PAGE FOimTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE. N. C.

Thurtday, February 28.1W

Thursday, February 25, 1960

Bitter Medicine

Wliat The Administration Wants

Editorially, not a great deal of discussion has been made on the Administrations civil rights proposals now before the Senate.

This is due in part, we think, because active de* bate which w^uld bring to light legislative flaws aa well as good points has barely begun to be heard. Another factor is that literally scores of bills and amendments are being hurled from all directions.

One batch of these bills was pulled together and called the program the Administration sponsors. It is formally referred to as Amendment 2*16-60 to H. R. 8315; and H.R. 8315 is that innocent little bill allowing the Army to lease a building to be used as a school house, that Senator Lyndon Johnson tagged as the carrier for civil rights action.

The most critical condemnation of the proposed Senate amendment we have yet encountered, came in a speech on the floor by Sen. Harry F. Byrd, It was a lengthy address and covered many points. But we thought his interpretation of what Congress is being called upon to do would be fitting at this time to consider.

To Senator Byrd, Amendment 2-16-60 calls upon Congress to;

1. Recognize Supreme Court decisions as Amendments to the Constitution.

2. Amend the Constitution by statute.

3. Make resistance by State and local officials.

and the public generally, to federal court school orders a felony punishable by both imprisonment and fine.

4. Appropriate funds for use in attempts to bribe State and local officiala to accept the Warren Court school decision.

5. Open records of State and local election officials to representatives of a politically appointed federal attorney general. These so-called representatives need not be employees of the Justice Department nor for that matter of the federal government. They may also be representatives of the NAACP.

"6. Authorize federal agents to determine who is qualified to vote in any local, Slate or federal election, and police the polling places and the counting of votes. And

7. Push further toward general enforcement of the old FEPC proposals that a federal agency should control hiring and firing employees in a private business.*

We should again remind the foregoing are the conclusipps of the Senator on his perusal of the Amendment. His reputation is not so much as a foe of civil rights as being a foe of federal encroachment on states rights.

His feelings on that point perhaps make him extra-sensitive in the field.

On the other hand, Sen Byrd is painting a dark picture of what its sponsors want to become the law of the land.

IF \Nt CAKJ ^vwcercM T k UTTLE. 1 THiak THE COLONEL\MllL SWALLOW tT.

Candidates Get This Fringe Benefit

Word On Signs

By LYNN NISBET

SIGN8-R. W. Gracber,' former chief of the forestry divla-sioa at State College, has Written the candidates for major office calling their attention to a State law against nailing signs or posters on trees, fences or other private property without written consent of the owner. He notes that besides marring the beauty of the roadside, the nailing of signs to trees and lumber destroys Its value, since It cannot be sawed or processed.

The multiplicity of posters and signs appearing along the highways certainly adds nothing to the scenic beauty, and there is real doubt whether the practice gets any votes. Certainly there is nothing much more unsightly than a weather-beaten picture of a defeated candidate left up after the election. In that connecUon. it is recalled that when Luther Hodges first ran for elective office in 1952 he made arrangements with every person employed to put up signs to also take them down after the primary. Some of his employees did not keep faith, but moet of them did, and It was rare Indeed to see a be-

raggied picture of Luther Hodges along the roads after the primary.

HEADQUARTERS Basketball is about the only thing that takes precendence over politics around Raleigh. Several candidates for statewide office who plan to establish headquarters in the Sir Walter Hotel have postponed opening until after the Atlantic Coast Conference basketball tournament next week. The hotel needed the apace for tournament visitors and the candidates were happy to delay opening for several reasons. They think there will be time enough after March 6 and they are jst as happy not to be subjected to pressure for extra tickets and accommodations during the tournament.

OPEN Terry Sanford formally opened headquarters at Carolina Hotel last week. Malcolm Beawell moved into quarters at the Sir Walter on Tuesday of this week. John Larkins, the other announced candidate for Governor, will open up in the Sir Walter around March 10. Meantime, he is operating a staffed headquarters set up at Kinston.

Everett Jordan, seeking re-election to the U. S. Senate, will open headquarters in the Sir Walter also around March 10. Meantime, he is campaigning from bases of his senatorial offices in Washington, Raleigh and Waynesville. Addison Hewlett. seeking to unseat Senator Jordan, is expected to open headquarters at the Andrew Johnson Hotel, when some of his friends reminded that the Andrew Johnson is sort of tra

ditional Republican headquarters in Raleigh. When the hotel was owned and operated by the late Alton Bland u the Bland Hotel, before it was acquired by the family of the late Sen. J. W. Bailey and the name changed, it was popular with Republican legislators and captol visitors. The tradition has maintained and Republicans from the mountains visiting in Raleigh are apt to gravitate to the Andrew Johnson.

Most candidates seem to think the Sir Walter is the ap-proiM'late base for operations and in heated campaign years there are headquarters for some candidate on nearly every floor. The colored bellboys over at the Carolina make much of the fact they "have never lost an election. Kerr Scott operated both his gubernatorial and senatorial campaigns from that baseand won both.

DISPLEASED Heinz RoU-man. the wealthy shoe manufacturer at Waynesville. who left the Democratic party because he was displeased with its failure to nominate him for Congress, is manifesting similar displeasure with the way North Carolina laws interfere with his hopes to win the congressional seat as a Republican.

He vigorously objects to the requirement for paying a separate filing fee to run in the primary for the unexplred term of the late Rep. David M. HaU and to run in the regular primary for the next full term. In a letter to the State Board of Elections he says he Is paying the additional fee under protest. He also refers to the special primary to pick the late David M. Halls successor." But Rollman is seeking the Republican nomination, whereas Hall was a Democrat, and his successor will be chosen In a special .election, not in the primary.

Rollman further says he can not agree with the Attorney General's Interpretation of the law requiring a separate filing fee for the special primary, and he cannot agree with the statute requiring the printing of separate ballots for the unexpired and regular terms in Congress. By implication, he objects to the statutory requirement for nomination by party primary and appearance on the general election ballot of Democratic and Republican candidates.

Rollman voices concern about the cost to the taxpayers of the primary and general eleo-Uons held according to law as contrasted with the streamlined non-partisan plan he suggests. This concern would be respected more if It were not for the fact that the same Rollman in 1958 spent mwe than $50,000 in an unsuccessful attempt to get the Democratic nominatiOD for Congress in his district.

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That Goes With A Job

The Preeidency has a host of headaches; no. one will deny it. As jobs go, its the biggest in the world.

Too, the degree of power a President weilds is in many respects second to none in any country. With it all goes a great responsibility; for not only does the well-being of government in these United States rest so heavily on one man, but also to a large extent he carries the hopes of many other free and not-so-free lands.

Sometimes we feel a bit of pity for the man in the White House. He doesnt have so many compensations other than a faith and a hope the job has been well done.

Few compensations . . . with the possible exception of the current tour of South America. Now that is really something I

There is work to be done on the trip, too. The business of the presidency must go on. And there are few opportunities to avoid following a closely planned schedule, the frequent speeches, the formal affairs and the informal affairs. Little freedom to do and see the things a regular tourist might want.

But our own imagination is captivated by getting a glimpse of eight jewels of the Americas: fabulous Brasilia, glittering Rio de Janeiro, bustling Sao Paulo, beautiful Buenos Aires, exotic Mar del Plata, and the mountain resort of Bariloche in Argentina. Then there is ancient Santiago, and Montevideo . . . whose very name has a musical sound.

To us, even a quick business tour of such cities would represent a fringe benaJit.

Yet To Be Told

r

By PATRICIA MOORE

ike A Cat, Has 9 Lives

This is called the Saga of the Black Monster.

In our midat at The Dally Reflector office there has been a faithful and strong companion for the last several years. Hes been bettered, dropped and slamed around, but he always came through to stand up another year.

A few weeks ago, this strong one, known to some of us as the Black Monster (in reality a speed graphic flash camera) and to others as an antique, which is a slight exaggeration, was involved in a bad automobile accident, The car was all torn up. The occupants were injured. And the Black Monster was Injured, too, sustaining aches and pains to its range finder and flash attachment.

But after doctoring by some experts. Black Monster was raring to go again. He took some of the best pictures of his career.

Then, a few nights ago, he went jLlong to a ballgame, in the company of one Roy Martin, sports writer for this newspaper.

All was going well.

Roy was dramatically posed on the sidelines, getting a splendid action shot of a player leaping into the air.

That leap was too much for the Black Monster. The action shot was so good the player came crashing down, foot first on our cameraand you might say Black Monster is incapacitated as far as Uking further action shots is concerned.

But that camera has nine lives, hke a cat. Its still here, and for some unknown reason still has the ability to take portrait pictures. Black Monster has his own special resting place, poised on a tripod at all times. That battered old veteran is a source of mystery and wonder to us. Roy Martin doesnt have much to sey about it, though.

In our daily reflections of life and death and the little things around us, w'e noticed the other morning that spring was near-

Other Editors Saying ..

.^GGIISO Foots Governor And Legis', ati ire

By BEM PRICE

WASHINGTON A(P) You have yet to be told the facts about this nations defenses in relation to those of the Soviet Union and it ie unlikely that you ever will be.

At the moment there Is a fierce debate In and out of Congress over whether U.S. defenses are lagging.

President Elsenhower has said our military posture is adequate. In gmieral the Republicans agree, the Democrats disagree.

What you are being given is an issortmeot of <H)inions based on individual inten>retallons of facts which are top secret.

A democracy supposedly functions best wben the people are told the whole truth and allowed to make up their minds. This theory collapses when applies to military operations.

The military contend that to tell the people the whole truth would also Inform the enemy. Thus, in the final analysis the only way the people can ever learn whether defenses are adequate is when they are tested in .actual confliot.

Certain privileged congressmen and usorted high.ranking members of the executive branch are given briefings on what intelligence officers believe to be the enemys capabilities.

The defense debate arises from interpretation of the known facts and the intelligence estimates.

Intelligence work has been described as a field In which 95 per cent of the Informstlon is drawn from careful study of unclassified sources. 3 per cent^ from scmi-covert sources and about 2 per cent from secret agents.

You may ask. then, why isnt the 95 per cent made public? The military argument is that to tell the enemy what we know is to expose either our ignorance and ineptitude, or allow him to

evaluate our intelligence operations.

The enemy will know what information came from unclassified sources, what could have been obtained only from secret agents.

If the enemy learns we are overestimating his strength he may be encouraged to gamble; j,hat is. indulge in a bit of International blackmail.

If we are underestimating his strength and tailoring our strength to cope with what we believe to be his weak potential. he may be encouraged to attack. y

In a war. Intelligence officers collect information on the enemys capabilities and leave the matter of Interpretation to the commanding general. If the information is faulty the general's deduction concerning enemy intentions may be equally faulty.

Though the Japanese were clearly capable of attacking Pearl Harbor, the United States guessed wrong on their intentions in 1941.

In World War n the Germans were believed incapable of attacking through the Ardennes Forest. The Battle of the Bulge cost the Allies 80,000 casualties.

The U.S. decision to advance to the Yalu River during Korean War was based on the belief the Chinese Communists would not intervene.

In this thermonuclear age. a wrong guess could easily be fatal.

While the facts are not available to the public, the current debate seems to be based on differences of opinion over whether the United States really is stronger than the Soviet Union and an interpretation of Soviet intentions.

Your opinion will have to be based at least partly on the answer to one question: Are your more Inclined to believe Democrats or Republicans?

(Greentboro Daily Newi)

The Payette viUe Observer, published, as every sentient Tar Heel must know, in Terry Sanfords home city, joins the Daily News in urging that gubernatorial candidates move from the political maneuvering state. . . into the realm of projecting tangible platforms, Our Fayetteville contemporary then brings the 1961 General Assembly into the spotlight. Candidates for governor may and should have platforms, it avers, but members of the Legislature decide what to do about them.

That is indeed true. There should be close study of legislative aspirants and their views on upcoming issues, moet of which can already be discerned in mounting needs of education and fundsinvolving new taxes with which to meet them. Between now and the May primary dates, legislative candidates should be asked pointed questions. They will require as answers more than generalities. Sooner or later, they cannot be evaded.

p. But for all of that we do not minimize the views, the influence and the power of an Incqmlng Governor. North Car-ollpt\wUl require and expect sttong, ' and Imaginative le^rshlp of the next admin-fr^on. And ^ must stem fromy. the ,Governors office. What uhe next chief executive stands \ for, his views on matters j^lly affecting the state,

his philosophy of government, his personality and his qualities of leadership will combine to do more than any other force in setting the states course and stirring the Legislature Into action.

Aspiring legislators. In turn, must realize the situation confronting them and do some genuine soul - searching and sharp figuring before they take to the hustings and. in event of victory, more on to Raleigh.

We agree with Fayetteville Observers assertion that the Governor of North Carolina cannot dictate legislation. It is equally true that he does not have the veto power. But he does have budgetary control and. during his first legislative session at least, has an election victory, reflecting the will and wishes of the people, and almost unlimited patronage to push major legislation th gh the General Assembly. His ite of the State and budget messages carry tremendous influence,They set the tone of the session and outline major objectives which, the record will show, stand excellent chance of attainment.

Responsibility of the next Governor of North Carolina, like that 0 his predecessors, hardly ends with presentation of a platform. To what degree it is implemented will determine the difference between success or failure of his administration.

ing. Little birds had come to life were perched, singing away on nearby teleph(me wires and tree kmbs. Skies were clear and blue. No rain for at least two days. What a beauttiul springlike day.

The delusion of spring Issted a short time when you got your first foot on the cold concrete porch and felt the early morning temperatures stinfinf away.

Those springtime birds must be wearing warm woolens beneath their downy feathers. As if to apologize, we saw one avoid looking at' us Ister on.

Strerxgth

For To(dav

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

Do you pull your own weight in the boat? Do you pay your own freight?

Think about it for a moment. Do you? There is a way, of course, in which all of us faU right here; for our achievements are so in contrast with Gods greatness and providence that we may all call ourselves unprofitable servants. And yet there is a way in which we can repay God in some measure for having given us life and opportunity. We can repay our debt to society by serving it in some measure.

Many people go through life purely in the spirit of the para site. They live off others. They let the unselfish serve them without giving any service in return. They are out to get as much out of life as possible and to put into it as little as possible. The world owes them a livingthey owe nothing to the world.

Now if we had to deal only with people who are conspicuous because of this abominable attitude toward life, there would not be much of a problem Involved. The great problem arises from the fact that you and I and everybody else has at least a little bit of this parasitical spirit within us. We complain frequently over having to pull our own weight in the boat. It hurts us to pay the freight charge of our inert selves as we settle down upon society.

How thrlUlnf the experience Is of being independent and self-sufficient. The world owes us nothing. God owes us nothing. Let us thrill at the opportunity of being able to make some slight payment against a great debt.

Who

Owns

Air?

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT COPYRIGHT. ISee, KING features SYNDICATE, INC.

Radio and television, as presently organized in the United States, owe their existence to Herbert Hoover when he was Secretary of Commerce. Experimental stattons had been estab-tabllshed by the Westlnghouse Electric b Manufacturing Company at Pittsburgh and the General Electric Company at Schenectady. There were about 50.-000 poorly developed receiving ets in this country at the time that Herbert Hoover entered the Department of Commerce. The crystal set with earphones intrigued youngsters and many sets were homemade. It was not long before there were 320 radio sUtions in the country and the number was wlftly increasing. They were unlicensed, unregulated and their Interference with each other turned the air into a Tower of Babel.

The Secretary of Commerce was authorized by law to reg-uUte radio which was still mainly a ship - to- shore telegraph system. Tbmrst nsUon-al conference of those engaged in this Industry was called by Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover on February 27, 1922. On that occasion. Hoover said:

We have witnessed In the last four or five months one of the most astounding things that have come under my observation of American life. This Department estimates that today over 600.000 persons (one estimate being 1,000,000) ponsess receiving sets, whereas there were fewer than 50.000 such sets s year ago. We are indeed today upon the threshold of a new means of widespread communication of Intelligence that has the most profound Importance from tbe point of view of public education and public welfare. The comparaUvo cbeepnees. . .of receiving sets . . .bids fair to make them almost universal in the American home,

Further, he said:

It is therefore primarily a question of broadcasting, and it becomes of primary public interest to say who Is to do the broadcasting, under what circumstances, and with what type of material. It Is inconceivable that we should allow so great a poMiblllly for service to be drowned in adverttslni chst-ter.

Subsequent conferences were called annually and the Industry cooperatlnf with the Department of Commerce devised a system of private ownership under public oontrol. In February 1927, CongPBSS passed an act which finally establh-ed the public ownership and regulation of the wave channels. These wave channels are now the property of the government of the United States, licensed to private companies for operation un<ter specific conditions.

To clarify the position of the government. Secretary of Com-ferce Hoover said on March 10, 1924:

. J can state emphatically that It would be most unfortunate for the people of this country, to whom broadcasting has become an important incident of life, if its control should come Into the hands of any tingle corporatioo. individual, or combination.

It would be In principle the aame as though tbe entire press of the country were so controlled. Tbe effect would be Identical whether this control arose under a patent monopoly or under any form of combination or over a wave chanel, . *

While Hoover. In establishing the system which is in operation today, was opposed to censorship and never included such a possibility in any control measure, he did say on November 9. 1925:

We hear a great deal about the freedom of the air, but there are two partiest o freedom of the air, and to freedom of speech for that matter. There Is the speechmaker and the lesten-er. . .

And,

The other Is a public medium. and its use must be for public benefit. The use of a radio channel is justified only if there is public benefit. The dominant element for consideration m the radio field is. and always will be. the great body of the listening public. .

Tbe first commission to reg-(Continued on Page 6) ,

No Question It Is Inflationary

Opinions In, Brief

Gnawing away at the .foundation on which this nstioo was founded is a silent horde of termites labeled godlsssness, selfishness, bigotry. Intolerance v and love of material things. Wythevllle (Va.) S. W. Va. Enterprise.

I do not believe that the government should ask .social isgialatlon In Uie guise of taxation. If we are to adopt social-Lsm, It should be pre.sented to the people of this country ax oclalUm and not undar the

guise of a law to collect revenue."Calvin Coolldgs.

Even the price of charity has gone up. according to Leo Ran-dell O the Southside Lions Club. A National Kids Day Foundation In California raised 53.978.0(X), then withheld $3.252,-(X)0 a.x the cost of the fund raising.Orville Revelle, In Ft. Lauderdale <Fla.) News.

A person should speak well of hla enemies, because he made them.Banking.

^By ELMER R0ES8NER

United States government officials. the steel companies and the Steelworkers Union have assured the public that the steel strike settlement was not, cross my heart, Inflationary.

But the truth is that inflation is built Into the settlement.

True, the steel companies have not increased prices so far. True, an enormous hourly wage increase would have automatically produced an inflationary lister.

But it is also true that future pay increase both dfrect and indirect, written Into the contract, practically guarantee inflation later on.

The steel contract runs for 30 montlvs.'As always, the steel deal serves as a model for other unions.

So unions this year will be using longer contracts as a meanscall it a weapon or bait, as you willto persuade employers to sign louger con

tracts, with Integrated wage increase.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONING

This is inflation, and inflation of the strongest kind.

A union may agree that there will be a slight w-age Increase now, another one a year from now, and perhaps a third two yeara hence. That will tend to create a gradually rising pay level. And this rise will mean higher prices for products. And higher pay and higher prices adds up to inflation in almost any lanaguage. Thus, future pay rises are inflationary in dollars and cents. But they are also Inflationary psychologically.

Built-in future pay increases alert buyers, sellers and the public generally that prices and wages are sure to go up. And because these factors of the economy know that inflation is certain, they will tend to make actions coniQi'iu. They will start

asking and paying higher prices; they will start asking and paying higher wages; they will get as if more inflation were here long before it arrives.

WHOSE FAULT?

Employers, rather than labor, are to blame for this built-in inflation. For example, a union may demand a 10 per cent increase as its opening gambit. The usual huddle and hassle follow, with the usual offers of . compromise. The union offers to accept a 5 per cent rise now and 5 per cent boost in February, 1961. a

Everybody is haBpy. Union negotiators got what they had expected to get. The company negotiators can boast that they slashed the union demands in half for the present, and shoved the rest of the demands 12 months Into the future.

But a raise now and a raise a year aheadespecially the inevitability of the second raise

locks Inflation into that contract and, with enough contracts signed, inflation is built into the economy. And when promises of 1961 raises become general, you can calulate tlt your savings, your life insurance, and you pension equities will decline in opposite proportion to tbe general pay rise.

The company negotiators who accepted these built-in rai.ses have traded away your equities for their own labor peace.

EVEN MORE STRANGE FACTS ABOUT BUSINE.SS

The Kentucky Grocer, a magazine, estimates 380,000.000 cups of coffee are drunk by Americans every day. . .Eight 3,000-watt infrared lamps heat cius-tomer* and pavement outside the Hess department store at Allentown. Pa. . . .United States kgrlcultural exports from Jub' to December, 1959, were 12 per cent higher than in the same period a ^ar earlier.