PAGE FOimTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Friday, March 18, 1960

Friday, March 18. 1960

What Makes Communities Grow?

What makes a community grow and prosper? to 1870. That year the census gave Greenville only 601 What makes a town or city attract people, hold them inhabitants and it ranked 16th among the towns of the and increase ita population over a period of years? state listed for that years census.

Many things, of course, but probably more than Even so, Greenville still outranked in size Greens-

any other factor over a long period is the economy of boro which had only 497 people in 1870, Rocky Mount the community and the area which surrounds it. which had 443 people. That same year Goldsboro was In this year in which the Department of Com- a town of 1,134, Wilson had 1,036 people, New Bern merce will conduct the 18th decennial census of the more than 5,000 and Kinston 1,103.

United Slates there is more than the usual amount of In the decade that followed, Greenville's popula-

interest in population growth, and how the various tion increased 51.7 per cent, and between 1880 and cities, towns and counties compare in terms of popula 1890 the towns population jumped 112.4 per cent to tiun , 1,937 people . . . just 144 mor? people than it had 40

We were also interested in looking back over the years before, old census figures for North Carolina to see how In the decades since, Greenville has shown a Greenville compared over the years with other cities steady growth in population with increases ranging in the state. from 32 per cent to 59 per cent from one census year

For Greenville the first official census figures are to the next, for the year 1850 when the count of men, women and In the meantime, Greenville and other communi-

ohildren showed a population of 1,893. Small^ indeed ties of the East which were among the big cities of compared with todays population estimated at 20,000 North Carolina a century ago have taken a back seat or more. But in 1850, according to figures supplied by to the cities of the Piedmont section. The states large the Department of Commerce, Greenville was the fifth centers of population have shifled from the Coastal largest town in North Carolina. Plain to the central part of the state. Economic devel-

In that year Charlotte, now the largest city in the opment has played an important part in the shift,

state, had only 1,065 people. Wilmington was the And what will this year show when the census

largest city in the state with more than 7,000, New figures are compiled? Has the central part of the state Bern was second with 4,681, Fayetteville was third continued to outgain the Eastern and Western sec-by 35 people and Raleigh was fourth with 4,518. tions? Moat agree that it has, but when the census

By 1870, however, the population picture had figures are compiled, definite statistics will be avail-changed drastically for Greenville as it lost more than able.

56 per cent of its population from 1850 to 1860, and . And what of the current decade which will end dropped another 27.4 per cent in the decade from 1860 with the census of 1970? Will the effort which Eastern

North Carolina is putting forth to develop its economy be reflected in population growth rate equal to or higher than that of other sections of the state?

The Cornerstone Is Laid

County Govmt Story

By LYNN NISBET

COUNTIES - Alex McMahon, executive secretary and general

counsel pi the North Carolina Association of County Commissioners. has compiled in booklet form an explanation of how county government operates in North Carolina. The text is written in easy narrative style, free from legal and political jargon. This is not a review of the little booklet, although it is commended for reading by all people concerned with government. Two paragraphs from the Introduction afford interest.

North Carolina today has an even 100 counties. They range In age from Chowan. Currituck, Pa'quo*ank and Perquimans, created in 1670, to Avery and Hoke, created in 1911. They range In size from Chowan with 180 square miles, to Sampson with 962. And they range in population (1950) from Tyrrell with 5-048 people, to Mecklenburg with 197.052.

These 100 counties can be divided roughly into three geographic areas: the East, the Piedmont, and the West. They vary in economic and sociad characteristics, some being predominantly agricultural and rural, others being predominantly industrial and urban, and still others being a mixture. But the similarities are as marked as the variations, and county officials from over the state are (juite likely to think and act alike on questions of mutual concern. Moreover, no one county or group of counties dominates the state, and the largest county In population had less than 5 per cent of the states total population in 1950

The two last sentences are significant the similarity of problems amid diversity of conditions, and the lack of dominant control by any one or small combine of counties.

Copies of the booklet may be obtained from the association offices at Chapel Hill at 50

cents each.

PATRONAGE The spolh

system under which government jobs went to supporters of successful candidates is on the

way out. The practice Is as old as history, but its most quoted adherent was Andrew Jackson who very bluntly announced that to the victors belong the spoils, A recent study of the matter by Prof. Prank J. Sor-auf of the University of Pennsylvania. discloses n*at govern

ment Job patronage \s fast declining. He attrihjtes the decline not so milch to morals or advocacy of civil service as to changes in economic conditions and political techniques.

The professor (t)nnl that economic prosperity and high level of employment makes it

tched

increasingly difficult to get the kind of men needed for the top government jobs on temporan' basis or for one term Result is that more and more of these positions have guiie to mediocre men. who actually contributed very litUe to party prestige. This has accentuated the trend toward career personnel.

Patronage is more important in the States than ai national level, because riongress has retained large control over Federal patronage; but loss of the chance to offer positions may weaken a governori ability to push his program through the legislature. Sorauf found that all the patronage aijpom-.ments by President Elscahow*r wher, he came into office represented only a fraction of one per ccrt of Federal jobs.

Direct patronage of a North Carolina cxecutiv* ior salaioed positions is also i mal portion of the total numler o* State employees. Indirect influence over jobs, and the large number of honorary" places oa beards and commissions constitute the main part of the Oovernors largess.

JURIESArchitects of court reform should consider very carefully before curtaiUr.g the absolute right to jury trial, in opinion of J. P. Nunnelly of the Los Angeles County Public Defenders Office, as presented in the current Journal of the American Judicature Society

North Carolina law permits waiving jury trial In most civil cases and in some criminal actions. Extension of the right of waiver has been suggested as a means of speeding up court action. The Los Angeles defender cautions against by - passing juries. Judges know the law. he says, but are not expert In evaluating witnesses, or deciding who is telling the truth. For that purpose 12 heads are better than one. Jurors bring hundreds of years of composite and varied experience to the judgment.

Some Judges cannot understand why any person should drink, and so are especially hard on drunk offenders. Pew Judges came from lower class backgrounds and seldom have known what It is to be hungry. Their standards of conduct are bound to differ from the defendants, who is apt to be poor and unsuccessful. Judges are bound by the law; Jurors sometimes feel free to moderate the law to achieve justice.

Numnelly concludes his presentation with this sentence: It is not that we lack faith in our judges or in our legislators: but In evaluating human conduct. we have more faith in the collective decision of average people.

Staggering Deemed A

Figure Is Necessity

SrmkMte. Im.

By PATRICIA MOORE

A goal of $180* million for public school con- ^ struction in North Carolina during the next three years

May Be A Long Time

might at first seem a staggering figure which the state could not hope to reach.

Yet, according to Charles Carroll, State Superin- _ tendent of Public Instruction, that is what is needed cuban soldiers to mg Ameri-in North Carolina during the next three years. cans from Ump posts in Havana

In a lump sum, it sounds like a mighty high figure. contrastingly pleasant

Spread on a state-wide basis, However, the figure as- Aprii^^ Caribbean island

sures a much more realisticand much more attain- The sun was shining when ableproportion. ^ our boat docked in Havana

The $180 million over a ihree-year period school construction would amount to $60 million for Svinf^boys were ahouTiig for each year. Further broken down, it would mean an tourists to throw dimes, quar-average of $600,000 each year icr each of the counties and other coins, of North Carolina. To be sure there are many counties atmosphere was festive,

in North Carolina who will spend only a small fraction dSkinTUtot "aViS

of that amount for school construction during the terminal building. But looking period. There are other counties, on the other hand, out seaward, we could observe which will spend considerably more than $600,000

each of the three years for school construction. iots nailer fishing crin and

It will, to be sure, represent an increase over the some pleasure boats, current rate of spending for school construction, if we exited from the boat, past North Carolina reaches that figure during the period. Salvation Army ladies, pro-Even so, most counties of the state have increased their capital outlay appropriations in recent years and have

built new schools at a more rapid rate than before. O'^yiHy ...

With the school population continuing to increase, - tttt* i t-n. ^

there is every indication the spending rate for more TllCjt Vi/TnHoTTU Tl r

classrooms and other school facilities will have to in- Laol v v vY J_yi^OOixiv^ .

cre'ise. (Washington Daily News)

The appeal by Supt. Carroll for more school con- In recent days there seems to struction should prompt every county and city school * whis^ring carnpaign mak-

administrative unit in the state to carefully examine cffecrSat the SouUiero filibus* its needs for the next few years. It should also prompt ter against the civU rights bill the people of the state to lend further support to the H ^ sincere effort to

program of public education in North Carolina in order u ^might mere poUca*^^^ that the physical plants will be available to meet the dow dressing, needs of the school-age children in every community thought seems to be that

of the state.

ceedlng to the streets via limousines and were chased down the streets by throngs of little boys begging for money. We gave to a few, until we realised it was a never ending process.

Before we had landed, our tour leaders warned us against discussing politicsthe revolutionwith Cubans, though they said the Islanders would be interested in our reactions. They w'arned us against conducting our own personal tours through the city of Havana at night. The after-reviMutlon atmosphere in Cuba even then was uncertain as far as American visitors were concerned.

Our trip to Havana at that time of uncertainty, just after the revolution really ended and prior to the present violent anti-American feelings, has in-

Mid-March Is iUcky For Nixon

The Daily Reflector

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - The middle of Marchthe Ides of March, the old timers used to call itit a happy, lucky time for Vice President Richard M. Nixon. Or maybe its just a coincidence.

But at least its the middle of March in a campaign year when President Eisenhower suddenly warms up publicly to the vice president.

In the early weeks of the 19.56 presidential campaign year Eisenhower was quizzed repeatedly as to how he felt about having Nixon running again for the vice president on the Republican ticket with him.

For some reason Elsenhower always avoided a direct, answer until March 14. Then at a news conference he got enthusiastic and said hed be happy to have Nixon as his running mate again.

The years pass. Its now four years later, i960, and again its a presidential campaign year. Eisenhower himself cant run again. But at this moment theres no one In sight to challenge Nixon for the Republican presidential nomination.

Still, up to now, Eisenhower had avoided stylng anything directly that looked like his full blessing for Nixon. Then Wednesday. March 16, four years and two days later, it came again.

At his news conference Eisenhower made it clear he wants Nixon to be elected president. It was. in effect, the full Elsenhower hlessing.

While Nixon thus is right on schedule in getting Elsenhower's approval, the vice president is far ahead in another sense. Hes been living practically a charmed life in this campaign year That's a lot different from 1956

By this time four years ago he was being denounced by Democrats who took it for granted, without waiting for Eisenhowers aonroval, luai Nixon was irotnf to be the pres-ident.- riinnln mate. o>pone;i:s I'nt the Democrats

The bricks he got hit with werent made of sponge-rubber. Adlai Stevenson was calling Nixon a hatchet man and former President Truman was complaining Nixon had called him a "traitor. Nixon In-sistedhe hadnt, really.

But the worst although It turned out to be hardly more than a puff of windwas yet to come. A little later in 1956, before the Republican convention, Harold Stas.sen, a longtime presidential hopeful himaelf, tried to block Nixons renomlnatlon.

What made it kind of gummy at the time wt the fact that Stassen was worklhg directly under Eisenhower, on his staff. The President took no part In Stassens dump - Nixon campaign. Sadly for Stassen. it turned out to be only a one-man campaign and he wound up at the convention seconding Nixons nomination.

But up until 1956 Nixon had been a young man in a hurry as he scrambled up the political ladder to high position. It was the waytactics, politicians call it he slashed his didnt like.

Thats what made them so hot against him. But as his visions of the presidency drew clearer and nearersince Elsenhow-er couldnt run for a third timeNixon began to develop a technique of restraint.

Hes been following it for years now. Its worked pretty well for him. By avoiding his old slambtng attacks on the Democrats, hes denied them the free ammunition he provided them in earlier days.

The result: The Democrats

arent saying much about him at all, and nothing to compare with their attacks on him In 1956. But, of course, hes been playing it cool. He can afford to

With no opponent In sight, he doesnt have to make many politics! make

anyone mad at him. How long this lasts once the campaign starts and he ha* the nominationis your guess

Southern senators engaging in this filibuster are doing so for the folks back home rather than with any real idea that they will stand by their guns and head off such a law.

Of course, time will tell whether or not there are any truths to these nunors. It has been suspected many times by people all over America that many of the so-called liberals who are * waging such a strenuous effort to have a strong civil rights bill enacted are doing so for political purposes rather than from an^ strong convis-tioDs on the subject.

One argument goes this way. The Southerners will make it appear that they are willing to tj all out to stop any civil rights bill. They will consume much of the Senates time in talking and they will use every parliamentary trick they know for awhile. Then a watered down veraion of the present bill will come before the .senate and the Southern senators will then tell the folks back home. Well, we fought as long as there was any hope of doing anything about it. but any more fight at this moment will be to no avail we might as well realize that we cant beat the oppositiontherefore since weve made our point, well bow out of the fight gracefully.

There may or may not be any

real poliUcal meat to this argument. But within the next week or so well know. We say this. If at the beginning Individual senators from the South knew that the slugfest would be mere political window dressing and that sooner or later theyd run out of fire and accept a milder bill, then a lot of time has been wasted along with a lot of energy.

We just wonder how each of the 100 United States senators would vote on such a bill If each could divorce the political element from his thinking. We honestly believe that au the Southern senatore would take the same course they have been taking for many years. But we do not know and we are of course unable to say whether or not many Northern and Western senators are thinking personally one way and voting another way.

The very fact that many senators who argue strongly for a strong civil rights law while at the same time voting against cloture or stoppage of debate leads us to believe that they are not as strong in favor of the present senate civil right# bill as they want the people back home to believe.

This is an election year, and Impressing the people back home seems to be real important to many political leaders. Those votes are ever so important right now. And to stay in the senate or in any other political body, it is important to have those votes from the people back home.

PoliUcal window dressing could have more vote value today than many Americans res' lize.

creased its value to us. It wasnt many months after this trip that most major tourist lines cancelled Havana and Cuba from their travel Itineraries. At the time we vialted, we were told that the tourist industry was one of the three top Industries in Cuba. Citizens of the United

States, of course, composed

many of the tourist groups.

*1116 major disappointment was that at the very time we were in Havana. Fidel Ca.stro was touring the United Statea. acquainting himself with the

American way of life and eating hot dogs.

The Cubans had made all

kinds of flags with Castros face. Castro pennants. Castro posters and Castro buttons. One business house even passed out slips of paper with Gastro'a picture, offering a small discount on one purchase with that slip of paper.

When we arrived at the Capitol for a tour, our cameras were shelved until our exit from the building. And the festive atmosphere was shaken a bit when several Cuban soldiers, with beards and guns, came running dowm the Capitol steps.

It naturally left a feeling of uneasiness.

Over all the city, these bearded soldiers paraded around in dark khaki uniforms, some carrying guns. Jeeps carried groups of them as they patrolled the city.

The revolution evidently had already touched the way of the tourists Hie. At the gay Tropi-cana nightclub, bingo had been eliminated rom the game rooms.

Old timer tourists who had visited before the revolution noticed an entirely different atmosphere that we as first timers could not know.

We found the shop proprietors themselves very friendly to the Americans and interested In our which they are translated. There

! Empty

Sort O:: ..ogic

By GEORGE E. 80K0LSKT

Copyright, IfM. Klag Ftataref Syniteate, 1#.

I have carefully read **Air Ra serve Center Traiakig Manual Student Text ~ Reserve Non* Commiaaioned Officer Course -Cortinental Air Command.** The Issue of this which I retd appeared In a amall paper UJS.A. It is a mlahmasb of clippinM and citations, truths, half-digested material and tells the reader nothing of any very great aigniflcance.

If this manual if Intended for high acbool graduatea, U is Inadequate anti-Communlat material. X want to analyze it as an example of what should not be (tone.

The material deals with espionage and reacbea this conclusion:

Another rather foolish remark often heard is that Americans have a right to know whats going on. Most people realize the fool-hardiness of'such a suggestion. If a football team should start telling the other side the plays it planned to us. their opponents would sweep them off the field. Its the same in war hot or cold; if we tell our secrets, we are likely to be beaten, and beaten badly.

Characteristic of the thinking that has gone into this pamphlet, this paragraph contalna two separate ideas:

1. It is foolish (or the American taxpayer who want to know how his money with emphasis on word, his is being spent;

2. If the truth were known to the enemy, we should be beaten.

The conflict of ideas here is that the power of the budget, under our Constitution, rests in the House of Representatives aa the place of origin (or appropriations. Not a single item is secret. The taxpayer has the Constitutional right to know how that money is being spent and hearings are held before Congressional committees on this subject.

What needs to be kept secret are strategic and tactical matters and they are sometimes made available to the enemy by military officers in speeckes. articles and testimony before (tongresslonal committees.

It is not foolish for the taxpayer to ask questions. That is his civic duty.

Now we come to an unbelievable section of this manuaL It is under a subhead. Communism in Religion. but nothing in it refers to Communism in religion. Obvioualy that is impossible because Cotnmuni.sm. or to use a more correct term. Marxism-Leninism, rejects rw llgion, being atheistic, materialistic and pragmatic. What the author meant to say was that some persons connected with religious organizations were also associated with Communist-front organizations. That does not make religion Communist or any American sect. Marxist. It merely says that certain individuals have a dual and confUcUng relationship.

Someho'( the Revised Standard Version of the Bible is brought into this as a form of anti-religious activity. The paragraph on this subject is short, condensed and nonsensical. After all the Bible was not orl-ginally written in English. The King James Version, revised or original, is a translation from Hebrew. Aramaic and Creek, just as the Vulgate is and can only be that. There are translations in all languages and some are better than others. Before we quarrel about the perfection of any translaUon. we must know Hebrew. Aramaic and Greek and the language Into

lives at home. They were interested In our shops, what we wore, price differences. And at the very first opportunity, they asked what we thought about the revolution.

When we embarked from Havana, we thought that one day wed like to return with our families and children, when the air was more cleared of Castros revolution so our children could see the cigar factories and the rum distillery. To see the old cemetery when aristrocrats and poor alike had raised beautiful memorials to their dead. Where, in one block, you could see modern hotels, old Spanish churches and little clay-like buildings.

But that wa.s last year, before the gory threats. It may be a longer time before any of us go back.

is no Marxist translation of the Bible into any language.

Then there is a long discussion of the misbehavior of individual clergymen. Much of this data is taken from the various hearings of the House Committee on Un-American ActivlUes. but it does not prove that Protestant Christianity should be discarded, I can agree that the judgment of Dr. John A. Mackay. retiring president of Princeton Theological Seminary, on Red China b unsound, but what does that prove about the Revised Standard Version of the Bible?

It Is difficult to follow the logic of this and I wonder precisely what such a pamphlet would do to convince a young American that Communism Is evil. It concludes on this note:

". . .We believe In the dignity of man of the right of every (Conilnued on page eight)

How Taxes Cut Into A Business

By ELMER ROE88NER

The power of taxes to amputate business is being di'amat-Ically demonstrated by auto sales.

Motorists have always been regarded as fair game by Federal state and local tax biters. There are large Federal taxes on cars, accessories, gasoline and oil; state taxes on cars and gas; some s^ate and city sales taxes on autos, accessories and gas, property taxes on cars In some areas; license taxes of variou.s kinds, and others.

Highway and bridge tolls are a form of tax and sometimes t.bese taxes continue Ion? after the road or htghwav has been patd for, thus becoming an outrlaht tax The sam? i^ true 01 puiuiig meter tees. And in some communities traffic fines are primarily taxes and only incidentally to' make people i>e-bave.

COSTLY RESULTS The new compact cars carry less of a tax burden. Federal excise, gas and oil taxes are

of larger cars, so have they curtailed sales of steel companies and earnings of their workers.

less; sales and property levies. OTHER INDUSTRIES HIT

are lower; where states assess license fees by weight the levies are less.

There are other reasons for buying compact cars. Many of the larger models wont fit in existing garages; parking fees are often less; disregarding taxes, their Initial cost and operating expenses are low'er; insurance is lower in many states But taxes remain a primary consideration.

In February, sales of the four American - made compact cars accounted for 22 per cent of aulo sales.

T** loss to business does not end there.

The average compact car uses 8(X) pounds less steel than the larger auto. To the extent that taxes have curtailed sales

At the same time, compact cars require less glass, smaller batteries, fewer tires, less chrome and fewer components. This is cutting into sales, profits and employment in the auto parts Industry.

Auto makers are also hit. While the total number of units sold has been rising, the profit on each unit has been less. How much this reduces total earnings cant be told yet; It will be more readliy apparent when first-quarter earnings are announced by the manufacturer.

Meanwhile, employment has not nsen as much as might have been expected. It takes fewer man-hours to make a small car.

There has been one ad

vantage. Imports of small foreign cars have declined a bit. This amounts to Importtng some Jobs and some profits back to the United States.

The shift in purchasing from standard to compact size cars is worrying manufacturers. They are reported to be planning to insist the dealers step up efforts to sell the larger cars and are planning to back them up with heavier advertising this spring.

WE LACK QUINCE SEED, l>OGCiRAflS ROOT

Our favorite journal of commerce reports that a small lot of quince seed has arrived from Iran, but not enough to relieve the generally tight supply It also reports 90 baas of do-grass root has arrived in Amer^ lea from Yugoslavia, but the total supply is still low.

Both are used in pharmaceuU icals

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