rACE rouTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Monday, February 22, 1960

Monday, February 22, 1960

Elnvy

Fot Better Hemespheric Relations

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President Eisenhowers tour of four Latin American countries is a gesture on the part of the Chief Exe-. cutive of the United States that has too long been ig---.aorcd in efforts to solidfy hemispheric relations.

it comes now in the last year of President Eisenhowers administration, and as such, it will be of less significance than if it had come while he still had sev-*^eral more years in the White House. Even so, in this case, it is better that the visit of the President come now rather than being delayed another year or two. There will be grave disappointment in this nation President Eisenhow^ers visit to Latin America does * not bring a different reaction from our neighbors to the ,.^south than did the visit of the vice president a couple

Three-Dimension Choice In N.C

Bv LYNN NISBET

SEAWELL Entrance of Malcolm Seawell Into the race for Governor affords the voters a three-dimensional choice among candidates of distinctive political philovsophy. This three-way distinction is not likely to be seriously affected by other entrants. Additional candidates would tend to divide the vote within the classes, rather than disturb the overall balance. Roughly, the three-cornered situation is about this:

The old establLshed order, dominated by the party organization and insistence on regularity in government, has a recognized advocate in the person of John Larkins. The organization, from state level down to the precinct, has carried the load during the heat of previous campaigns, has maintained party integrity and responsibility. This group asserts the right to continue control.

The so-called liberal element, which has resisted dominance of the old orderand on occasion has upset the scheme of things political, has a champion in the person of Terry Sanford.

A large and growing number of voters do not like to be classed with either of these groups. They find a great deal in the old order that they want to retain, but do not want to be hamstrung by tradition. They admire and espouse many of the liberal tenets.

but dislike being cast in the role of crusaders for change, or *pn>testants against a system that has provided good government through the years-

Malcolm Seawell gives promise of providing acceptable, if not unanimously satisfactory, leadership for this middle group. Emphasis is on leadership, because when Seawell hit the gubernatorial race track he hit it running at high speed with a formulated program,

MODERATIONThere is an clement of contrast and paradox in use of the term leadership with respect to the Seawell pro-gcam, because it is essentially one of moderation. He voiced vigorous protest at blanket indictment of current administration policies by Beverly Lake and Terry Sanford, and at the same time advocated a special session of the Legislature to restore cuts in welfare fundswhich had been sponsored last year by the Hodges administration. He is personally opposed to standing voice in the whole racial integration in public schools, but has been the outstanding voice in the whole South for orderly comphance with court decreeswithout surrendering State rights or cherished customs.

There is suspicion in minds of many of his friends that one of

the factors contributing to his decision to run fM* Govemw was the belief he could contribute more to ultimate solution of the racial problem in that capacity than as Attorney General. He has declined to paramount the issue to the degree some extremists on both sides have done, yet he has said he recognizes that maintenance of an adequate public school system, economic stability, happy living for our peopleeven survival of our cherished way of life, depends upon an equitable solution of the race problem under law.

Scion of a family that for three centuries has made nota We contributions in the field of law and jurisprudence, Seawell insists that government must be by lawnot by personal whim or prejudice of any individual or group. It will interesting to see how this approach appeals to North Carolina voters as the campaign for Governor progresses.

CORRECTION The aUte-ment appearing in this corner the other day to the effect that the State Board of Elections could, under some circumstances, appoint members on the county boards of elections who had not been recommended by the chairmen of the respective political parties was incorrect. It was written from memory of several instances when the State Board had by-passed or ignored party recommendations for such appointments. Raymond Maxwell, secretary of the State Board, reminds that in all of these instances the State Board was forced to rescind its action and go back to the party nominees in at least one instance by direct order of the courts.

f AVINO There is unremitting war between advocates of asphalt and cement to get their products accorded priority for road paving in North Carolina. That figh> lapped over very accidentally into the gubernatorial primary the other day.

One road cwitractor, who favors concrete, called a good personal friend but rival contractor. who is an asphalt addict, and solicited his suiH>ort for Terry Sanford for Governor. I can't help you, said the asphalt man. You see, John Larkins has been the general counsel for our asphalt as^iation a long time, and Ive got to stick with John and my black-top friends. Which poses the question of whether the current race lor Governor might boil down to a contest between asphalt and concrete, black top and white top, for road paving. In that event where would the dust and mud folks wind up? And who said something about taking roads out of politics?

of years ago. It will also be disappointing if the President does not undertake his triy with positive proposals for improving the assistance the United States is able to afford our Latin American neighbors.

Although the United States has maintained a friendly attitude toward the countries of Central and South America, in the past 15 years, it has lavished attention upon other parts of the world, giving only secondary attention to its closest neighbors. We trust the current visit by the President will signal the beginning of a period in which the United States will give greater attention to Latin America and reemphasize the building of closer and better relations within the Western Hemisphere.

Edens Resignation Is Regrettable Decision

The resignation of Dr. Hollis. Edens as President of Duke University leaves another important role in higher education in North Carolina to be filled by a capable leader who can follow in Dr. Edens footsteps.

In the 11 years that Dr. Edens has been president of Duke University, the institution has expanded academically in a number of fields and has enhanced its already enviable reputation as one of the ranking universities in the nation. While the university has continued to grow in size under Dr. Edens leadership, the primary emphasis has been upon academic and scholastic developement.

Last summer the university announced it would undertake a 76 million dollar program during the next 10 years to make itself a better school, not necessarily a larger school. At 59, Dr. Edens said in announcing his resignation that a man should be chosen as president who coul<| see the ambitious program through to completion.

As the third president of Duke University, Dr, Edens has made a major contribution to improving higher education in North Carolina. It is with regret that we note his plan to retire as the active head of Duke University.

U. s. Must Intensify Curb On Cuban Raiders

Conclusive proof that a light civilian plane from the United States attempted to bomb a Cuban sugar mill should signal a tightening of U. S. vigilance to prevent any recurrance of such an incident

In spite of the strained relations between the United States and Cuba, this country can ill afford for any of its citizens to use American soil for launching attacks against another nation.. The fact that conclusive proof has been established that at least one such attack has taken place, tends to support earlier Cuban claims that some 30 such attacks have taken place since the first of the year.

Certainly the United States cannot expect its relations with the Cuban government to improve so long as such incidents occur. Cuba, 6n the other hand, cannot hold the government of the United States wholly re-spon.sible for such incidents so long as the government of this country does what it reasonably can to prevent them.

The fact that the United States has officially apologized to the Cuban government for this latest incident does not remove this country from the most embarrassing position in which it fii^ds itself because of the attack. It is apparent that the United States must intensify its efforts to prevent such attacks and likewise to apprehend those responsible for them.

Quick Change In

Against

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Citizens Loyalty Oath

COPYRIGHT, 1960, KINO. . FEATURES SYNDICATE. INC.

I recently became a director of a company that makea miniature trains and such thinga. (To avoid the accuaation of payola. I decline to mention the company.) Suddenly I found that I had to be fingerprinted and that I had to provide a biography of myself and also that I had to awear that I am not and never waa a Communist. I assume that thousands o Americans have had to fill out the same forms. They could be simplified considerably but I do not see how they can be objected to.

The Loyalty Oath la an ordinary requirement of cltizen-arip. It la taken on all sorts of occasions. When I went to public school, we said the pledge to the flag, a Loyalty Oath, every morning after the principal read a portion from

the Bible.

Resistance to. the Loyalty Oath emaitates from two groups, the disloyal and the loyal. The latter regard the Loyalty Oath as an unnecessary re-affirmaU(Mi of what should be taken for granted, namely, that everybody is loyal unless proved disloyal. The disloyal naturally object to the exposure of their disloyalty and some object to being put in a hypocritical position of declaring themselves loyal when actually they are not or they are Indifferent to loyalty.

The question does arise as to what is loyalty. Each individual has his own view on the subject and particularly as to its intensity. Those who signed the Deolaratlon of Independence, for instance, were disloyal to their sovereign, George III of England, but they pledged their lives, their fortunes and their

Other Editors Saying ... Students Made Dupes

Their Outlooks

Opinions In Brief

*The new compact homes are very convenient. To go from the living room to the bedroom, you just stand where you are. Carlsbad Current-Argus.

Money i.s still the most labor-saving device ever invented. Butler (Oa.) Herald,

How come. If nece.sity Is the mother of invention, all this unnecessary stuff geU invented? Kansas City Star.

dresses before Congress. Any suggestion that the government "There can be no better medicine for sick morals in public servants than barring closed meetings and closed books that should be open to those who elect public servant.^ and pay their salaries. Merchantvilla (N.J.) Community News.

The spenders are picking flaws in the Pre.sidenfs ad-

Did you ever notice that a man who was willing to light for what he thought was right is seldom pushed? That same principle applies to nations. Clermont <Pla.) Press.

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By RALPH ROBEY

There has been an amazing change in the attitude of business analysts on the outlook within the past few weeks. Two months ago we were being told by practically every one of the forecasters that all of 1960 was going to be on the upswing. The Presidents State of the Union message, his budget message, and his Economic Report all reflected the same degree of optimism. Now there is rather widespread predicting that we may well have a downturn In the second half of the year.

What has caused this change of opinion? This probably has varied from one analyst to another, but the following are noteworthy:

1. The New York Stock Market has had a significant reaction. To those who still hold that stock prices have a genuine forecasting ability this means that a downturn of business is not too far away. To take this point of view one must assume that previous stock prices were not too high, and that the reaction is something more than technical. That is not an assumption which is too defensible.

2. Business inventories, according to the government figures, which first had been ex-tlmated to have declined in the fourth quarter, are now stated to have shown a slight increase. It is further stated by the Commerce Department that over-all business Inventories are already back to the pre steel strike level. It had been assumed that it would take some months to regain a normal inventory level. If we already have attained such a point the pressure on production wifi be lessened and Inventory accumulation ceases to be a major plus factor.

8. Automobile sales during January were * disappointing. They were above January of last year, but not high enough to justify the prediction that this would be a seven-million sales year. Unless sales pick up in the immediate future it will be necessary to cut back on production and that will mean a reduction of labor by the automobile companies and a cur

tailment of their purchases.

4. With the government showing a surplus of substcuitial size, there will be no upward impetus from federal spending.

6. The housing starts, which normally run counter - cyclical, are on the upswing and revisions are being made as to the total for this year. Specifically, it is now generally forecast that this will be a quite good housing year, with private starts of not less than 1.2 million.

6. The Congress this year will be unusually political in an effort to sharpen campaign issues. Some genuinely bad legislation may be passed, and even if It is vetoed, it will disturb businessconfidence.

As stated above it is amazing to have such a change of viewpoint in a matter of a few weeks. From our point of view the change is not at all justified. Readers of this column may remember that we did not go along with the view that all.of* 1960 necessarily would see good business (we were worried about some of the major problems confronting the nation).

We now are unable to see with any certainty that there will be a downturn In the second half. The major problems are still with us, but they are not getting more serious fundamentally, and there are elements of strength which should last for many, many months. As of the moment, therefore, we are becoming more and more of the opinion that the recovery will last for the remainder of 1960.

(Hertford County Herald)

It is obvious that the silly but potentially dangerous sit-down protests which Negro students In some North Carolina and Virginia cities have been staging against a long-standing Southern Custom of separation of eating places have been inspired. encouraged and in part directed by professional race agitators having their headquarters outside the South. It is interesting to note too that the concerns against which the sit-downs have been directed are in most instances retail concerns established In Southern cities with Northern capital and management. All of which brings us to the conclusion that the Negro youth of this area are being made the pawns of professional agitatOTs in a dangerous game that is likely to produce greater harm to the cause of Negro progress than any possible good that might be accomplished.

If the Negro patrons of Wool-worth, Kress and other chain stores that are anxious to make money by doing business with all classes of purchasers, white and Negro, do not like the way they conduct their business they have a perfect right to stay out of those stores and not spend a dime with them. And. it is understandable that the Negro with money to spend should expect the same service in retiun for his

money as any other patron, and if he is served within one area of a store he has reason to expect that he should also be served within any other area. In protest against such discrimination the Negro, or any other customer. has both the right and reason to take his money and spend it elsewhere.

On the other hand, the operator of a private retail establishment should and does have the right to operate it as he sees fit. If he does not operate it to suit the wishes of potential customers, let them stay away in droves and give their patronage to the estaWlshments that serve them as they wish to be served. That protest is the individuals right and it is the most effective protest. But by trespass, either by passive persistence or by violence, to try to force a business operator to change his methods of operation is not the right of Negroes or any others, no mair ter how stupid may be the business operators practices.

If the Negroes do not like the idea of the merchants selling them one class of merchandise while refusing them service on other types of merchandise, here it seems is an excellent opportunity for them to help themselves by patronizing establishments operated by members of their own race who will serve them according to their wishes.

sacred honorIn a word, their totality to the new government. If they could do that when to be defeated would have meant death, how can we do less? .. j

Thus the. National Student Committee for the Loyalty Oath comes into existence on 25 cc^ leges and universities for the purpose of defending the student Loyalty Oath and non-eub-versivc affidavit.

It Is difficult to understand why any college should oppose the Loyalty Oath except on the grounds that to require it of students who get Federal aid is to discriminste against a partica-lar group. Would they prefer that aU students tako the Loyalty Oath? Why not?

Stanley Kramer, appearing on Mike Wallaces program on television, asked, I am told, what is an American, anyway?

Was Kramer seeking a defin tlon or was he merely ejaculating? The question may be answered simply: An American is a citizen of the United States, a country dedicated to the principle that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with uncertain unalienable rights. These rights are summarized in the phrase, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but are explained In greater detail in the Constitution of the United States and in a series of Amendments to that ConstlUi-tion and in Acts of Congress and decisions of the Supreme Court which have extended to its citizens the largest measure of freedom ever known to human beings In any country.

Further, the United States is dedicated to the proposition that Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Thus, ours is a representative republic existing by consent. The first three Articles of the Constitution define the nature of a government by consent, permitting power to be concentrated in no particular group 80 that there Is a division of power and numerous checks ajod balftnces to avert tyraniy.^ * -

Those who accept this form of government and are loyal to it are Americans. Those who do not find It in their hearts to Americans are a humble, a rev-accept are not Americans, erent and a charitable people. Of this, George Washington said:

...No people can be bound (Continued on Page 5)

laxes

By ROGER BAB80N

BABSON PARK. Mass.. ~ Feb. 18. The wise investor Is anxious to hedge against three main handicaps: (1) Inflation. (2) labor leaders, and (8) taxes-Let us consider, this week, hedging against taxes. These will surely be more eerloae each year.

NON-TAXABLK BONDS

All noihtaxable bonds are cheaper than they have been for years. The fidl faith Muni* cipale are rated best; bitt I think that most of the turnpike Revenue Bonds are fairly good at their current prices. If you buy them now and later do not like them, you can probably sell them at. a profit You need not keep them until maturity.

When loaning money on mortgage It Is wise to inake a fairly low rate of interest, jdus yiHU* approximate Income tax. Then your mortgage interest will be net Certainly, in the case of rents you should insist that the tenant pay the taxes as part of the rent. This has many advantages and is fair to all parties. 'Of course, there is no way to hedge against death taxes except by giving money away before you die. I will dis-cusa tfaia later.

DUTIES ON IMPORTED GOODS

Certain citiee. such as Buffalo, <^er <^>poriunitiee to buy foreign goods that art aelling at very low prices In Oennany. Japan, and other countries. You must stay 48 home outside the UjSA. and are limited to 1200 la pur-chssert at any one time; but you can make purchases as <^n as you wish. This is the only honest way to avoid import taxea.

Variooa other means eaa be found to save taxes on merchandise. These Include sales taxes. which can be avoided most easily by pers<xis Uving near the borders of certain states. There also are allowances which your tax return permits you to make on doctors' bills, noedical costs, hospital chargee, bene-volent gifts to churches, etc.; also exemptions for certain diil-dren, and other deductlona. You can secure a list of these from your local bank.

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF

INDEPENDENT BUSINESS

If you are an average businessman as well as an investor, you should at once join the National Federation of Indetwodent Business, Inc. Its headquarters are at Burlingame. Cafiforaig. This Association has secured some helpful tsLX and other legislation from Cengrees; The most helirful man is C. Wilson Harder, President.

When the federal agents eheck your income tax payment, they will be absolutely honest as to the mathematlca If you have paid too much they will tell you so, just as they would if you had paid too little. But they will not tell you how you could have saved tax money. It therefore will pey every taxpayer to employ some accountant In hia lo* cality to make out hia tax return. This will save the taxpayer money the charge will not exceed $25 00 and wlH perhapt be leas. Don't be penny wise and pound foolish.

WHAT ABOUT DEA'TH TAXES?

These are very hard to avoid if you are married and leave an estate of over $120,000 (jf single $60,000). but the federal tax can be reduced is variotfe ways. If you are young or middle-aged. give a certain amount to your heirs every year. You can give $3,000 annually free of tax. You iiso are allowed to give annually from 20 per cent to 30 per cent erf your net tooome to religious, educational, and scientific bodies. Such gifts I make regularly; this la really a Joy.

The large investor, however, who misses this joy of giving and is trying to be the richest man in the cemetery has another means of cutting death taxes. Hence, by Inveeting in each bonds to an estimated amount of your death taxea, you ean save 15 per cent or more by purchasing them now and holding them against your futime death taxes. Everyone can hedge against taxes to a certain extent; btzt H rtquiree oars, thought, pre-plaiming, and the help of a tax expert

Cheaper Money Later This Year

By ELMER ROESSNER

Cheaper moneyloans at lower interest rateswill be available later this year.

The (i^omy if moving along at a higli level. But there are some distrubing signs. There is a growing belief that the present boom may reach its peak around midyear. This belief is based on two factors: the failure of the boom *to be larger than it is, and the recurring weaknesses In the stock market.

It was fairly certain that the first half of this year would be quite prosperous. The steel strike had left a huge demand for new model cars unfilled; strikers returning to work would pour millions of dollars in wages back Into the economy. Construction. suspended by lack of steel would resume. Bare inventories would be built up.

All that has come to pass. But many observers feel that the present boom has reflected only that catching-up. and when that is done, business will thin opt.

AUTO SALE.S UNDER EXPECTATIONS

Production of aulus has been cut back slightly to, as the

makers say, get inventories in line with sales, which is a hopeful way of saying sales have not been as high as expected. If winter had been unusually severe, fewer auto sales might have been^expecU, ed. but the weather in many parts of the country has been unusually mild this year.

Another factor is psychological, Many believe that the stock market reflects business six montlis ahead, although thLs theory has beety*iproven wrong as often as right. But the unsettled market has caused concern over the last half of I960.

The nagging labor problem is cau.sing concern. Employment was down in January, always an off month. And although employment is now beginning to be rising faster. This is because the number of people entering . the labor market is greater than the number of Jobs being created.

As a consequence of all these fears and uncertainties, expansion plans will be slowed a bit. There will be considerable waiting and sering. Th^e delays will reduce demands for money, and the interest rates are like

ly to decline,

OTHER FORECASTS Here are more look - aheads

in business:

Costlier castro oil. A worldwide scarcity is developing, .largely because of recent crop failures in Brazil. Contrary to popular belief, the greatest use for castor oil Is in industry; U. S. manufacturers use hundreds of tons a day.

Weaker copper. Although prices have been holding fairly steadily, dips can be expected. The world market is unsteady, and occasional dumping in desperation can be expected.

More aluminum cans. Techniques in production of aluminum cans are Improving and in the next year or so many more products may appear in such containers.

Auto bargains. The aimbalance of auto production and orders will make it possible for smart shoppers to pick up bargains in new cars in the next few montlis. Most makes are in good supply and a few dealers have overestimated demans for certain tnodels. especially in some of the new compact U S. cars and some foreign small ones. Some will be glad to make

deaii, If done quietly.

.OLD PROMOTER INVENTt .SIMPLE PHONE ALARM The Old Promoter wore a new - invention look when he came in today.

Its a red button for all home phones, he explained. When the button is pressed, a signal flashes on a police board, showing with a police phone, even if the receiver is left in the cradle. If there is a fire or an Intruder, all the householder has to do Is to press the Imt-ton and the cops are alwted. If an Intruder sees a phone being picked up, he might attack. But the button could be pressed se-cretely. might even have remote buttons.

Suppose a ehlld preseee the button?

"Ive thought of that.** he said. This button would require three moves: In, down and in again. Couldnt be w<$ric-ed accidentally. *

How wlD you tell It? ' Royalties from phone eom-panies, who would charge extra for the service. If that doesnt sell them, we can try to get laws requiring them.

Take it away. AT&T I J