rAOB rotTHE DAILY lErLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Monday, *>

Ho:]ay, July 4, 1960

The Careful Father

1776 Marked Only The Beginning

Independence Day, 1960, should have a special meaninit for Americana who have seen international tension^row during the past year, and the free world threatened in every section of the globe by the aggres-ive communist ideology.

It should have a special meaning to Americans who have seen the safety and soveriegnty of the Western Hemispheric nations threatened with the festering sore of the Red tide now firmly entrenched in Cuba, ready to spread throughout Central and South America.

their

Independence Day for those Americans who took ir lives into their own hands with the declaration

on July 4, 1776, represented not the end of struggles, but rather the beginning of hardship and sacrifice for the principles of democracy in which they so fervently believed. In the generations which have followed, those who have taken up the torch of liberty and democracy have likewise been called upon to struggle, pacrifice, heed the call to baltl:.

The day has not yet come when those who love liberty can sit back and enjoy it, confident it is well established and without threat from those groups which would destroy national and personal freedom in the world.

The struggle which began in 1776 for an ideal continues today. At stake is the world and its billions of people; not just a handful of displaced persons who escaped oppression to face greater hardships as they hacked colonies out of a vast wilderness. The battle,

then as now, is not solely for territory in terms of geography or square miles; but rather a battle for men's minds. Truth, decency, liberty and self-determination of peoples are the fundamental weapons \vith which the struggle must be fought. To supplement these weapons now we have nuclear weapdns instead of muskets; faster-than-sound rockets rather than sailing vessels and a world in which nations are infinitely closer together in terms of time than the colonies were on the fii*st Independence Day.

Freedom has never been won by a people who were not willing to fight for it. It has never been retained by a nation which was unwilling to make sacrifices without limit for that in which it believed. And the price of winning freedomthough it appears enormous at that juncture in historyis merely a down payment on the cost of retaining it.

This Independence Day freedom and democracy face one of their greatest threats in history. More people than in any other generation live under the banner of liberty and democracy, and yet more than half the world does not know what it is to be part of a free society, not subjected to the whjms, selfish aims and dictatorial powers of tyrrany.

Independence Day 1960 is indeed a day for taking stock; a day for considering our own responsibility for passing this priceless freedom on to those yet unborn. On Independence Day 1960, are the people of this nation keeping faith with this handful of almost two centuries ago who pledged to Its ideals their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor?

iandicaD Due

3ig Casualties

Redevelopment Study Looks To The Future

B LYNN MSBET

SPEAKRfiHIP The high rate of legislative casualties in the recent prinianes makes it necessary for Joe Hunt tn go back over the field in recruiting support in his campaign for Speaker o the 1961 House of Representatives, The situation has seme compensating features-While the primary knocked out S lot of men who had pledged their support for him, it also eliminated nearly all potential competition. Presently It looks like the Guilford man will move into the Speakers chair without opposition. The loss of so many oxperienced men increases the problem of getting efficient working committees.

PRESIDENT PROTEM On the Senate side the problem of wmmittee assignments will be Jess troublesome. Most of the casualties from last session were due to rotation agreements or failure of incumbents to seek re-election. not to primary defeats, and many of the replacements are experienced legislators. Li? Gov. Cloyd Philpott, as president of the Senate, is making progress on selections. He- is faced with less prospect of member-ahip loss due to the November election than is likely in the House.

Sens. Lunsford Crew of Halifax and Wills Hancock of Gran villc are avowed candidates for Uie post of President Pro tern. Crew claims more than enough Cemmitments to assure his election. Hancock has some pledges, but he was not sure he would be eligible to come to the Swiate this time until a rotation plan was adjusted in late January after a number of commitments had been made to Crew- Whether the race will go to the caucus will depend upon developments from here out. As of now it appears very doubtful.

ORGANIZATION It looks pow like the 1961 General As-gembly may be organized in an atmosphere of harmony, as contrasted with the 1959 session when heated contests developed both for Speaker and President pro tern. A new Governor has more influence than one who haa served through one or more legialative sessions in the selection of officers and committee assignments. Theoretically the Governor has nothing to do with legislative organization. In practice through the years he has acquired considerable influence.

Perhapa the outstanding illustration was the IMI sas-sion. Until after the 1940 primary George Uzzell of Rowan appeared to have a lock on the speakership, almost as tight as Joe Hunt seenw to have now. Then Odus Mull of Cleveland moved in with an active campaign ducing the fall month.s,

JhiIIP' mill III a.

W'ith obvious support of Gov-emor-nominate J M. Broughton. The Uzzell strength crumbled to such extent that he withdrew his name from consideration by the caucus, and MuU was elected unanimously.

U2a5ell made another try in 1945, was defeated in the caucus balloting by Oscar Richardson of Union, who obviously had the backing of Governor-elect Gregg Cherry. He announced his candidacy for Speaker again, in 1927, but withdrew before the Legislature convened in favor of Kemp Doughton of Alleghany, understood to be the favorite of Governor Luther Hodges, who had just been elected for a full term in his own right after serving two years following the death of Governor Umstead. i

The eat-west alternation plan 1* honored more in the selection of Speaker and President proterri than w'ith respect to popular elective office.s of Governor, Lieutenant Governor and U. S. Senator. The 1961 Speaker Ls due to come from the west, the President pro tern from the east.

MID-TERM Governors have had less influence in the second ' Idgislatures of their terms than in the first. It was common knowledge that Governor Kerr Scott preferred Pred Royster of Vance over Frank Taylor nf Wayne for Speaker in 1951, but Taylor was elected, Emphatic insistence by Governor Luther Hodges that he was entirely neutral In the 1959 race failed to change opinion that he pi*eferred Carl Ventera of Onslow over Addison Hewlett of New Hanover and Hewlett was elected.

There is no evidence now that Governor-nominated Terry Sanford will take a hand in the legislative election next February. Nor is there any reason to believe he objecU to Joe Hunt as Speaker. If he should decide to throw his weight around as Broughton did in I94l he could upset the Hunt apple cart,

LONG RANGE Opinion widely prevails that the new day predicted by Sanford during his campaign will bring more changes in dominant control of the Democratic party than in the continuing progress of North Carolina. Distinction between the two concepts is somewhat difficult to define, but it is there. Despite several switches in party dominance, the forward march of North Carolina has been steady since the turn of the century. Party factions gain cendancy and lose prestige, but the State moves on to better thinas.

Most observers agree that a new group is taking over control of the Democratic party, which means control of State government. The 1961 General Aiuiembly will to large degree determine the course (or the next 10 to 20 years. ___

In spite of the fact that Greenville has not finally committed itself to a program of urban renewal to improve some of the worst areas of the city, it is well that the Redevelopment Commission has decided to begin its work in earnest.

The study and planning work to be done by this local commission wdll be well worth the time, effort and money that is required. If, at,a later date, the city decides not to undertake a much-needed redevelopment program in certain areas of the city, we will be no worse off for having made the study.

On the other hand, the results of the study may well bring into sharper focus some of the more pres.s-ing needs for an active, long-range urban renewal program for Greenville.

It has been more than a year now since the City Council fir.st considered the possibility of an urban renewal program for Greenville. As was explained at the outset, the city would be able to study the problems, receive federal aid for carrying out the necessary studie.' and then make up its mind what to do before being finally committed to actually going in and cleaning up substandard area.s.

A number of OLher communities of comparable si/.e in Fastern North Carolina have undertaken urban renewal programs and arc well pleased with the results that have been realized in clearing out some of the worst residential areas. Substandard housing has been replaced with adequate facilities, and slum areas transformed into pleasant residential areas. There is every reason to believe that Greenville could also benefit by similar results from snch a program.

The local Redevelopment Commission has an important task before it as it begins planning for a program for Greenville. The study which is now beginning is worthy of the support of local citizens, for the information gained from it wdll be invaluable when the time comes for finally deciding whether slum clearance projects should be undertaken here.

Grea

1 ninas

Ahead'

4uf lit Sjiidictti, im

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

Old Ideas

ndermined

Copyright, 1960, King Featurei gyndicate. Inc.

The Fourth of July has become a pro forma holiday, it* origin being ta.ken for granted. Perhaps it is because we no longer have any orators. Most speeches sound as though they were manufactured in a speech factory. Oratory is of the heart and soul. Had Lincoln said: 97 years ago, the Founding Father* rhet in Philadelphia to write a document. the Gettysburg Address would not have lived in the memory of man as a master piece of the art of oratory. Nor would it have mattered much if Daniel Webster had said: We stand together or else.

In our time perhaps the only true orator is Winston Churchill but then he is only half American genetically and not at all

culturally. The finest American orator of this century remains William Jesnings Bryan who liad the advantage of a glorious voice and a finesse of gesture which is a valuable asset to the speaker. The best extemporaneous speech, in many year-s. was Everett Dirksens Don't Do That to Us speech at the Republican Convention of 1952 when Robert A. Taft was deprived of his nomination for the Presidency by the machinations of Governor Thomas E. Dewey and a Wall Street-Madison Avenue axis, but it was not great oratory of the style, let us say, of Edmund Burke or Bourke Cockran, the Tammany orator.

So the Fourth of July suffer* because it was customary on this occasion in every city and village of our country for young and old to foregather to listen

Other Editors Saying.

Anti-Trust Errors

eed Talks On

GrowthmanshiD

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By RALPH ROBEY

Vice President Nixon made a speech in St, Louts before the Junior Chamber of Commerce in which he spelled out in more detail than ever before his views on economic growth. It was a good brief analysts in its own right, but even mwe important it attempted to distinguish be-tw-een the thinking of Nixon and what he maintained is the opposition viewpoint. %

His first point was that everyone Is in favor of growththat this is a game which may well be called growthmanship but that equally significant is the kind of growth and how it is brought about.

Secondly, Mr, Nixon turned to the comparison of our growth rate with that of Ruuia, and such comparisons obviously rather annoy him. He thinks that we must never underestimate the fanatical purpose of Russia, but that it is Inaccurate and meaningless to use the Rus< Sian growth rate as a basis for appraising that of this nation. He cites three reasons for this: The vast difference in the economic advancement of the two nations; the basic and fundamental variation in philosophie.s of Russia and the United States; and the enormous difference in total production of the two nation* or the fact that Russia is only producing about 44 percent as much a.s we are; and that rate is not becoming smaller a.* the years pas.s and cannot be increased enough to overlske the United Slates during this century.

Next, t he Vice President turned to the proper function of sovernment in relation to grow'th. He listed .IX points on this:

1 Avoid as much as possible mlerference with decisions made in the private sector of tha-economy I. Pur.sue a sound fiscal policy and prevent inflation.

:j Ael vivoron.'.ly a/aiiL-^t fihn.M-.'i and eeuiioniic p.>wrr v.liuii hmdei tiiiiirncy biiI

fcjeater piudiaitiitv 4 Have a lax stnutnre which will not fniMiate new and creative enterprise.

5. Pursue economic policies atiruad which are compatible

with our domestic philosophy.

6. Prevent and correct wide swing.s in business activity by intelligent use of fiscal policies and sensible provision aganst wdespread unemployment.

Finally. Mr. Nixon summarized his belief as to the proper role of government in general, not just as related to economic growth. It is his view that where private enterprise cant or won't do the Job, government activity is not only justified but essential. But by government he emphasized he meant Federal, state and local. He also emphasized that * whenever we consider government spending, or government investment in the public sector, we must apply the test of whether the benefits will exceed the cost.

This particular Nixon speech was short and unquestionably we shall hear more from him on many of those points before the campaign is over. This is highly desirable because there is room for serious argument on some of the statements he made. To cite merely three examples; He polishes off the Russian com-pari.son a bit too easily: the use of fiscal policies to prevent and correct wide business variations smacks of compensatory spending (which doe.s not work*; and just what doe.* he mean when he speaks of private enternrise being unwilling to do a job?

Taken a.* a whole, however. 1< was an encouraging speech and it is to he hoped lliftt Mr. Nixon will give us mute of thenii

(News and Courier)

Ruth Knowles, writing In The Richmond News Leader, has pointed to the danger that zealots in the anti-trust division of the Justice Department may seriously damage American business. She notes that business has been subjected in the last few years to the greatest number of anti-trust charges in the entire 7 years of federal enforcement.

The Justice Department, Miss Knowles declares, is filled with brilliant young lawyers who have had no business experience but are dedicated to social and economic theories which, in essence, view the power of the countrys large corporations as representing a threat to the public interest.

Anti-trust laws are necessary, but as Miss Knowles states, they have been abused in recent years. They have been used to prevent merger of several unprofitable railroads into a single healthy railroad company that could provide better public service. The Du Pont Co., which created many new products of great utility to the public, was hounded in the courts for years because Du Pont stockholders had an interest in another nationally important enterpri.se, the General Motor.s Co. The United Fruit Co., a symbol of American free ent.crprise in Latin America, must divest itself of a large portion of its property because of an absurd antitrust decree. No change has been

made in the court decree though the communi.st front government of Cuba has confiscated the company's holdings there.

Many other examples of antitrust foolishness could be cited. The zealots who are grinding out cases against American corporations are crippling large enterprises which are the strength of the American free economy.

Paper (The Columbia State)

What is the criterion for a high standards of living, fine au-tomobije.s? Home swimming pools? Yachts? No. The aaswer is, Paper. The higher a nations standard of living, the more paper it consumes. The average American family uses a ton a year. Per capita annual use of paper in the United States is 417 pounds as compared with 1,')0 pounds In Denmark, one pound in Red- China and virtually none in Central Africa.

From the moment we acquire a birth certificate. says The Cyanamid Magazine, the great events of our lives are recorded on paper. We read from it, write on it, wrap things In it and carry things about in It. We use it to decorate our homes and keep them clean. We receive most of our education from word.* printed on paper. Love letters and wedding certificate* are made of paper. So is money

A nation is rated by the paper is uses, a man by the paper he reads.

to a reading of the Declaration of Independence and an address by an honored citizen to fit the occasion.

The reading of the Declaration of Independence made the fete almost a religious occasion because repetition of the same words becomes in the very nature of things, ritualistic. Every child of my generation, when he or she heard the words. When in the course of human events." what followed was known by heart.'And just as the repeated prayer, whether spoken in Hebrew. Latin, Greek or English, is always the same one, so the Declaration of Independence was always the same document, but It related us to God and eternity and made and preserved us a nation.

So we drank pink lemonade, shot off fire-crackers which came from distant Canton, bands played and everybody knew that he belonged. That was the point of itthe belonging. the being a part of som^ thing big and noble and important.

It was during the Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration that the minds of our young people were conditioned * to internationalismwe are all one people, not made by the Creator, but a product of an interplay of cells, genes, chromosomes, and all that kind of thing,, working casually. Thus, life itself Is an acoideni and everything that occurs in life is an accident. There is no cause; there is no purpose. That is right which succeeds; that which fails is wrong. And with such ideas, young people became very confused. Statistics replaced the moral law and when the statistics replaced truth, nothing was left but realitya very ugly condition at best.

For reality Is the making of what may become truth when corrected by law and decorated by idealism. Thus brick and mortar and the ugliness of steel beams are all of the essence of reality but none of It is what we call truth until they are put together In a beautiful building that stand* erect and noble and seems to reach heavenward. It takes much of the spirit and the mind to differentiate between reality and truth, but only the so-called Beatniks, the authentic one.s. are, in this generation, making a search for the definitions, Tbey do it with mvstii.ving language and external ugliness, bringing upon them.selves opprobrium but (Continued on page six)

By ROGER BABSON

Babson Park. Mass., - Whilt the paper* are adequately covering space developments such as clrclhig the moon, etc., I would like to come down to earth and tell you of some very wonderful things which are now under development. From my point of view, any one of these may be more important than sailing around the solar system.

CONTROL OF FUSION

Readers are acquainted with references to the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb. The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima had the explosive force of over 20,000 tons of TNT, whereas the old blockbusters had the force of only one ton. Yet the newer hydrogen bomba may have a thousand times the power of the atomic bomb. These arc important things to consider in connection with the posaibity of World War III. But in looking to the future, there is this difference: Atomic energy has already been harneased for the development of electricity; but no practical method has been found for har-nessing hydrogen energy for peace purpose*. Considering that hydrogen energy may be found in every Pond of water, while atomic energy can be se* cured only from uranium and similar substances, the industrial future is locked up in the discovery of means of safely harnessing hydrogen - energy, commonly produced by fusion. There also may theoretically be a third bomb which emits radiation that kills people but does not destroy property.

One of the worlds greatest miracles is how sunshine, air, water, and the minerals of the earth can directly develop corn, wheat, potatoes, spinach, and every other kind of vegetable. Today, we raise foods only by planting seeds, cultivating the sprouts, and waiting several weeks for maturity. Even then we eat only a small portion of the properties which have been used to develop a kernel of com. Surely some day the secret will be solved whereby this sunshine, air, water, and minerals will make food directly without the waste of farm land, human energy, and vegetable residue. This process is technically known as ayntheai.*.

Methods Of CommuDlcations

The time is coming when there will be no telephone wires on our streetspCommupl-cations will be by microwtve.s. The Bell Laboratories are already applying these waves to long - distance communications. Whether or not new methods of transporting electric power without wires will be developed, do not know. I am, however, certain that there will be a moat radical change in all means of communications, including radio, television, and other discoveries yet to come. Even now, antennae and vacuum tubes are no longer necessary to transmit unseen cVectrio waves through the walls of any home or factory.

Rearrangfng The Molecules

I am tremendously interested in the work of Dr. S W. Her-wald of the Research Department of Westinghouse Electric Corp. By the rearrangement of molecules, certain minerals Gallium, boron, phosphorus, arsenic, and other elements are used in these experiments. By rearrangements of molecules, strips of metal an eighth .of an inch wide and a few thousandths of an inch thick present great industrial potential.

Since the days of Sir Isaac Newton, physicists have been seeking a partial insulator of gravity. Our metallurgists have been watching for some alloy (millions of untried possible alloys exist) to act as such an insulator. It is now hoped that this will be accomplished by a rearrangement of the molecufls of some existing mineral. Such a discovery could well result in perpetual motion" for small irrigation pumps and other industrial uses without consumption of oil or electricity. I am confident that such a discovery will some day be announced by the Gravity Research Foundation of New Boston, N.H.

MACHINES WHICH THINK

If space permitted, I would like to discuss the new devel-(Continued on page six)

easing Proves^ Easy Way Out

Quote...

"Littlf w'Nider the fhliaial-phia Fderal Reserve Bank rails thla an age of debt. The laml-ly economic* bureau of the Northwe.siern Nuuonal LC In-^urjuce ('oinpuiiy liiuh (hut Aiiierudiis r(.(riveit $42 billiuti

hiMie vl iib)# UauiitV III

Utii in but ^\ca

only Hie aaiiif mount gs u#. fore-in other word*, their rate of leaving declined roughly from per cent In 7 j>cr cent. Chrillan Bdcnce Monitor.

By ELMER ROESSNER More than three-fourths of American industrial compaiiir.s lease some of their equipment and (host of them do it for reasons related to taxes, according tot survey by Mill & Factory magazine.

The survey, based on replies from 249 corporations, showed that 29 per cent lease capital equipment machines, trucks, computers, etc-Rea.sons given by those companies leasing were, in percentages;

Avod.s large initial outlay of capital 40

Payments deductibla for tax purpoaas 21

Chfap way to "itay mod* rn I*

Simpliflaa maintenance procedure 13

Equipment available only on

lease 6

Eiiuipmcnt iicrileil fur .sliurt tune only ?

Tlie large iniital outlay of caiittsl u relatad largelv tu tax laws, which make it tl* mant imposgible for corporations to accumulate capital for new equipmrnl.

Companic.s unable to build re

serves, must theref()re sell shares, diluting owneranip: borrow money or lease equipment. Leasing equipment prov des a complete and Immcdlalt deduction; lease payments art fully a cost of doing business; there is no struggle with complicated amortization formulas.

Those companies reporting that they leased because they deducted lease payments for tax purpase.s were indicating about the same reason. These two groups make 01 per cent of the total. II may be deduced that almost 18 per cent of all iirias find that tax rate* are shoving them out of the pur-rha.*e market and into the rental piiti'ket.

Those who *atd leasing provides a cheap way to stay modern may be assumed to be in fields where rapid technological advances are'being made. Tuday's vivclruutc cimiuulrr may he nuUv ukxuleit luhtur* luw; Cuiiipaiiies ti&tng them dp better rviitini tiian buyiuf. Uf t(iui.se. ifuder tax Jaws, a company can deduct lan.'^es on ma-, chine.* rmdcrcd suddi'nly ol>-snlctf. but it lo a lot ca.sler to let the lessor haggle wtlh the

Internal Revenue Bureau than the leasing corporation. So, in part tlii.s 18 per cent is also affected by tax laws. MAINTENANCE EASIER

The 13 per cent that said leasing simplifies maintenance procedure have sound reason, A firm with two or three trucks cannot possibly service them as cheaply as a truck-rental agency can, 'The same reasoning applies to companies requiring t few teletype machines, electronic computers and other complicated devkea.

' Execailve mithcmiUcs Involved are simple. It involved answer.* to the implg question; Is the premium on leasing lass than the cost of coptrac^tlni maintenance or psytng for our

own service department? If the answer is yes, leasing is cheaper.

Those compnnic.* saying that the cquipmvnl was available unly oil lt-Lig iwlikii is true of ..pcciaiizrd machinery and advanced (ontpuurs; were dealing With a stern reality. And those who .aid the equlpifient \va.* ncodcd for ju*t a .short time wcic rxerclsing good, simple businese judgmeat.

The survey indicated that office machines t3l per cent*, transportation equipment (23 per cent), materials handling equipment (18 per cent) and machina tool* 117 per cent) were most commonly leased Of these leasing, only 14 per cent said they expected to lease less equipment in the future. The others said they would lease as much or more.

DISTILLED BEVERAGE NEWS DEPARTMENT Liquor distillers national advertising in daily newspapers was 13 per cent higher in the first quarter of this year thgn In the comparable pri()d in 1999, Media Rtcerds fouad in a study fer the Bureau of Advar-tisin* and the American New paper Publlihers Association.

And speaking of liquor, it will be just 2U yvajs ago on Sep-ivinber 'JJ Uiat Lord Gt-offrey Aiidiosl, biviiif Uken over tin* rule of Canada from tn French, authorized the sale, of alcoholic beverages there. Put R note on yonr calendar to commemorate the day appropriately.

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