FACE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C.

Tuesday, June 28, 1960

Tuesday, June 28, 1960

Vote For Moderation, Progress

Aside from the fact that Terry Sanford will be form used the central theme of continued progress, the governor of North Carolina for the next four better schools and increased economic gains, was the years, many meanings and interpretations are being more liberal of the two candidates. Lake, on the other drawn from the outcome of the Sanford-Lake cam- hand, pointed to the need for some improvements, but

asserted the fiscal condition of the state, without new

It was, to be sure, one of the most hotly contest- ii'creased faxes, must govern the amount of pro-ed and perhaps the most bitter gubernatorial cam- 8ress that could be made.

paign ever waged in North Carolina. More than any These t^o basic differences gained the principal

other major political campaign in the state in recent attention of Ime two candidates and the voters during

decades, it revolved around the racial issue and made run-off. There were other factors, to be sure, but

that issue one of the focal points of the campaign. they \vere completely subordinated to the school and

Dr. Lake was presented as a last-ditch segrega- Dscal issues. ^

tionist who vowed he w^ould create in North Carolina . Saturdays vote thrust upon Terry Sanford the

a climate to prevent integration of any public schools; f^'c^^^ciiaous responsibility of leading the state as its

but he carefully pointed out his love for public schools ^^^^ernor during the next four years. It was an ex-

and asserted that only the people of the state could f voters confidence in his ability to lead

even close any school. Sanford likewise asserted his fh new day of which he frequently

spoke during the campaign.

The outcome of Saturdays primary was also a

vote of confidence in the moderate position North

Carolina has taken in handling its school problems. It

likewise reflects a majority sentiment that North

Caplina must continue a positive program of progress

if it is to meet the needs of its people.

Status

IF VO STFsiSC ^ TEENF^GE RIABLE;'

^ yoo'fte JUST iJUVEKILE H06LIA6-

belief in the system of segregated schools, but took his stand with the more moderate position North Carolina has followed in handling school integration problems.

Another focal point of the campaign was the course to be followed in framing the states fiscal policies for the next four years. Sanford, whose plat-

Statutes

Wit

ueaiina ***

Lyeuuiiy Should Be

Strength

Greater

tn Electors

By LYNN NISBET FLUNKED Yes. youre right. This reporter flunked his math lesson the other day. Sanfords votes in the first primary cost a little over 32 cents apiece, not Uie $3.24 quoted, on basis of reported spending. Similar errors occurred in listing the vote costs of oOiw candidates. Apologies to all concerned. Although from fifth grade until now long division and decimal points have bothered me, there really was no excuse for the bauble in the vote costs.

ELECTORS Rep. Carl T. Durham has resigned as Democratic nwninee for presidential elector from the sixth congressional district. He wais nominated by his district's delegates to the recent state convention without his knowledge or consent. Soon thereafter he let it be known he wanted to finish out his term in the Congress, which runs until January 3, 1%1. If he should take the oath as an elector his seat in Congress would be vacated, pi fact, he might have to resign from Congress before qualifying as an elector. The Constitution of the United States clearly sets out that no Senator or Representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States shall be appointed an elector.

Durhams resignation as a candidate affords oppwtunity for the State Democratic Executive Committee to name a replacement on the list to be filed with the secretary of state before the November election. If he did not resign and was elected, then declined to serve, the other 13 elecUM-s would have to fill the vacancy at their meeting on December 19 to cast their votes for President and Vice President of the United States.

The statutes iwovidc for the electors to meet at Raleigh on the first MMiday after the second Wednesday in December following their electiMi. It is further set out that any elector failing to attend at the time and place directed, except in case of sickness or other unavoidable accident, shall "forfeit and pay to the state five hundred dollars, to be recovered by the attorney general. . Those who do attend get $10 a day and five cents a mile travel expenses.

NO SPLIT There is no way for the North Carolina electoral vote to be split, as is the case in some other states. Prior to 1936 the nsumes of electors appeared on the ballot and when elected they had Independent choice In voUng for president and vice president. They were bound only by the implied moral obligation to vote for their partys candidates. In 1933 the law was changed to provide for printing the names of the party* nominees on the ballot, and a vote for such candidates shall be a vote for the electors of the party by which such candidates were named and whose names have been filed with the secre

tary of state.

Since ratification of that act neither the voters nor the electors can divide their support. It is all or nothing for one party. The 1933 Legislature also, for the first time, defined and set up rules for political party recognition, eligible to have names of candidates printed on official ballots. Write-in votes are permissible in any general election. but rarely accomplish anything.

PARTIES North Carolina recognizes any political party which in the last preceding general electiwn polled as much as three percent of the total vote for governor or presidential electors. A new party can be authorized upon peUtion of at least 10,000 voters pledging to support its candidates, which petition must be presented to the State board of elections at least 90 days before the general election.

Thre has never been any question about the regular Democratic and Republican parties qualifying under these provisions. Two new parties qualified In 1948the States Rights party with Strom Thurmond and the Independent Socialist party with Henry Wallace as presidential candidates.

SHORT LIVED Neither of the new parties survived the 1948 election. The Wallace group polled only 3,915 votes far less than the number of petitioners required to pledge support, and less than three percent of the total vote cast. The Thurmond group polled 69,652 nearly nine percent of the total and enough to keep it alive; but it failed to produce a ticket in 1952 and so lost status as a political party.

Unless some group comes up with a petition signed by 10,000 or more voters by the first week in August, the only presidential candidates on the November ballots will the regular Democratic and Republican party nominees.

PLURALITY In most elections. and all primaries, a majority of the popular vote is necessary for nomination or election. When it comes to the presi- > dency a plurality of the popular vote carries full strength of the state. That rules has never been of consequence in North Carolina. For almost 100 years, except in 1928, North Carolina voters have given a clear majority to the Democratic candidate for president. The states electoral vote in 1928 went to Republican Herbert Hoover over Demo-craft A1 Smith by a margin of 62,696 in the popular voting.

Next time, in 1932, the Democratic majority for Franklin Roosevelt was 189,000, The Democratic majority in 1936 went up 'to 393,000 and in 1940 reached the all time high of

396.000. Then it began to decline. The majority in 1944. was

264.000. In 1948, because of the Thurmond and Wallace inroads, it dropped to 72,000. It went up again in 1952 to 85,000 and dropped to the danger point of only 16,000 In 1956.

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After falling far short of a record vote in the first primary, Pitt County voters followed the pattern of the state Saturday so far as election-day turnout was concerned and set a new record for a second primary vote last Saturday.

Even so, the percentage of Pitt Countians who returned to the polls to cast their ballots in the second primary was below the state average.

In the first primary May 28, some 12,500 Pitt voters went to the polls while the state set a new primary record with more than 650,000 votes cast. nOXf QP'KTT Pitts vote in the first primary was considerably below ^ LJUIN OL/nLilJLlMZi

the number that had been predicted, and certainly did not follow the pattern of heavy voting that pre vailed over most of the state.

Saturday, the state-wide election figures indicated some 93 per cent of those who voted in the first thought you

primary a month ago returaed to cast ballpts in the "out 0^.^ second primary. In Pitt, which cast 10,500 votes Sat- trees. . xeasonably big trees, urday, the figure was approximately 83 per cent of

the first nrimarv vnfp scattered; most of them on the

me iirst primary vote. subdivision.

As a general rule in recent years, the percentage pretty evident that not so

of registered voters casting their ballots in Pitt County very long ago the land was

has compared very favorably with that of other coun- croS of o Sid or mS*

ties around the state. In this election year, however, and farm land with trees hither while the state as a whole is having a heavy turnout y ^ tobacco rows or of voters, the percentage of Pitt voters going to the ooro*i'U--

polls IS not up to that in other counties and other areas, tical.

Pitt Countys voting strength should be consider- medium-afeed trees

ably heavier than indicated by the ballots in either the first or the second primary this year. How does one account for the apparent change in the voting

habits of Pitt Countians? Have the people of the ^ .

county lost some of their enthusiasm for going to the lliH Xo

polls on election day?

Having gone through two Democratic primaries this year so far, it will be interesting to see what per-

ccntage of Pitt voters turn out for the presidential aid' wMe

election in November compared with other counties vacauoniand and wiule

and the state as a whole. Pitt occupies a strategic position politically in North Carolina in both the Democratic primaries and in the general election.

Whether the position Pitt occupies increases or decreases in importance will depend to a great extent

on whether the registered voters of the county turn ,%dTy'Xr'e'eoJf out in larger numbers or smaller numbers in future ing here, elections.

Making A Future Forest

to be found within the cleared oval of the now residential area were allowed to remain in bygone days because they were at the unused junctures of various fields.

Because it is all quite flat land it lent itself to easy cultivation (I presume, because I wasnt here then).

Now the area is pretty well taken up by streets and houses.

FeWp.^ . .almost none. . .of the streets have those scattered trees bordering them. It isnt like some of the old steets in other parts of GreenvUle where

Other Editors Saying.

business

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

While North Carolina is being

many thousands of tourists are being attracted to this state annually to spend their vacA^ tions, there is little that this immediate section of the Old North State has to offer, hence

Damaging Blow

D

i Feace riooes

By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER

WASHINGTON (AP) Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev dealt a damaging new blow to world peace hopes In breaking off the East-West disarmament conference at Geneva.

A major purpose of his action clearly is to put fresh pressure on the United States and its aUies to yield to Soviet views on disarmament and cut their demands fpr an ironclad policing.

He probably hopt^s, by Increasing anxiety on the VVest-ern side, to split the allies; Britain generally has been more willing than the United States or France to meet Soviet demands with concessions.

But perhaps the most striking aspect of Khrushehevs move is the calculated contempt it shows for the United States. He pulled his representative Valeran Zorin, out of the meeting along with Red satellite delegations at a time when it was obvious U.S. Delegate Frederick M. Eaton was aoout to introduce a revised Western plan.

Eaton and his associates in the Slate Department, as well as his allies in Geneva, were caught by surprise. They had reckoned Zorin would not dare leave the 10 - nation conference until after hearing the new modified program developed in Washington last week and cleared on the weekend with the allies.

Khrushchev apparently Is more determined even than previously realized here to press his campaign to discredit President Eisenhower in the wake of the U2 spy plane case and the Paris summit conference collapse. Thus he d^dains to have his* own envoy at Gev-eva even wait to hear what Eisenhowers ambassador has to say.

Moreover he apparently Judges that the relative prestige of the Soviet Union has gone up and that of the United States gone down so that he can get away with such high-handed behavior. On this point Khrushchev may have misjudged the situation: certainly he could

easily overplay his hand by

crudely offending world peace

hopes in his relentless drive to build up Russias power position.

The Soviet action apparently puts an end to any hope whatever of checking the nuclear arms race for at least a year.

The move had been foreseen by U.S. and Allied offficials although It came more quickly than they expected.

It could mean a further intensification of the cold war.

Zorin had repeatedly accused the United States and its allies of stalling.

He had insisted that they must accept the Soviet proposal as a basis for negotiations and had repeatedly refused himself to accept any Western proposition even for serious discussion.

Zorins attitude hardened after the disarmament talks resumed. They had recessed for the scheduled summit conference.

Zorins tactics led to* the belief here that Khrushchev intended to apply to Geneva negotiations the line he took in torpedoing the summit conferencethat it would not be possible to reach any agreement with the United States so long as Eisenhower is president.

No resumption of negotiations, therefore, can be foreseen until after the change in administrations next January ,and until an additional few nlonths during which a new U.sC executive and new secretary of state will fig-me out their policies all together, at least a year from now.

Collapse of the disarmament talks, which had been deadlocked from the moment they began, raises serious question as to whether negotiations among the United States. Britain and the -Soviet Union for a treaty banning nuclear weapons tests will not also be called off.

If that happens, it will raise one of the most serious problems of any of the series of crisies which has followed the failure of a U2 spy plane flight May 1. and the subsequent breakdown of U.S. - Soviet relations.

In his North Carolina Vacation Guide, Bill Sharpe, publisher of The State magazine and perhaps one who knows that North Carolina better than anyone lese, tries his best to say something enticing about Edgecombe and Nash counties as he sums up. county by county, the vacation attractions to be found in Tar Heelia. The best Mr. Sharpe can do for Edgecombe, however,..is to call attention te the Tarboro Town Common and a launching ramp on the Tar River at Tarboro. In Nash it is little better, as the , writer points hopefully to the faculties of Rocky Mounts Sunset Park and a fishing lake five mUes out.

Many wUl say, to be sure, that this area doesnt have the natural advantages that can be boasted by the mountain region, and theres no Atlantic Ocean here to provide the thrills that accompany a vacation at the seaside. However, in Mr. Sharpes guide as weU as in many guides furnished by the State and other agencies attention is being directed to attract the interest in something which is taking the country by stormcamping.

One needs only to visit or to real the reports from state and federal park services to be reminded of the multitude of visitors who are visiting these spots 'and enjojlng themselves in tented villages. Furthermore, not much is provided by the

host and not much is expected. The facilities include a minimum of a place to pitch a tent, drinking Water and restroom facilities. Additions to these faculties include a place to swim, go boating or skiing, fishing and hiking. Of course, other places offer more luxuries, such as hot and cold running water, shower baths, an outdoor pageant, horse - back riding, a place to do the family wash and dancing facilities.

In a talk before a civic club here during the week. Dr. Boone Grant, a Rocky Mount ph^ician who has learned to enjoy with his whole family the recreational advantages of camping trips, told of the many wholesome people met and the pleasures enjoyed whUe camping in many parts of the United States and Canada. He also told how Inexpensive a va-tion can be for a family which spends it this way. At the same time. Dr. Grant bemoaned the fact that the vacation guides are not able to point to any camping facilities in this immediate area.

Thus, one wonders if this section of Eastern Carolina couldnt win for itself many new friends and realize many advantages as well if more attention were devoted to this national pastime. Of course, no individual or community would expect to get rich off of a camping spot, but it goes without saying many, many advantages would be reaped in the long run from campers who would sing the praises of the area all over the country as they returned to their respective homes and influenced others to visit in the future. Camping could become an important industry for this area of Eastern Carolina if we would utilize streams, forests, fishing sites and nature troils to the best advantage.

old trees make a living arch of green over the streets er give scattered shade.

Like 80 many clusters of new homes, in what had been treeless fields, you get the impression of uiutiieltered rawness. It isnt just here. . .but wherever developers mushroom whole new communities or annexes thereto.

Now about the people who live In these treeless zones: what is the first thing they do on movmg in? They plant trees. They plant trees. stmieUmes, even befin-e their lawns are put in; and their enthusiasm runs away with them.

Shucks....weve planted a dozen trees on our lot; and we have some medium-slze trees well behind our house. And up and down the street, and on other streets, you see the same tree-planting frenzy.

One brand new homeowner has set out six or eight large (12-foot high) trees on his property.

Most of the tree-planting endeavours are on smaU scale; the trees are small, that is. Numerically, its fabulous. Ten trees (knee-high, or less) on a 70 by 150 foot lot, is nothing ex-traordinarj. Most of them are pine. ,

But look ahead twenty or thirty years.

It'll be a forest.

Youve heard the saying you cant see the trees for the forest, well, in years to ctHne it Will be "you cant see the houses for the trees.

Thats what I meant when I referred to living in a forest-to-be.

An article on a Personality Trait Study, dealing w'ith smokers, catches my eye.

This Institute of Psychiatry in London found a positive correlation between smoking or non-smoking habits and personality traits.

After observing 2,360 men. the Institute says heavy smokers are more extroverted than medium smokers, etc. (The details arent essential.)

But the poor former smoker (who, me?), the (me who has given It up. emerges as the most neurotic of all groups.

The question that arises is whether this neurosis exists before giving up tobacco, or is the result of giving up tobacco.

After 28 days of abstaining from my beloved pipes, frazzled nerves and wild impulses are certainly In evidence. Despite a continuing glow of physical well-being, the price comes high.

Too high.

Im smoking today; and there is tranquility and peace in the atmosphere that has been missing for a month.

aaan

And Her Folicies

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1960. King Featores Syndicate, Inc.

Prior to 1853, f<M- three centuries, Japan was completely isolated from the rest of the world, except for an annual trading visit of a Dutch ship. In 1853, Commod(e Matthew C. Perry of the United States Navy sailed into Yedo Bay and opened Japan to intematicmal trade and commerce. Japan was governed by a Shogun (a mayor of the palace), the Emperor being a deified nonentity. The United States supported the Emperor against the Shc^iun. In 1868, a revolution in Japanese government occurred; a Pailia-ment (the Diet) was established and a Catting responsible to the Diet came into existence. Com* missions were sent to every part of the world to study how other nations ctmducted themselves and many of the methods employed in other countritM. It is interesting to read a state-mmt of Japans development by Prince Ito who was the architect of the new Japan. He begins:

I have always been very much in favour of the adopticm of the principles of Western civilization by Japan, and I have been enabled to use my services in the direction of assisting the present progress and transformation in Japans estate, In the thirty-four years during which I have held office I have always tried to help, and sometimes even to force on to the antagonistic spirits, measures necessary for the growth of modem Japan, From the beginning we realized fuDy how necessary It was that the Japanese people should not only adopt Western methods, but should also speedily become competent to do without the aid of foreign instmction and supervision. . .

What Prince Ito accomplished after 1868 WaA that Japan became the first Great Fewer in modem Asia. In 1894'S, Japan challenged the autbcarity of C3il-na, fought a war. took PiMrmo-sa, became suzerain of Korea. In 1964-3, Japan challenged Russias development in Manchuria. fought a war -w'ith Russia, defeated Russia and by the Treaty of Portsmouth gained half of Manchuria, control of the southern end of the Manchurian railroad, gained a fotkbold in Inner Mongolia. In 1914, Ja-p^ became an ally of the anti-German nation, took from Germany her polsessions in Shantung Province, and by a senes of political actions, partly by subverting the Anfu Oub, the, political power in Pekii^, at- tempted to set up a suzerainty over CDiina.

Although the United States condoned all of Japans actions in China, there was nevertheless deep concern in this country because of them. American missionaries and businessmen, resident in China, encourageil Chinese students in the great Students Strike of 1919 which closed down China tight, not a wheel moving or a shop selling any goods. The strike was to prevent the Chinese govenn. ment from signing the Paris Treaty. China did not sign.

Anti-Japanese boycotts were recurrent in China and these created antagonism against the United States in Japan because it was generally assumed that the United States and Americans in China instigated these anti-Japanese actions in China. By 1921, this situation had become so ugly that Americans who lived in the Far East expected war any day. In 1922, the Washington Conference wag held at which many of the ouU standing issues between the United States and Japan were belleyed to have been settled.

Japan, however, faced a very difficult situation, not unlike the present one. Japan is only 20 per cent arable. Its food supply is inadequate for so large a population (currently about 90,-000,000), It Is very poor in minerals, It is a land of, unbelievable beauty but its p^le havt to work hard to eke out a living, If Japan possessed Manchuria. it would be sufficiently suppUed with food, coal and iron to provide for its needs. Therefore. Japans policy always had it as a goal to own Manchuria.

Japans best market is the United States but that is an illogical market now. in a former period, Japan sold its silk

(Continued on page ten)

Why The High Gasoline Prices?

Duplication of facilities, as well as high Federal, state and local tatces, is one of the reasons for the high price of gasoline today.

At thousands of intersections in the United States, there are three and even four gas stations. Within many a single mile of American highway there are three, four and more stations: sometimes there are three and four together.

Yet Yor each station there must be rent or capital tied up in real estate; taxes, amortization of investment ih tanks, pumps and structures: employees wages: management salaries

and. possibly, profits.

LAID OFF ON MOTORISTS

All of these items, plus the many taxes, plus the cost of gasoline, must be loaded into the price of gas. Thus, on many corners .ind along manv miles of highways, autoists pay for du

plicate facilities In higher gas prices.

There Is a traditional answer to this argument: If there were not duplicate facilities, each station would have no com

petition and could charge whatever price the owner w^anted.

If there were one or twoor even a hundred stations between this city jind Jacksonville. Fla., that might be true. But it should be possible to reduce the stations along that route by halfor even four-fifths without giving the survivors enough leverage to jack up

prices.

The situation is important at this lime becouse of the increase in imported bifsy cars and American compacts. These use much less gas than the standards, If their number increases, gas stations may face the alternatives of boosting prices even higher or going broke.

INDUSTRY CONCERNED

That the gasoline companies are alarmed about the situation was Indicated by J, H. Picou, director of advertising and promotion for Atlantic Refining Co., who told the Virginia Gasoline Retailers Association that there would seem to be no question as to whether or not there are too many service stations.

He added that 15 per cent of all locations do not have enough potential to make a living for a dealer, much less a reasonable return on Investment capital.

He added. "The industry no longer can afford the luxury of sup[K>rting those unproductive, strength-sapping outlets, and their elimination would not only do much to restore the Industrys general health but also provide greater opportunity for dealer success at better locations.

H u only partially correct in .saying the industry supports weak stations. The industry must

spend more tank-truck hours and more man hours supplying unprofitable stations: it must engage in considerable bookkeeping to handle the accounts of many stations, and it must sustain the bankiuptcy losses when the small stations finally conk out.

But the far greater support must come from moiorists who pay a few cents more a gallon because every stationbig and littleknows it cannot cut prices and survive.

When The Night They Raided Minskys was printed, the publisher feared book reviewers might not want to be seen carrying a volume with that title. So alternate jackets were sent along, with these titles: How to Cheat the Federal Government on Your Income Tax, "Lincoln the Man and the Car," and Pregnancy Its Cause and Cure.