PAGE FOURTHE DALY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Saturday, May 21, 1960

Saturday, May 21, 1960

Ambush?

Population Gain Wasnt Uniform

North Carolinas population growth of almost a half million people during the past decade shows progress for the state, but a close examination of the census figures affords cause for concern.

In spite of the fact that population of North Carolina grew by half million, the growth rate of the state from 1950 to 1960 was only 11.5 per cent, the second lowest of any decade in the last 90 years.

In spite of the fact that the state as a whole gained population, thirty-nine of the 100 counties of North Carolina experienced a population decline during the decade. Most of the population increase came in the industrial Piedmont part of the state while most of the counties which lost population were located in the gri-cuiturai areas of the Coastal Plain and Mountains.

Percentage-wise, the state-wide picture means that North Carolina decreased rather than increased its rate of growth during the decade in spite of the tremendous efforts which have been made to develop the state. It also means that while Tar Heels are generally proud of the progress the state has made, our development program must still be intensified if our state is to keep pace with others.

In the counties of the Coastal Plain and Mountain areas, the decline of population in many counties must be attributed to economic conditions and the lack of sufficient economic opportunities to hold the people they had, and to attract others. The growth of the Piedmont section must be attributed to economic con-

ively Show Of ii^olitical Soiri

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By LYNN NISBET

ENTHUSIASM The enthusiasm exhibited by attendants at the Democratic State convention belied the idea so often expressed that the people are just not interested in the current political campaign. There were present many of the elements of the old time rip roaring type f Democratic gathering.

Governor Hodges was careful in the choice of words for his brief remarks, unlike memories of Governor Kitchin. Craig and Morrison in their heyday. Col. William T. Joyner was very dignified in delivery of the keynote address, never once raising his voice, waving his arms or hurling epithets at other citizens.

The rank and file of the convention attendants, however, did not follow the leaders in keeping quiet. Candidates for Governor and Senator staged demonstrations with marchers carrying banners and shouting the praises of their favorite. Each group had been allotted five minutes for the demonstration, and Chainnan Woodrow Jones enforced the limit. Many of the conventioners had never seen anything like that before. Some oldtimers recalled instances when the partisans paraded - for half an hour or more, fought *with opponents to retain their banners and position in the parade.

It wasnt quite like old times, but it was so much more lively than anybody had predicted, that it seemed like a real Democratic rally. Several conclusions may be drawn from developments at the convention. The *st Is that the ballyhoo and demonstration parades do not necessarily reflect Uie real

strengtii (rf the candidates. It isnt hard to hire paradera, the price often being nothing but a chance to participate.

UNCERTAINThe next and

more signicant conclusion is that the race for Governor is far from settled. There appeared small room for doubt that as of convention day Terry Sanford was in leading place. There also seemed no basis for the claims by some of his folks that he would get a clear majority in the first primary. Pact is, the showings made in the demonstration marches by Lake,

Larkins and Sanford were almost equally Impressive, and conversations around the hotel lobbies indicated much more relative strength for Seawell than was shown in the auditorium dMnonstration.

The 1960 campaign has been so different from any other almost everything about it might be termed surprising. Major surprise was the discovery that everjdwdy running for Governor and for Lieutenant Governor , has almost equal chance to win. That contributes to the uncertainty and to the maintenance of interest until primary voting

day next Saturday. The equal chance stems from the general belief there will be no clear majority in the first primary, and quite likely a run-off called. It has been noted before that all the candidates are running for position in the second primary, rather than for positive nomination in the first.

Rumors which had been current were confirmed at the convention that tentative, sometimes definite, agreements are being made among the other candidates to join forces in a second primary against the expected high man, Sanford.

The uncertainty as tp, final result stems from doubt that Sanford will have such commanding lead as to discourage call for a run-off and the known plans of all the other organizations to gang up on him for the second run.

LIGHT VOTE? A popular subject for speculative conver-sationis the probable number of total votes to be cast on May 28. There has been more than usual interest in getting new voters registered, which would indicate a heavy vote. The spurt of enthusiasm at the convention suggests more general concern than some people had thought prevailed. Another argument for a heavy vote prediction.

To offset that, late developments in several congressional and local races have decreased the prospects of big voting. In the first congressional district where Walter Jones is challenging the veteran incumbent, Herbert Bonner, there appears less interest now than two weeks ago. There will be a good sized vote, but both the incumbent and the opposition forces recognize less prospect of an upset. The same situation prevails in the fifth and ninth districts, where incumbent Ralph Scott and Hugh Alexander appear to be safe. In the 12th district what once looked like a real race between Roy Taylor of Buncombe and Thad Bryson of Swain for the seat vacated by the death of Dave Hall, is now conceded to be a wisilk-ln for Taylor.

The contest between Horace Komegay and William Murdock for the sixth district seat being vacated by Carl Durham has not generated enough steam to bring out an unusually heavy vote.

Legislative races in Halifax and Richmond counties, to mention just two of a dozen or more local situations, are expected to bring out a big vote that would not be attracted by statewide candidates.

Taking all these factors into account the forecasters have predicted a total primary vote ranging all the way from 475,-000 to 700,000. Your reporter w'ill stick out his neck with a forecast of around 575.000.

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ditions which offer opportunities not only to the people who already lived there, but also to people who chose to move into the Piedmont from other sections of the state.

It boils down to the point that while North Carolina has grown in population during the past decade, its growth has not been uniform. Sixty-one of the counties increased in population sufficiently to off-set the population loss of the other 39, and still increase the total population of the state by half million.

North Carolina as a whole* needs to consider carefully the conditions reflected by these census figures. It needs to evaluate its economic conditions more carefully and formulate positive plans to halt the population decline in specific areas. Such plans should include specific programs to help those counties where economic conditions precipitated the population decline in the past decade.

It is in the interest of the st^te as a whole that all its counties grow from the economic standpoint as well as from the population standpoint. The state will not be able to realize its potential until it can show uniform growth from the mountains to the coast.

Soviet Policy Switch Is Part Of Strategy

The masterful quick shift in Soviet policy toward the West has succeeded in keeping the Allies off balance in the recent international developments. The West is on the defensive and apparently with little hope of gaining the cold war offensive in the immediate future.

It is a situation that must be reversed, but to achieve that the West must come forth with moves that will snatch from the Soviets the advantageous position they have gained in the cold war in recent weeks.

After the U2 incident and collapse of the summit conference in Paris, Premier Khrushchev rushed off to East Berlin uttering implicad threats that he was going to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany, thus placing the West in a position where it might have to either give up West Berlin or fight for its rights in that divided city.

On arrival in East Berlin, however, Khrushchev told his audience the status quo on Germany must be retained at least for a period of months until a new summit conference could be arranged. Implied in this statement is the fact that Khrushchev will not seek to materalize a major Berlin crisis in the immediate future. This is just the opposite of what appeared to be the Soviet strategy earlier in the week.

At any moment the Soviets may switch back to the separate treaty pitch, thus setting the stage for rapid development of a major crisis.

Such quick shifts in policy has been a part of the Soviet strategy for years. The West has had to face the problem for years, but it has never quite been able to cope with it. The sooner the West learns to cope with this Soviet maneuver, the sooner we may expect to regain and hold the offensive in the international war of words.

Atomic

By ALVIN TAYLCfR

Notes Caught On The Fly

;^eal Switch In Russians Move

finally our under-the-table Summit meeting ^orreapondent has come through with the real inside dope on the Paris conference.

This report Is hot stuff. So hot that it gives a complete new picture of the g(rings-on in Paris. It was smuggled out of the ultra secret meetings by our boy and he didnt have to use the Riicide needle once.

Actually Khrushchev wasnt really so angry with Ike as it might have appeared. He was more hurt than anything else, so our correspondent reports.

*I like Ike as much as anybody, Nikita told the president of the United States. And I know that espionage is carried on by both your country and mine.

I knew that these plane flights were being made,*^ the Soviet leader ccmtlnued. And I realized

that high government officials must know of them.

Then Khrushchev gestured sadly, But, Mr. President, I didnt know that these deeds Involved even U-2."

Please no letters of commendation for our Paris cwrespond-cnt who finally came up with what was going on down under. Any good newspaperman would have done the same.

Besides too much praise might go to his head.

Heres hoping the signs will call attention to the receptacles. The condition of local streets at Umes shows the need for a little more careful disposition of trash by pedestrians and motorists.

Once again East Carolina College is closing down at the end of a school year.

For a couple of weeks tiiert will be practically no college students in town.

Trash receptacles along the business streets are sporting new signs these days.

The signs tell citizens: Dont Be a Litter Bug. Keep Our Community Clean.

^ the middle is an honest-to goodness litter bug complete with all kinds of trash.

It is during this time of year that local citizens e<Mne to realize just how such a part of the community life the c(^ge is.

Other Editors Saying. Education Is Costly

There will be a hearty welcome for the college when it reopens for the summer session.

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP)-The 1%0 summit fiascobefore and after gets dizzier by the minute. If you listen, you can hear an old record being replayed.

Take the American U2 spy plane which was downed over the Soviet Union. President Eisenhower told Premier Nikita Khrushchev there will be no more spy plane flights over Soviet territory.

But Thursday The Associated Press reported this country is so far along with the development of spy satellites that the first of a planned network of them should be circUng the earth in four months.

The AP reported; Experts say it will do a far more effective job than the U2 could and will be much harder to knock down. The AP added;

These satellites, whirling around the earths poles with photographic and TV equipment, will be able to scan every square mile of the earths surface and relay to Allied ground stations the location of Soviet missile sites and any unusual concentration of troops or war materials.

The Soviets have appealed to the United Nations Security Council to hear their charges of aggression by the U2 plane flights. The council meets Monday.

Eisenhower will propose later that the U N, supervise international aerial surveillance aimed at guarding the world against surprise attacks.

But its a real switch for the Soviets to go to the Security Coimcil to handle a problem which couldnt be solved at the summit because Khrushchev broke up the summit meeting as soon as it began.

Just two years ago Khrushchev agreed to hold a summit meeting in the Secui-ity Council Itself. He wanted the augmented council to hear another of his charge.s of American aggression but stopped the meeting before It began. He said the council wais loaded in Americas favor.

TI1U.S this yeur.s summit meeting was the .second summit conference he blew up.

In 1958 when pro-Western Iraq fell to revolutionaries, this country sent Marines into Leb-ancm with the explanation they were there to protect that small

The Soviets called this aggression and Khrushchev demanded a summit meeting right away. The United States proposed that the meeting be held in the Security Council Itself, with Uie heads of government from the United-States. Britain. France and the Soviet Union sitting on the council.

But a week before the council w'as scheduled to meet Khrushchev said: Nothing doing. He said

the 11-nation council was weighted on Americas side. So there was no summit meeting.

Now he wants to go to the council on the spy plane case even though a majority of the 11 nations on it are favorable to this country. This is the lineup:

United States. Britain, France, the Nationalist Chinese, Argentina, Ecuador, Italy, Soviet Union, Ceylon, Poland and Tunisia. This country should be able to count on a minimum of six, including itself, perhaps more.

Khrushchev had actually started calling for a summit meeting in 1957 but Elsenhower put him off in a string of correspondence which included for a time Premier Bulganin and earned all three the name of pen-pals.

But Khrushchev got very demanding when the Marines went into Lebanon. That led to the planned Security Council summit meeting which Khrushchev sidestepped.

This is a sample of the correspondence, pulled together from their letters:

Khrushchev accused this country of aggression, said the commander of the Sixth Fleet was a criminal or insane, and practically said Americas stated reason for going into Lebanonto defend itwas a phony by an irresponsible leader. This year he likened Eisenhower to a thief.

Eisenhower in turn denounced Khrushchevs choice of language. He accused the Soviet Union of indirect aggression by supporting aggressive forces, and of undermining the U S. by first wanting a summit meeting outside it. Eisenhower wound up charging Khrushchev with enslaving the satellites in Europe.

(WashiagtoB Daily News)

Today in North Carolina we have a campaign in full swing for the Democratic nomination for governor of this state. Each of the candidates has had much to say about education.

And by now we are In general agreement that it costs a great deal of money to offer educations to our j^ung people. Today we are woefully short In North Carolina of facilities. We have a Portage of teachers, and the salaries of teachers are so low that many of those we might normally expect to teach In our state are going to other states because of higher salaries.

If we are to keep pace with the needs, then the eople of North Carolina must pay more money. We cannot afford to sit Idly and let nature take its course. There are boys and girls in ever Increasing numbers seeking admittance to dur secondary schools and to our institutions of higher learning.

If we in North Carolina do not have the facilities and the teachers, the problem of offering adequate educations becomes much more difficult if not bordering on the impossible. We Just cannot do a good Job unless we have the needs, then the people of which to do that job.

Fifty years ago we dare say that less than 10 percent of our adult population had high school educations. Less than five percent of our adult population had any college training. Today that picture has changed considerably, and in a land where education is open to everyone, regardless of race or color or econo

mic conditions, the responsibility increases each year.

The biggest single item in the North Carolina budget today is for education. And the taxpayers are footing the bill. And some people are saying that taxes are too high, and that we cant afford to Increase the quality of the learning we are now giving.

We wonder if people in general have stopped to consider the high cost of ignorance. Education is costly, but ignorance Is more costly. For many millions of Americans, and for thousands of North Carolinians, mothers and fathers will leave their children very little in the way of worldy goods. But if they can give them adequate educations, have they will have in life?

The better educations we give our children, the lower will be the crime rate. The better educations we give our children, the better standard of living they will have. The better educations we give our children, the higher moral values they will have. Better educations mean better leadership, better personality, better character, and better living.

In America, we educate the masses, and it is a costly enterprise. But look at the countries where ignorance is rampant and compare that country with America.

North Carolina could cut down on its tax burden considerably by cutting down on the quality of education. But it would be a cosUy cut, and it would be one wed be trying to pay off the longest day we live.

Education does cost money; ignorance costs more.

Sfrerxgth For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS AND WITHOUT DELAY

Is the BiMe a reliable guide for life? It certainly U. Without the Bible we would not know which way to turn. Life would be surrounded with such impenetrable darkness that living would be a continual agony.

To say this is not to intimate that the Bible is a magical kind of book which gives us all the answers to lifes problems. Yes. the answers are there, but we have to search them out and dig them out. The spiritual immensity of the Bible is such that no one could ever grasp Its full meaning as the result of a single reading. All our lives we have to keep reading little portions of it, turning them over In our minds, prajrlng about them, trying to apply the truths we discover to the experiences we encounter.

We describe the Bible best when we call it a mine, and the characteristic thing about any mine is that there has to be a lot of digging by somebody before anything of value is uncovered. The coal is there, but it has to be dug out. The iron ore, the gold, the uraniumthey are all there, but they have to be mined. It is only in fairy tales that things just happen. This is not life. This is fantasy.

The treasures which make life worthwhile are hidden away by God and we are invited to dig for them. Achievement is costly.

Saies

Story

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1960, King Features Syadlca^. lac.

A key figure in the theft of the atomic txanb was Dr. Klaus Fuchs. British physicist, who had fled from Germany to England in 1933 after Hitler has risen to powr In the Reich. Fuchs had been one of a group of British scientists who came to the United States in December, 1943, to work in nuclear re^arch on the development of the atomic bomb.

British Intelligence was notified and In January. 1950, Fuchs admitted to the British that he had given the Ruesiaoa atomic secrets from 1942 to 1949. He stated tiiat while in the United States working on the atomie project, he had passed atomic information to the Russians through a contact known only to him at Rajnnond. Fuchs received the maximum eentem:e of 14 years imprisonment. He is now in East Germany.

A a result fA the Information furnished by Fuchs, the FBI began the seemingly impossible tssk of identifying Raymond. Fucbss sister. Mrs. Krtstel Heineman. Cambridge. Massa-chuaetts. recalled that in January, 1945. a stranger came to tbeir home and aidced for Fuchs, who was not thoe. He left a telephone number In New York for Fuchs to caR, and returned the fOUowinf month. Fuchs seemed to know him and ihef talked for quite a while. The deecriptlon of the stranger matched the description of Raymmd as famished by Fuchs.

Finally, in May, IMO. the search narrowed to <me man. Harry Gold, a chemist at the Philadelphia General Hospital. Gold said he had never been west of the Mississippi Rivn*. He gave the FBI agents written permistin to search bis home in Philadelphia. Behind a bookcase In Gold's home, a map of Santa Fe,^ the Otoital City" was found. Herry Gold stared at tile mtp, then admitted he was the one to whom Fuchs had given his information.

The downtown streets won't seem quits as Inlght without the students and the campus Itself becomes a ghost town for a short time.

Gold related for the FBI the paths he had followed during 14 years as a Sovtot agent One of those paths led to David Greenglass, tx-Army sergeant from New York City. Photographs of Greenglass were obtained and shown to Gold, who identified him as the man he contacted at Albuqu^ue. New Mexico, in Jqm 1945. Gold related that OreenglaM gave him information about his work at Los Alamos and Gold turned over the information to hJs Soviet espionage superior.

Greeaidasss sordid part in the estiionagt Slot was arranged by his liter. Kthel Rosenberg, and her husband, Julius, of New York City. Greenglass Initially passed infonnation about his work to the Rosen-berga through hit arife. Ruth Greenglass. Two months later. Greenglass returned to New York on leave and at Rosenbergs request, be made a number of sketches of a flat-type lens mold being used in atomic experiments. Rosenbn^g arranged tar Ruth Greenglass to go to Albuquerque to live and told her not to worry about expenses as the money would be a gift from the Russians. Rosenberg conceived a simpto recognition device wh*eby Greenglass would be able to identify any strang* who contacted him for information. He cut the side of an empty Jelb box into two notched pieces, retaining one and giving the other to Greenglass.

About this time, Soviet Vice Consul Anatoli Yakovlev contacted Harry Gold In New York and ordered him to go to Albuquerque on an extremely important mission after contacting Fuchs In Santa Fe. Yakolev furnished Gold with the Albuquerque address of preengla&s and gave him a piece of cardboard cut from a Jello box, his identification, and an envelope containing $500 to be given to Greenglass.

Gold arrived in Santa Fe on June 2, 1945. and, while waiting to contact Fuchs, purchased a map of the cltya careless act which would shatter Golds composure five years later when an FBI agent found the map behind a bookcase in Golds Philadelphia home. Af-(Cnntlnucd on page six)

How The U.S. Does Export Jobs

Opinions In Briei

"A history le.sson; In seventeen hundred and seveuty-bix ... A group of American mavericks . . . Renounced the yoke of tyranny . . . The tax on stamps the tax on tea . . . Our lathers felt that we were fit ... To tax ourselves and youll admitWe have been very good at it,The Nashville Banner.

Most adults who need a bit more humility can acquire It with the greatest of ease by visiting a student science fair. Hearing an 11-year-old discuss planetary motion or ttje techniques of microphotogrphy is not an experience likely to bolster the average adult ego, but it is mighty good for the soulThe Henderson Gleaner and Journal.

By ELMER ROESSNER

What is all this talk exporting jobs? demands a reader. We can export wheat and autos, but how can we export Jobs?

Exporting jobs is a popular term for the process of having something made abroad instead of by labor^ in this country. '

An imaginary example: The Axbycz Co. employs 19 men making an f^ctronic component. Each man is paid $3.75 an hour, making each component cost $4.15. A Japanese company, which pays workers the equivalent of 37V2 cents an hour, offers to supply the sahie part, landed and duty-paid, at 49 cents each.

When the company accepts the offer. It lays off the 19 workers. Their jobs. In 1980 economic parlance, have been exported. -A REAL CASE

And while that Imaginary

case was used to simplify the explanation, real cases are no less difficult to understand.

As you may have noticed, some slick foreign typewriters have been gaining in popularity in this country.

American companies asked the Tariff Commission to iinpase tariffs to restrict the imports. The commission refused.

So Philip Zenner, president of Royal McBee Corp., one of I'ue largerst American manufacturers. said:

"While we recognize our responsibility to oui* American workers, and will make every attempt to fulfill this responsibility in view of the decision of the Tariff Commission we mi^t now give con.slderation to greater use of our already extensive

European manufacturing facil-

ANOTHER HAZARD

Meanwhile, Smith - Corona Marchant. Inc , another large maker of business machines,

has announced that Is will concentrate the production of one of Its portables in England.

Victor G. Severin, vice president of the International division of the company, said 60 per cent of the machines would be exported to the United States, and 30 per cent to other nations, leaving 10 per cent for the British market.

These statements, of course, do not mean that the typewriter lindustry will immediately export most of Its jobs. It will appeal the Tariff Commission decision and, if that fails, ask Congress to act. But it has gone on record with its threat to move production abroad.

What Is happening to the typewriter industry is happening, in various degree, to the electronics, the machinery, the automotive and many other industries. Tasks that could have made jobs for American workers are now increasingly being

performed by low-paid workmen abroad.

BRIGHT. BRIEF

BUSINESS BULLETINS

A new system of restaurants will soon start appearing along the Eastern highways. . .Tiie fact that there is 106.7 squaie feet of display space on t:.e sides is being used to promcie the sale of an Imported pantd truck. . .Tests show' good newsprint can be made from t .e Everglades saw grass. . .Du Pont has trademarked tl.e name Orion Sayelle* lor is acrylic fiber introduced la^t year as Orion 21, , .By the 70s, between 25 and 30 per cent of home-building materials will be synthetics, glass fibers, etc . predicts H. Dorn Stcw'an. pre -ident of the Producers Council

. . . About 85 per cent of television view'ers favor some kind of censorship, according to a survey by Communication h Media Research Services.