PAGE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Monday, Aufutt 1, 196Q

Monday, August 1, I960

Greater Stress On

Will the issues of international affairs overshadow the domestic problems of the United States in the forthcoming presidential campaign?

In recent years presidential campaigns have been fought primarily on domestic issues with the matter of iniernational affairs playing a less important role in the quest for voter approval. This year, however, signs at the outset of the campaign point to greater emphasis on the role of this nation in international affairs with domestic issues, while important, taking a somewhat secondary place in the campaign.

The acceptance speech of Vice President Nixon was weighed heavily with the importance of the United States assuming a more forceful position in the framing of world events. The fact that the GOP nominee picked Henry Cabot Lodge, ambassador to the United Nations, as his running mate suggests that international affairs will be key point in the Republican bid for voter support.

While Sen. Kennedy, the lemocratic nominee, has so far made a pitch which is more nearly balanced between domestic and international issues, it appears that even in the Democratic campaign international affairs may be accorded the paramount position. Certainly the addre.ss of the keynote speaker at the Democratic convention set the .tage for such a position the United States must take in the changing world. There

Concerned Over

The. Retardec.

Safauri

By LYNN NISBET

RETARDED The budget commission got s '*new look" at the problem of retarded children duni^ its visit to Cas-mell Training School the other day. This is the oldest and by far the biggest o the State schols for mentally defectvie. It has been more than doubled in capacity during the past decade. and additional schools have been built at Butner and Goldsboro and one is under const ruc-tin at Morganton. When present plans have been effectuated the State wtU have invested well above $15 million in these institutions for the care and training of below-normal children. Designated as schools rather than hospitals, and classed as welfare rather than medical in character, they are under jurisdiction of the State Hospital Board of Control.

The budget group had visited John W Umstead School at Butner and O'Berry School at Oold.boro before ccming here. So this visit served to sort of wrap up the whole problem Questions asked of Dr. Eugene Hargrove, general superintendent, Roy Puser. business man-sver of the hosniial system, and Dr. Frank Badrock, Caswell superintendent, covered more than local operations.

The new way of designating the classes of pupils in the school illustrates the changing concept of its functions. A few years ago the children were classed as idiots, imbeciles and morons. Now the classification is custodial, trainable and edtxrable. Tbese words not only are less harsh, but they convey better understanding of the mental caliber of the pupils.

The educable can be taught to read and write and in many repsects are as self sufficient as pupils in public schools. The trainable can be taught pensonal hygiene, to dress and undress, thus lessening the burden of caring for them. The group labeled as custodial are Just that everything must be done for themeven to feeding.

NUMBERS Dr. Hargrove said that while the census may not be completely accurate. generally accepted ratio of retarded children to total pop-^ ulation is roughly one-tenth of one percent custodial: two-

tenths of one percent tralnabe and two percent educable These percentages applied to the population of North Carolina indicate about 4,.900 in the custodial group: 9.(X)0 in the trainable, and 90.000 educable a total of 103,500 with JQ below 70 and in need of institutional care. Maximum cana-city of existing and contemplated schools is less than 4,000 That means 100,000 must be left out.

Dr. Babcock took this fact as ba^is for his contention that more of the pupils within the

higher IQ level should be entered in public schools at home, and that aid from welfare funds where parents are not able to carry the load would be more economic, as well as more socially profitable, than maintaining the pupils in the Slate institution, He advanced a thought, new to the budgetecrs, that children seek admission to the schools not so much because 'they are mentally retarded as because of family situations back home. Many of them have no homes. In numerous Instances It is wise, if not completely necessary, to get the retarded child out of the family circle for the protection of other children and the parents. The tragedy of separation may be less than the tragedy of continuing association.

Discussion of these points around the conference table suggested more questions than answers. One answer was inescapable: The need for care and training of low IQ persons Is greater than capacity of North Carolina to fully meet.

UP-KEEP - Arthur Kirk-man, Clifton Blue and Clyde Harrias, the budget commission members making the inspection tour for the first time, have frequently voiced concern over failure of the State and its agents in charge of State property te maintain buildings and equipment as adequately as private business is expected to do.

Kemp Doughton, Joe Eagles and William Copeland, and members who have made one or more previous tours, also think maintenance has not been what it shouldbut they are less excited about it. It has been the practice for the budget commission to recommend and the General Assembly to appropriate less money for repairs than the institutions said they needed to keep up the property. Also it is of record that some institutions have been so eager for new buildings, they have de-emphasizcd requests for repairs to existing structures.

It might be difficult to pinpoint responsibility, but there can be no doubt that the taxpayers have been socked for heavy damages by reason of failure to keep buildings in good recair. That calls to mind the wisecrack made several years aeo by one admini-strator. If a man needs six blsculte to provide energy for doing a good job he can still do a creditable Job on four or five biscuits. But if he is at the bottom of a .70-foot well and a rescue squad offers a rope 40 feet long, it is t the same as having no rope ai all. A substantial part of re-ouests for repairs, alterations and enlargement of facilities now before the budget group are exacilv the same as appli-catons made two. four or six years ago.

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Foreign Affairs

can be no dobut that the keynote address reflected the course the party leaders had decided to follow in the campaign.

, In recent years, as the world has developed into an increasingly closer community of nations, the people of the United States have become considerably more interested in international affairs. To a greater degree than at any other time in history, Americans have come to realize that events in Cuba, the Congo, Asia, Europe, the Middle Ea.t and every other part of the globe vitally influence the well being of this nation.

The battle for world influence between the Soviet Union and the leaders of the free world is recognized as a battle for survival between the two powerful ideologies of democracy and communism. That the American people are genuinely concerned about world affairs is reflected by the domestic reaction to events in every section of the globe.

Perhaps these things reflect a growing political maturity on the part of the United States as it relates to the rest of the world. Certainly it reflects a growing realization on the part of the American people that we can no longer ignore what happens in any section of the globe regardless of how far it appears to be removed from us.

It also reflects a growing maturity on the part of the two great political parties of this nation, both of which apparently have reached the conclusion that the nations highest officials must afford forceful leadership not only at home, but abroad as well.

International problems which face the United States are now regarded as on a par withif not actually more importantthan the problems which face this nation at home.

Schools, Colleges To Benefit By The Tests

Public school systems of the state as well as the colleges should benefit from the uniform testing program of applicants to state-supported colleges recently adopted by the State Board of Higher Education.

In requiring state-supported colleges to administer the uniform tests to all applicants beginning in the fall of 1961, the Board of Higher Education left it to each individual Uollege to determme how much weight .should be attached to the tes* in determining which applicants would be admitt*^d to the colleges. Such a provision will afford the colleges leeway in their admission programs, and at the same time will afford a uniform basis for comparison of the calibre of students admitted to the various colleges in the state.

From the standpoint of public school in the vari-OLKS counties and communities of the state, the uniform coflege entrance test will afford at least one more factor to be used in evaluating the program offered by the individual school systems.

si

It will give each school system an opportunity to .ee how well its students do on the uniform tests compared with those from other public school systems in the state. The uniform tests may well point up strong points and weak points in curriculum of various schools. By evaluating results of the tests, the individual .chool systems may well take steps to improve the calibre of preparatory education afforded its students. ,

From the standpoint of the public schools of the slate as a whole, these tests, properly used, may prove an important factor in improving the level of public education throughout North Carolina. They will afford each community another method of measuring how well its youngsters stack up scholastically with tbo.se who are graduating from high .schools in other communities throughout North Carolina.

A 'Miracle In

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

RroDiieties Of Politics

Copyright. 19S0, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Every human activity has ita rules and regulations. Some are simple, such as the propriety of eating with a fork; some are very complicated like the complex proprieties of family life.

Politics is. of course, a science. It is the science of controlling mens minds and wills. It is also a way of life for those who engage in it actively. The first rule of a really successful politician is that "his finger is always goodl This .term comes from auctioneering, in the course of which a man raises his finger and that closes a transaction which might involve

large sums. The "finger" is an inviolable contract. Whoever breaks it once is never trusted again.

This must be ti'ue of the policitian. Once he gives his word, there is no turning on it or he is a dead man politically. The politician also must have a long memory. He cannot pretend that he has forgotten. He cannot deny that he has given his word. He dare not lie to one of equal rank with himself. These are the proprieties of the game. Every form of social existence has its proprieties. They may not be violated.

The reason, for instance, that a man like James A. Farley,

Other Editors Saying edge A Logical Choice

aat $1 Billion

By RALPH ROBEY

We have just witnessed what pioperly may be called a finan-^:ial "miracle" in connection with the federal budget.

Last January it was estimated that the budget for fiscal year ending June 30 would end up with a surplus of $200 million. Although that was a Budget Bureau forecast, and although there was only a little over five more months to go. it appeared that the figure was on the generoiuj side. The next new* we had was that corporation intomt lax oaynients would be down sharply, perhaps by half a billion dollars. That meant, should it prove to be true, that the fiscal year would result in a deficit. Now we have the final accounting for the year, and it shows a surplus of $1.1 billion.

The figures on thi.s budget

showing have been widely publicized and we do not propose to repeat them here- None the le.ss, there are a few items which dr.serve emphasis.

Fir.*i. the foreca.st on corporation income tax payments was wrong only In the sense that the devlinc was even larger than anticipated in the statement of a few months ago. In fact, revenues as a whole were below the January estimate.

Second, the surplus was not the resiilt of reducing military spending. This Uetn was up a quaiter of a billion dollars iron the January eslnnale, and at $41.2 billion was almost identical with military expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959.

Thu*d. the total spending was $3 4 billion below the 19.59 leiel and the reduction, excejrt for the military, was acattered pretty well across the board.

Finally, and most Important, here w defimtive evidence that tuial govetnmeni spending does not have to liicrea^e year after year, H ma> be granted that some of the reductions were not the result of anylUing whicli the Administra lion itself did- A perfect example was the large

decline in agricultural expenditures. That came about because farmers did not make as heavy demands upon the government as anticipated, and had they made the demands there would have no alternative under the present laws but to make larger payments.

The substantial drop in interest payments on the public debt also was not because the Treasury did or did not do anything. It was the result of the decline of interest rates In the open market.

But, in general, it is accurate to say that the surplus Is the result of our having a prudent administration an administration which is not only interested. but determined, to spend no more than necessary. Of course the Administration was not completely successful in this effort. There is, and probably always will be. waste of enorm-our proportions in our federal spending.

At least in the past fiscal year, however, there was some needless spending eliminated, and for that we should all be thankful.

It would be encouiaging almost beyond words if we could believe that an equally good

record would be made in the

current fiscal year. At the mo

ment it does not appear that is probable. Already a needless and quite unjastified $7tH> million ha.*i been added for increased pay to government workeis, nad no one can know what will happen in the piesumed brief session when the Congress re-

con vene-s We do know, however. that there are some enormous spending proposals on the docket, and back of that is a Democratic platform which, if enacted, would cost billion*.

The one great point to l>ear In mind is lliat there is no economic necf.?sity for spending this year to be above that of the fiscal period just ended Some categories may need more, but other items can be reduced by more than enough to lake care of these increases.

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

Richard Nixons choice of Henry Cabot Lodge as his running mate on the Republican ticket must be regarded as astute as Sen. John Kennedys selection of Sen. Lyndon Johnson for the Democratic ticket. This is true for two reasons. First. Lodge, as possibly no other man in the Republican party, is a national figure. He has gained a reputation through his position as US. Ambassador to the United Nations. And second. Lodge fits perfectly into the strategy of placing major compaign emphasis on foreign affairs which Nixon is expected to follow.

In truth, there is still a third reason why Nixon should prefer Lodge over some of the other prominent Republican prospects. Lodge is from Massachusetts, the home state of Kennedy, and that fact is expected to help counter some of Kennedys influence in New England and the Northern tier of states. Lodge, like Kennedy, comes from an old, wealthy, leading New England family. His people have been in government service for years.

Obviously, Nixon's reasoning went something like this. So long as Kennedy has srength-ened his position in the South with hl; selection his position in the South with his selection of Johnson then the GOP position mast be strengthened like-w'ise in other areas. What more logical move than seeking out a man from his ppponents own state? Such a rhove could be expected to divide the loyalties of New Englandeven of powerful New Yorkin a manner calculated to weaken Kennedys position in that area.

Sen. Kennedy himself, in commenting on Lodge's selection, predicted a tough battle in the coming campaign. He recognizes the respect and influence a man of Lodge's stature possesses in the heavily-populated Northeast. Too. Lodge is older than Nixon, just as Johnson is older than Kennedy, a fact that lends an air of maturity and experience to a pair of men whom many regard as mighty young in years to be aspiring to such a high office. .

Of one thing we can be sure: Lodge is tough with the Russians, he has had almost eight years experience in the field of international relations, a quality that in these days must be regarded as extremely valuable, for whether we admit, it or not, foreign affairs and national defense are the two major issues of this campaign.

True, there are side issues, such as agriculture problems and civil rights, but in comparison with the grave problem of encroaching international communism, these issues on the domestic side appear to diminish in significance. The Kremlin has expressed its bitterness over the. selection of Richard Nixonwith good reason. It remembers him as the man who stood toe to toe with Nikita Khrushchev last year in Moscow and slugged it out with him in a verbal hassle. We can well imagine what their reaction will be to Lodges selection as a running mate. Lodge has called their bluff at every turn 111 every major clash with the Rassians in the United Nations over a wide variety of issues. Lodge is a man who knows his Russiansand how io deal with them.

Prices

O

who has long been inactive in politics, is still of impoitance and still stands out, as a figure in national conventions, is that he has the reputation of never having broken faith with any man. of having lived up to his promises and of having quit over a principle and not as the result of a personal row. This rule applies to every man w-ho want to succeed in politics. His greatest crime is to go back on his word.

Politicians of the two parties do not hate each other usually. Sometimes they are even very close friends, as, for instance, Joe Martin and Sam Rayburn always have been. General Eisenhower was amateurish when he snubbed President Truman on Inauguration Day no pro ever cares what an opponent says about him; that is all part of the great game of politics. Harry Truman appointed President Hoover to a very honorable position and then attacked Hoovers reputation. They have remained close friends.

Were it otherwise, these men of different parties and diverse views would not work together. They have to work together in governors conferences, in the Senate, in the House of Representatives, on committees. Therefore, there aie proprieties and etiquettes which must be adhered to, even in debate. Such Senators as Huey Long and Joseph McCarthy sometimes, in the heat of debate, forgot the proprieties and it cost them dearly. Lyndon Johnson, the Democratic leader, and Everett Dlrksen, the Republican leader in the Senate, never forgot the proprieties an they managed to put through legislative programs in the national Interest. despite vast differences of opinion.

The maverick in politics often does not understand the proprieties and he is shocked when 'he gets hurt. This happened to Nelson Rockefeller who put hi* faith in speech writers and public relations men rather than in those who understand both the science and art of politic*. John Kennedy set up one of the mo.st competent and effective political organizations ever seensurely since the days of Mark Hanna. Richard Nixon has proved to be astute and sure-footed. He is probably the most brilliant political strategist of recent years. Wendell Willkie did not understand politics at all; he messed up his own show. Thomas E. Dew-is a smart politician, but fails to make poi)le like him. Perhaps he is too cagey.

I have been close to many political figures in several countries. The best operator I ever (Continued on page 6)

me

uture

By ROGER BABSON

BABSON PARK. Mass . Now that fears of further drastic price inflation in the .S appear to have temporarily subsided, this is an opportune time to check the ovei-all situation with regard to wholesale commodity prices. I also venture a forecast on the outlook for a few selected groups.

RECORD OF THE INDEXES

Although commodity prices as a whole are at a relatively high level, it is interesting to note that very little of this price inflation has occurred during the past two or three years. The Bureau of Labors overaU price index recently stood at 119.5, compared with 119.7 a year ago, 119.2 two years ago. and 117.4 in June 1957. Industrial prices also have been fairly stable, the 1960 June average of 1282 comparing with 128.2 a year ago, 125.8 two years ago, and 125 2 for June 1957. Farm products prices are slightly under the year-ago level.

Despite the over-all price stability of the past several years, there have been wide shifts up and down in prices of many individual commodities. I expect such shifts to continue. Hence, it is vitally Important to buyers and sellers to study and appraise the supply-demand ratios prevailing, or likely to prevail, in Individual items. These ratios will largely determine price action of group members, whichever way the group itself may be moving. INDUSTRIALS AND METALS

I see nothing in the near-term picture, barring war, that could exert strong upward pressure on prices of industrial commodities. Supplies, for the most part, will easily suffice for requirements in the months ahead. However, allowance must be made for higher wage and transportation costs, not all of which can be absorbed by producers. Under the circumstances, I forecast moderately higher prices for industrial commodities sometime before the year is out.

Outstanding in the metals group is the fact that supplies, in almost aU ijistances, are easily ample for prospective near term requirements. Thus, a sustained price rise over the Immediate future is unlikely. A fall pickup in business, and especially automobile production, could increase over-all demand for metals; but such an increase may not mature. The steel makers, however, face higher wage costs on December 1, and may have to pass a part of them along.

FARM PRODUCTS,

CATTLE AND HOGS

Some supply stringency is indicated in a few new-crop canned vegetables, particularly corn and peas. This could mean higher prices. Generally large plantings of feed and food grains last spring point to a sizable total outturn, barring serious crop damage. The new crops, plus generally big carryovers, should exert downward pressure on prices of most farm products over near-term months.

Prices of fed cattle may weaken further, owing to sizable marketings, but should recover moderately later in the summer. With pasture conditions generally good, ranchers arc in no hurry to sell feeder cattle, but I forecast rather heavy runs by Ikte summer or early fall, with some price weakness. Hog prices are working up to a summer peak perhaps around $20 per cwt. The next broad move should be downward, though the fall or early winter low should be above that of a year ago.

MORE INFLATION AHEAD?

Despite the over all price stability of the past few years, the Issue of further inflation is by no means a dead duck. Should the Democrats win the forthcoming national election, the groundwork for further price inflation will have been laid. If the Republicans should win, inflation might be held in abeyance. In either case, a small Korean-type war would be inflationary.

In conclusion, on the basis of available statistics I see little m the near-term picture pointing to further general price Increase*. Supplies for the moit part are ample, and productive capacity in many Instances Is excessive. Such conditions arc now not conducive to a price spiral in either the metals or farm product*. But war or certain sudden deaths could quickly change the outlook.

Time To Review Reauirements

By ELMER ROESSNER

This August ts a Kood month for employers and their personnel executives to review present and future requirements. They may now have an opportunity that will not recur for many months or possibly for several years.

Tliese are the basics:

1. Unemployment is high. Mtd-June unemployment was 4,<12;J,-(K)U, up a million in a month. July iigures may show some, but not much, improvement. While the figures may Include many agricultural workers and be-twetn-semester students, it also includes some taltnttd white-collar worker*. Note that the May-June rise a year ago was only rHKi.OOO, which indicate.s that a laree part of the current increase w not sea.sonal workers, 2 Included in the total ara many hl|h school and collage !?rads thrust ou the labor inirket, .M;uiy of them are skilled and lalcnied. Some are competing for Jobs with older workers,

making more of these older work-er.s available. In this frame of reference, an "older worker" can be anyone from mid-twenties to early sixties.

ON PRACTICAL BASIS

3. To get away from theory: employment agencies in most cities have stepped up solicitations for jobs. A year ago, many agencle.s were advertlv ing only for applicants. Today, while still seeking Hi)plltant.s, they arc advertising more heavily for openings.

A year ago. one company was sLiuggUni to find i secretary who oould spell and type reasonably well and succeeded In finding only I fresh graduate of a busine.sA college. Seeking another .secretary today it has Interviewed a parade of .tkilled girls, half of whom have college baek-groundi.

4 Many employtts on administrative and executive levels have become doubtful about long-term pro.spects of their concerns and will listen to offers of jobs.

WHAT TO DO

Under these circumstances, it may profit many managements to re-examine present personnel efficiency, and to review requirement* for the rest of this year and 1961. They may find it better to make replacements now than in a tight labor market later. They may find it expedient to recruit now for expansion ii the fall. They may find good material with which to fill gaps in present organizational chai'ts.

It may also be an excellent time to hire talent for new pro-jeots: to assemble teams to launch a new product, to establish a new section, br to mount new campaigns.

Time I* relatively short. The "after Labor Day pick up, which now tM'gins some lime before Lagor Day, will absorb many of the nonfarm unemployed. In addition, many personnel departments are aware of the facts noted in paragraph* No. 1. 2, 3 and 4, and are already beginning to screen people fur fall em

ployment.

Some, you can be sure, art prepared to hoard a few top secretaries, salesmen, office machine dperators and other bodies with desirable skills.

HOW TO ESCAPE THAT CABARET TAX

The cabaret tax has been reduced from 20 to 10 per cent, but you can escape even that bite if you do it right.

If you are passing time in a Joint, call for your check Just before the entertainment starts. A U.S. District Court has ruled that only bills run up after the show begins are subject to tax, so that bUl will be tax free.

Dont order during the ahow.

After the show, resume orders, which can no longer be taxed.

Of course, because he gave you tw'o checks Instead of one, the waiter will probably expect an extra tip and in the end you will lose money. But you will have the satisfaction of having staged your own Boston Tea Party, rveu you weieut quaffing tea