PACE FOUTHE DAILY KEFLCCTOR, GKEENVILLE, N. C.

Wtdnctdayi May 4, 1960

Wednesday, May 4, 1960

Two Roads To The Summit

Making A Temporary Tax Larger

Remember the "temporary increase in federal -^ fTiaoline taxes which was enacted not long ago to keep the federal super highway program going during the recent recession?

As an emergency measure the "temporary tax was to be for a short period, to enable the government to boost employment during the business slump. It was stated by the President and by others that the tax would be removed when the "emergency period ended.

The recession is behind us now, business has risen out of the doldrums it was in. Employment is up, pro-diition schedules have recouped their losses, and predictions are general that the Sixties will see an economic grow'th surpassing that of the Fifties.

Even so, President Eisenhower has now asked Congress to add another one-half cent a gallon to the federal gasoline tax. It would boost the federal tax to four and one-half cents on each gallon of gasoline, and whats more, nothing has been said about removing the "temporary increase that was affixed to the tax not long ago.

The administrations pitch this time is that more funds are needed to "keep this very important highway program on schedule**. The federal highway program apparently has run into many snags. When the temporary gasoline tax increase was added mention was made at the time that the construction program had fallen behind schedule. The emphasis, however, was not put on the schedule as much as it was put on

the need for the government to do a little pump-priming in the sagging national economy.

How high will the gasoline tax go to keep the super highway program moving "on schedule?

Can the citizens consider the last gasoline hike as still a temporary measure that will be removed, or in a short span of time has it become a permanent part of the hidden tax schedule all Americans are expected to pay?

It now appears that this temporary hike in gasoline tax has now become just as permanent as other "temporary tax increases enacted* 10 or 20 years ago to take care of specific emergencies. The emergencies have long since disappeared, but the "temporary taxes are still with us.

In the case of the gasoline tax proposal, some clarification of the last temporary increase should be made before a further increase is considered. If it is the administrations intent to make the recent temporary increase a permanent part of the tax structure, it should first go to Congress with that proposal and then seek the additional increase which they say is needed.

There is little to be gained by continuing to try to fool the people by adding the meaningless word "temporary to taxes if the tax increases are to be permanent.

Keep Up Our Guard

Observance Of ! Historic Event

By LYNN NISBET

HISTOltY Appointment of Gen. Jolm D. F. PhilUps of Bontbtrn Pines and Raldyh M zeeuUve Mcretery of the Car-eMna Charter Tercentenary Commfataion means that group k yettinf down to the job of arranging approiMlate observ-anee of one of ti major historie evenk in State history.

R wu in 1663 that King Charlee n of England granted a charter to ^ht Lords Propri-etore vesting in them title to land in the new world to be known ae **Ckrollna ** It was no small ^ece of land. The area conveyed was bounded on the north by Virginia, on the outh by Florida and on the west by the South Seas the Pacific ocean. It emtH*aced territory of 16 present states and part of Mexico. The Lords Proprietors found the jobs of managing that vast domain far beyond their capacity} and subsequently they turned it back to the King of Englandwho couldnt manage or hold it either.

Much of the history of the Lords Proprietorship is vague. At considerable effort and expense the Department of Archives and History obtained an accurate replu of the Charter. The purpose of the Tercenten-nary Commission, which was authorized by the 1959 General Assembly, is to collect and ver-fy further information about the period and to preserve it in readily accessible form for school children and for adult students of history.

Whc . North Carolina wiU spearhead the observance, it is expected that the other states will participate, as well as the Federal government and Great BrltiUn. Frank Winslow of Rocky Mount k chairman of the SS - member commission of which General Phillips becomes the drectixif head.

CONFEDERATE A later Msterle event, which in some ways had more Impact upon North Carolina, will be observed in the CcMifederate War Centennial beginning next year and going through the spring of 1965tiw period covered by the greet war. The 1959 General Assembly also authorized a eommission lor the purpose, of which Col. Hugh Dortch of Goldsboro is chairman and Norman C. Larson of Raleigh is executive secretary.

The Congress set up a national commission to arrange for observance of the centennial. So did most of the states in which battles were fought. The congressional group Is known as the Civil War Centennial Commission. Virginia and several other states adopted that name. The North Carolina legislators took no chance of offending those who dislike calling the big fracas a civil

war or a war between tlw States. and took refuge in naming its participating group the Confederate War Centennial Commission.

Congress appropriated $100,-000 for the national C(nmission. North Carolina made no specific appropriation, but the act provides that necessary expenses shall be paid from the contingency and emergency fund. (Similar provision was made for the Charter Tercentennary Commission.- There is evidence that participation of some of the Southern States is not enthusiastic. Por purposes of historic commemoration it was unfortunate that the civil rights con-troveray and the outbreak of incidents involving racial integration came along at this time. Memories of atrocities during the reconstruction period following the war are too fresh to permit full cooperation of Northern and Southern agencies. Despite protestations to the contrary there have been intimations that the national commission might paramount the idea that the Confederacy was conquered.

INDEPENDENT WhUe the official government commissions are proceeding with plans for a region-wide cooperative observance, some other groups are working on the idea of relatively independent activities with particular emphasis on local history.

North Carolinians, for example, will be reminded that the battle of Bentonvle was in fact one of the biggest and most decisive battles of the war. And that the surrender of General Joseph E. Johnston to General Sherman at the Bennett place, near Durham, had only slightly less significance than the surrender of Lee to Grant at Apomattox, These and other North Carolina events have not heretofore been given appropriate i^jittcntion in the overall history of the Confederacy.

NEWSPAPERS-Data assembled by the Bureau of Advertising of the 'American Newspaper Publishers Association shows that the people of the United States spend more than a billion and a half dollars a year .for daily newspxi^rs. That works out to about four and a quarter million dollars a day. Undetermined other millions are spent for weekly newspapers, and still other millions for magazines.

Take another look at the $1.549,576,000 spent by residents of the United States for daily newspapers last year. That means almost $10 for every man, woman and childIncluding all those who cannot read voluntarily paid to keep them informed of what is going on in the world.

The Daily Reflector

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All advertising copy must be received at least one day before pubUcatlon data.

Far too many people in North Carolina and other states look upon the National Guard and perhaps military reserve units as organizations which do not need training, the best equipment and other facilities which go to make.up a top flight unit.

Too many look upon such units as stand-by organizations that will be needed rarely, if ever. Therefore it is reasonable that they should have hand-me-down equipment, only sparse training and may be left to sort of fend for themselves.

Looking at the National Guard objectively, however, just the opposite is true. It is an organization which is, to be sure, an important part of the military strength of the nation. Moreover, the National Guard is an organization which is called on from time to time to handle emergency situationsnot always military and it must respond at a moments notice.

When Gov. Hodges said in Asheville the other day that the National Guard must be kept modern, he was merely advocating something that good common sense demands. No one would keep on a boat a life jacket that was old, torn and probably would not float. No one would think of keeping in an emergency kit a flashlight with old batteries that might or might not work. When the time comes that they are needed though not frequentthey are needed quickly and they must perform efficiently.

So it is with the National Guard in this and other states. When they are called on to handle an emergency situation, they cannot be expected to do so if they are ill equippecl, or if they lack the equipment or training they need to handle the job. As a mobile force they must have adequate transportation. As an emergency force, the Guard must be able to move into operation quickly.

If the National Guard is assigned a secondary role, given secondary equipment, facilities and training, how can it be expected to handle the difficult tasks assigned to it?

If the National Guard is worth having at all and it has proved its worth many times overit is cer-tainl.y worth keeping well equipped and ready for instant action expected of it when called upon.

?oreign Aid Is Almost A Habit

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - Itz routine now.

Every year about this time Congress goes through a kind of self-torture examining the mutual security program, which used to be called foreign aid. Should it be continued? How much to give? How much to cut?

Then, regularly as a clock, it votes to continue the aid. Each year, too, just as regularly, Congress votes less money than President Elsenhower asked.

Congress is going through such a period now.

There is never any real danger that Congress might suddenly decide to abandon altogether the mutual security program which Includes arms for allied nations. plus other kinds of aid for them and backward peoples.

This foreign aid program is now an accepted fact of American life. It was started 14 years ago when President Truman sent help to Greece and Turkey which felt themselves threatened by communism.

There is no end to it in sight.

The problem for Eisenhower and the most earnest supporters of the program among Democrats and Republicans in Congress is to keep its critics there from chopping it to pieces by giving Eisenhower far less money than he asked.

There still is in this country, in and out of Congress, some strenuous but Ineffective opposition to the size of the program which Eisenhower says is necessary.

Still, as the record shows, the majority opinion is for continuing the aid.

The amount ,ELsenhower requested this year$4,175,000,000 is far from a record request. Ncverthclcsfs, Congress will whittle it down a bit.

This is the picture for the past four years:

1956Congress voted 13,766,-570,000, or one billion dollars less than the Pre.sident asked; lO.'i?-he a.sked $4 4(K),0(M),UO0 hut got $3 43.tlO.O(M; 19a~he a.sked $3.9.50,000.000, gat $3.298,092,000; and in 1959 Congre.ss gave him $3.225,15.000 of the $3,929.997 000 he requested.

One of the main roniplaint.s of the critics this year Is that the.

program is being badly handled.

Elsenhower tried to answer themwhile attempting to stiffen the congressional backbone enough to give him close to what he askedin a talk Monday night. He made a similar pitch last year.

The President, emphasizing that this help is important in stiff-arming communism around the world, said the amount he asked is the minimum necessary.

He pointed to some results of this involvement with our neighbors: a 30-blUion-dollar foreign trade for this country yearly; the Importing of materials we dont have, like manganese, tin, natural rubber, and one-third of our iron ore.

To this trade, Eisenhower said, 4Va million Americans owe their jobs. The point he tried to make was that this country, no longer able to stand alone, cannot withdraw into isolation again.

Its a point pretty well accepted by Congress for years.

Opinions In Brief

The man who wakes up and finds himself a succe.ss hasnt been asleep. Carlsbad Cur-rent-Argus. %

From a visiting speaker comes the prediction that Oklahomas average family 40 years from now will have an income of $20,000 annually. Now if he will Just specify what $20,000 will buy 40 years from now his prediction will c a r /y more weight, The Dally Oklahoman.

Almost $12 of every $100 you will pay in taxes in the next eighteen months will be used for Interest on the nstional debt.

Thi.<! i.s an all-time high; and shot!Id pusi) o\ir spirits to an all-time low. Boone (Iowa) News Republican.

By HENRY HOWARD

Thinas Seen And Hearc.

HAPPENINGS in and around Greenville;

Over on Evans St. the other day a minor scrape involved a pick-up truck and lady-driven auto.

It was in midafternoon when the sun was warm and most of the people that formed a small crowd around the minor accident because there was nothing else to do.

As the officers investigated via the usual cut-and-dried interrogation routine, spectators speculated about who was to blame.

Actually, not one of them saw the accident closely enough to know what happened, but one of the female bystanders declared. Theyll all say It was that poor womans fault.

Women lead a rough life

occasionally.

As most are probably aware, Greenville has added Putt-Putt golf to its commercial family.

Its a fascinating game that, according to reports, has attracted a large number of the local folks.

A feature of the 18-hole, par 36 course is the handing out of free passes when players poke in hole-in-ones at the right moment.

The course uses red, yellow, blue, and green balls and employs the same colors of lights to indicate which color merits a pass, should the player of that ball come up with an ace.

The whole deals set up on the honor system. And thats good for most folks.

But, says the manager, this one little guy Is either mighty sharp, or fast on his feet, or somethios; cause seconds after a particular color light goes cm. ^e comes gaibnilng up with that color ball between his thumb and finger announcing, with genulne>l6bking surprise, his hole-in-onc.

An official of an area television station was saying last night, nobody will be watching that station for the last two or so weeks before the coming Democratiic Primary.

He said they'll have practically nothiiig to offer but paid political announcements thousands of them, he said.

Other Editors Saying... ;!^/[aking Good Impression

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

It is becoming more apparent every day that Americana are growing conscious of what people of other countries think of us. Or at least many government officials seem "sensitive to such opinions. As for the majority of U. S. citizens themselves, it would be difficult to make a blanket observation concerning them and their attitude about what others think.

The Caryl Chessman case us a good example. Just before his scheduled e?(ecution last time the federal government received numerous protests and requests from persons over-seas many in high office. In fact, a demonstration against President Eisenhower In Latin America was threatened If Chessman didnt get a reprieve or delay of execution. To show that

Washington is indeed sensitive to such thinking, the State Department requested the Governor of California to grant a stay. He did.

But there are other areas, w'hich prove revealing in American relations with folks from

other countries. For instance, there seems to be a curtain of misunderstanding and indifference between American teen

agersthe sons and daughters of American military men and diplomatslive in a tightly-knit community in Berlin, but only a few of them have German friends.

Why is this? One of the girls, from Oklahoma, said: The

American teen-agers tend to stick together and have very

little to do with German kids. I think it is mostly a matter of ignorance. This girl believ-(7

es most American youngsters arrive in Germany with the idea that a war is still going on. Other* students confirmed her Impressions.

American youths tend to think Germans are different and they criticize them for it. Germans in turn think Americans are snobs. They are surprised when they find that Americans are ordinary people. One youth, son of an American intelligence officer, says he hes-^ itates to go out among the Germans because the natives stare at Americans, especially those dressed in light - colored, flashy clothing the Americans frequently wear.

Thus it would .seem that the Germans also think Americans are different. One American principal of a school there observes: I suspect that parents have something to do with this isolation. But the Americans arent completely to blame, Germans sometimes do have a tendency to.be rude.

It seems that Americans are not the individual goodwill ambassadors they once were. During World Wars I and II and the Korean conflict, the American GI became famous the world over for his frlently attitude, his generosity in sharing his food with war victims, his ready smile. Now it seems most Americans are not only suspicious of foreigners but also tend to became obnoxious when on duty or touring overseas. For some reason they seem to consider themselves privileged characters. When they learn this isnt true, things might improve in our relations with others.

A special guest at the annual meeting of the Pitt County Tuberculosis AssocUcion presented a real problem to local officials last night.

He is a native of Iran and the pronounciatlon of his name was not one of those things that can be picked up easily by the average person.

The lady who had undertaken the responsibility of introducing him to other members and guests resorted to the use of his first name only. But later, he had to be Introduced before the annual membership assembly.

Then one of ttte officers, a real thlnkmg-man, suggested a solution to eliminate the problem. He came up with an English translation of the good doctors name.

Who was it that said, Mans imagination is nature's greatest re.source.

Quot-;

An exchange of students should have a mkrked effect upon nations to understand one anothers problems, ideals and governments. Students here and abroad on the whole should be among the best and clearest interpreters of life. Bethel (Ohio) Journal.

! dissent

On Big Scale

By GEORGE E. SOKOL0KY COPYRIGHT, 1960, KING FEATURES SYNDICATE, INC.

The Afaoeiated Televiaion. Ltd.. of Great Britain aame time ago put on two television programs about the United States. One dealt with what la wrong with the United States; the other was a defease of th*a country. The defense was no better than the attack. What William Qark, the moderator of the program, seems to have wanted to have discussed was whether this has become a nation of dull, joyless, fat. and self-satisfied robots. He colect-ed a most amazing group of Americans to discuss the subject. Professor Wright MilLs of Columbia University answered Clark amply when he said:

When you ask the question what do you mean by confpr-mity and" dissent, you assume that all men tend to be political and that they eiUwr conform or that they dissent. Now neither of those situations is really the case for some people at least in the United States today. The situation Is a third. Namely, that they dont care either way, that they neither accept nor reject. So Hiat the problem of conformity versus dissent I should rephrase and say that it has been displaced In the UJ* scene as well as elsewhere, as a problem of apathy, of political indifference, of just not csring. 1 supposs this sort of thing is most likely to happen in a society which is doing very well economically, but I dont think that is the only cause of it. In the United States today there is no broad base of dissent. .

In 1 word, we are on the whole a satisfied, contented people who have little to kick about. It is a sound, realistio posiUon. even If it is temporao. The next one to be interviewed was Alex King. I read what bo had to say carefufiy but find nothing worthy of quotation. King apparently does not like advertisements which is his privUege.

Then Alger Hiss was brought on to speak for the United States. Clark's iatroductlon of Hiss is a marvel of understatement and may serve some pur-pose. This is what William Clark told Great Britain about Alger Hiss:

. .We pid this question to someone now livtng In obacur* Ity, his State Department career cut short by a famous trial in which he was convicted of perjury. . *

Hiss spoke wtwtionsily;

. J would think certainly one of. . Jthe causes) in the past 10 years has been fear; sort of nameless fear, but a fear of the unknown, of unusual. unexpected things, and ss a result of that, the thing sort of spread so that there has been a tendency to conform In the professions, in education, and even in cultural matters.

Had Hiss been adequately introduced, his British audience would have understood the cause of his fears. Furthermore. he might have explained that If there is fear In this country, H is due to the rising power of the bureaucracy of which he was one of the architects.

Alger Hiss was followed by Jules Felffer of whom I unfortunately never heard. His comments I cannot interpret. They are of the newfangled Beatnik type. For instance, he saya this:

. . .Probably because if you pay attention tb the issues theyre tpo frightening, because the issut. tcjSay ,.ls whether we can bypass next y<^r or not and its too horrible, to contemplate. Its not just who's going to win this local war. or whos not going to win this local war. it's whats going to b left and nothing is going to be left. Nobody wants to think about that.

It would be very interesting to know what this means and in what manner it explains the United States to Great Brita n There is much more of it and one day I shall return to some of it. Some of the rest of it gives the Impression that * are Just plain nuts, if these are examples of the great Ameri-ican dissenters. Clark might have found serious dissenters such as Earl Browder, the former Communist leader, James Wechsler, editor of the New York Post, Herblock, the cartoonist of The Washington (Continued on page five)

OSS Unrecognizea by lax Law

"The most common impedi-mcuf to .sj>cech in children is bubble gum. Gastonia Gaz-etts.

By ELMER ROESSNER

If you, dear reader, are a Congressman who wants to be re; elected this coming November, run (do not walk) to the legislative hopper and do something about that part of the Itnernal Revenue Code of 1954 that plants Uncle Sams hand in the pocket of the unemployed.

The act, the Internal Revenue Service has decided, after six years, docs not permit the-unemployed person to deduct for tax purposes the fees paid to an employment agency.

A corporation can spendand deducta million doUars speat to get a signature on a contract. But little Minnie Mfnichernn cannot deduct tlie money slie pa\ to get her.'.elf ol the uneinplujmeut rolls.

This means that if Minnie signs fpr a Job f)rovlded by an employment asency, agreeing to pay her first wrck.s wacrs for that job, she actually works for

less than nothing that week. The employment agency takes her pay for that week (usually spread over several weeks) but your kindly old Uncle Sam doesnt recognize that loss, and Minnie must pay Federal income taxes on pay she saw only in passing. THE FACTS If you think your reporter Is making this all up, ask your nearest IRS office for a copy of Rev. Rul, 60-158. You wUl see that while fees paid to secure employment were deductible back in 1920, the 1954 Code provides that no deduction shall be allowed for personal, living or family expenses.

It continues; No provision of the Code or Tricorne Tax Regulations provides for the deduction of expense Incurred in seeking employment. On the contrary, section 1,212-1 of the regulations states that expenses such as those paid or incurred in seeking employment or iu placing one

self in a position to begin rendering personal services for compensation aie not deductible as expenses for production of income.

The IRS cites a decision of the Tax Court (T.C. Memo 1954-147) In which it was held that expenses of advertising and travel incurred by an unemployed individual are not deductible either as ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying on a trade or a business or as expenses incurred for the production or collection of income. , Accordingly, it is held that expenditures incurred by an individual in seek-ing employment, Including fees paid to an employment agency, are not allowance deductioas for Federal income tax purposes"

Most attorneys will agree that the IRS interpretation of the law and dccislon.s is correct; that the inequity i.s based in the law it-self which only Congre.ss can change. They might also

agree that the law puts the government In the curious position of being an exploiter of the unemployed.

And if you arent a Congressman. write to one and tell him to do something about it. SHORT AND SIGNIFICANT NEWS ABOUT BUSINESS

Maybe theres no boom after all: Monsanto is increasing its aspirin capacity by 25 per cent .. .National advertising in February was 17 per dtent above a year ago, Printers Ink reports. ,

Last yetr chains added 351 new variety atores, Variety itore Merchandiser reports. More are expected thia yeai*. . . The gene-ro.sity of top management in charily drives sets an example for emplayeea, Gordon Hanea. hosiery magnate, told a top management audience. . . .Pink will be the fashionable color for glassware this year, predicts John C. Weber, We.st Virginia Glass general manager.