FACE POimTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Friday, June 17, 1960

Work For Analysts In Population Shifts

Population shifts from the cities to the suburbs

Friday,^unc 17, 1960

Another Lost Round For The West

Cancellation of the invitation for President Ei- If, as the Japanese demopstrations appeared, gcnhower to visit Japan this week-end must be view- they were a part of a well-planned communist at-ed as a severe blow to the pro-American government tempt to discredit the pro-western government and of Prime Minister Kishi and to the influence of shake the prestige of the United States at the same Japan and the United States in the Far East. time, we may expect to see similar tactics used in

It must likewise be viewed as a tremendous vie- other countries for the same purpose. For the mo-tory for the communists and for the Soviet Union. , ment at least, the. leftist groups in Japan have suc-Violence which has erupted in Japan in recent ceeded in their objective to thwart the visit of Presi-days finally brought the Kishi government to an- dent Eisenhower. That will give them added strength nomice it could not guarantee the Presidents safety even if they fail to topple the Kishi government and during his proposed visit beginning Sunday, and to prevent the ratification of the new security treaty therefore asked him not to visit Japan at this time. ^ between Japan and the United States.

The announcement was tantamount to saying that Viewed realistically, these most recent events in

the safety of the President would be up to the mobs ^japan point to another lost round for the United

which have been roaming Tokyo, demonstrating grates and its allies in the cold war struggle against against the United States and the new Japanese- communism.

American security treaty. It was little short of saying the government of Japan no longer has control of the country, and that Japan is on the brink ofif not already involveda violent revolution.

Whether the government of Prime Minister Kishi can remain in power now that the Presidents visit to Japan has been canceled remains an important question to Japan and to the free world. Whether the government will use force to quell the riots and de- and from the farms to the towns in the past decade monstrations now that the President will not visit makes an interesting pattern of transition that is tak-

Japan likewise remains a moot question. It seems un- ing place throughout the United States,

likely that those who have promoted the demonstra- ^1, ^ p^^.

tions will cease their efforts just because the Presi- pounced shift of large city populations to the out-

4--.... lying smaller towns from 1950 to 1960. Many of the

nations major cities actually lost population while the metropolitan area around the city limits gained appreciab y. Other big cities barely held their own in the census count while smaller outlying communities saw their population increase by leaps and bounds. .0

In many of the predominantly rural areas of the country^, just the opposite was taking place as the population shift was from the rura areas into the small and medium-sized cities and towns. City dwellers by the thousands left their apartments and moved out where they could find a house and a small plot of ground. Rural families left the uncluttered farms where neighbors were a quarter mile or so apart, and moved into the communities where they settled for a small fraction of the amount of grounds they had before.

Both these shifts were brought about by economic conditions to a great degree. The city dwellers, many of them, could afford to move to less congested communities and were anxious to do so. Many rural families, finding it increasingly difficult to make a living on the farm, moved into the towns in quest of better jobs and more stable income.

The pattern is one in which economists and sociologists should find ample interest as they explain to the people why and how the conflicting pattern developed in the pattern between 1950 and 1960.

Welding Torch

dents trip has been called off.

Contro'.

?hDOtt,

lies In

Hunt

By LYNN NISBET

COMMITTEES -- It Will not be known until after June 25 who will be the next Governor of North Carolina. Withdrawal of C.V. Henkel nan a second primary ot Lieutenant Governor (and President of the Senate) makes it certain that Ooyd Philpott will assume that office early next year. It is virtually as certain that Joe Hunt of Guilford will be Speaker of the House of Representatives in the 1961 session.

Unless legislative rules which have obtained throughout State history are materially changed in tte' early days of the session, these men will name the committees which will direct the session, these men will name the committees which will direct the legislative process ot enacting biUs into laws. Whether or not they consult the Governor, or are influenced by his requests, it is obvious that Philpott and Hunt will have more influential control over what kind of program the State will adopt than will anybody else. Fortunately for the State, they can begin inv mediately on the Job of selecting committee personnel.

The May 28 primary resulted in n(Mxiinatlng Democratic candidates for all but one of the 50 seats in the Senate, all but five of the 120 in the House. Two or three otb* Senate places and perhaps a dozen or so in the House may be considered doubtful in November prospects. Without disparagement of the ability of any of the doubtful aspirants, none of them has prestige or seniority enUtUng consideration for a major committee chairmanship. The presiding (^fleers peed not wait nnUl November to know about committee material. That doesnt mean they have an easy task.

PROBLEM The mortality rate among experienced legislative leaders was unusually high this year. Many veterans did not seek re-election and oUiers were bumped off by the voters. Philpott and Hunt will not have the aid of several men with whom they have worked effectively duiing the past several sessions. , For that reason, as well as the fact they wiU be subjected to unusual pressure from lobbyists because of the economic and social issues facing Uie next General Asembly and the new Governor, the extra time available for decision may enhance rather than alleviate the problem.

One thing is sure: The men charged with re^)onsibility for naming legislative committees will not lack for advice and suggestions from patriotic citizens who "are concerned only with the best Interests of the State of North Carolina." (?)

The records of the upcoming presiding officers, through fovu* sessions of the General Assembly as mere members and chairmen of important committees, indicate they appreciate advice and counselbut are noi amenable to influence from ^pressure groups.

SCREWBALLS Lee Park- er, Raleigh insurance executive. has suspected for a long time that some of the radio and television commercials were prepared by screwballs. So he got a big kick the other day out of a short story, in the Wall Street Journal, about a $40,000 a ^year Madison Avenue advertising'man who spends his days at the office then goes for the night to Gracie Square Hospital as a mental patient. Parker says he understands better now where some of the publicity ideas come from.

PULL TIME USE Prom the mass of material coming to your reporter's desk announcing special courses. Institutes and seminars at the colleges, both public and non-tax supported, conclusion is inescapable that the institutions of higher education are making better full time use of their facilities than are the public schools.

Regular terms of colleges and schools run about nine months, roughly September through May, with June, July and August "open." Most public school facilities arc idle during that vacation period. Nearly all the college and university facilities are utilized, either fig- summer schools for which credits are allowed toward degrees, or for special institutes, seminars or "studies, designed to improve the education of attendants but without academic credits. The desire for learning for its own sake is attested by attendance at these various sessions.

A current illustration is the School of (Christian Studies scheduled at Meredith College next week. The purpose of the study, as stated by the program committee. Is "to bring throughtful ministers and laymen together in study and- discussion with leaders who are making major, scholarly contributions to Christian life and thought.*' Meredith is a non-tax college, c(mtrolled by the State Baptist Convention. Yet members of the arrangements committee and participant in next weeks program represent the major Protestant denominations.

Comparable study courses are being held at Atlantic Christian, Davidson, Elon and other denominational colleges, while credit-earning summer schools are in session at the State institutions. Meantime legislative commissions are studying ways to utilize public school houses more than nine months in the year. _

Apathy

Synaktle, In*

By PATRICIA MOORE

(n,.

Time Of Fishing Worms

As we have said before, when spring comes, a young mans fancy turns to fishing. Well, this appUes to old and young alike.

It is in spring that a wife opens the refrigerator door and finds a new bag. Thinking it is a present from a thougbtfid husband, she opens it to find fishing worms.

Or she opens a refrigerator door to find a new Jarof fishing caterpillars, carefully iwe-servcd in dirt.

There are other places where the fishing worms pop up, too.

Humiliations And Bia Illusion

It seems that very recently, in a well known department store of this very town, a young woman returned from her lunch hwir to take her position in the office.

She was reduced to near hysteria at the sight of those big, fat catawba worms, who had

invaded and successfully taken over the entire office. It had taken them little time to station themselves about the office, chairs, tables, walls as well as the floor.

Her screams finally brought help, and explanation.

One of her co-workers, a fishing enthusiast, had befriended another fishing enthusiast by fixing up a container of the catawba worms and had left it in the office for the wife of the other fishing enthusiast to take home to him.

There is a theory in swne circles that the catawba worm is one of the best fishing worms.

Human beings can be far more hurtful than nature, especially in the growing of plants.

First it was nature that failed to produce flowers in our

flower box. Or if you want to pin us down to specifics, it was our black thumb (instead of the fruitful green thumb) which failed to make the flowers grow: SU, that can be called nature.

But finally, through gifts of friends, the flowers came through. After a little care, the blooms came, and we had been happy for two weeks with our flowers.

Then came the human beings, in the form of a morning paper

boy.

He had only to throw the paper across the tops of a whole row of blooms

Ol course, we no longer have our happy flowers in their wholenesstmt we have a wide ass(xt-ment of pieces blooms.

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) Until this spring President Eisenhowers last months in office looked like a series of triumphs in a world eager to thank him for helping make it calm. This was the grand illusion.

The world was not calm. The President ran into personal and national disaster.

For reasons not yet clear but which need explaining Eisenhower and his administration encountered repeated humiliations.

When Japanese Premier Nobu-suke Kishi called off Eisenhowers trip to Tokyo, under the violent leftist protests, it was only the latest of the disasters.

A few months ago this was the prospect:

A summit conference with Premier Nikita Khrushchev and then a triumphal tour of Russia, followed immediately by wild acclaim in the Philippines, Formosa, Korea and Japan.

This is what happened:

In Korea and Turkey two pivotal nations in American military alliances in the East and West the presidents of those countries were overthrown because they, had degenerated Into dictators.

There is no evidence the Eisn-hower administration in any way had been prepared for these overturns or had In any way sought through pressure on the dictators to avoid what happened.

When the American U2 spy plane was brought down over Russia the administration, in which Eisenhower at the time

seemed to take no leading or even very active part, began a series of almost incredible stumblings.

First it stalled, then it alibied, then it confessed to the sp^g. This was all done so clumsily it left the United States embarrassed before the world.

The Eisenhower administration had had four years of aerial spying on Russia to prepare for such an accident as the capture of one of the planes.

When the time came it was totally unprepared.

The handling of the incident by the U.S. government was followed by violent reaction from Khrushchev, with this result: The Russian wrecked the summit conference, humiliated Eisenhower before the world, continued to Belittle him later, and called off his trip to Russia-At this point Elsenhower, or his advisers, could have called off his Asian trip because already thousands of left-wing Japanese ranging from Communists to radical and neutralist students and laboriteswere in violent opposition to the new American-J a p a n e s e defense agreement.

Nevertheless the decision to visit Japan remained unchanged. Once Eisenhower set out upon his Journey, it was too late, or so it seemed, for him to call it off. Now he has had to back down without even the free choice of doing so. The bloody rioting of Wednesday forced the Kishi government to tell Eisenhower to stay away.

Once again the United States had lost face around the world.

Other Editors Saying.. Of Community Colleges

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

The Christian's Vocabulary

Three words stand out with unusual prominence on the pages of the New Testament.

The first of these words is "wait." We are to wait for the promises of the faith. A thing which often drives people to skepticism and despair is the fact that God does not answer our eai nest prayers with the alacrity tiiey feel He should. Sometimes God says no to our prayers. Again he says yes. More often than not he says wait. And wait is something we hate to do. Yet the New Testament counsels us to wait and God in His mercy will minister abundantly, tp our every need.

The second New Testament word of great prominence is "watch." We are to watch lest we be overtaken In evil. We are to watch for the coming of the Lordnot stand looking up Into heaven but having such a receptive attitude of mind that regardless of when the Lord comes~be it wdthip the next hour or far on into the future we will be ready.

And. of course, the greatest word in the Nbw Testament is "love." "God is love." The very

essence of his being is love. Love is the spirit of God operating upon the lives of living beings throughout the universe. God loves us. We are commanded to love Him (commanded, not just advised). We are to love one another.

Wait, watch, love. Here are the three most Important words in the Christians vocabulary.

(Greensboro DaUy News)

In continuing discussion of what is to be done with Peace College, one of the three Presbyterian institutions abandoned the Synod of North Carolina and absorbed Into the Consolidated College now being constructed at Laurinburg, latest suggestion is that Peace be converted into a community college owned and (grated by the City of Raleigh,

The mere suggestion of such a step indicates recognition of need for Peaces continued operation and lack of justification for closing any college when facilities are overcrowded, many applications are necessarily rejected and file enrollment wave is stiU far from its crest. Increasing demands of North Carolinas and the nations youth can be met by retaining old colleges as well as constructing new.

The closing down of a single college, under existing conditions, should be a cause for grave concern.

What Raleigh will do about the suggestion for taking over Peace, whfch comes from the board of trustees of the Consolidated College, is essentially the Capital Citys own business, although its effect may ripple out into the states system of higher education. Including both publicly and privately operated institutions. There is an initial hitch, which might be overcome on the local level, in that the P*st Presbyterian Church, of Raleigh claims the legal right to take over and operate Peace.

Raleigh, like Greensboro, is blessed with a number of colleges. We have found here, however, that a community college was still needed and Is being widely used. Private interests, spearheaded by the chamber of c(Hnmerce and the merchants association, started the merchants association, started the Greensboro evening college which proved highly successful from the beginning.

More recently the Evening College has become a division of GuilfcH-d College. It thus has capable administration, accreditation for college courses and 'a flexible curriculum which enables it to meet community demands and requirements through offering of vocational and high school as well as college courses. Its schedule of evening classes has made It especially appealing to adult education. It now has an enroU-ment of around 1,200 composted largely of young men and women who are working and who could not attend classes on a day schedule.

We pass this information along to Raleigh, for whatever it may be worth in further utilization of the colleges which that city has. It is of significance to note that Greensboros community college, in contrast to colleges at Wilmington, Charlotte and Asheville, has been privately financed and has not cost the taxpayers, with all its benefits, a single dollar tn public funds. It Is a testimonial of what can be accomplished by vision, leadership, community support and do-it-yourself educational will.

It was nice having the 739 Presbyterians here tor their 1471 annual ccmference, and nice that they picked Greenville; It was also nice to have had the Northeastern District ol H(Nxie Demonstration women here.

Also, the hot weather.

We extend a very hearty welcome to the refreshing movie. "Please Dont Eat the Daisies.

Opinions !'n Brief

"You may not have realized it, but today a Confederate $1 bill In good condition is worth substantially more than Its face value. In Richmond, Va., tourists arf paying up to $150 for such a biH; In Gettysburg, Pa., the going rate is $2 for a $1 WU. And these, mind you, are not rare bills but are In fact far and away the most common printed during the brief (alas) reign of the Confederate government. The Montgomery Advertiser.

and

"The Khrushchevs have come gone over the centuries, while the work of the Pasternaks has lived on, ever green and vital, relnsplrlng each new generation to continue the battle that must ultimately end tn the victory of the human spirit, in Russia as throughout the rest of the world."New York 'Times.

"There are twRways to solve most problems: Strengthen your will power or weaken your con-.science."Oreely (Colo.) Booster.

"Some folks think Its a recession when they can't afford a new car to tow their new boat.Anderson (S. C.) Independent.

Due To Dullness

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copyright. I960, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Senator Barry Goldwater comes from n small state, Arizona- He made his mark in the Senate immediately and has grown in stature rapidly because he has a phosophic turn of mind and can speak in broader terms than mere partisan politics.

He is a Conservative. But he does not deal with Conservatism as some ancient shibboleth but rather as a normal. American concept of life baaed on historie memory. I n his book, "The C^on-science of a Conservative," he writes:

"Surely the first obligation of a political thinker Is to understand the nature of man. The CosservaUve does not claim special powers of perception on this poiiU, but he noes claim a familiarity with the accumulated wisdom and experience of history. and he is not too proud to learn from the grat minds of the past."

It is histMic memory which makes the diif*encc between combining experience, knowledge and ambifion into an for t thrust forward and Liberalism which is also .moving forward, but off the cuff sort of. Senator Goldwater also says:

"The root difference between the Conservatives and the Liberals ol today is that Conservatives tal account ol the whole man. while the Lierals tend to look only at the material aide of mans nature. .

Thia Is not necessarily true. It is a kind of C(servative bigotry to believe this, just as the Librtals assume that Cotmerv%-Uves are all fat oapitaUsts. which is far from true. One can be spiritually rich, as Norman Thomas or Reinhold Niebuhr is, and be a Uberal but the essential difference is in the nature of the thrust forward. For nether the Cjonscrvatlve iior the Liberal believes in the status quo and neither of them reaUy seeks to return to whatever were the "good old days."

The Conservative believes that progress must be within the imu'gins of history which deals with the movements of man through,the centuries. He recognizee that in this movement forward errors have been made. The ConservaUve does not have a vested interest In those er-iws. I

He seeks to rebuild society constantly tnit he bolds firm to its foundattoas. v

Barry Ooldwater's book, "The Conscience of a ConservaUve." is too short an essay to be satisfying but the startling fact is that it was written at aH and that a United States Senator issued It in these Umea.

There is undoubtedly a Conservative trend in this country. lU s more pronounced among younger people than among their parents who were influenced by the circumstances of the 1930s. The younger people, in thia period of scienUiic discovery and absorption with philosophic concepts, are less concerned with politics and political insUUitions than their parents were. Science and psychology have caught Uieir eye.

This is generally referred to aa apathy and, it must be admitted, that compared with other campaigns, the 1960 one, thus far, is dull. There is this ab(nit television: while for the candidate, it may be a convenience because he talks to a large audience at once, the personal touch is lost. He is another actor on the stage. He is often interviewed by dully polite interrogators who most often ask absurd questUms which ev(Ae neither sharp repartee nor keen ohsrtwaUon. The warmness of the crowd is gone. The shouting and yelli^, the blaring band, the enthusiasm of faction all disappear on television. What is left is just a man talking and one turns to a murder.

This apathy the students of politics deplore. But there was no apaUiy when Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke over radio. I disliked Roosevelt but listened. No matter whether his speech was written by Samuel Rosenman or Robert Sherwood or by Roosevelt or by a team, it always was something to get excited about. It is preferable in our kind of a country to be angry at a public figure than to feel that "Wagon Train" is more important.

(Continued on page six)

Future Tax Bites Due On Income

THE UNITED WAY

By ELMER ROESSNER

The prediction has often been made that state tax levies continue rising as they have during our generation; this is to predict that the future rise will be largely in income taxes.

Reasons:

1. States are nearing limits of other levies. Any further substantial increases in gasoline, cigarette, alcoholic beverage and similar state taxes will meet diminishing returns. In fact, the gasoline levy Is already meeting it. The public is buying more and more foreign and compact cars because they save on gasoline and other taxes.

2. It is relatively painless because, with the withholding system, wage earners never even see the money that is taken away from them in taxes. SURE AS DEATH

3. It Is a difficult tax to escape although ft can be). Shopping across state lines can avoid

sales levies.

4. It is quick; states get mast of their money quarterly or even more often.

5. It is a relatively popular tax because the little voters think that the wealthy are paying higher rates on higher incomes, which is often true.

There are some weaknesses ill state income taxes:

1. It can be avoided, especially by those who would be taxed the most. People with Inoomes from investments can move to states without Income taxes. So can people with incomes from writing and a few other occupations

2. High state incomes tend to drive businesses to other states and to discourage new businesses. Even when business income is not heavily taxes, companies usually find that they pay more of state Iqcome taxes in the form of higher wages, MORE WITHHOLDING

Now that Georgia and North

Carolina have passed laws requiring the withholding of state taxes by employers, 21 states now use this no-monkey business method of collecting. However, two of these states and the District of Columbia require withholding only on nonresidents' income. They are California and Iowa.

The 19 states that require withholding of all employees, according to a Commerce Clearing House survey, are:

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona,

Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland. Massachusetts, Montana. New York, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina. Utah and Vermont.

Those states taxing incomes without the withholding provision are Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma. Tennessee, Virginia and Wisconsin. A with

holding proposal in Oklahoma has been submitted td a referendum this fall.

17 STATES BITE

Seventeen states In the last two years have inaugurated or increased income taxes, according to results of a study by Professors Walter W. Heller, of the University of Minnesota, and aara Pehniman, of the University of Wisconsin. They found that when times are good, income taxes increase faster than sales taxes, making still another reason for expecting more such levies.

Another reason, they point out, is that methods of collecting state taxes are improving. Some states exchange leads on cheating taxpayers with the Federal government.

Meanwhile, the First National City Bank of New York reports that while personal income has risen ohly a little over four times. Federal income has risen more than 20 limes.