fiMtday, July 1, !U

Tuesday, July 19, 1960

Guest Editorial

Another Miracle Of Electronic*

VOA Will Bring In New Families

Editors Note: The following editorial was prepared by FRED K. BLACKBURN, Project manager of the VOA installation here,

F'ebruary 15, I960 seven U. S. Information Agency employees, the first contingent of what is planned to become a permanent staff of over one hundred employees, arrived in Greenville to establish the Greenville Voice of America office.

Prior to that date a total of six thousand acres of land, divided between three widely separated sites forming a triangle roughly centered on Greenville, had been procured for the installation of international short wave transmitting facilities which will have a value, when completed, in excess of twenty-six million dollars. Two high powered transmitter plants, capable of full-time direct transmissions to target areas in Northern or Central Europe, Africa and the Middle East, or to VOA overseas bases for further relay to all parts of the world, will be installed east of Greenville, and a receiver plant, capable of receiving transmissions from all parts of the world, west of the city.

Clearing and preliminary site improvement operations are now being carried out at the three sites.

A Big Business In Universities

By LYNN NISBET (First of two articles)

UNIVERSITIES - The advifi-ery Budget Commission has visited all five of the university type institutions of higher education owned and supported by the State of North Carolina. These are the three units in the North Carolina Consolidated Universitythe University at Chapel Hill, State College at Raleigh and Woman's College at Greensboro: North Carolina

College at Durham and A. ii T. College at Greensboro.

The Consolidated University is controlled by a board of trustees composed of 1(X) persons elected by the General Assembly in joint session. The Governor if ex-officio chairman, and ex-Governors are members for life, and the State

Superintendent of Public Instruction is a member during his tenure. While the full board of trustees must act upon most questions of policy, practical control is vested in an executive committee of tw'elve members.

The administration set up calls for a central office at Chapel Hill, with a president and a controller of the Consolidated University, and a resident chancellor and business manager at each unit.

The other universities are controlled by separate boards of trustees of 12 members each appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the Senate. (As a practical matter such confirmation is purely per-fuitttory, often not being given until a year or so after the trustees have been on the job > Each of these units has a president, elected by the board, and a resident business manager. In every instance the president (or chancellor) is the superior responsible official.

The consolidated units are primarily for white students. North Carolina College and A&T for Negroes.

BIG BUSINESS These five university units had a combined enrollment of 19341 students during the past term. Increase of about ten percent if anticipated for the 1960-(>1 year. The Aggregate A budget appropriation for maintenance and op- eration for the 1960-61 session amounts to $17,821,592. The operational requests have not been filed for the next biennium, but increased enrollment and higher prices are expected to boost it to more than $20 million a year.

The latest State Department of Administration estimates of the value of buildings and contents. not counting land, at the five universities gives a total of $158,835,000. The budget commission last week heard requests for additional capital improvements in the aggregate sum of $45316.200.

Many of the items listed have been presented several times before. Certainly not all of the requests will be complied with this year. Almost desperate need exists in some areas

and a lot of money must be .spent if the iustitutions are to perform their obligations. The budget group will consider these matters, along with needs of all other State Institutions, during a series of conferences in September. Their attitude and reactions observed by your reporter as he sat in on the presentations indicates probability that less than one-third of the amount will be appprov-edprobably not more than $10 to $12 million.

Besides these five universities, the State maintains seven other four-year degree-granting colleges. For white students at Greenville, Boone and Cullowhee; for Negroes at Elizabeth City, Fayetteville and Winston-Salem; for Indians and whites at Pembroke. Your reporter expects to visit all these places and give you a composite and * breakdown In later stories.

COMPOSITE In considering the functions, enrollment, per student cost and other criteria at the several institutions, the budget folks are confronted in some Instances with necessity to compare orange an ba-nannas* maybe even to compare shoes and ships and sealing wax and cabbages and kings. There is evident sincerity of purpose on part of university administrators and bud-geteers to ,,avoiddup lication of effort. Soraib degree if duplication is unavoidable. Similar facilities must be maintained on ever campus. Engineering students at State College, home economics students at Woman's College and medical students at Chapel Hill must have the same foundation courses.

Comments of Chancellor W. B Aycock at Chapel Hill are pertinent on that point. He said the long range building program and curricula program there is designed to serve students who have nowhere else to gogradual# students in many fields, special courses for a limited number who desire them. To attain that goal the university must have some freshmen and other under classmen. It is essential to have some graduate students w'ho have come up through the mill on the campus. But growth should be in the higher levels. It may be advisable to stabilize freshmen and sophomore enrollment, and look to community and junior colleges to give that training.

A long step in that direction has been taken in the naming of a committee from all levels of State supported higher education to work out a plan of uniform admission tests and graduation requirements. Cooperation of church related and other non-tax colleges has been pcdged. Capital improvement request at State institutions are geared to effectuate this long range plan. The curricula study being conducted by the State Board of Education for public schools "is a phase of the same overall program.

The Duly Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday E.-itablished 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publishw

Entered at Post Offlot, OreenvlUe. N C m Moond class "#t matter.

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Th# A**ocl*ted Pre** i> exrhialveiy entitled to tise tor put^lettloB all new* dtp*tehe# credited to (t or not otherwiaa eredlted to this paper and Iw the Ineai new nub!lihed herein AH tiffhts of poWleatten of eperlal dlf>atehes here art atoo reservad

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All advert): itj| copy mu.l be received at least one dy befort pubJiraflon dato.

Actual construction will bcjgrin approximately January 1, 1961 with a target completion date of June 30, 1961.

During the construction of the facility it is ex* pected that there will be a maximum of thirty-five employees assigned tp the Greenville VOA plant. During the peak periods "of construction the contractor is expected to have over five hundred employees at the siteg. '

Under the present general plans the permanent staff should be on duty here approximately July 1, 1962. Of the some one hundred employees required for the operation of the facilities, about 85, in such widely separated categories as secretaries and clerk-typists, driver-mechanics, custodian-janitors, utility mePi^stock clerks, technical draftsmen, riggers, watchmen, electronics technicians and teletype operators will be hired locally, if qualified personnel are available.

The remaining employees will be management or supervisory personne, presently employed at the VOA headquarters in Washington or New York, or at VOA Relay Bases around the world, who will be reassigned to this area. Although these personnel may be permanently assigned, it is most likely that they will be assigned here on a rotating basis for two-year periods, then reassigned domestically or to a Foreign Service assignment at one of the world-wide VOA Overseas Relay bases.

Employees here will fall within two general categoriesCivil Service and Foreign Service. About fifteen positions which will be filled on a rotating basis, will be occupied by Foreign Service Staff Officers, many of whom have been with the VOA since iVs inception early in World War II, and have served at such far-flung posts as the Philippines, Ceylon, or Okinawa in the Far East, Munich, or Thessalonika in Europe, or Tangier, North Africa, and who are subject to assignment to an overseas post for two-year tours of duty then* home leave and return to post, transfer to another overseas post, or to the United States for a domestic assignment.

The Greenville VOA Plant, in its operating stage, will furnish employment to over one hundred persons, most of whom will have families with children of .school age. The total annual payroll will approximate three quarters of a million dollars, most of which will be spent with local merchants or in taxes. More than one million dollars will be spent annually by the . S. Government in the purchase of electrical power for the operation of the three plants, for telephone and radio program service, and for such incidentals as gasoline for the operation of official motor vehicles.

New families coming into the area will be average American families, anxious to participate in community civic and religious activities.. They will probably live in some community in the general Greenville area, based upon personal preference, availability of desirable housing, cultural, civic or recreational activities, or upon convenience of transportation to their assigned duty sites. Personnel assigned here on a temporary basis will probably wish to rent homes; those assigned on a permanent basis will probably desire to purchase homes.

Adequate housing for such an influx of new families does not appear to be available in Greenville or in any surrounding community within reasonable commuting distance of Greenville. We are pleased that meetings, for the purpose of discussing and planning additional housing, have been held in at least one community, although there h?s been no evidence of appreciable tangible results. It is to be hoped that adequate and desirable housing will be available upon the arrival of theese new families, who will add ap-precibly to the economy of this area and to the community in which they may live.

Campaigner Off To Rouah Star

8y ALVIN TAYLOR

SyttdtMU, tae. i

Notes Found On A Cuf:

Recalling the vice president who said: "What this country needs is a good five cent cigar," some office wag came up with the comment; "What this country needs is a good five cent vice president."

That would rule out Rockefeller.

And weve also heard somewhere, What this country needs is a good five cent nickel,

Speaking of five cent nickels. Im glad to find there is still a five cent ice cream cone left in the world.

I bought one the other day. It was right tasty in this time of six cent soft drinks, and ten cent cups of coffee.

died down in Los Angeles and the Democrats have scattered across the nation.

But all is not lost. Soon the TV cameras, microphones, reporters and, oh yes, the delegates will stream into Chicago where It will all begin again.

This time it will be the Republicans who are chasing the favorite television programs off the screen.

Wonder if Truman will boycott this one?

ing breakfast on a campfire.

The AP concludes: They were gwnewhat put out.

Politics hits a midsummer lull at this particular point.

The shouting and cussing have

And from the Associated Press wire comes a story of a zealcms fire fighter.

Seems that in British Columbia a weary pilot flying forest fire patrol spotted a wisp of smoke and the flicker of flame in the bush below. Whoosh! he loosed 100 gallons of water. It drenched four British Columbia Forest Service employes who were cook-

Other Editors Saying le Best Tradition

m

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) The 1960 presidential campaign will be the roughest and toughest in years. It has already started that way. ^

In his acceptance speech Friday night Sen. John P. Kennedy, the Democratic Presidential candidate, could have been strictly noble, leaving the gunplay till later.

Instead, he used the first speech of his campaign to make a savage attack on Vice Pre.si-dent Richard M. Nixon, who almost certainly will get the Republican presidential nomination next week.

It was like deliberately warning Nixon he was in for a bad time. Kennedy, who acts cool, is a tough young man as he showed in his determined and successful effort to get the Democratic nomination.

His attack on Nixon was a shocker to newsmen who are used to the antics and tactics of politicians, not because it happened, since that was to be expected some time, but because It happened so early in the cam-paicn.

Nixon hlinsclf knows what playing rough means. He has played so rough in the past that some Democrats, and none more than former President Truman, despise him.

Then there's Sen. Lyndon B. John.son. Kennedys running mate for the vice presidency. Johnson is no patsy, either. He got rough on Kennedy-some ireoplc thought too roughbefore the Ma,vachusets senator beat him for the No. 1 place on the ticket.

Knowing johhson. as this writer does, it seems sale to say he wont pull any punches, particularly on Nixon, who has i'.iven the Democrats .such a iii-.iwny oing over so many tunes III the pa t kl\fT siore the 19%4 conirts-lionil Cdmpai^n, when Ins laetic.s left scars which still In-luriate the Democrats, Nixon has l)rru a fairly resti aincd campaigner. The DcmiKrats refer

sneeringly to the post1954

Nixon as the "new Nixon.

Its doubtful Nixon will be able to restrain himself this year if the Democrats go for his throat as Kennedy did when last Friday he spoke of the vice president as sometimes showing "charity toward none and malice for all."

Kennedy said that before Nixon starts dealing in this campaign, someone had "better cut the cars. The fact that Kennedy didnt have to do this kind of thing so early in the campaign, but chose to. is a pretty good indication he v/ill try to chop the Republican candidate to bits.

The Democrats treatment of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and 1936 was fairly mild for a campaign. But they had to be careful since Eisenhower was a highly popular war hero.

Nixon doesnt enjoy such broad affection If only because, like Kennedy, he didnt have the same wartime distinction.

Some of the ammunition Nixon used against Democrats in the pastby playing on public fear that Communists might be infiltrating the government has pretty well dried up. Communists in-government is hardly an issue In 1960.

For Instance, in 19.54 he said the Communists were fighting hard for an anti-Eisenhower Congresswhich could only mean a Democratic Congress because, he said, many Democratic candidates belonged to a left-wing clique which "tolerated a Communist consptracy.

Fgjil M. Butler, then chairman of the Democratic National Committee. said Nixon was implying the Democrats wre traitors.

This year Nixon can hardly suggest the two wealthy Democratic candidatesKennedy, a Roman Catholic, and John.son, a 'IVxa.s Coiiyei valive have any

- fur (OitUllUllr ('

VVitai he Will piutidbly uy to do la puke holes in the Kennedy-Johiusoii voting records. Theyll certainly Iry to do that to him. But that will be only the starliiiii point. I

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

It is always interesting to hear an opinion from an outsider in regard to the American people, and particularly about their politics. This is especially true in an election year, when politics'and candidates are the major subject of the day. It ha* always been baffling to foreignersthis American political rat race. The truth of the matter is, its also baffling to many Americans.

Dr, Nicholas Nyaradl, former minister of finance of Hungary, and now director of the Institute of International Studies kt Bradley University, offers some incisive views on America today. He told a gathering of the Southern Industrial Relations Conference several days ago that during this election year the adult population of the U.S. divides itself into three groups. First, the voters, then the nonvoters and then the candidates.

The voters will have only one thing in mindhow to live better and how to work less. The non-voter* will want to disregard politics and say, "go ahead with business as usual, with TV viewing as usual and

with spectator sports as usual." And the candidates will only

have one aim: to sway the members of the first group to vote for them and to get the

members of the second group to the polling places.

To do this, the candidates

will .assume be Influenced only by promising them that the American people are like a

bunch of immature, spoiled youngsters who can be Influenced only by promising them more candy and more ice cream. "Thats why well hear from the one side promises of more peace and prosperity and from the other side for less taxes and more giveaways. commented Dr. Nyaradi. "But while the din of politicking goes on, the real problems that face the people tower above them.

If the American people continue to recive tranquilizlng drugs and happiness pills instead of truth serum then the time will come when all that will be left for us will be blood, sweat and tears. Dr. Nayaradi believes. His Immediate concern was the Communist conspiracy, but his real theme was the threat that lurks on the horizon for America: activity, cynicism. lack of faith in America In Its government, its tradl-tons, its tenets.

The candidates preach against their opponents. But the serious inroads againat our society do not come irwn administrations, past or present, so much as from the people themselves. Those watching the Democratic national coovntion on television saw evidence of this. No one bothered to listen to the speakers. Orderly procedure went by the boards on many occasions. The whole affair dissolved into a rabble. Yet thats supposed to be traditional American politics at its best. We shudder to think of it at Its worst.

And. in case anybodys interested, it was 87 years ago this week that Jesse James pulled his first train robtry.

Jesse hit his first train at Adair. Iowa and escaped with $3.000 in loot. This happened on July 21. 1873.

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

DONE IN THE RIGHT WAY

Years ago Toscanini sat be-fwe a loud speaker listening to an orchestral concert which was being broadcast. The orchestra was playing number which Toscanini had led hundreds of times. He knew every note. Suddenly Toscanini winced. No one else was conscious that anything had happened, but Toscanini knew that something had gone wrong and he knew precisely what that something was. One of the clarinet players had flatted on a note.. Toscanini, hundreds of miles away, heard this and winced.

As soon as possible he went to the conductor of the orchestra. Yes. the conductor admitted, the clarinetist had flatted on a note. Then Toscanini asked to see the musician. The clarinet player proved to be a young man and, when he heard that the conductor and Toscanini wanted to *ee him. he realized that he was in trouble.

Toscanini explained how distinctly he had heard the flat note. "You are an excellent technician, he said, "but the trouble is that the music comes out of your fingers and your mouth, not out of your soul. There is no heart in your music." Then in a moat kindly fashion he explained to the young man what he lacked and how he could overcome his lack.

The end of the story is pleasant indeed. The clarinetist who had made a slight mistake which nobody but Toscanini and the conductor were aware of turned out to be one of the best performers of his generation. And always he looked back in gratitude to the man who not only pointed out his mistakes but who; in a spirit of brotherly love, even parental affection, showed him how to overcome his inadequacies.

Youth welcomes counsel provided it is given in a spirit of love.

Golden Oratory "s Gone

By GEORGE E. S0K0L8KY Copyright, 1W8, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

One thing about the Democratic Convention: oratory

seems to be dead. Net one orator appeared on the rostrum. Not one speaker showered the spectators with wit, humor, pathos, flights of language or flights of thought. There was no William Jennings Bryan; there was no Bourke Cockran. The silver tongues had become base metal.

It was anticipated that Senator Prank Church would deliver such a keynote speech as would make the rafters ring. Nothing rang. Also there were no rafters. Perhaps the microphones kill the voice. Edmimd.Burke had no* microphone, yet his oratory lives forever; Patrick Henry spoke without a television audience: Daniel Webster needed no director to tell him when to come on and go off. Senator Church employed polished gestures. but no convincing ones. All this throwing arms up above the head, a sort of political symbol which everybody seems to use these days, looks ridiculous on television. I notice prize fighters do it too.

Jack OBraln. the TV. expert, makes the point that Senator Churchs speech was too long. No speech Is too long or too short. It is either gripping, startling, sustained, noble, interesting. exciting or it is duU^ The speeches were dull. A two minute speech can be dull; a two hour speech could be brilliant and charming.

The microphone does something to the female voice that i* horrendous. That is not so with professional actresses- When they speak their parts, they sound as they should. But when a female political orator rises to the microphone, her voice goes into octaves to which the hmnan ear Is unaccustomed. Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt has had enormous experience as a speaker. In fact, if one were to have to give her a professional designation, it would have to be "speaker." Yet. when she rose to second Adlai Stevenson, despite the fact that she was not a delegate, her voice, as it came over television, was forced and noisy. When otherwise occupied. Mrs. Roosevelts voice seems normal. No dulcet tones hers, to charm the cigar smoking delegates. She sounded like an angry mamma scolding a family of Juvenile delinquents.

The nominators and seconders were astonishing. The shortest of them was Sam Rayburn who had his say and let it go at that . He made no pretensions at oratory. Some of the others felt that they had to reach stentorian climaxes with each phrase. I should imagine that the most ridiculous clap-trappy sort of street corner harangue was delivered by Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota when he was engaged in attempting to resurrect the dead. His nomination of Adlai Stevenson, spoken not to the delegates but to the motley crew that worked its way into the convention hall for a Blitz which died aborning, lacked both form and content. It was hysterical. He does much better in the halls of Congress-

If the conventions are going to permit television to expose them, they will have to adopt new devices. Oratory is a glorious art. It is designed to make were act psychologically as music. The true orator must havi language, voice and gesture a combination that eats into the mind and soul of a listener. Those who may have had an opportunity to hear William Jennings Bryan apeak his "Cross of Gold" speech, or Orson Welles do the Marc Antony speech over Caesars body can have a measure of oratory.

Some politicians believe that they can touch the human soul or wash the mind by shouting, getting red in the face and swinging their arms. The microphone reaists shouting: television pales the face and arm-swinging is cut out of the picture. What comes over is a big. open mouth over an extended chin and a voice that is metallic and tenoirsh. No orator was ever a tenor.

Thus far I have referred only to form. As for content, what can be said? Even the commentators. who speak English professionally every day, had io admit that Governor Collins of Florida spoke a more correct (Continued on page 6>

Developments In Business

By ELMER RLESSNER Things that affect business are as curious as they are various. Here ar strange new developments in the world of commerce:

Forty million families now save trading stamps, says the Trading Stamp Institute, . . While other consumer credit is skyrocketing, loans for college education are piddling, according to Education Funds, Inc- . . Times may be better than we know: fewer failures of apparel, accessory, dry goods and general merchandise stores were reported by Dun It Brad-fireet in the first half of this year than in the same 1939 period.

For the first lime In history,. Japan is imporling red suliiiwii. h um the I' .S.

Bitiivl) car manufacturtrs have double trouble. American cumpacts are cutting into U.S. sales and new credit re.sliic-Mon.i arc holding down rinnie.s-tic sale*. . .WJhipu a temporary

school at New Riclunond, Wis. was no longer needed, a local builder converted it into apartmentsand then rented it to teachers. , .Germans are smoking more cigarettes; sales last year were up 8 per cent.

FOR CANDIED CHERRY FANCIERS

French glace cherries are slightly above last years pio-ductlon, , .Wardrobes of non-woven fabrics, to be thrown away when .soiled, will appear m 1962. predicts the Insider* Newsletter. . , .Massachusetts stock insurance ccmpames paid an average of 36.1 per cent in commission* on homewners* pollcie. last year. Right, 38.8 per cent.

Many union* now demand, mriuheri be eseiiipl fruiii lie*, delerlor (eti*.

A Niirili t'aroUna drive in ad-vertlsea: "Two Featurei on the theory that romantic couples dont care whats playing, but do want to know how inurh tune they have. . .A new Fed

eral tax cut: A bill in Congress will give charitable deductions up to $50 a month to taxpayer* who board nonrelated children aponsored by approved charitlea. . .Children pay up as well as adults, says the National Foundation lor Consumer Credit regarding $.50 revolv-ing-credil for teen-agers 4.7 MILLION Bi;.SlNK8Sf:S At the start of the year, there were 4.659,000 businesses in the U.S., 188,000 more than (our year* ago. . .Many of them werj papa-and-momma businesses. . Almost 20,000.000 pounds of Australian and Ntw Zealand froztn beef and lamb are on ships headed for Ame^ lean ports.

The decline of the brilliant, sporl shirt to linked to a drop, in nieni aecetsity to boait of tUflr loasfiuiinlty, tay* ono rotearcb organiaatlun Several supermarkets with "turn back to clock" stunts. In which employees wore old-fa.h-ioiied clothes and cracker

barrels were displayed, boomed buslnet* for supermarkets n various aectlons of the country. . . . Uruguay'! simflower seed crop is 65 per cent higher than a year ago. . . . The three-year uptrend In Irelands chocolata crumb production is continuing, the Foreign Agricultural Service reports. Chocolaje crumb .S a concoction of cocoa, nitlk and sugar.

DEBT IN,SURANCE PKKM* lUMS DOUBLY NONDEDUCT-IBLE When ptopla buy or borrow monoy thw# dAys, they tr oft*n raquired to taJt# out insurance to cover me balance. to protect the creditor m event of death. And in some ra.ses, the debtor is reqnir-ad to carry Insurance on the criJ.tora lift, o h e prompt saitltmint with the heirs In case the lender dies.

But In neither case are the prcmtum.s rieductlhlr, according to a Tax Court ruling.