-we are a nation. Our young people need to be made conscious of our nationalism. They need to be made to feel their affiliation with their own country. The flag and the National Anthem are initial steps in that direction, Quring wartime, the National Anthem is played everywhere, in theaters. at concerts, wherever people are gathered.

Why not always? Who Issued the edict to stop playing it? If the thousands who go to baseball games and prize fights can rise to the National Anthem, those who go to theaters, concerts and movies can do the same thing. The stuffily superior persons who are citizens of a nation .only to have a passport to go e'lsewhere need not concern us. They do not belong.

Some always try to run away from reality. If they are born into one religin, they try to get into another. If they are nationals f' country, they seek (Co- 'd on Page 7)

Strength For I oday

By EARL L. DOUGLASS IT ALL HANGS TOGETHER

"The very hairs of your heads are all numbered.

Thus declared our Lord. We pass over the statement without much thought. It was a vivid and pifcturesque figure of speech- we say, by which Jesus taught that we are in every portion and aspect of our lives in the hand of an all-controlling God.

He meant that, but he meant something more. The statement signifies that the universe hangs together. Everything in it is part and parcel ol everything else in it. It is all part of one great scheme. The further planet, the most remote galaxj^, the depths of the ocean, the height of the heavensthese are all part of the same situation.

How does that touch your life and mine? First of all by showing us that we are part of a system from which there is not the slightest possibility of our ever being able to separate ourselves. "I shall kill myself and end it all. You may kill yourself, but you will never end it all. The universe hangs together. Tyrants, criminals, men of awful violence to themselves and others, take matters In their own hands and try to break out or break into the world and Its life. But the project is futile. Everything in this universe hangs to-getherfrom the hair of our heads to the whirling of the moat remote sun.

Dont try to buck the universe. Destiny will only toM you into newand perhaps more painful circumstances.

SuDermarkets Boost Packaaina

By ELMER ROESSNEH

A new law In Paris prohtbits wrapping fish in old newspapers.

In Paris and elsewhere outside the United States and Canada, moat products are given bare to consumers. It 1 a common sight to see a Frenchman bicycling home with a three-foot, unwrapped loaf of broad under his arm; it is .coniinou to .see Russian housewives taking .itriiig bags and baskets to market to bring home the makings of borscht.

But in North America everything is packaged The housewife fiSh Is double wrapped. If she buys it frozen, it may have lost natures wrapping, the skin, but there may be wrappings of translucent paper or cellophane. a waxed box. another wrapping of cellophane, and the market's bag.

Packaging has reached a high artIf it is an art-here. Products come contained in paper, cellophane, cardboard, pla.stic.s, aluininun), steel, tin and many other substances, lu many* mauy

instances the packaging cots far more than the raw materials. Corollary: consumers often pay more for the package thau the contents.

THE WHY

Much of this packaging is necessary because shoppers insist that manufacturer.s do a larger part of the proce.s.sing, and proces.Hed foods require a greater amount of packaging. Few today make their own bread: they want It sliced and therefore aeaied at the store. Even fewer puff their own wheat and rice today; they want the factory-puffed kind and are wUling to pay fdr airtight packagesas well as the air in the package.

The egg came before the ehieken and the package came before the supermarket Yet today the aupermarket controls the packaging of its wares just as the hen controls the packaging of hens.

The extent lo whicli tlie eg-licn relationship has been clianged is shown by Btauley C. CoUaud-

er, of Michigan State Uuiver-of New York Universitys Jouiiial sity. writing in the summer issue of Retailing, which is entirely devoted to "self-selection. ALL-IMPORTANT WHITE SPOTS

Self-selection <or self-service) has exacting requirements for packaging. Prof. Holliidder states. "The package niu.st protect the contenUs under rough handling. It mu'it be susceptible to convenient and stable stacking in minimum apace m stockrooms and, especially, on display Helves. It must have, properly located, white spots for price marking. Shipping cartons should be packed In such a way that the white spots can be price-.stamped in efficient fa.shion.

"The package has to be designed to thwart the shoplifters baser Instincts. Small, inconspicuous items have to be attached to large cards or holders that will not conveniently diop into punses. Dottles and jars tliat are price-marked ou the caps of lids must net hav# tops

that arc interchangeable between sizes of differently priced varieties. Otherwise some unscrupulous customer* will exchange bottle tops. Until the container dimensions were changed, some customers would substitute butter for bars in oleomargarine packages.

"Since the retailer no longer nieasurc.s, weighs, or counts out the Item for the consumer, properly sized containers aie important. Adjusting frozen food packagea to conform simultane* ously to the grocer's space requirements and the consumer's idea of a proper portion is a fine art. Finally, but most important, the package must be designed to sell the product without help from a .Salesclerk. . .

There are many other factors to self-service, Professor Hollander and others WTlting in the Journal point out, many generated by the fact that the average food store carried 800 Iteius in 1930; stores today carry from 5,000 to 7UUU and soon may carry