PAGE FOO;. THE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C.

Wednesday, May 11. 1960

Wednesday, May 11, 1960

Ghost Writers In The Sky

Population - Wise, We Lost Ground

It should be disturbing to citizens of all of Eastern North Carolina that so many counties in this part of the state showed losses in population in the census figures released in the past few days.

Those counties which gained population are naturally proud of the progress that was reflected by the census count. The Eastern area of the state as a wholewhich included four congressional districts showed an overall increase of approximately 35,000 during the decade. That in itself is encouraging.

Even so, that gain in populatioft during the 10 year period probably will be far below the national average. Certainly it will be below that shown for North Carolina as a whole when the census figures are completed. Population-wise, Eastern North Carolina has lost ground compared with the rest of the state and the nation.

Of even greater concern are the counties of the area which have seen their population dwindle during the past 10 years. Our neighboring county of Beaufort was shocked by a decrease of 1,500 in its population from 1950 to 1960. Our neighbor county of Martin showed a decline of 900 in its population during the decade. Spotted throughout the Eastern area were other counties which lost rather than gained population during the 10-year period.

In this section of the state we have been aware of the migration from the farms into the towns and cities in recent years. Mechanization of agricultural operations, curtailment of crop allotments, a sagging farm economy and. other factors have hit hard many counties of this area, driving people from the farms in

New Efficiency !s Being Sough

By LYNN NISBET BIGGER UNITS The State Board of Education at its latest meeting heard renewed recommendations for consolidating small high schools into larger units, which can afford better educational opportunities for the children. The study commissions reporting also pointed out that Item is the plan to concentrate administration costs by reducing the number of units. Efficiency rather than economy is the primary objective.

The State Prison Commission approved proposals made by Director George Randall for consolidating i1son camps so that there will be 45 instead of the present 86, The prison program calls for a centnil unit of 400 ciU>acity for alcholics. and for a laiger psychiatric center. Other phases of the program include special facilities for the aged and thoM physically unable to perform hard labor. A significant item! s the plan to concentrate the incorrigibles and those requiring close security into one or two centers, where they will be fenced in and under tight guard all the time.

Reducing the number of prison .camps will save a good deal of money in administration, as well *as releasing property for other uses. The special units for physically lnciu>acitated and for alcoholics will ease the custodial problems at the regular camps with some saving in cost.

It is quite likely that separating the rougher elements from the ^rank and file of prisoners will result in economy, but the chief gain here will be greater protection for the public. In fact. Director Randalls whole plan is designed for more efficient operation, rather than saving money.

EPPICtENCY - The definition of "efficiency with respect to prison administration has undergone marked change in recent years. The (rid concept of a prison locked cells and iron-bound legs, the sole purpose of which was to punish the convict, no longer prevails. Emphasis now is more on rchabilitati(Mi .than on punishment. There are ; those who fear the trend in that 'direction has gone too far.

Modem penologists insist that the new method Is more effective and In the long view much more economical. Modem prisons, like modem hospitals for mental patients, operate on the theory that a few extra dollars spent to shorten the institutional stay and get the people back into productive and useful citizenship re-,presents a good investment.

CONTINUING It is interesting to note that the conditions which now seem to require con-solidation and more careful

classification are not new. The movement for school consolidation began about the end of World War I, and was accelerated when the State took over almost full responsibility for schools 30 years ago. The trend has lessened to some degree with respect to schools for primary grades, but continues in the hUh school area.

As a logical follow up of school consoUdatibh came the abandonment of county homes, the outmoded "poor houses, and-of county TB hospitals. Larger units afforded better facilities at less total cost for the care of patients. They received more adequate custodial care, but simple care is not the prime purpose. Quicker restoration to health wid productivity is the chief economic advantage. Official records of mental and TB hospitals furnish gratifying proof of that fact.

PRISONS Conditions in public schools and hospitals are similar in all the states. Some of the most aggravating problems in the prison system are peculiar to North Carolina. That is because N(n1h Carolina is the only state In which all persons convicted of crime, and sentenced to terms ranging from 30 days to life, are dumped into a common pot for administration by a single State agency. County prison units, misnamed "chain gangs, were abolished in 1931 when the State took over responsibility for aH public roads. While most State systems include only felons, a large percentage of the North Carolina prison population is made up of short term misdemanants.

Puller use of probation tends to reduce this percentage. The parole system . does not help much on short termers. Meantime, the prison administration must cope with the problem of classifying and disbributiag among the various camps some 7,000 short termers, many of whom are not really criminals in the commonly accepted meaning of the word.

This is the area in which rehabilitation could be most effective, except for the fact that the term runs out before much training can be offered. Classification and separation of classes is higt^y important.

Director Randall thinks the consolidation of units can be accomplished within present budget allocations. The tight security program may require additional money, but is designed to afford greater safety for the public from escaped or loosely guarded criminals. There are many people who think protection of the public is the reason for prisons.

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quest of earning a living. Though increased efforts toward industrialization the area and its individual counties have tried to provide new jobs for people who found it necessa^ to leave the farms.

For the mtmpart, those counties in the area which showed gains in population during the decade are those which have made some progress in that direction. In those where population dwindled, the rate at which new jobs were provided was not sufficient to keep pace with the disappearance of year-round farm employment. The people had little choice but to go elsewhere to seek gainful employment."

The population count points up the fact that Eastern North Carolina needs to continue its efforts to stabilize and if possible expand its agriculture, and at the same time intensify its efforts to bring in industrial plants. Otherwise it will continue to see its population growth moving at only a snail's pace^if at all while other sections of the state drain off its people to fill Jobs.

The problem is not one which is solely the concern of those counties of this area which lost population during the decade. It is a problem to which the area as a whole must turn its attention.

WeU Never Get All

The Puzzles Answers

It would be nice to fiave the answers to questions about the U. S. plane that went down in Russia a few days ago. But international relations being what they are, national security policies of both the U. S. and the Soviet Union being what they are, theres hardly a .chance that the people will ever know what really happened.

At least one U. S. expert on the U2 has said the picture .of" wreckage the Soviets claimed was the American plane bore no resemblence to the U2. Rep. Clarence Cannon, chairman of the House Appropriations Committee told the House yesterday tiie plane was not shot down by the Soviets, but apparently was forced down by "some unforeseen and unavoidable mechanical or physiological defect.

The claims and charges by both the United States and the Soviet Union so far have been conflicting, and there is every reason to believe they will continue to conflict. The Soviets will have their own propaganda version of the plane incident, and the U. S. probably will not want to give away secrets of its own in replying to the Soviet statements.

There are many questions which come to mind. Among them:

If the plane was hit by a rocket at 60,000 feet, how could it avoid being destroyed either in the air, or when it hit the ground?

If the plane was exploded in flight by rocket, how did the pilot escape? How was the planes camera and other equipment kept intact during the explosion and crash ?

Did the Russians really have the information they claimed, or did they make a supposition, a charge, and we fell for the bait by admitting the flights mission?

Did the flight take the Soviets by surprise, or were they expecting and waiting for it?

Well probably never get all the answers to these and many other questions, but if we could, they would provide interesting reading for people here and abroad.

The Ones 'mat Werent Cauah

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) But what about the ones that got away?

This must be on Premier Nikita Khrushchevs mind at the very moment he is patting himself on the back with the claim of shooting down an American spy-plane over the Soviet Union.

It was an event which, for various reasons, shocked the world.

But this event, because of Khrushchevs propaganda genius and our own State Departments clumsiness, has been blown far out of its true proportions, and for this reason:

Soviets spy on this country, this country spies on the Soviet Union. This time an American plane was caught doing it. OtKer times Soviet agents were caught here.

The only real achievement in all this was the prc^iaganda use Khrushchev made of it. Yet. if the truth were known, he probably suffered a shock himself.

Monday Christian A. Herter, secretary of state, admitted this country for years has been sending spy-pianes along the edges of the Communist world and sometimes deep into it. too.

This doesnt make the Soviet military look good. While Khrushchev can boast of one American plane knocked out of the skies, others for years were able to fly in over the Soviet Union, fulfill a spy mission, and get away untouched.

Monday night Khrushchev revealed "we took to task some of the Soviet military who, he said, let a chance slip by to shoot down another American plane which he said was over Communist territory April 9.

But it was the American government which presented Khrushchev with his propitganda chanc for catching Just one spy-plane on the Job.

In the first place, the timing of the planes mission over the Soviet Union was appallingly bad. It was sent on Ms mission Just a few days before President Eisenhower was to meet Khrushchev at the summit in Paris. They meet Monday.

There was the chance the plane would be nailed, with all that Involved. It was nailed and it enabled Khrushchev to point to this country as a treacherous antagonist at the moment Eisenhower was getting ready for the summit.

Then Khrushchev ran into a better bargain: This government, apparently assuming the pilot was dead and Khrushchev could

not prove anything, put out a feeble explanation: That maybe the pilot had lost consciousness for lack of oxygen and was carried over the Soviet Union by his ungulded plane.

The State Department also tried something else which, as the department itself demonstrated later, was a lie. It said there was never any "attempt to deliberately violate Soviet air space.

Khrushchev was waiting for something like this. He moved in. He announced the spy-plane pilot, Francis G. Powers, had been captured and admitted spying-

Caught flat-footed, the State Department tried to alibi its way out. It admitted Powers might have been spying but that "insofar as the authorities in Washington are concerned there was no authorization for any such flight described'by Mr. Khrushchev.

This raised immediate questions here and abroad: What goes on here? Doesnt Eisenhower know? Were military leaders or others carrying out spyihg without his knowledge or approval?

So the dpeartment had to clean this one up to show Elsenhower was in command. Herter said Monday American planes, under Eisenhowers general directives to gather information by every possible means, have carried out spy missions around and over the Soviet Union, although Eisenhower didnt authoriase specific missions.

All this really meant was that while Eisenhower approved the spying in general he left it to others to carry out the details.

Butremembering all the spying being carried out by the Soviet Union, past and presentif Khrushchev tries to pet too selftrighteous about this case, Eisenhower can say to him: Look whos talking.

rLTi

A

F)

InJ

By ALVIN TAYLOB

!aual Time

?or Us AI.

Recently we had a few words to say about Hooker Memorial Christian Churchs groundbreaking ceremonies for their new church building.

And readers will remember that we have followed a rigid policy of equal time for political candidates in this column.

Well, we want to do the same thing for the churches.

Therefore it is our pleasure to announce that Eighth St. Christian Church will observe its an

nual Homecoming Day Sunday. Hows that for equality?

Were Just Joking of course.

The reason we thought of it was because the ministers of these two Christian Churches happened by the Reflector office at the same time yesterday.

The Rev. Thomas Money of Hooker Memorial Informed us that the contractor had already gone to work on his new building.

Someone commented thift if

Sundays groundbreaking had been delayed, it would have had to be a corner stonq las^ng instead.

The Rev. W-J. Hadden, of Eighth St. Christian came in at the same time to bring some information on his churchs Homecoming services. The church will be celebrating its 60th anniversary also on Sunday.

Other Editors Saying.., All Summer Or 10 Months?

(Hertford County Hald)

Just now when the end of school is approaching and the summer vacation is in sight, along comes the report of the Commission for the Study of a 12 Months Use of Public School Buildings which says a majority of the school superintendents in North Carolina favor cutting down the vacation time from three months to two, with operation of the schools ten months in the year.

The commission that made the report is one of the numerous study commtissions that have been named ^y the General Assembly. It was created in response to the Legislatures wish to know more about the probaWlity of greater utilization of the investment in school buildiMA and to cut down on classroom construction costs.

Perhaps the school superintendents are right and ten months of school instead of nine would be more practical and economical than the long established practice of a nine montii term.

In some quarters it is being argiKd that the summer vacation period should be abolished altogether, not simply shortened. They contend that the summer vacation from school is outdated, that it is too. costly, they say that the reasons for summer vacations are no longer valid, that the practice is hurting American education.

When public schools started, they say, the majority of the children lived on farms and were desperately needed during the summer months for work on the farms. Now less than 10 per cent of, the school children come from farms. And farming, so the argument goes, has changed so much in the past decades that there is no longer a special need for the children during the summer.

Proponents of abolishing summer vacations say:

1. Todays children need to spend more time in school if they are to receive a full edu

cation. Thre Is not enough time under present schedules.

2. Summer vacations are too costly. Millions and millions of dollars of school property are shut up for three months and stand idlecompletely useless. Also we are not using the talents of our teachers efficiently.

Other arguments concern teachers. Some say teachers are underpaid for nine months of the year, then spend the .summer months doing odd Jobs work that doesnt require their specialized training. If the teachers taught throughout the year, they could be paid a fair salary and would be using their special training.

Others contend that teaching throughout the year would be too much of a strain on the teachers. The teachers need the summer months to rest up, prepare for the coming year, and to go to school themselves.

How about the students? Do they need the summer to recuperate, or is it just time idled away? How about those pupils who work to earn money for college or to help out with family expenses^

Those against summer vacations say the serious students who need to earn money can hold part-time Jobs throughout the year. Time during the summer now spent at camps, swimming pools, baseball fields, would be better spent in school.

There have been experiments in some places with year-round teaching, but with staggered nine month terms for both pupils and teachers. Generally speaking, according to school people, these experiments have not proved satisfactory and have resulted in a lower quality of instruction.

Perhaps this proposal of a ten month term will offer a practical compromise and solution, affording more time for more education, although it will not be a solution to the problem of reducing the cost of construction of needed class-i(X)ms.

So everybody is shaken up by the revelation that an American spy' plane has been downed over the Soviet Union.

The U S. public, of course, never really knew that our planes were making such trips, although perhaps some US-citizens suspected it.

So we find out we really dont know on In

this strange w<)ria struggle for which there is not historical precedent.

On the other hand, the Soviet public didnt know about such flights either. Now, they find out that so-called enemy planes can be sneaked into their territory without detection.

The resulting public reaction might be the same as that in this country when the Soviets put the first Sputnik in orbit.

Finally, citizens of both countries find that what theyve been told about resisting enemy attack Just wont hold water now.

In the United States the nations l^ders have established elaborate radar systems and missiles are being set up.

The idea was. we were told, to have the missiles ready for "massive retaliation in case enemy planes ever headed this way. Presumably Soviet leaders have said the same thing.

Now we find American planes have flown over the Soviet Union on numerous occasions and it is presumed Soviet planes have flown over Allied nations.

So the question now is: When do the missiles start flying? Certainly not when the first enemy plane is sighted. And if not when the first plane is sighted it will apparently have to be when the first bomb lands.

Rather than ruining hopes for the Summit Conference maybe this spy incident will help things along. After all it only reemphasizes what the world has known since that first A-bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. This has got to be the age of tha diplomat, rather than the soldier.'

Quote...

"Says an educator: You cant treat the adolescent as either a child or an adult because he is neither. No, but he sure expects to be treated, regardless.New Orleans States and Item,

.slaters

Still

Arounc

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

COPYRIGHT, 1966, KING FEATURES SYNDICATE, INC.

Some time ago. I received a letter from E. Mullins of the Policy Committee of the Institute for BiopoUtics of Chicago questioning me as to the truth of the report the aforesaid Mullins had received from H, L, I^nt, the oil tyc^oon. that Lenin, Trotzky and I made the Rua-sian Revolution. Amused, I replied that it must have been another feller.

Subsequently I heard that some Chicago private eyes, formerly FBI agents, w*e searching through files of my voluminous writing. Their apparent object was to discover whether I was or was not Zinoviev or Kamenev, or maybe Madame KoUontai or perhaps even Elsa Maxwell.

The conspiracy deepens!

Behold! I am told that a Ctti-cago millionair*, Vho I assumed is a friend oifliine,^ financing the XnstitBto tor |mpoUtic which made me a bit miserable, for the name mentioned is that of a good American. Let us pull! a veil over It aHf' t

Then I reeeii^^a.4etUHr from the XnstitiMe for EttopoUtics saying: "Your support is nee<led today! The document is addressed to "The White Men of America. The subject of the letter is "Parasitism. The first paragraph of this letter reads;

"The philosophy of the group led by Jews, which now Itolds power in the United States and in the other peoples democracies. is that of humanism. This doctrine holds that alnce all human beings are equal, any human being who worka harder and earns more shalt have a percentage (ri his earn-' ings taken from him and donat* ed to those who wolk less or not St all. As any triologist knows, the humui beings who subsist on the efforts of othmrs are parasites. . .Uw philosophy of humanism is the philosophy of parasitism.

The House Committee Qn Un-American Activities in 1954 issued a report on "Neo-Pascist and Hate Groups, Among those mentioned was the National Renaissance Party and the rep<Nt notes that Eustace Mullins, my Chicago pen pal, wrote an article for the NRP Bulletin. entitled. Adoif Hitler: An Appreciation.* Re is also noted to be a staff writer tof **Com-mon Bcnse, a Mrticutoiy vicious anti Dgg$caUoru

In his article on Hitler, Mullins wrote (m October 1952:

Eventually America must admit her debt to Adolf Hitler for it was Hlti^ whe fieet called upon all Aryan people to unite and challange isic) Jewish economic and political power. It was Hitler who first enunciated the doctrine of national self - determination and led the armies (ri Christian Europe in a great crusade against the godless Jews of th Kremlin. Hitler, like Christ before him, was crucified on a Ch-oss of Gold through the duplicity of his own Christian people.

Mullins is associated with Maynard 0. Nelsen who heads the "Realpolitical Institute which gives the same P.O. Box in Chicago. Prom the record that I have father, Mullins is a very ititte an^ggressive pers(i. He seems to be obsessed with the word "whiteman and his Institute has published "Pax Amerfoana, the Elite Whitemans Guideboc*, Mullinss associate, Maynard O. Nelsen, started his Neo-Naxiam while still at the University of Minnesota where he paraded in a Nazi uniform and distributed Nazi literature. The police went after him and he had lots of trouble. In 1954, he founded the "RealpoUtical Institute, for BiopoUtics. Nelsen is not only anti-Semitic but he Is anti-Christian, he regarding Christianity as a Jewish subversivo movement.

Another organisation owned by these two men is called "M & N Associates. This firm engages In ** Political Engineering. Here Eustace Mullins signs himself "State Chairman of the Constitution Party of IlUnois. In an article written by Mullins in this guise, ho says that "J. Edgar Hoover recent book, Master of Deceit,* was largely written for him in the ADL offices in New York, for favors received. A. D. L.

(Continued on page five)

One In 65 Employees Will Stea'.

By ELMER ROESSNER

One out of every 65 employees will steal from his or her employer this year, according to Roy C. Taylor, business controls analyst, of Akron, Ohio, He told the American Management Association that eaeh year 1,-000,000 persons yield to temptation.

Only a small part of the inside-Jobbers are persons with a criminal past, he said on a basis of studies of hundreds of cases.

Prom these studies, he was able to describe the typical embezzlers.

The male;

He is married and has children. Both he and his wife are from good families. They mow their lawn and cut the hedge at the home they are buying or renting in a nice section of tow'n. They often attend church and their children Sunday school. They are buying an automobile.

TV, refrigerator and appliances on the installment plan, with payments due or past due. They are in debt for money borrowed and other obligations. They have the normal illness and hospital problems that confront most people. The famUy dresses neatly but not expensively, are accepted socially and to their friends appear to Uve a normal family life He earns a comfor--table Uvlng wage or salary but his wife who is usually unaware of his steaUng, thinks he earns more than he actually does. THREE FEMALE TYPES The female: She may be classified in three or more ways, (1) the woman who steals to help her family,* invariably depriving herself of any luxuries. <2 the one who seeks a quick Jump from a life of semi-poverty to luxurious living and (3* the one who steals to finance a boy friend invailably running the gauntlet

of expensive clothes and accessories, flashy convertibles, gambling in many forms and other-w^ise living dangerously. If the second or third has given any thought to the day of reckoning, believes she can charm out of it and often is found to caU on her employer for leniency and business associates for assistance and support.

His studies, he said, showed three principal motives in this order: Uvlng beyond means;

gambling and high Uvlng, and costly Illness of self or family. EXCUSES OFFERED

Factors contributing to those motives, as offered by those apprehended, he said, were:

Smaller take-home pay: larger families with higher costs; abused installment buying; high Interest on money borrowed; increased taxes and fixed charges;

High liquor and entertainment expenses; costly vacations and

trips; costly strikes and effect on Income: "coiruption and deception In high and low places,* and more leisure time in which to plan trouble.

These reasons seem to be largely self-serving excuses. They seem to be efforts to blame other people for speculatioas.

Mr. Taylor had no single cure for this widespread larceny, but he urged internal controls, training of supervisory personnel, sound and frequent audits and Inventory checks, alertness to new methods of pilfering, professional advice and constant vigilance.

It seems that thefts could be cut if aU employees were educated to understand that losses diminished their chances of higher pay and reduced their job security. Pew internal thefts can be successful without ihq connivance or tacit approval of other workers.