PAGE POUTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, UREERVILLE, N. C.

Monday, Nay 2, 1960

Monday, May 2, 1960If He BImIs It

More Scholarships Are Required

Another school year is rapidly drawing to a close in North Carolina. High school seniors throughout the state are preparing to don the caps and gowns and parade across the stage to receive their diplomas.

A good many of the graduating seniors, to be sure, will go on to college to continue their formal education. Others alrea^y^ave begun learning a skill in high school and have^eir eyes on jobs in their local communities or nearby cities. Some will go into the armed services. Others will still be trying to decide what lies before them long after the big graduation night is over.

Unfortunately some of the most capable members of the graduating class of 1960 will not be among those who enter colleges next fall. Particularly in Eastern North Carolina the number of valedictorians and salutatorians from high school classes who do not continue their educi^tion is alarmingly high. In many cases, the lack of economic resources prevents these young people who have shown their scholastic ability in high school from going on to college.

Over a period of years the increase in the number of scholarships available from the various colleges, and those provided in the individual communities have gradually made it possible for more dese^ing students to continue their education after graduation from high school. The fact remains, however, that there are not sufficient funds available in the form of scholarships to meet the need. Each year in this section of North Carolina there are many high school graduates with good scholastic averages, who want to go to college,

?erhaDs Sanforc.

as hdgeioday

By LYNN NISBET WHOS AHEAD? The most common salutation when friends meet around captol square these days is "Who will be the next Governor? If the men have had recent conversation on the same topic the question 1* slightly changed to "Whos ahead now?

Politically-minded folks come from all parts of the state, hoping to get some dependable information from Raleigh contacts. They are eagerly accosted by the capitol square denl-sens, who hope to get some new lines on statewide sentiment. Honesty compels the statement that there hasnt been much profit to either side in recent weeks. Here are some fair- -ly typical incidents:

A man from the northwest came by Raleigh on the way east seeking information on voting trends. In previous election years he has been a source of authentic data on his area. He says now that less than half the people In the counties of Wilkes, Alleghany, Ashe and Watauga are showing any real interest in the Governors race. Among those who are taking position. Sanford has perhaps a majority overall, with Larkins In second place, followed by Seawell and Lake way down the line. Because they are so low on the list, they apparently are gaining faster. What has this man stjonied is the silent element, including many men who have been active In leadership for favorites in previous campaigns.

The same day this office had a visit by a man from the northeast, a former legislator who has- been familiar with conditions in that section of the state. He echoes the plaint of apathy and the unknown sentiment of a great silent vote in the first and second congressional districts. A few weeks ago Larkins and Sanford appeared to have that territory, with some doubt as to which was ahead. Now he rates Lake as high man, but confesses he cannot appraise relative strength among the non-talking majority Of the people.

CITIES Your reporter interviewed several men from Charlotte,. Greensboro and Winston-Salem the big cities of the populous Piedmont. Reports were very much the same as to large silent majorities and as to position of candidates. There apparently is more evidence of change, or rather the direction In which change is being noted. These contacts agreed that Seawell Is gaining strength more noticeably than any of the othersbut that he

has a long ways to go. Lake does not have much open support In the cities.

Many students df politics question the significance of the Piedmont city vote in Democratic primaries. The population is dense there, and in the g^ral election the vote is h#vy. The ratio to population is good, when both parties are counted. It is not Impressive in the Democratic primary. Take a look at the 1952 vote for Governor, last time a real primary contest was staged. Mecklenburg with 197,000 people cast

19.000 votes in the primary. Wake with 136,000 population cast 27,000 votes. That compared with 21,000 in Guilford and

19.000 in Forsyth. Davidson, with a favorite son as a leading contender for the nomination. turned in a little more than 9,000 votes, While New Hanover with approximate same population cast 12,000. More people live in the Piedmont, but more Democrats vote in primaries In the East,

Lake has made his chief appeal to rural eastern counties and the strength he has developed there Is distrublng the other candidates and their supporters. They do not like whgt they hearand they fear even more what they are not hearing,

MONEY The heavy spending period of the campaign is still ahead, tait already there arc rumors of big money available and put in circulation. The first report required by law will be made on May 18then days before the primary. These statements will not reflect the full amounts received and .spent, but may give some indication of Which candidate circulated the most cash. In any event, North Carolina is likely to be a piker when compared with Florida totals.

State law there requires weekly reports. Through Saturday, April 23, the ten candidates for Governor in the May 3 primary reported aggregate spending of $1,235,000. It was estimated that at least half a million more would be spent during the final week.

One candidate reported contributions of $376,626 of which he had spent $354.218. Another listed contributions of $361.097 and expenditures of $345,849. Pour others listed expenditures ranging between $125,000 and $150,000 each.

Under Florida law no candidate could accept contributions after Thursday. April 28, for the first primary. The lists will be open agall the day after the primary for raising funds for the run-off.

who cannot because of the lack of financial resources at home plus the fact there are not enough scholaraliips to go around.

Because of this, the section is forfeiting each year some of its future leadership potential. Youngsters with the desire for a college education and the mental ability to profit by it, find their way blocked by lack of financial assistance.

North Carolina has long recognized its investment in education as one 'of the most profitable it can make. Its people have willingly supported the public system. They have contributed through taxes and thrugh personal donations to create within the state an excellent array of institutions of higher education.

But the need for more scholarships for high school graduates is acute in North Carolina. Too many of our best high school graduates are missing a chance for a college education because the demand for scholarship funds far exceed the funds available.

Indias Neutrality Is Undergoing A Strain

The visit of Red Chinas Chou En-lai to India apparently failed to bring about any reconciliation be-tween the two important Asiatic nations, and if anything increased Indias official coolness toward the communists.

On his trip home, Chou accused Premier Nehru of being unfriendly toward Red Chrina by telling the press and the Indian parliament that Red China was guilty of agression against India.

Apparently Chou, in typical communist fashion, does not consider unfriendly the military occupation of several thousand square miles of Indian territory by his own troops. But it was unfriendly in communist terminology for the Indian Premier to call the act by its right nameaggression.

Chous visit to India to patch up things between the two nations was a flop. He got nowhere with Premier Nehru, the Indian officials, and obviously the people of India were not particularly pleased by his visit to their country.

The situation again emphasizes the role which In^ia' plays in Asia, and likewise puts India more firmly in the camp of the free world against communism than has before been the case. Although India still outwardly maintains her position of neutrality, there is every indication now that she does not feel friendly toward Red China. India has now been a victim of com-muni !; tactics similar to those used against other nations, This time, India has not passively supported the communist position as it has at times in the past.

Although the dispute between India and Red China has increased international tension, at the same time it has made India a stronger bulwark for democracy in an important area of the globe.

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Credit Anc. Business

r

me

rena

By RALPH ROBEY

There are two aspects to the problem of consumer credit. First is the question of volume; second is the issue of whether borrowers know how much they are paying. The first is a matter of economics: the second is something which may be handled by legislation. In this column we discuss the volume; the next column will be devoted to the proposed legislation to inform borrowers of the cost.

Consumer credit Includes both instalment and noninstalment loans. The total now is at a new high record, just about $52 billion. Of this total about $40 billion is instalment , credit ahd $12 billion noninstalment credit. Automoble paper is the largest category, approximately $17 billion. During 1959 consumer credit as a whole increased almost $6.5 billion, (If which $5.4 billion was Instalment credit. The total is still growing and promises to continue to grow.

Is this total too high? To answer that question one must have some base of comparison. Any number of items may be used as a basegross national product, national Income, volume of bank credit, and so forth. But the item which generally is considered best is personal income after taxes, or what is known as disposable personal income.

If we take disposable personal income as a benchmark by which to judge the present volume of consumer credit, we must conclude that the total is not too high. This conclusion is necessitated by the fact that tlie total is a smaller percentage of disposable personal income than it has been at various times in the past,although the difference is small.

Another test of the goodness of consumer credit is the behavior of delinquencies. Here

the record is not so cheerful. Recently loans in the consumer credit category which were more than 30 days over - due

have shown a slight increase.

The percentage still is extremely low and the Increase is nothing to get excited or frightened about. But one does not like to see an upward trend in this figure, and it is to be hoped that the next report will show a decline of delinquencies.

What is the relation of consumer credit to the business

trend? It obviously enables persons to buy many things that they otherwise could not pur

chase. This means we have a larger total of business than we could have without such credit. It also meansJ^ that this larger volume to a considerable extent is the result of stealing from future sales. But that is true of all credit, and just as the total of credit must keep on increasing year by year, so must consumer credit.

The only danger of consumer credit is that individuals overextend themselves. This can happen, but history shows that even In periods of economic recession the payments on consumer credit are well maintained. For example, in the recessions of 1949, 1953-54, and 1957-58, more consumer credit w'as repaid in each case than in the preceding year.

Whether this record will be continued will depend primarily , upon the care with which consumer credit is extended. This is a matter of lenders judgment. and there is no reason for assumipg that this judgment is going to become seriously impaired.

In a word consumer credit today is not a threat to our business trend, and there Is no evidence that it will develop into a threat.

Strength For Today

Bv FARL L. noUGLA.SS TO HIM THAT HATH

Fritz Kreisler once offered a wealthy man quite a large sum of money for a valuable viohn which this wealthy man owned. The man. persistently reiused to part with the violin, saying there was no price that would tempt him to do so, Kreisler then asked permission to play it. He played as only Kreisler can play. Into the dead and silent Instrument he poured the power and passion of his genius. The wealthy owner of the Instrument listened m silence to the end. When Kreisler \ery tenderly returned the violin to its case, the wealthy man lifted it up and put it Into the arms of the great virtuoso. Tt belongs not to the man who bought it. but to the man who can use it. .

FlELt>ER5 ARE HT TO RUM.

VouUy^ CMA5E IT CLEAR BACK TOMOVBABER^, tFW6Ce4AR/^

By GEORGE M- SOKOLSKY

n Love With Microbes

Copyright, 1960, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Herbert Matthews of "The New York Times Is an expert on Spai.n and Latin America and like most experts in all fields, he ha., 'alien in love with the little microbes he sees through his glasses. His defense of Fidel Castros regime in Cuba as a "social revolution becomes meaningless in the face of the record as it unfolds. The denial of Communist Implications does not hold up from any study of the facts-

Revolutlons^ are made by men with ideas and purposes. Revolutions are never mass explosions. They are the product of careful planning, of the preparation of slogans and paraphernalia, of the readiness of the leaders to man their posts with immediacy. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was in the making for half a century and the Bolsheviks organized for it in 1903.

All modem revolutions have been social revolutions; Matthewss redundancy establishes no additional information. What

Is meant by the phrase "social revolution? It means the dispossession of the possessing classes and the redistribution of both wealth and power to other classes.

A Commuhist revolution, whether in the stage of a peoples republic which Cuba is now, or in the stage of a Socialist state which Russia is now, or in the attempt to establish a C(n-munist state which Red China is now, Is always a dictatorship, for its essential characteristic is the dictatorship of the proletariat and thus whoever controls the proletariat is the master of the state.

Among the social revolutions wlch have failed are those of Hitler, Mussolini and Peron. The only proved successful social revolutioos have been those of Lenin in Soviet Russia and Tito in Yugoslavia. WiUiout a revolution, FTanklln D. Roosevelt effected vast social changes in the United States,

To repeat, revolutions are made by men and' Fidel Castro collected a group of men from

Other Editors Saying... Agriculture Big Business

(Elliabeth City Advance)

Some of our candidates for govemOT, Congress and other offices of Importance are beginning to turn more attention to agriculture whkh, after all, is one of North Carolinas most Important businesses.

It is of extreme importance to the Albemarle section as Chairman Pete Reid of the Pasquotank County Board of Commissioners has emphasized on more than one occasion. Recently he stressed that while the search for new industry is important to this section which has few such plants, it is even more Important to develop the agriculture business for which this section is most noted.

Few of us realize that from the farms of the South flow more than $8,000,000,000' in products each year. And the counties of our own area are doing their part in making such a figure possible. Crop sales from Southern farms top $5.-000,000,000 annually. Cotton continues in first position, followed by tobacco. Fruits and vegetables hold third place. Other crops rangirtg from peanuts to cabbage to Irish potatoes to soybeans to xornall or which are raise in abundance in the Albemarle section, turn over a billion dollars a year into the economy of the South.

The South produces 73 per cent of the nations income from cotton, 100 per cent from peanuts, 93 per cent from tobacco and 24 per cent <* from fruits and vegetables. Its forests furnish more than $500,000,-000 annually.

Livestock sales exceed $2,000-000,000 each year. Hog Income nears $350,000,000. The South accounts for 18 per cent of the nations cattle sales, 16 per cent of the dairy, and 13 per cent of the hogs.

The South in general, and North Carolina in partirular, holds a spotlight position in poultry, production. Broer income approaches $500,000,000 each year with about $350,000,-000 worth of eggs going to market annually, plus $100,000,000 in other poultry, including turkeys. Two - thirds of the broiler income of the United States if produced in the South.

The Souths dream of balanced farming is fast coming true with livestock and poultry furnishing as much income as crops. When we have such figures before us we can easily see the Importance of concentrating upon the things we already have and making them even more Important in the economy of our particular area.

many countries, most of whom are either Communlsts 'or fellow traveller.

The leading men are his brother, Raul Castro, Chief of the Army, Dr. Che Guevara, head of the National Bank, Antonio Nunez JUnenez, head of XNRA (NaUonal Institute of Agrarian Reform), Dr. Waldo Medina, head of the Legal Department of INRA who can change the eon-stltution, Pino Santos, head of the Commercial Division of INRA, Santos Rios, General Assistant to Fidel Castro. Assoclstp ed with them are Czechoalovak-ians. Italians, Germans, Japanese. Guatemalans, ArgenUnians and others, who are om ahade or anothet WiageiaL..

Cuba la practically without political parties except the SociaUsjL'-Party^ ^ Com

munistic. Fidel CaiQ0 does cot belong to a political party but is representative of a peoples movement. However, the cooperation of the Socialist Party is accepted. Communism is regarded not as political but as ideological. The official paper of the government, "Revolucin. is edited by Carlos Franqui who is a Communist.

The first characteristic of a Communist revolution is the sequestration of land without compensation. It is a fundamental of the Marxian doctrine that the land belongs to all the people and its produce to those who work it with their sweat and blood. T <5om5?enSate landlord! is to give profits to the capitalist class, thus acknowledging that they have some rights. Before Mlkoyan came to Cuba, there was some discussion of giving the landlords a kind of bonds for their lands, houses and cattle. Now they get nothing, after the Russian Marxian pattern. The next step will undoubtedly be the establishment of state-owned industries by seizing all the sugar mills, which will be nationalized. The mark of a Socialist Revolution anywhere, by definition. Is the seizure by the government of the means of production, distribution and exchange. The next stage is the abolition of the family, of religion, of nationality and the establishment of the dicUtorship of the proletariat.

Every person in Cuba will sooner or later be working lor the government and will be policed by Castros militia. The development of such a militia (Trotzkys Red Army) can, in short order, hold any unarmed people in absolute thrall. Every revolution employs such a militia not to achieve social change but to keep in power those who have seized power. An example of (Continued on page five)

,ook At Values

By ROGER BABSON

BABSON PARK, Mass., --Probably no event this past year in higher education has stirred up more of a furor than the late Beardsley Rumls plan for curing the fiscal ailments of otir colleges.

A TAJCPAYERS FINANCIAL ^ PROBLEM

MOst readers know that in- ~ flatlon has made such an impact upon our coRegei that fees have been constantly increased year after year. Toiltoy we are failing to develop i^me of our best brains becadat many brilliant high school graduates just cannot afford college.

To slow down this ever-accelerating spiral of educational costs, and to attract and hold better faculty,' It has been proposed that the colleges mass-produce students as an automobilo factory mass-produces cars. Theoretically, if a professor teaches 50 in a class Instead of 25 students, he has doubled his production. Greater produotivity should cut operating costs and in turn lead to higher salaries. Another suggestion is to chop out of the currlctaum the many courses of study for whkh demand is slight and classes small.

I personally do not believe In large classes; but I do believe that both high schools and colleges could omit many courses which are now cluttering up educational efnciency.

REACTIONS TO ECONOMIES

ReacUoos to these plans have been violent. Educators everywhere have been vociferous is their opposition. They argue that students are not to be shsqwd on a production line as chunks of metal are milled and bored for enine Wockl. The large lecture hall, educators rlghfly contend, would then become little more than a meant for transferring the professor'i notes to the students notebooks. A college education is not just cramming the mind with facts about history or science or busiiRss. There must be reaction by students: where there is no reaction, there is no learning. Ideas must be chewed, digested. assimUated into the students own philosophy.

To effect this reacti< an instructor must challenge his students, listen to their questtons. crltlclzs or icourags them. Education is the sum total of ones development of character. / ones attitude and reactiona to ' life. With such educational goaia I fully agree.

Yet if the average high scho<u or college would be honest about bow effectively it is aoeomplish-ing these goals, all tt his to do is to seek the opinion of its most msture students. When it docs this I wager many an administrator will be shocked to leam how many instructors are complete bores. The question of cut-ting out courses is entirely different; when only a tew students want a certain course, let them go to a nearby college and get it. Such courses should be taught by only one college within a radius of 15 miles.

REAL PROBLEM IS ONE OF VALUES

A look at our national appetite for a good time, our national pasttme of belittling things intellectual. our accelerating divorce rate, our shrinking from unpleasant responsibilities, our shocking juvenile delinquency, and our measurement of "success In terms of material possessions, makes one wcmder just how effective Is the present educational method which our educators so stoutly defend.

What kind of citizens have we after they have graduated from college? Have they developed habits of straight tiding? Are they intellectually honest? Have they made their neighborhoods any better? Have they produced better children? Are they any freer of prejudice? Do they cherish and work for spiritual values for their community, the nation, and the world? These are what will make us or break us in our itruggle for world leadership. While tiiert may not be any easy academic short cut, I believe there must be a leas costly way to sound education. Taxpayers who foot the bUls have the right to expect methods that will produce much better education at much lower cost.

U.S. Drive So Good It May Flop

All thines belong to the men who can use them. There is no doubt a great deal of inequitable distribution of goods and benefits in this world. There are sections of the world where multitudes of people never know what it means to get a square meal. But it is true also that in this country of ours, things In a surprising majority of cases get into the hands of people who can use them. This may sound like social heresy to many who want ta break tip the status quo and start things anew on some other basis, but it is always well to remember that the disposition of the universe Is constantly to put into practice the great principle that to him that t.ath it shall be given, but from him that hath not, shall be taken away even that which he hath.

By ELMER ROESSNER The American export drive may flop. Partly because it is so good.

The drive was dictated by necessity. American Imports in recent years have exceeded exports by widening margins. To balance Imports over exports, government has had to pay out gold. Our gold reserves have been shrinking, as has been told and explained in many previous columns here.

One cure would be an increase in export sales. If America could sell as much abroad as it purchases there, there would be a balance of trade and hence no imbalance of the fold supply. This Is a simplification, because other factors, such as tiavel, gifts and military spending abroad are factors but, if imports and exports were In balance, our gold supply would be in little danger.

MORE IO.MPETITION One reason America is buy

ing more abroad than it sells is that foreign labor costs are lower. It is cheaper io import a transistorand thousands of Other itemsthan it is to make duplicates in the . S, under current wage rates.

However, the money we send abroad for transistors and other items Is available for the purchase of American - made goods and is encouraging business to step up sales abroad.

This has started to work. There Is sincere reciprocation among foreign nations; they want to buy American goods within their means and they do not want the U. S. dollar weakened.

THE WEAKNES

However, the more friendly nations are Impressed with our export drive, the more they are Inclined to copy it.

Since our export drive has been launched, the Japanese have, started a campaign to increase their sales abroad by 12

per cent this year. The British have started a similar export drive and, before long, all of the Western nations will be w'orking on plans to increase their foreign sales.

We cant complain; we can only show enthusiasm when allied nations follows us to the paragraph in planning. But in the end, if all the Western nations increase their export selling efforts as much as we do, our imports will continue to exceed our exports, and the threat to the dollar will remain.

We will, in short, reach a Japanese standoff.

This standoff situation will develop further during the U. S. World Trade Pair opening in New York. Coliseum American manufacturers will bring to heads many of their drives to sell foreign, buyers, and many foreign seUers will ifiake their climactic effort to sell the American mrnket.

Prediction; AU attendance

and all order records for such exhibltiona will be broken after the show starts next week.

OLD PROMOTER MAY HAVE A GOLDEN SUGGESTION "Cliche mongers 1" muttered the Old Promoter when he barged In on hia weekly unlnvit4)d visit today. ' . ^

"Who? we asked.

"The businessmen .and eqoii-omists who keep grabbing ml-.crophones and talking about the booming Sixties or the roaring Sixties. Im in favor of boom no leas than any Chinese firecracker fabilcatr. But I dont believe we wilFget it with cliches, stereotypes or slogans. We tried to slogan ourselves into perpetual boom in 1928. and look what happened in 1929,. Let's not try to talk the economy into wagging Its tail again. "Have you a better idea? we asked.

"Yes! snapped the Old On. "Get out there a^id selH