PMt fovn

aMss

the daily EFLECTOR, GREENVILLE. N. C

Tuetday, AtifUit 16, 1960

Tusdaj% August 16, 1960

I Have Reached My Verdict

The Ordinary Rules Dont Apply

Congress is being asked to authorize something like $600,000,000 for a bootstrap lift-job in Latin America.

In some respects, the Administrations plan to help our neighbors toward developing their economies and easing their plight of poverty and handicapped economic structures, Ls on a more solid footing than other such programs of the past.

Basically, it aims at fundamental causes of inertia and deterrents to prosperity.

The bigge.st and most pointed question raised to date dots nt involve the amount of money needed nor how it is to be used, but of an administrative nature.

As a .self-styled foe of U. S. imperialism, Fidei Castros Cuba is omitted from the program. He is no problem; but the attitudes of other free peoples in outh and Central America pose grounds for concern.

We want and need their friendship. On the other hand, our help in the past has not been doing all wed expect it to accomplish in the field of public relations.

The reason?

Dictatorships as well as democratic governments have been sharing equally in past U. S. programs to help underdeveloped countries and poverty-ridden peoples. Our aid has not been politically oriented.

As a result, the democracies complain dictators re helped to stay in office by virtue of these U. S. programs.

So it leaves this country with some dubious

Tuition Means ittle In N. C.

By LYNN NISBET TUITION The word tui-h<Mi in iU dicttonary deiinition the *cot of instruction or teaching has become almost meaningless in relation to total tollege expenaes. That waa made very clear In numerous exores-aions by college administrators during the recent budget commission tour. State policy required by implication, if not by pecilic legislation, is that all State tax supported institutions charge out-of-state students about twice as much for tuition as is charged residents o North Carolina. No differential in charges is made for laboratory gqd library fees, athletic and medical facilities, lodging and means, purchase of books and iupplies. and numerous other which make up major part of total cost of attending college. The difference between 20 and 4<i a month for tuition, when total costs of attending college nibs around 200 to 300 a month br-Dot very much. It makes a good topic for political discussion bout keeping outsiders from '^hogging the advantages for Irbich North Caitditia taxpayers are footing the bills. As a practical matter it is of little consequence.

WATER Adequate water fUpply is the basic "common dtmominator need for every Stale institution, rtcognixed by the hard-boiled business men Who make up the current Advisory Budget Commission.'Water reaourcee, whether entk-ely independent systems or involved Ih deals with neighboring munici-palitiei, had top prtcHlty everywhere. The overpublicized ques-tiens raised by the budget commission about City of Raleigh ctuirges for State College, and somewhat similar queetlons about arrangements between Appalachian State Teachers Coi-tefe and the City of Boone, si-tuaUons at Durham, Gastonia, Goldsboro and Greensboro, had a common purpoeeto make sure of a constant adequate water supply on a fair basis (o all parties.

At Dobbs Farm and Samar-cakd and Morrison Training cnool, at McCain Sanatorium and Western Carolina College at Ctillowhee, where independent Ihititutiottal water systems are required, questions were asked about adequacy Ui case of fire or other emergency. Where there was doubt about adequate facili-tif*. the budgeteers made notes for later study as to Bifthods for improvinf the sltua-UOB.

ACCREDITATION Every etlucational institution, whether tax-supported, church-related or privately fmanced, wants to be ** accredited. Trouble comes

when half a dozen accrediting

agencies set up variable standards for probation, accreditation and full membership in their groups. By the time probationers meet previously established requirements, the rules are tightened.

Presently, as your reporter understands it. every State tax supported college is accredited by one or more of the accrediting agencies. Several of them are not accredited by the value-rib-bon top agencies. Being accredited or not has nothing to do with the quality of the education given. It does have bearing on the status of holders of degrees from these institutions. Certainly North Carolinians agency requirements, which add nothing to the educational training of the graduate, is worthwhile poses a real question.

Something of the same idea applies to the college admission tests adopted by nearly all State supported institutions. Dr. Leo Jenkins at East Carolina and Dr. Walter Ridley at Elizabeth City agreed that there is no way to test "motivation and that rigid application of the tests might V. qrk hardship on many apt students.

SUMMER SCHOOLS Colleges generally ntn regular terms of nine months, or 36 weeks. Most of them operate summer schools of six weeks some have two summer terms aggregating 12 weeks. The summer schools are attended mostly by college students taking up deflciemdes In regular courses, and by teachers or other desirous of advancing their scholastic standing. By and large, summer school students pay their own way and fully, support the expenses of the extra schoolings.

Dr. W.H, Plemmons, president of Appalachian State Teachers College, which has one of the most popular and widely famed summer schools, questions soundness of this program. He suggests a "trimester system instead of the established "semester plan, under which schools and colleges would operate for 48 weeks a year instead of the present 36. with the same State support and prestige accorded the extra four weeks. Dr. Plemmons Indicated he was just suggesting and not promoting the idea. The approach is not entirely new.

One thing which might help it along is the changed attitude toward air-conditioning. Time was when in the North ana in the mountains of North Carolina, schools were suspended In the deep winter because of cold. Central heating and Improved transportation changed that custom. Maybe the advent of air-cooling, operation in the Southwithout much regard to outside temperature.

I III I iiiri] I -T-rr

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sundajr Establiahed 1668 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Pablialiir

Bnferad at Boat Office, Greenville, N C.

matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATSi By Cnrrinr Wk 80a

(BY MAIL, Pny.bit hi AdwMB

Montka .....................................f 3.60

Six Mcmtha ..................................| 6.6T

Onn Year ....... ^11.80

MEMBrfI ASfHinSTBD PREM Til# fhiieelattd Ptess ta eiflualveiy enfltitd ust tm fuNleaHaB all nt#a tpspttehea emHtfd t It or net etlMKWlst aKdttnd In WL fMilNtr aim aJao the toeat new* publbhed herein AB Hfllta Iff puMieitlon of speelaj dlapatehea here art also reaerved

NATIUNAL AOVtRTlHlNfl BEPKPSENTATIVtB thomai P Clark Oo the New Tort Chlctgo Atlanta Metcbar iiioit iureau of Clrculatlcm

4U <tvtPfi*tnt copy muai be receivto at least ene qey otrort pubikattoo date.

choices in maiterg of policy:

(a) To render indiscriminate help; or

(b) To help only those regimes considered democratic; or

(c) Throw up our hand.s in despair.

To retain full control of hotv the relief money is allocated and spent, is no solution. The beneficiaries would only complain of economic aggression or intentions along that line. Too, such action would insult any leadership of a proud-people.

To help only those considered democratic would also wound some governments who consider themselves as the best friends the United States could have in that part of the world. And chances are, in some insUnces, they would be right.

A policy of indjscriminnte aid, as aforementioned, has objections, too.'And yet,

The problem does not lie in merely three, five or six nations. It covers half a continent. And aiding half of these countries involved does not promise per-* manent relief for in a sense their fates are closely linked.

Then we have thi.s to face ... it is not merely governments this country would help, but the people whom they govern.

This program . . . inspired by the difficulties aroused in Cuba . . . has its difficulties in just getting off the ground.

There is a problem, but the ordinary rules for meeting it just dont seem to apply in this case.

They No Longer Meet At The Tobacco Barn

The old wood-burning tobacco barn has all but disappeared from the farms of Eastern North Carolina, and with them has gone what for decades was a part of the annual ritual in the life of the farmer.

It was only a few^ years ago that lanterns twinkled around the curing barns throughout Pitt and other counties from early July Until late August. Like so many huge fire-flies, the yellow^ glow' of the lanterns dotted the roadsides. They blended wdth the brighter flare of the blazing wood fire that could be glimpsed from the mouth of the curing apparatus within the tobacco barn.

During the tobacco curing season the early evening air seem filled with the aroma of burning W'ood mellowed by the curing leaves inside the barns. It ca.st a pleasant spell that drifted with the white whisps of smoke rising from the flues of the barns.

The farmer, w'earied by a long day of getting his rapidly ripening crop from the fields, stretched out on his cot at the tobacco barn to keep his night-long vigil. Betw'een naps he checked the huge thermometer, stoked small logs into the furnace'to keep the fire just right, and endured the annoyance of mosquitoes which in retrospect seem more numerous than those which populate the present August nights.

After nightfall, the tobacco barn became the gathering place for the familys after-supper get-together. Mother brought the youngsters from the house to visit with daddy until it was time for the children to go to bed. Many times the early evening hours at the tobacco barn was the occasion for cutting the wa^rmelon that early in the morning had been taYen from the field and nestled in a shady spot to avoid the days heat.

For a few weeks out of the year the tobacco barn was the hub of farm life in this broad tobacco producing region.

Times have changed, curing methods have been improved and the old wood-burning, barns have become a rarity. The tobacco barn is no longer the gathering place for the evening hours during the harvest season. The night-long vigils have given way to periodic checks. And even the aroma of curing tobacco doesnt seem to hung as heavy on the evening air as it once did.

Curing time is still the busy time of year on tobacco farms, and tobacco barns represent a center of activity. But the tobacco barn of today isnt nearly the gathering place its wood-burning predecessor was a few' decades ago.

By ALVIN TAYLOR

A Time For Hidina'Out

SOMEWHERE IN GREAT DISMAL SWAMP. . -Yes, I know I placed the Rev. Thomas Money In the wrong church last column writing time, I lost count of the number of irate Hooker Memorial Christian Church members who told me so, before I left for parts unknown.

Hooker Memorial is a Christian and not a Methodist Church. I know. I know. I know.

Well, maybe the heat will die down in a few months and I can come out. These mosquitoes here are real man eaters.

Taylor had ready answer when some of the gals down the street asked him about the holes being dug presently at Five Points and earlier at other spots In the downtown streets.

"Those? replied. Oh. they're fall out shelters in case of atomio attack.

I checked with Utilities Supt. Leonard Bloxam. He indignantly denied it.

tern St.

"And I just hope they dont catch the mayor because he used that street at times, he added as an afterthought.

Your columnists brother Bill

Mayor S. Eugene West told compiaininf citizens at a recent Council meeting that the police would check on speeding autos ih the viciniiy of First and as-

Had a nice conversation with Nancy Harris, who I* going to Prance for a year on a Rotary International Pellqwahlp.

Nancy wouldnt own up to It but her friends told me she had stocked up on seasick pills in preparation for the ocean voyage awaiting her.

At any rate, I must say the Rotarians couldnt have picked a prettier or bralner representative.

Other Editors Saying ,. The Gifted Child

D

iesponsiDiiitY Tor Welfare

By JAMES MARLOW WASHWOON <AP) - The Social Security Act is just 23 years old but it has taken a long timemost of American historyfor the government to accept much i-esponslbllity for the individual welfare of its citizens.

The idea i.s still being fought. The Constitution says "We, the people. . .in order to forrn a more perfect union. . .promote the general welfare. . .do or dam and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

What did "general welfare mean? Did it include the general welfare of Individual persons?

James Madison, called the father of the Constitution and one oi the signers, said later the welfare clause had no meaning because Congress powers to provide fw the "general welfare were not spelled out.

Even Charles Beaid, Ameritan historian, admitted himself baffled on how the words 'general welfare got Into the Constitution. So did others.

What developed through most ol American history was not concern for the melfti e of individuals but the legend of rugged individualism which had its roots in many uurce.s.

For example, the expsndtne Ironuer which carried with it the concept of unlimited individual opportunity, the ft*ee en-terpiMie economic philosophies of the 18th and Itth centuries, the pi'tachings of Herbert Spencer, the British sociologist who oii-vmakiHl ".survival of Hie fii u- c *' wliu ii irieaiu thr* devil t;il:e the hmJmo. t

1 Uiwu|h hiuil of AmeiTcan toiT there was no control on the ccimiiiiaiuiii ol wealthlike Itir antiliust laws llir inst me m ItTJO or graduated uicume laxc

(starting in 1913).

But enterprise in America has never been entirely free. The first Congress passed the first Tariff Act to protect American business from the competition of imports.

More recently there have been government subsidies to farmer* and businesses of variou* kinds in the midst of argument*, still going on. against any government interference.

Still, the seeds of government responsibility were planted.early in America, the firet Britlfih settlers brought with them the Elizabethan poor laws under which local communities assumed responsibility for the poor.

Later, states assumed it and, finally, the federal government. In the increasingly complex American society the real problem has always been how to retain a maximum amount of freedom while government control and interference of necessity increase.

But the realization of federal Iesponslbillty was a long time in coming.

In 1654 President Franklin Pierce vetoed a bill giving federal lands to states for the benefit of the insane. He said "the welfare clause in the Constitution did not give Congress the right to provide money ioi the indigent Insane nor for any indigent per-ions."

For more than three nuarier* of a century Pierces veto controlled federal relief policy. In 1R87 President Grover Cleveland nald, "I do not believe that the power ami duly o llie general umeiit ouf tit lu tje extu nUiHl lo itie reltrf of linlul.lual sufteiing which is In no manner lelated to puulic scivice

This remaliu'd the national at-litude mitil I'.;3 wlien, iinckr (CuiitmueU on page livet

(Wariiiitglon Daily New)

Aroqnd the first of September in North Carolina thousands of ix-year-old boys and girls will enter public schools as first grader*.

Borne will be exceptionally smart; some will be just average tudents: some will be slow learners. But the average classroom will find some of each category within the room.

The teacher will have many decisin* to make in preparing' these boys and girls a* they start out on the road in quest of knowledge. She will have dll-ftculty at times in keeping the mind* of the smarter pupils busy. She will have to spend much time wlUi the slow learners in order that they might master the requirements of the first grade.

There are some who will say that we ought to take a second look at public education to such an extent that we will keep the smart ones busy even at the expense of ignoring the slow learners.

in the average North Carolina school it is impossible to separate the gifted children from the slow learners even If we wished to take that course. Public education means educa-tl(Mi ftM* allregardless of ability to learn.

But North Carolina today is studying the matter carefully of what to do about gifted children, The Council of State has appropriated $78,000 for the project so that some progress can be made in the study of Rifled children. Pitt county is one area where some of the money is to be spent. And Pitt County Board of Education has hired a teacher to work with gifted children.

Needless to lay, the entire educational forces of North Carolina will be watching the results of this study. It could mean to us in future years if some practical plan can be evolved in the handling of this problem. And gifted children do offer educators a problem.

As this year's first grade pupils slowly wend their ways through the school grades year after year, we will come to that point one day when we can say with some degree of certainty that out of a class of 30 pupils, three of them perhaps are exceptional. Ls it the responsibility of todays educators to give these three children the fuU' opptHTtunity to develop their mental Capacities to the utmost? Or sliould the educators think In terms of giv-int an average education to all?

The problems of education are not as simple as some would have us beUeve. Mental capacities differ greatly, and when the American educational system Is criticised as inferior to the Russian system for instance, we might point to the fact that we try to educate all. America does not now engage ir. any system of "educating the best and forgetting the rest.

However, It is our feeling that we ought to do more for the gifted child. After all, talent, leadership, and ability are great American factors for the future, 1 we fall to develop the gifted child to the full extent of his ability to learn, then we might have lost much greatness for future years.

We believe it eUU is possible to educate all and at the same time five addid attenuon to both the gifted or exceptional child as well as the slow learner.

And at the local cinema, 1 took In Alfred Hitchcocks latest "Pyscho.

As those who saw it know, movie goers were admitted only at the beginning of each showing. So patrons waiting outside had the opportunity to hear the comments of those who came out. Never had 1 heard such a difference of opinion about a movie.

Apparently you either liked It or you didnt, There'was no. In between.

Your columnist, incidentally, found it an extremely interesting movie. Not Hitchcocks best, but still a real spellbinder for me.

Opinions Ih Briei

*If you are determined to move from the country to the city be prepared, emong other things, to have your, vole diluted. Atlanta Journal. '

"NO symixithy is due Osetro as a result of having been dealt out of the latest U.S. plan to help other Latin nations. The State Department probably figures hell help himself to everythUig he can get his hands on.New Orleans States and Item.

"Lives of free men will never be easy; freedom will never lessen its demand for individual responsibility. N.C. Education Journal.

GIVE

rHENITEDwAr

Wrong. View :: Wealth

By GEORGE E. OKOLSKY Copyright. IMO. King reatures Syndicate, Inc.

A correspondent write* on a postcard: , ^ ^

"Hare is a phase of American life, a child see* hi* parents living in dark dingy room*. The parents are doing their best. Then you read of all the (swells) with several homes something like yourself. 1 think this system Is rotten; the same applies to many other things. What do you think?

There Is nothing rotten about the system. The writer of this card objects to anyone having more than he has. My iatheft I am sure, had a* little or less. He was a holy man whose earning* were limited by religious impediments. There were too many things he could not. in conscience, do, but which oters, oi different rtiilglonSi could, la conscience do. These Umitatlons prevented our family from becoming wealthy, although we were, on the whole happy.

My father could have gone .in for cloaks and suits or manufacturing pants or being a but-* Cher. Many of those whom we knew in my childhood became enormously wealthy from such lowly beginnings. I knew of a tailor who became a banker and a butcher who became a chicken king. In fact, my father lent the latter five dollars to start him in business and he became Enormously rich out of that five dollars that my father lent him. How, is another story. But, In .the end, his competitors bombed him because he used to undersell them by feeding the chicken* gravel and water In New Jersey. My father was never bombed perhaps because he never did very much.

Nevertheless, we all managed to livethere were nine of us in the family. Including our parents. None of us ever became very wealthy, but we managed. And if this reader objects to my owning a farm, In addition to Uving In a New York qty tenement, I can only tell him that* I have worked many yars since I got my first Summer job at the age of 10 and hava never found that the system Interfered with my opportunities, until recently, when the income tax began to take too much of my earnings.

Naturally, I do not know my correspondent and threore do not know what psychological or physteal impediments prevent him from making out. This is still the land of opportunity as anyone must know who works at it. For instance, lots of folks make a fuss over Leonard Bernstein, but he was not bom of the Rockefellers or Astors. His father was a small self-employed merchant in Lawrence outside of Boston and Bernstein achieved hi* enormous success by working hard and learning much.

Ah! My correspondent will probably say. "Bernstein has great talent but I am a common, ordinary person. Every man has some gift that God gave him. So many do not take advantage of their gifts or their opportunities.

Look at Richard Nixon, now running for President. HLs father was a small town grocer who had never done too w'ell, Dick tended store and poured gasoline into automobiles and when I first met him I .am sure that his suit came from on of those stores that give two pair of pants with each suit. And, now, he is a great man. Vice President of the United States, And there is a chance for the rich man. too, although there waa a time in this country when If a man was not born in a log cabin, he could not tor President. Our prejudice against the born rich has lessened. In this campaign year, Kennedy and Johnson are wealthy, and Henry Cabot Lodge comes of a family of great, distinction and soeliu prestige. The prejudice against the rich no longer exclude* them from opportunity.

My correspondent is all wrong. This is still the land of* great opportunity for those who will work hard, who will build mind and character, who wlU take advantage of what Is offered them. 'The sourpuss, the sorehead, the man who prefers his ha tel to his blessings, will, of course, get nowhere. That is (Continued on page 5)

discount Store Now Acceatable

By ELMER ROESfiNER

The dvscount store has moved to dull respectability.

Before World War II, the discount store was a sort of con-numcr-goodh speak-easy. They wcit often upstairs in lofts, or down alleys. They were as hard .to get into as old-time speakeasies were, and for much the same reason. Price cutting, like .telling hooch, was against the law in most place.s. Discount hou.ses had'to make sure the cistomer wasnt a spotter from some prio?'h:d;ig corporation.

1 remember buying a fountain pen. 1 climbed to an upstairs loU aqd found myself in a miniature dipartment store. I ex-amuied pens, each marked with the manufacturer's fixed pnce. I selected a pen, marked 110.

"I^ow' much IS this?" I a.skcd in .n knowing voire.

"Ten Unllsu'.s," saUl the man "Hive you a member.Mup

CAld'

"No, but &d Margolius sent me, I whlsprred.

"If . $5 1!), he .-oi l. I li<<m-)it It aud gut It ill a plain wrapper.

TIMES CHANGE

After the war, there was a great expansion in the discount house business. There were several rea.sons. Goods were relatively scarce and manufacturers used that situation to enforce fixed prices. A dealer who offered discounts would be cut off from supplies. In fact, many were willing to pay list prices in their eagerness for products.

The so-called "fair trade laws were tough then, too.

But dLscounters found ways of getting goods at less than manufacturers prices. An overex-pandid store here, a surplus stock thert and discounters got the goods to offer. They moved down to street level. Some actually courted arrest on price-cutting' charges. When fined; they had (he biusts for full-pagt* newspa|>er ads reporting Itiat they had been convicted of cutting price I Tlity made back their fine* twice over in a few hours.

INDIAN WRD.STI.E

Depai Uncut aud other pi ice-

maintaining stores at first screamed for enforcement of "fair trade laws. But as they, too, found themselves stuck with slow-movtng merchatidisf, they began to discount their own prices.

Noii-discouiit houses started advertising credit, dcUveriM and other services. So then discount houses offered the same services and discounted thelt* prices a little less, or applied an add-on for these servlcel.

Meanwhile, under legal action by discount houses, supreme courts in slate after state began to declare prlce-rpaintenance laws unconstilu-Uonal.

In that phisi is tha grim joke of the entirt disottint battle. It was dL^ounters who fl-nUnciHl the suiL* to liave tii'iec-fixing laws dpclareil void Yet when they won, they lo.st. When the laws were nullified, department stores wcrt ItgiUy able to cut prices to compete wtlli discount houses. In tuiiny iiislauces, they undercut dis

counters.

And now, the situation has settled down to a live-and-let-liva situation. Dlsoounters, just like others, use newspaper and electronic advertising to peddls wares. Department stores discount list prices as often, if not as deep, as discount houses. And they offer services many discount housees cannot meet.

In this settling-down, one important Ingredient excitement Is gone from discount houst buying. A cop on a downtown corner recently commented, "Nobody ever asks me where a discount house is any more. His father. 26 years ago, might have remarked, "Nobody tvar saki me whera a ipaUc-easy la agy more.

HOULO YOU call THII LUCE LIVING?

A want-ad In "P.Y.I.," the tune-Llfi mploj-eeC organ, lists;

"AVAILABLE: Maniion, 132 rooms, 2U baths, i elevatw*. Will redecorats.*^