PAGE FOURTHE DALY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Saturday, June 25, 196<^

Saturday, June 25, 1960

In The Bag?

New Burden For Heads Of State

The growing question of whether international affairs of the modern world can best be handled through traditional diplomatic channels or by top leaders of nations at frequent summit meetings is one which requires increasing attention.

Following the blow-up of the Paris summit conference, Secretary of State Herter announced that U.S. dealings with international mattere would revert to greater emphasis on the regular diplomatic channels. More recently President Eisenhower has said he feels his successor will be required to follow his course of frequent trips to other countries, and probably will be faced with attending summit conferences.

While unintentional, there appears to be a basic conflict between the statement of the President and that of his Secretary of State. Either the regular diplomatic channels or the top level conference between governments will dominate international affairs in the future. Both will play a part in international negotiations, to be sure, but sooner or later, one mode will be subordinated to the other.

On the basis of past experience, it appears that a greater emphasis will be placed on the face-to-face meeting of heads of governments to iron out international problems, or at least set the stage for their solution.

The w^orld, in recent years, has become a relatively small community of nations. In many respects it has taken on the attributes of a neighborhood rather than the former vast concept of the globe in terms of time and distance. National capitals which several years ago were days or even weeks apdrt in travel time today are a relatively few hours apart. While the head of a nation was not expected to leave his duties at home for a month or several months to

Next 4 Years In N. C. At Stake

- By LYNN NISBET ; PARTY CONTROL Whether or not It i true, as some have insisted, that the future of N<Hth Carolina rides on the next four years certainly is at stake.

Pursuant to requirements of the Plan of Organization of the Democratic Party in North Carolina. the 110 delegates to the xiational convention have been called to meet in Raleigh on Monday, June 27, to select a chairman of the delegation and to nominate a man and a woman for membership on the national committee. It is a foregone conclusion that Governor Luther Hodges will be named as chairman of the delegation.

Very little has been said about who might be nominated for the national committee posts. Incumbents John D. Larkins, Jr.. and Mrs. B.B. Everett both have Indicated desire to be relieved of, their duties. That desire "was expressed before results of the recent primary made it of little lonsequenhe.

Wishes of Senators Sam Ervin and Everett Jordan will be considered, but traditionally the recommendations of the Govemor-nominatc will have more influence. Membership on the national committee will carry more ' prestige with a Democratic administration in the White House, which seems very likely next year, but still is of less importance within the state than chairmanship of the State Democratic Committee.

T^t position will be filled at a later meeting of the State Executive Committee to be called by incumbent Chairman Woodrow Jemes, probably in late July or early August. The Plan of Organization requires the chairman to call a meeting as soon as practical after the state convention. Because of the primaries and the national con-veoticm the earliest practical date would be after July 25th.

CHAIRMAN The chairman Is the official director of the General election campaign. The committee-"technically elects him. Actually he is appointed by the Governor. Custom for many years has been for the successful candidate for Governor to name his primary manager as state chairman. If Terry Sanford wins in Saturdays primary, the next State chairman is idmost sure to be Bert Bennett of Winston-Salem. If Lake wins, the chairman most likely will be Robert B. Morgan of Lillington.

Prospects fw vice chairman, who W1 be a woman, gets into

the realm of pure speculation. Many women have been active in both Sanford and Lake camps, but none has been sufficiently outstanding to indicate assurance of selection for the second highest place in the party organization, the position now held by Mrs. Mary Laurens (J.T.) Richardson.

All of these positions are part-time, non-salaried jobs. The Democratic party in North Carolina pays some expenses for its officers when engaged on party business, but pays no per diem or salary.

The party maintains headquarters offices in Raleigh with a paid secretariat. Authorization was granted several years ago for employment of a full-time field man as an assistant to the chairman. Everett Jordan, John Larkins and Woodrow. Jones, in successive chairmanship positions have not seen fit to effectuate that provision. Sentiment in favor of it is building up. and the next chairman may put it into effect. Many Democrats feel a permanent full-time man would make collections easier, assure larger attendance at party meetings, and maintain better spirit among the voters.

HODGES There had been intimations of probable rivalry between Governor Hodges and the nominee of Saturdays primary for control of the delegation to the National Convention. The Governor told newsmen at his latest conference with them that while he naturally is interested in what the delegates do at their Monday sessions, his interests will have to be handled by friends. He will not be there.

Immediately after voting at Leaksville Saturday morning, he takes off by air for the National Governors Conference in Montanawhich begins Sunday.

Asked if his Interest included obtaining the post of National Committeeman he said it did not. Nobody has talked to him about it. and if they had he still would not be interested. He reiterated his support of Lyndon Johnson for the presidential nomination, but believes the chances of any Democrat have been greatly enhanced by recent developments and continuing ineptness of the Republican administration.

He read and distributed a typed statement urging every citizen of North Carolina to vote, .but flatly refused to discuss the second primary situation any further.

visit heads of other nations around the world, today representatives of governments may gather in any part of the globe on a days notice aqd back in their respective capitals a day or two later.

As technological advancements draw the world into a tighter group of nations in terms of time, friendships will require greater support in terms of personal contacts and across-the-table discussions of common problems. The increasing exchange of visits by officials and citizens of various nations will require a more frequent exchange of visits by the heads of state. i

Such a development,will thrust a greater burden for the implementation of international policies as well, as for the formation of policies on the heads of state.

Traditional channels of.diplomacy will continue to be important, but the onference of the heads of state will play an increasingly important role in international affairs.

Healthy Trend In The Insisting On Records

Regulations adopted by the House Administration Committee limiting members government-paid expenses on congressional trips to $25 a day is an important step toward ending unnecessary waste of taxpayers dollars by some members of Congress.

The part of the regulation which will also require detailed records of expenses exceeding more than $12 per day will likewise make for better record-keeping and a closer check on tax dollars by members of the House.

While most citizens recognize the fact that many trips by members of Congress are essential to carrying out the business of the government, it is not surprising that lavish living, bar bills and lack of record-keeping on these tax-paid expenses have brought about a certain amount of resentment. As the peoples closest contact with the federal government, members of the House of Representatives are looked to for keeping government waste of tax dollars at a minimum. They are looked to for setting by example economy measures which will be followed throughout the government in spending tax dollars.

Such being the case, it is essential that members of the House keep accurate records of the tax money they spend for congressional trips. It is also essential that they spend only a reasonable amount. The money,, after all, belongs not to the Congressmen personally, but to the taxpayers just as much so as any other government money. Not only will the new regulations encourage greater economy in this particular category of expenditure, they will also afford greater protection for the individual congressman whose record of expenses may be questioned at some future date.

The regulations, in our opinion, are good for the government, good for members of the House, and good for the people who are supplying these funds through their taxes.

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8y ALVIN TAYLOR

Helen Kellers Birthday

The story of Helen Kellers life should be one of real inspiration to those who must overcome handicaps.

For she started life with no way to communicate with others beyond her sense of touch.

But using only this she learned to speak and then went on to become a graduate of Rad-cliffe College.

From then on Miss Keller devoted her life to helping other handicapped persons.

Other Editors Saying., ;?^egimenting Minds

Political Issue

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) For-nier President Truman is away out of step with the presidential candidates of his own Democratic party.

Just a few days ago Truman made a plea for bipartisanship in foreign policy. He said hed fuss with President Eisenhower on local affairs but on foreign affairs people ought to back him up.

But before and after he said it the Democratic candidates were already lacing into Eisenhowers handling of foreign affairs. making it clear that they consider foreign policy a major issue in the 1960 campaign.

The one candidate whod be happy if all Democrats shared Trumans view is Vice President Richard M. Nixon who, since he was so much a part of the Eisenhower administration, will have to defend it from attack.

Theres Sen, Lyndon Johnson of Texas, majority leader of the Senate Democrats. Until recently he was playing the role of the great pacifier' and spreader of oil on troubled waters. He tried to quiet Senate criticism of foreign policy after the U2 plane incident.

But Sen. John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, the Democrats front-runner for the nomination, wouldnt listen and went along merrily blasting Eisenhowers handling of foreign affairs.

Johnson, either because he changed hLs mind or thought hed better get moving if he hoped to stop Kennedy, began booming the foreign policy issue himself.

Now hes calling the Elsenhower foreign policy a policy of "drift and Ls accusing the administration of a depressing lack of new ideas.

On June 14 Kennedy not only went after the Eisenhower fol-eign policy but produced a de

tailed foreign program of his own.

He said the real issue of foreign policy is; The lack of long-range preparation, the lack of policy planning, the lack of a coherent and purposeful national strategy backed by strength...

As a substitute for policy, Mr. Eisenhower has tried smiling at the Russians; our State Department has tried frowning on them; and Mr. Nixon has tried both. None have succeeded.

Thursday night Adlal Stevenson, who refuses to say hes a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination but still wont take himself out of consideration, seemed to be wearing two hats.

He said both parties should keep Premier Nikita Khrushchev out of the campaign. He said the Russians aim is American weakness and disunity.

Bt almost immediately, as if he were having second thoughts. Stevenson said there Is a need for a full and frank discussion of the international situation. How this can be done without bringing Khrushchev into It is, at the moment, a Stevensonian secret.

Even Sen. Stuart Symington of Missouri, Trumans choice for the Democratic nomination, has been critical of the Eisenhower foreign policy.

So among Democrats Truman, whose own handling of foreign policy was roundly assailed by Eisenhower in the 1952 campaign? stands alone in avoiding criticism of Eisenhower on foreign affairs.

Not even New' Yorks Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller, who'd like to get the Republican nomination. has kept quiet on the subject. Hes made it clear he definitely thinks American for-(Coiitinued on Page 6)

(Henderson Dispatch)

Advocates of Federal aid to education have won the first round of their long struggle to gain control of the public schools. The House and Senate have passed separate bills w'hich w'ould permit the central planners to get a foot in the door. The rest will come later, and local school authorities will trek along with the idea, if indeed they do not lend it all the aid possible in the hope of profiting thereby.

When the bureaucrats in Washington subsidize the schools, they wiil ultimately regiment the minds of the children, rendering them incapable of maintaining an economic system like ours, which is based upon competitiop. and free consumer choice.

Once Uncle Sam takes a seat on the local school board, all assurances that he will be a mere onlooker had as well be forgotten. He just doesnt operate that way, as the regimented farmers can go convincingly testify. Once control passes from the local school boards to State and Federal authori-ties, all incentive on the part of the home town officials will pass, and the Washington hierarchy will move in. Bureaucrats will determine the curriculum, fix salaries and dictate innumerable other details. This new system then would be free to shape young minds in the way the planners direct. It would be the death knell of the free market economy.

Subsidy for teacher salaries would pave the way for certification of teachers, standardizing of courses and teaching methods, and injecting the socialist and communist ideology as desired.

With professional educators and a well-entrenched educational bureaucracy in the saddle through Federal funds, every school board would be compelled to knuckle under to Washington. Federal bait money w'ould be used to coerce all

/ocal boards to accept Federal directives and supervision.

Already, local boards are pretty well under the thumb of State school authorities. An example of this came to light in Henderson only this week. The city board approved plans for a building at Henderson Institute, but it has to go to Raleigh for approval there before a single dollar can be spent, even though the dollars are provided locally. Under Federal aid that directive will either be transferred to or shared by Washington, and between the two, local authority will become no more than a puppet or a stooge of outside planners.

This is wrong because it both kills local incentive and transfers decisions to the professionals, who will bring up the young people in the ideologies they decree for them to accept. That sort of spirit is already noticeable in some instances, where students, as a result of what they have been taught, are hostile to free enterprise and the basic principles of the American way of life.

Khrushchev said not long ago that the next generation in America, or certainly the one after that, would live under a communist system. Federal aid to education all but assiu*es that, in that it saturates young minds with the theories of bureaucratic planners who themselves are largely committed to these leftwing theories.

It may already be too late, but there is yet a thin chance that bitter protest to congressmen might throttle legislation already well along toward approval but which might at least be watered down to preserve some semblance of freedom toward local control of the schools. Once the Washington planners gain a toehold it will be next to impossible to stop them. It has been that way about everything else where Federal money has been spent at local or State level.

In 1915 she iwlped raise funds for the American Foundation for Overseas Blind. In 1919 she appeared in the Hollywood made film Deliverance.

In 1921 the War Relief Fund was reorganized as the American BraUe Press for War and Civilian Blind and Miss Keller became staff consultant.

She made her flrst European tour in 1931 and was decorated by King Alexander of Yugoslavia. She traveled to Japan In 1937 on tiie peaking tour in behalf of the blind. She met Katharine Cornell in 19^ and.they became close friends.

In 1945 the American Braille Press was reorganized as the American Foundation for Overseas Blind and Miss Keller became counselor on International Relations.

She toured Europe In 194*. Japan in 1948, Africa, and the Middle East in 1951 and Central and South America in 1^.

June, 1954 she received the Alumnae Achievement Award from Radcliffe College. That same year The Unconquered her film blogftiphy. produced by Nancy Hamilton and narrated by Katharine Cornell received the Academy Award for the best documentary film of the year.

There were tours of New Zealand, Australia and the Far East in 1955 and of Scandinavia in 1957.

May 19. 1959 The Helen Keller World Crusade for the Blind was launched at the United Nations with Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower as honorary chairman and Katharine Cornell as chairman.

It is this remarkable woman who has said, The poets have taught us how full or wonders is the night: and the night of blindness has its wonders, too* The only lightless dark is the night of ignorance and inseosi-bUity.

She has also said, Many persons have a wrong idea of what constitutes true happiness. It is not attained through self gratification but through fidelity to a worthy purpose. Happiness should be a means of accomplishment, like health, not an end in itself. Every human being has undeniable rights which, respected, render happiness possible. the right to live his own life as far as may be, to choose his own creed, to develop his capabilities but no one has a right to consume happiness without producing it or to lay his burden upon other shoulders merely to fulfill a personal desire. (Continued on page six)

Nikita

Fully

Aware

By GEORGE E. S0K0L8R\ Copyright, 1960. King Feattirw Syndicate, Inc.

Nikita Sergeivich Khrusb chcv, in one of the hate speech* es about the United States, told this story:

"I remember during my youth I was bom in a very poor amy and it mas only very rarely that my mother could buy us some cream. But sometimes when she did our cat would creep up and eat some of the cream, would steal some of the cream. Then my mother usually took the cat by the scruff of the neck and gave it a good shaking and In the end would poke its nose into the cream to make it understand that such stealing was not air lowed.

Wouldnt it be better, Ladles and GSENTLEMEN, TO T/ ies and Gentlemen, to take the American aggressors by thi scruff of the neck also and give them a little shaking and make them understand they must not commit such acts of aggression against the Soviet Union?

Of coarse, what happened was that the cream was spoiled.

No self-respecting cat would learn not to eat cream because a mere human took it by the scruff of the neck and shook it.

A cat is reputed to have nine lives and what does a mere shaking amount to? Besides, Khrushchevs mother was undoubtedly a kindly peasant woman whom the cat loved.

What Khrushchev actually ao-compllshed at Paris, In the Tokyo riots and in his Cutnui adventures is that he eiqKised the chances of finding a road to peaceful co-existeiK^e between Soviet Russia and the United States, many Americans felt that the time had come for an end to the separation between the two leading countries. Today only a few doctrinaire Commimlsts or iro-Rus-sians dare to whisper a justift-cation of Khrushchev's boorisb-ness. The honeymoon arranged by such men as Robert Dowl-ling, Eric Johnston, Farmer Garst, and Ciyrus Eaton, ia over. The businessmen who thought there were contracts in grovelling before Communists may have learned a lesson maybe not.

The anti Communists who have been in bad odor since the failure of Senator Joe McChu-thys efforts, always felt tiiat the Russians havhig a clear target In view, would become impudent and would ultimately disgust the American people. That time has now come. How deep is the resentment is still to be seen. It is shocking that the attacks on Eisenhower wo-e taken so lightly.

Candidates for the Presidency, particularly those who like to walk on both sides of every street, find themselves in difficulties. Chester Bowles, who is expected to be Secretary of State should John Kennedy be elected, has destroyed his usefulness by proposing a two-China acceptance in the United Nations. Who can propose any such concept after the Red Chinese bombarded Quemoy while President Eisenhower was in Formosa, or in Chinese waters? It was a display of impudence. It was designed to humiliate the President of the United Statesto make him lose face.

WeU. the President of the United States did lose face. The United States lost face. But what did Khrushchev and Mao Tze-tung gain? What benefit came to them or their countries?

Actually, they shall have to pay a very heavy bill for all of this. 'The Wll W1 be the unwillingness of the American people to do business with Russia or Red China. No President of this country in any reasonable period will be able to meet with any Russian at what has come to be called a Summit. No President of this country will be able to accept an invitation to visit Russia or to invite the head of the Russian state to visit this country until the Insult to Eisenhower has been removed in a<Hne satisfactory manner.

The so-called "peoples to pe<^ (Continued on page tlx> ^

Big Money In Culture Business

Strength For Today

Bv earl L. DOUGLASS . GOLD AMID THE MUD

News accounts often speak of certain statements being met by scoffing. A politician or national leader or author or outstanding personage in the entertainment world hears something Aaid and denies it with scoffing. He scoffing. He scoffed at the idea is the statement usually heard.

Why should we ever scoff? Certainly if we do not believe the soundness of a certain position, we should deny it and, if nccc.ssary, vigorously oppose it. But we make a mistake v'-en we scoff. Probably we do not know more than one thou.<iandlh of One per cent of the truth of anything. The universe Ls so big, the complexity of human life is so great, the world Ls so vast in area, human motivation is so

baffling that we may well restrain any disposition on our part to scoff. Criticize? Yes. Oppose? Yes. But scoffnever.

There is hardly ever a position advanced. which does not have some truth in it. We know In part. . says the. Bible, but we do know something. Not much, to be sure; but something.

In panning gold one starts with a cou.sidcrable amount of material and then after much washing gets down to a little black graphite. Then when he smear.s the graphite over the bottom of the pan, little specks of gold appear everywhere.

So it Ls with life and its ideas. There may be ten pounds of mud but, if the mud Ls golri-cunntiy mud. there will be a few grains of gold at the bottom.

By EI.MER ROESSNER

Culture is big business today.

Never before in history has a nation spent so much money in cultural pursuits. And it is doubtful if any nation ever spent such a large shai'e of its income for culture.

And while some may argue that in certain past eras the culture was more magnificent, it is doubtful that ever before was there such a large part of the population engaged in cultural eitperiences.

It has been calculated that Americans spend much more for stage shows, concerts, opera, recitals, art exhibits, lectures and other purely cultural performances than for sports.

But these public manifestations aje small compared to private Investments in cultural things.

CULTURE INCORPORATED

High on the list of culture industries are those making equipmenC for stereo and hi-fi mu.sic. photography, painting, musical performances and cultural studies.

Most of the corporations specializing in those fields are doing well. Despite incessant

competition from movies and television, the book publishing industry is flouiLshing and people are buying more books than ever. AKt theatres multiply despite the same competition. Galleries* are doing better than ever before; prices for desirable works were never higher. The antique business is thriving,; demand is so great that man^ foreign countries are being drained of collectors items and i searches into the lofts and barns of America are intensified.

$ales of reproductions of old masters and of objets dart have become a big business. Much travel Ls associated with culture. One New York travel agency specializes only in-scheduling trips to take in the important music festivals abroad.

The interest in culttue has wrought many changes in the depai'tment stores of the nation. Many now have galleries where both contemporary and older art are for sale; many have galleries w'hcre both con-tcmpoi-ary and older art are for sale; many have antique departments; almost all have hi-fi and stereo sections in phonb-

graph departments.

LESSON FOR ALL

The reason for the growth of the culture market is not that Americans have any special Inspiration; It is, of course, that income so much exceeds that needed for necessities. Any other nation so bless might spend as much, or even more, for culture if it had the buying power. We can be happy, however, that so much of our excess income is used for culture instead of for grosser satisfactions.

This Interest in culture has significance for all business

men:

1. Since the public is so conscious of culture, cultural

themes need not be avoided in

advertising. Some advertisers

have already recognized this. In almost any periodical can be found not only advertisements for cultural wares, but ads with subtle appeal to those who understand art, music and literature.

2. A cultural climate can assist in recruiting employees. Note that an increasing number of employment aos mention cultural advantages.

3. Cultural aspects, such as nearness to colleges, museums, libraries and galleries can help sell residential real estate.

4. Cultural items, such as hi-fi sets, art work, etc., are having greater appeal as premiums.

5. Ctultural enterprises are"^e-coming better places to look for new business, in services, construction, air conditioning, office machinery, on and on endlessly.

ODD FISH IN STREAM OF BUSINESS NEWS

A Canadian supermarket chain offers a one-hour mystery flight for four filled trading-stamp books. Passengers are not told in advance what historic spots thell fly over. . . When Willard Weeks was transferred from Paris to New York by the New York Herald Tribune, his 10 tooms of furniture was flown across the Atlantic, beating him in. . .When there is no salesman in sight at a counter of an Eastern discount chain, a customer may push a button, lighting a red blinker light to alert salesmen.