PACE FOUR.HE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C.

Saturday, June 18, 1960

Saturday, June 18, 1960

Population Is Linked To Economy

It is a little disappointing that North Carolina has fallen from 10th to 12th place among the largest states of the country, population-wise, in spite of the progress it has enjoyed during the past decade.

The population gain of 11per cent or some "467,000 during the decade was not enough for North .Carolina to retain its 10th position among the states of the union and its claim as the largest of the Southeastern states. Florida, which moved from 18th in 1950 to 10th this year now occupies that position.

While North Carolina made important gains from the standpoint of population and from the standpoint of its economy during the past decade, it clearly fell behind that of a number of other states.

One factor in the states progress in the decade from 50 to 60 was the lack of uniformity of growth over the state as a whole. While the state as a whole gained population, and 61 of its 100 counties participated in the gain, the other 39 counties of the state saw their population decline. Most of those counties were in the agricultural areas of the Coastal Plain and in the Mountains.

Had the 39 counties that lost population held their own or gained during the decade. North Carolina may well have retained its position as the 10th largest of the 50 states.

N.C. Governors

nusuoi Powers

By LYNN NISBET

SECONDARY The Governor of North Carolina occupies a somewhat anomalous position, when compared with chief executives of other states. He is the only chief executive without veto power over legislation. Constitutional provision for the popular independent election of members of Uie Council of State, roughly corresponding to the Federal cabinet the members of which are appointed by the President, tends further to reduce his authority.

Offsetting these limitations are the statutory powers accorded the Governor as director of the budget and legislative transfer of many duties which used to belong to the elective officers to appointed administrators- In fact, and in practice the Governor of North Carolina has more direct control over affairs of State than do most chief executives. This control is vicariously exercised through appointed officials majority of whom serve at the will of the Governor and are responsible only to him.

These appointed department heads are responsible for the placing of employees on more than 95 percent of the salary and nearly all the wage earning jobs on the State payroll-exclusive of public school and college personnel. That is why State employees, many of whom do not come in contact with the Governor oftener than the citizen in a distant county, are vitally concerned about voting right" in order to protect their jobs, by assuring retention of their departmental loyalty. A brief look at budget book figures will explain why this is the case.

LOPSIDED-The eight elected officials outside the Governors office have in their departments, according to the 1959-61 biennial budget report, only 1,-058 employees. They are distributed as follows; Secretary of State, 19;. State Auditor. 32; State Treasurer (including Local Government Commission); 37, Superintendent of Public In-^ struction (but not counting the *, State Board of Education), 78;

Commissioner of Agriculture,

' *61; Commissioner of Labor,

112; Commissioner of Insurance. 71; Attorney General (including State Bureau of Investigation). B8.

These small employment fig-iLDBS compare with 1655 in the

Motor Vehicles Department, 1619 in the Prison Department, 698 in the Department of^ Rev-

, enue, and 921 salaried* employees in the Highway Department exclusive of the part time wage earners and many full time field workers. Figures . are available but have not been checked on other agencies.

Even the approximate one thousand employees of the department headed by independently elected officials are not entirely free from the Govern-ors office, because every one

of them must go through the Department of Personnel, the head of which owes his appointment to the Governor.

Incidents of the Governor interfering in the selection of minor employees down the line of State workers are rare enough to constitute the exceptions that prove the general rule of rare enough to constitute the exceptions that prove the general rule of non-interference. Because there have been a few such instances, every State em-prove the general rule of noninterference. Because there have been a few such instances, very State employee seeks to buy Job insurance by voting for the winning candidates. Or, almost as important voting for the Governor who is believed most likely to keep the incumbent department head on his present job. That decisien is bothering a lot of State employees now, particularly those who voted for Larkins or Seawell in the first primary.

TURNOVERAlmost certainly there will be more turnover in appointed administrative positions next year than for a long time past. It is common knowledge that Governor William Umstead had some changes in mind which is breakdown in health prevented effectuating. Governor Hodges inherited the Umstead regime, and could not decently make as many new appointments as it is believed he would have liked.

The next Governor, whether it is Terry Sanford or Beverly Lake, will owe no allegiance to the retiring administration to retain high bracket personnel. Whatever position Governor Hodges may take in final days of the current campaign, he is on record as not liking either of the candidates as his successor. That puts the Hodges appointees and their subordinates on the spot of having to choose a course they think will best serve their interests.

Opinion is general among State employees hereabouts that because of the exigences of political campaigning, and the fact that Sanford has been running longer and harder, he has more outstanding promises of jobs thatn does Lake. Logical conclusion from that line of reasoning is the turnover will be greater if Sanford is elected. Next logical conclusion would be that a large number, perhaps a substantial majority, of State employees will vote for Lake.

The other side of the picture. Just as logical, is that there^are more folks on the outside wanting in on State Jobs than there are present Jobholders. That brings us back to where we

started, the fact that as many votes will be cast for or against one of the candidates on basis of who may be appointed to the high level secondary positions in State government as on basis of policy platforms enunciated by the candidates.

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In almost every case, the economic progress of a county and its population gains during the decade went hand-in-hand. Where population gains were greatest, most econonic progress had been made. Most of the counties which lost population had seen their local economies primarily agriculture slipping during the period.

During the current decade, therefore, the individual counties as well as the state as a whole, should keep in mind that population growth probably will come about only as the economy is .strengthened While emphasis will be continued in those areas in which the greatest gains were made, it is also important that greater emphasis be placed on boosting the economy of those areas in which population declined during the decade.

If North Carolina is to regain its former position relative to other states. North Carolina as a whole must make more progress during this decade than it did in the one just ended. It will not be enough for 61 per cent of the counties of the state to progress while the other 39 per cent slip backward.

Interesting Trial Of Helicopter In Traffic

Use of a helicopter to help control traffic around Charlotte next Sunday may be the beginning of a new innovation in traffic control in North Caro.lina.

The helicopter will be used to help some 75 to 100 patrolmen handle the crowd of about 100,000 people who are expected to attend the 600-mile auto race at the new track between Charlotte and Concord.

As a control center that can see the traffic on the various roads leading into the area, the helicopter will be an important factor in moving the traffic into and away from the track area.

There are many times in various sections of the state where such a procedure might be of immense value in handling unusually large crowds gathered for special events. It will be interesting to see how well the Charlotte experiment works.

Delays Helpec. To Spoil Plans

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) Time was one of the main villains in pilingup disaster for President Eisenhower.

Any future president who agrees to a summit conference or foreign journey can learn from Eisenhower's misfortune by going as soon as possible after deciding to go.

Delay and the unforeseen events delay made possible spoiled what could have been a happy year for Eisenhower,

He and Premier Nikita Khrushchev, when they met here last September, cleared the way for a summit meeting. But it wasnt until December that those two men and the other Westesn leaders decided when to hold it. They set tne date: May 16 in Pasis, five months later. At that time Khrushchev had a warm glow toward the President. He gave his own Communist world a big sales pitch on friendly relations with the West.

If the meeting had been held in January or February there wouldnt have bees time for anything to spoil. But it became pretty well spoiled during the five-month lag between deciding on the meeting and holding it.

The Western foreign ministers, together and individually, did a lot of talking in statements indicating the summit wouldnt amount to much.

This angered Khrushchev, He did some talking back. The w'arm glow slowly evaporated. A chill began to envelop the summit before it could start.

And. of course, if it had been held months earlier there would not have been the incident of the American U2 spy plane downed ov^ Russia May 1, just two weeks before the summit.

All these things, plus the Eisenhower administrations handling of the U2 plane explanation, put Khrushchev Into a ferocious

mood in which he wrecked the summit and called off Eisenhowers trip to Russia-

Just a year ago Thursday there was an angry mood in the making in Japan against the new American - Japanese defense treaty. The Communists, naturally, were against it.

On June 16, 1959 the General Council of Trade Unions in Japan agree to cooperate with the Japanese Communists against approval of the treaty. This formed the background for what followed.

Last Nov. 27 more than 460 people in Japan were injured in anti-treaty riots. There were more riots Jan. 16, 1960 when Premier Nobusuke Kishi left Japan for Washington to sign the treaty,

Kishi and Eisenhower signed it here Jan. 19. The next day Eisenhower accepted Kishis invitation to visit Japan in June when the President was to be returning home from a tour of Russia.

. It would seem Eisenhower and his advisers, with the memory of the anti-treaty riots in Japan still fresh in mind, might have thought it wiser for him not to risk a repetition of them by visiting Tokyo.

Instead, as it turned out. his vkislt to Japan was arranged for June 19,the day on which the treaty was to come into force.

Perhaps the President and those close to him were beguiled by the thought that after the summit meeting the President would make a triumphal tour of Rusia and. with Khrushchev beaming on him. the Japanese Communists could be expected to stay quiet.

But here again time was the element which upset all Uie plans high hopes. With the summit collapse, Khrushchev and the whole Communist world turned savagely on Eisenhower.

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS NEW WORD FOR OLD AILMENT

Religious doubt can involve one In very intense suffering. There are vast multitudes of people who never think of religious matters one way or another. Still others take their religion for granted and without much thought believe what they consider it Is proper for them to believe. StiU othersand they arc probably not a vast number by any meanscome to terms with the verities of religion on the high plane of thought and emotional adjustment. And these have indeed the peace that passe-th all understanding.

In his Apologia," John Henry Newman, the Catholic cardinal,

tells of the peace which came his heart when he made his ultimate decision regarding religious truth. The great Protertant, John Wesley, had a similar experience, when in the little prayer meeting held one evening in London he found his heart strangely warmed and knew that forever he belonged to God. Francis of Assisi had the same experience. So did Dwight L. Moody.

The agnostic is doomed to discontent and mental suffering. Religious faith lies at the basis of most of lifes happiness. Security rests upon the confidence that there Is a Power in the world higher than our own.

Opinins In Brief

A confidence man is one who couvincp.s people that they are going places while they are being taken."Wall Street Journal.

closer to parking in front of a fire hydrant than to death. Memphis Commercial Appeal. .

The man who fires a ton of steel down the roadway and out of control is killing people just as much as the man who shoots a pistol into a line of cars waiting for a traffic light. The fact that the weapon is an automobile has caused entirely too much luzay^ thinking about traffic cases, as though this kind of homicide was some thing

A man who fears something is .smart to confrcwit that fear. If he tries to hide from that, fearful something he will find that, in the words of that old spiritual, theres just no hiding place down here." Raleigh Times.

He Always Seemed Kinds Slow-

-TIL we 6R6W UP AND tried tblAATCH THE PACE HE^ETI

By HENRY HOWARD

A Womans

Sometimes you might think purses are the scourge of the feminine set.

Naturally, they will tell you its quite the opposite. A womans purse, Uiey say. is definitely indispensable. Whoever invented them must have been Heaven-sent, they will declare.

A pocketbook is a womans

best friend, they say, since anything can be carried in one. And a purses tidiness is not a major concern. An x-ray view of the most renowned ashitm plates purse might reveal something of a miniature junkyard.

All that for this:

The huge purses of today

Other Editors Saying.. How Long Is Temporory?

(Henderson Dispatch)

Away back during World War II an excise tax was levied upon telephone users. Its purpose was twofold, namely, to discourage use diiring the war of such a vital service as telephone communication, and as a means nearly everybody were assured it was only a temporary measure, and would be removed when the emergency has passed. But eighteen years have come and gone since the tax was introduced, and it is stl being levied and collectedand spentby the Federal government. Which leads to the honest query. How long is temporary?

The answer to that question is that it is Just as long as the people submit to this method of paying more money into government coffers for the purpose of providing bureaucrats with cash to spend.

The telephone is one of the essentials of modem life. It cannot be dispensed with. Yet it is being resorted to as a means of increasing government income. Moreover, the telephone companies are required to assess, collect and remit to the Internal Revenue Service all such funds.

Take the Carolina Telephone & Telegraph Company, for instance. In 1959, it collected from its more than 125,(X)0 customers more than two million dollars in this type of taxes. It was an increase in 1959 of over two hundred thousand dollars. What a choice morsel that is for the spenders, and no wonder they hesitate to part with it.

Think, however, of how much the Eastern North Carolina economy could have benefited had this two million dollars been left in the hands of the people who were forced to pay it out as taxes. It means that the bills of telephone users would have been ten percent less than they were but for this levy.

list year Congress voted to terminate the tax as of June

30 this year. But Congress is being coaxed and persuaded into approving its exteiutm for another year. At the end of that year, if the measure is finally enacted into law, Uie administration will most likely be back with a new request for further extension. Again, how long is temporary? And also again, it is just as long as the people submit to tl)is dig into their personal Income.

So long as enormous outlays are indulged in by big govern-means to customers in Eastern them must be derived from some source. But the answer to that one is that non-essential Federal spending in the first place should be reduced to the point of permitting relief in this field, as well as in others.

Look at a further breakdown of what this telephone \tax means to customersin Eastern North Carolina who are served by CiT&T. It averaged abput $47 per telephone. That mans all telephones, and amounts to about thirty cents of each dollar the individual ^bscriber pays for his service.

The tax is, of course, both unfair and discriminatory, and ought to be a^lished. Ccmgress should stick to its decision of a year ago to let the levy pass out of existence this June 30.

While we are talking about the telephone tax primarily, there are others in the same category, as. for instance, extra levies on cigarettes. At the State level there is the sales tax which was imposed thirty years ago during the depression, with the solemn pledge that when the emergency passed it would be repealed. But it is still here and will continue to be here. The same will be true of the telephone tax unless the public rises up to demand its repeal.

Relief can be obtained if enough consumers protest to their congressmen. Unless they do, this temporary levy Ls almost ^certain to become permanent.

i- neno

pose quite a problem sure enough. For instance, many a woman acquires gray hairs, early wrinkles, and edgy nerves worrying over personal items that Just disappear during the course of everyday acUvttjr.

Naturally, these items should be in the purse, which is never left behind anywhwe. Still, somehow they get lost and the feverish worrying begins.

That's where the overgrown purse enters the picture.

For instance again, the other day one of our local lawyers' secretaries was furious over losing her expensive sunglasses. I bet s(nebody stole them when I laid them down somewhere, she snapped.

She raved and ranted wildly until ahe Fs aorta tired and then retfff fo ber office to pout over the loss of the bwt pair of sunglasses I ever had.

As her. tfrinUe4 brow began to level off sightly, she turned to Old Faithful (the huge pocket book) for a handkerchief to dry the tears.

As she fumbled in the debris, the lost sunglasses suddenly made themselves known. They tumbled from the handkerchief.

Suddenly jubilant, she just as suddenly completely forgot she was ever worried about the ^Ibsscs

The irony of the story, of course, is that her tears brought back her prize possessioa.

But, still, is depicted the scourge of the manunoth purse.

. Did you ever try to connect a hi-fi set?

Unless youre pretty well versed in such things, its probably advisable to step aside in favor of professional hands.

We got hold of the component parts of a little stereo unit the other day. There were only a few wires to be attached and each one was a different color.

We thought it would be a simple mattw to stick one wire here, another there, plug in the set. and listen to stereo.

So we set outselves to the task. And quite a task it proved to be!

The three wires leading from the phono part were tried in all possible positions. Not a movements, and not a sound.

After we gave up In disgust, we did step aside in favor of professional hands. It had been our understand!^ that all you have to do is connect the wires.

Before our professional friend was through, hed created a pretty complicated - looking maze of connections. .And hed done it quickly and quite simply.

The important thing was, he got results.

Spying Is Very

Nornial

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyrigiit, 1960, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Spies are all kinds. Girls are very useful, lor men are weak, particularly those who are far from home. Roy A. Rhodes, for instance, was a U.S. Army Master Sergeant who eventually was sentenced to five years in prlson and dishonorably discharged by a court martial. The pom* guy was got the Russians and In the espiimage trial of Colonel RudoU ivaoovleh Abel, Rhodes testified that he ha4 been paid $2,500 to $3,000 for Information he had given to C(Hnmunist agents when he, Rhodes, was stationed in Moscow.

This is ths story from the re-eords of the House C^mittee on Un-American Acfivities: Rhodes bad been in charge of the UB. Embassy motor pool in Moscow tr<m 1951' to 11^. He had a number of Bussian assistants with whom be sometimes held drinking parties. On one occasion, one oi his asidstants brought his glii friend to a par^. At a later murty, in 1951 he breught not only her but another girl as weU. It was a wiM party at which champagne, vodka, and other drinks were downed freely. Rhottes confessed: 1 became drunk and the next thing I rememb^ was waking up in bed with this girl. When Rhodes was later invited to the girl's apartment, he was met the^e by two Russians who told him that she was jegnant. They asked if I would go to work for them, Rhodes said.

Rhodes, leariDg exposure, agreed to do so. He gave Soviet agents inlormal^n about his own dutiM. his code trainiig. and abmit the habits and actions of other UB. Embassy pereonncL Colonel Rudolf I. Abel, one of the most adroit Russian spies in the United States, used many names. When arrested on June 21, 1957, at the Latham Hotel in New Y(x*k City, he disi^yed a birth certificate. Number 32024, showing the birth of Martin Collins In New York City <m June 2, 1^7. This certificiUe had been issued on the tHrth of a finale child. The birth certificate used was tb^wfore a complete fmr-gery. His assistant, Reino Hajr* hanen, also had a fictitious birth certificate in the name of Lauri Arnold Ermas, to be used in case of emergency.

Biany agents carry quite a number of iseports and birth cilificatea and idemification documents of many countries. The United States does not recognise dual citizenship and a person caught possessing pasaporte of several countries become* suspect under any cir-cumstances. Many such passports. when confiscated, are found to be forgerlee.

But not only are pasaporte and birth certifieatee forged, but also money is ooumerfeited. I myself was cognizant of the passing of counterfeit American dollars in the Far East, particularly in Shanghai and Manila. An American, Nicholas Dozenberg, a ccmfessed Soviet agent, wae very active in this enterprise. In the early I930s, IXoenberg organized the American-Ruman-lan Film Corporation in association with Dr. Valentine Gregory Burtan. Burtan was arrested in New York In 1933 by the United States Secret Service in his attempt to pass $100,0(X) of bogus currency. He was 'sentenced to 15 years in a Federal penitentiary and was fined $5.-000.

Dozenb^g admitted that the reason for passing the bogus money was to get capital to establish the Americao-Ruman-ian Film C(nwatton which waa to be used as a cover for Soviet Military Intelligence operationa in this country. General Walter G. Krivltaky, one-time chief of Soviet Military Intelligence n Western Europe, wrote that Bur-tan's fraudulent money was printi':! by order of Mmcow.

Thcxe is no telling where Soviet spies are to be found or what they are engaged in doing. For instance. Mark 2a>orowskl. a former Research Assistant at Harvard University, was born in Russia in 1908. After living for some time in France, in 1941 he immigrated to the United States, becoming a citizen by naturalization in 1947. His indictment for perjury resulted from hs denial, before a Federal grand jiU7 in New York, that he knew Jack Soble, convicted Soviet espionage agent. At a later date, when confronted by Soble. Ztxn-owskl (Continued on page eight)

3ig Targets Of- Pressure Groups

Successful men are marked by their willingness to tackle the unpleasant tasks fir^t, The Anderson Independent.

By ELMER ROESSNER Candidates for President are looking down muzzles of large-bore guns, judging from the press releases, statements and telegrams your reporter has been receiving.

It appears that every pressure group, trade association and aggregation of do-gooders is asking every possible candidate: How do you stand on your principle that. . . whatever that happens to be.

Candidates appear to be questioned on vivisection, public housing, off-shore oil drilling, aid to Togoland, regard for Eleanor Roosevelt, Japanese textiles, Cuban sugar. Russian guff, the attributes of plywood, income taxes, relief of small business, the Keogh bill, compulsory dating of milk, the Textile Fibers Act. the coloring of oranges, age limits^ for Jet pilots, and on, and on, and on. And on

SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS YET About the time that Nelson Rockefeller bowed out of the

race .for the Presidency the first time, it was disclosed that his campaign headquarters had an "image division,'' devoted to creating a favorable public image of the Governors chaj'ac-ter.

Prom that it may be deduced that the other candidates have image divisions or, at least, a public issue stance division, which amounts to the same thing. Surely the candidate himself cannot be expected to have advance attitudes on all those items listed, as well as hundreds that will come up between now and election day.

Lets look in on the Image, Stance and Attitude division of the campaign headquarters of the Adlai Kennedy headquarters, A man enters and demands, How does the candidate stand on wood?

Hes for it. says tlie man in charge.

Good- Plywood? Vertical plywood? Horizontal plywood? Imported plywood? ImprcijnaLed plywood? The niau in charge

rattles off yesses and noes and promises to issue a press re-

lea.se,

WHATS BEHIND IT

The questioner, a representative of the Vertical Spangled Plywood Association of the U.S. &A has achieved two objectives. He has prepared the key to get his associations name In the paper; he has put the candidate on record and the candidate, if elected, will be confronted with this statement years hence.

But if you are a voter, dont put too much weight on the .speclal-interest statements made between now and November. Even if the candidate promises to fight, bleed and die for American plywoodor the artichoke Industry of California or the right of Floridians to paint oranges orangeremember that he will not take office until a rainy day in 1961, and by that time there will be basic changes in the situation." to quote James Hagertys successor.

RETAIL SALES

DIP IN MAP

Despite all the indications that the experts, and dlspite the rise in employment, total retail sales in May were less than in April and in May, 1959. However, sales were slightly above those for May, 1959, when adjusted for trading day (Ifferences and seasonal factors.

In May, only eating and drinking places, gasoline service service stations and drug and proprietary stores did better than in May. 1959.

NEW MUFFLER WORRIES OTHER AUTO MAKERS

Muffler replacement is expensive. Some motorists believe without any evidencethat auto manufacturers make mufflers fragile so that they can sell replacements. In recent years, auto makers have tried aluminum mufflers. more impervious to exhaust acids than steel. Now a ceramic-coated muffler is being tested.

If it proves out. it will sell more cars, until competitors catch up wtith the devic^.