FACE FOtmTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Friday, February 19, 199C

Friday, February 19, 1960

Before The Season Officially Opens-

Emphasizing No Violence, Tolerated

No Enemy, But U.S. Can Trim Sugar Costs

Raleigh's City Court has added new emphasis to relations among the races in North Carolina even in the position taken by most North Carolinians and their the troubled times the last half decade has broughL courts that the state will not tolerate violence in con- This firm commitment to a policy of preventing vio-nection with resolving problems among White and lence in such instances will continue to stand the.state Negro Tar Heels. od its communities in good stead in the future.

In Raleigh yesterday a 25-year-old white man was sentenced to 60 days on the roads for-striking a Negro youth in a flare of violence in connection with the lunch-counter sitdown demonstrations being staged by Negro students. The sentence should be a warning to others of both races that the courts of the state will not look with sympathy upon any violence which jjccurs. Should the United States cancel the system under

While other states have encountered violence with which it pays twice the world market price for Cuban integration problems in the past, North Carolina has sugar?

avoided any outbursts primarily because of the staunch Secretary of State Christian Herter has said con-

stand the state and its people have taken against vio- sideration is being given to such a move; and various lence. In the few isolated instances in which blows have members of Congress have suggested it be done, been passed, or other violent measures taken, the state Through it all runs the current of often-proved

and its courts have acted quickly and firmly. By follow- friendship between the Cuban people and the people ing such a policysupported by the vast majority of the United States.

the people of the stateit has avoided serious troubles Those premium prices for Cuban sugar were a

iuch as those which have plagued other areas. strong factor toward preserving financial solvency of

When racial problems arise, violence only serves ^e Cuban Republic. They made for a better standard 10 inflame tempers and emotions, causing a situation than wouid have been otherwise poMible m

;o deteriorate rapidly and leaving the way clear for : ^ey helped keep Cubas industry

ixtremists and agitators on both sides to gain control * world-leader. j . j ui j i- u of a situation. When that happens, nothing constructive Such things are understandable in dealings be-

can be done toward resolving the problems. tween iriends. u ,, av i. #

, . . But these days we cant call the government of

IV *-7 Id CO u rt 8 ^uba "friendly. We cant call it an enemy, either;

throughout the state have shown quietly but firmly in ^ble to take an enmity seriously

past years that North Carolina would tolerate no racial before giving it such distinction.

vio ence. They are demonstrang the same policy again American eyes theres still a world of differ-

as the lunch-counter movement runs its coum. Such a between the regime of Premier Fidel Castro and

policy has been a major factor in maintaining good (.^.^an people. Possibly there is running through

Secretary Herters mind the chance of emphasizing this distinction, developing it, by undercutting the Castro economy.

The Cuban people might suffer for a "while; but once they got the message, Castro & Company conceivably could get walking papers.

That recently ratified sugar-and-trade pact Castro concluded with Soviet Russia we regard as near-disastrous for Cuba. The Moscow record on trade agreements, or any agreements, suggests there is trouble coming as an aftermath.

Since this country abhors themse of force against its wayward neighbors, the abandoning of our special price .system for Cuban sugar niight be in order.

Yet to be answered, is another question;

Will American consumers benefit, price-wise, by purchasing sugar at world market prices?

Court Seats

Voters

D

Atomic

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7he

By DON SCHLIENZ

By LYNN NISBET

OPEN In addition to the of-ficea of United States Senator, Oovemor, Lieutenant Govern-or. Attorney General and the eeven poaltioas on the Council of State, there are two seats on the State Supreme Court open for election tWa year. Justice Hunt Parker is up for a second eight-year term and Justice Clifton Moore, appointed to replace Justice Jeff Johnson, res'gned, will be seeking his first elective term on the high court. Candidates for these oP fices will be nominated in a ttatewlde primary and elected In November by all the people.

Judge Rudolf Mints of Wll-Ri'r.-ton (5th district) serving as Superior Court Judeg by appointment succeedin'? Judge Moore, who moved up to the S-nreme Gourt. <s a candidate fo" nomination in his district, but th nomnee will be voted upon statewide.

The alternatives afford considerable area for political hoss-tradlng". Nomination by commieett means that in Murdocks district ten persons (two merrbers from each of five counties) will choose the solicitor for the next two years: in Kornesays district six persons (three from each of two counties) will make the choice. Aspirants for the office will find it much ea.;ler to deal with six or ten people than with some 50,-000 voters.

It is expected that there wl be another Superior Court Judge besides Judge Mlntz on the November State ballot. Judge Paul Priazelle of Snow Hill, resident Judge of the eighth di.strlct (Greene, Lenoir and Wayne counties) let it be known sometime ago he expected to retire around the first of this year. Subsequently he postponed retirement date until after the books for filing notice of can-

Aeadiness Is Their Goa'

Pattern ravors The Democrats

By STERLING F. GREEN

WASHINGTON (AP)- If you are convinced that history repeats Itself, put a bet down that a Democrat will be the next

Solicitor John B. Regan in didacy in the primary close, president of the United States.

nntVt^nOA will nm., __ . Tha rvriHc #a ,rnv .rrvil Kiif tV.au

d vtrict, but the nominee will b? voted upon statewide.

Solicitor John B. Regan in district 9-A (Robeson and Bladen) and James E. Walker in district 14-A (Mecklenburg) are seeking election for the remaining two years of the regular term. They were appointed to serve until the next election af* ter the new districts were created by the 1959 General Assembly. While the solicitor is rated a State officer and his salary is paid by the State, he is nominated and elected by the voters only In his own district-

Primary nomination are open only In the two new sollcitorlal districts for the unexpired term. Almost certainly another soll-citorial vacancy will have to be filled in the general election. William Murdock in thfe 10th district (Alamance, Durham. Granville. Orange and Person) and Horace Komegay in the 12th (Davidson and Guilford) re presently the only candidates seeking the seat of Rep. Carl Durham in Congress from the sixth congressional district.

PILL INS Whichever is nominated for Congress will leave a vancancy in the solici-torship for his district, certainly after January 3 of next year. The congressional nominee will have the option of resigning as solicitor, thus permitting the Democratic executive committee to place a candidate on the November ballot: or of retaining the office of solicitor until he qualifies as a member of the Congress, in which case the Governor (not Hodges but the man elected to succeed him) will appoint a solicitor to fill out the unexpired term.

This will not affect the appointment of a fiU-in Judge by the Governor, but will take the nomination of an elective successor to the Judgeship out of the primary and place It in the committee of nine persons three from each of the three counties. It is assumed as a matter of practical politics that the Oovemor will consult this committee before appointing an interim Judge, and any real contest for .the position will be avoided.

HALF A THOUSAND - All told the people of North Carolina will elect more than .500 public officials this year. These will Include, in addition to those previously listed, twelve Representatives in the Congress, 170 members of the General Assembly some 300 county commissioners the number varying from county to county. Sheriffs, coroners and clerks of court are chosen for four year terms in non-presidentlal years. However. there will be some vacancies to fill throughout the state in these posts.

In many instances there will be no contests, only one candidate filing for each office. Lots of places there will be hard fought battles for the primary nominations. And every candidate for each office will find himself endangered by embroilment In races other than his own.

The prospect of 1500 to 2000 candidates seeking SOO offices, each seeking to avoid traps and at the same time to capitalize on the popularity of other candidates, gives promise of a very interesng pocal season.

.. - ^ --=*

The odds favor you, but they could be and have been upset.

You dont know, of course, which Democrat youre gambling on.

All you know is that he apparently will emerge from a rough-and-tumble convention scramble for the nomination. And that his presumed opponent. Vice President Richard M. Nixon, wont run into any contest for the Republican nomination. Going on those facts alone, history suggests. the GOP will be thrown out of the White House.

In the 11 elections since 1832 when the out-of-power party had conflict In choosing its nominee. that candidate has won the election eight times. The modern convention system began in 1832.

And the seven cases in which there was a conflict among the outs and harmony among the ins, the outs have been victorious five times.

This bit of statistical lore can be found deep in the close-packed pages of a new book. The Politics of National Party Conventions, written for the Brookings Institution by three political scientists Paul T. David. Ralph M. Goldman and Richard C. Bain.

The authors themselves draw

no conclusions about 1960. In fact their book, a gold mine of research on how the nation has found its presidents and its also-rans, supplies ample evidence that not one but many factors determine the outcome of elections.

Just the same, they consider that the pattern cited here has held true so consistently that it would seem to have some predictive value when the party system is working normally.

The record tells a totally different story when there is no contest among the outs. When an out party has picked its candidate harmoniously as by nominating a titular leader such as a previously defeated candidate. or by letting an inner group choose the nominee the outs have lost, 13 times out of 15.

Which suggests It might be positively unhealthy for the Democrats In November, and a boon for Nixon, if by some miracle the half dozen Democratic factions of today should unite suddenly behind a single aspirant.

This is the more true because the ins usually do best when they nominate without conflict by renominating an incumbent president, or selecting his understudy, or by letting a controlling group in the party designate the nominee.

In such cases the in party has won 16 of 23 elections, or 70 per cent of the time.

It happened again.

The cll that every National Guardsman in North Carolina knew was coming: the call to

arms.

Sure it was Just a test alert.

But it could have been for real, and maybe some day theyll have to answer the call when it wont be Just a test. But they'll be ready.

The Guard has a heritage of answering such calls.

Those men and boys youve seen wearing their National Guard uniforms, those are the same ones youd have seen in 1775.. .the same young faces, the same experienced faces, the same readiness.

Their uniforms, their weapons . . . .theyd have been different: but youd reoognlae their faces anywhere.

And those same faces kept turning up, by the hundreds of thousands, through American history, every time an emergency arose.

This Hornets Nest exercise in the state is really the mobilization of an army in terms

of minutes. As the name implies, its supposed to demonstrate what would happen if our nest were disturbed.

There are inconveniences involved In moblHzlng.

Employers dont relish such experiences: the men who hastily report for duty dont enjoy having their accustomed routines disturbed. But all understand the need, and nobody really complains.

George Washington put it this way:

Every citizen who enjoya the protection of a free government owes not only a portion of his property but even of his personal services to the defense of it.

That same spirit Is being displayed here and now, almost 2(M years later.

Kow good is the Guards preparedness?

Major General Clayton P. Kerr, who supervises administration and training of the Army National Guards 4.5(M) eompany-size units and 400,000 officers and men. has this to say:

Other Editors Saying . The Poor Unprotected

Strength For Today

The Dafly Reflector

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By EARL L. DOUGLASS THREE PATHS

Loneliness is one of the sad realities of life. It always has been. There is Just as much loneliness in the world today as in past generations when people lived on farms and plantations separated from their neighbors by many miles. There has probably never been greater llneli-ness than that which people today experience in a large city, Apartr ment house loneliness is a real and awful thing.

There would appear to be three roads leading out of this wilder-.ness. The iU-st Involves activity and multiplicity of interest. If one sits in the house and mopes, then one may expect the shadows of loneliness to become deeper with the passing years. Get new interests. Get out into the fresh air. Make new friends.

The second road leading from the wilderness of loneliness has to do with the cultivation of our own Inner life. We can have peace in our hearts If we seek it and pursue it. Make your life so rich that you will get real satisfaction every day simply by

living that life. Your inner capacities are so vast that nothing could be said or written which would convey the least sense of their vastneas. You are marvelous. You ought to know this and think about it.

The other road out of the wilderness is the road which leads upfrom ourselves to God, from earth to heaven. It has to do with church. Bible reading, prayer, reflection.

Three paths 1 Try them.

(The Chariot^ Newe)

When Atty. Gen. Malcolm Seawell called the practices of one North Carolina small loan

company a damned outrage he capsuled ovu* .sentiments precisely.

But there is not Just one ouU rage. There are many. Purther-more, they are often quite legal because the General Assembly of North Carolina hs not seen fit to write a small loan act that adequately protects the poor and innocent.

An example offered by a member of Seawell's staff is fairly typical. Existing state law allowed a lender to charge |1 for each $50 or fraction thereof up to and Including $250, then $10 for each $250 or fraction. The attorney generals office said one firms record showed one man received a loan of $100.01 for a four-month period. The odd penny meant that the lender could collect another dollar on his fee $3 instead of $2. The attorney generals office noted that the borrower also paid $2 in interest, SO cents for a notarys seal. 67 cents of life insurance, $11.67 for health and accident insurance. 35 cents for the writing of the policy and 60 cents as part of insurance costs.

Some small loan companies leave off the insurance and notary fees. Others soak the borrower for everything the law al

lows. That the law allows so much is downright ridiculous. One of the tragedies Is that borrowers frequently do not know their own rights and legal procedures and dont initiate action even when they may have been wronged.

When the problem was called to the publics attention in 1954, it was noted that many lenders in this state were getting s return of from 275 to 536 per cent on the money. The figure has run as high as 955 per cent in other states.

The states that have curtailed the abuses In the small loan system have done it simply by forbidding the collection of insurance and sundry other fees by the lender. These states have recognized, however, that the legal rate of 6 per cent Interest is unrealistlcally low In the small loan business where risks are high. Frequently, the charge to the borrowerthe only charge is monthly interest of from 2 to 3 per cent.

There are many fair and ethical small loan companies In North Carolina. Certainly, it would be in the interest of fair-minded firms to press for higher standards in the profession. Meanwhile, the out-and-out loan sharks ought to be more closely regulated by legislative action.

The National Guard has already attained the highest degree of mobilization readiness ever reached in peacetime by a reserve force of the United States.

I dont know of a better source for an evaluation.

Guard training is a constant thing. Its membership includes new recruits and a healthy sprinkling of combat veterans. Those without prior military training are required to spend six months on active duty training. It is estimated that at least eo.OiW National Guardsmen will undertake this training this year.

Then there are courses at Army service schools, and Army extension programs. At their local armories they train and learn some more.

It follows that 1 the National Guards readiness today is st its all-time best, another year should see an even better-tuned instrument.

With Muster Day (Feb. 22) Just around the comer, well be reading more about our National Guard. Its history is as inspiring as tny segment of our national defense, but they cant do their Job with tradition alone. Their work is to All the needs of today. . . .and many tomorrows.

Opinions In Brief

Election year one when many persons mistake their own emotions for a national movement. Memphis Press-Sciml-Ur.

Sixteen years from now the nation will be 2(X) years old, and of todays vexations probably the only farm products surplus will remain. Mattoon (111.) Journal Gazette.

We could fight Communism by learning more about it, by remembering that its adherents never sleep, by being alert to their deceptions, blandishments and false fronts, and their desire to work Into and seize control of every worthy organization,Palmetto (Pla.) Sun-coast News.

Probably the most genuinely patriotic people today re the precinct committeemen those Republicans and Democrats who are enough interested in their local, state and national governments to devote a good portion of their time calling on their neighbors in an effort to gain votes for the candidates of their party.Mattoon (111.) Journal.

loys

Comina

BY GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY COPYRIGHT, IMt,

KING FEATURES SYNDICATE INC.

Now that France has joined the A-BonUv Club with an explosion in the Sahara, the end of a monopoly by any nation of this devtstattng weapon has come. As the Insiders Newsletter" has said: . . .any country with the capacity to produce an automobile or a wristwatch will be able to make an atomic bomb. . .'

It is absurd for Washington and Moscow to ignore the fact that Ghana or Cuba or any other tiny nation has gained new strength bythe certainty that it Is now possible for anyone to make bombs who has access to bomb-making material. And bomb-making material is becoming more available as reactors are used for peaceful purposes. The 80<alled Atoms for Peace movement therefore may become one of the most devastating devices for the destruction of mankind ever placed In the hands of irresponsible or less responsible nations.

There is, of course, another side to the coin. Those European nations which have observed the ridiculous policy followed by the United States with regard to Castros Cuba, are becoming increasingly worried that in a tight moment the United States will fall them. They are therefore concerned with plans to defend themselves. In the economic field, the European Common Market and the Free Trade Association are successful expressions of a lessening dependence upon the United States. la the military field. France's A-Bomb explosion must be followed by other European nations, and we mutt anticipate many such developments over the world. The new Independent African nations might amuse themsdvcs with A-Bombs.

So far as the United SUtes U concerned, the deal made between Castro and Mlkoyan cannot be Ignored. Theoretically, it Is a sugar deal. There is also a promise of planes. Is there an Atoms for Peace deal? We shall not know that for some time, but if there is. the American situation would Immediately become periloua. How we can avoid some action at this point Is beyond reason or is it possible as James Reston reports, that at last Washington has a growing feeling^f insecurity. It takes the sHte Department a long time to feel such things.

However, the risk that we face, every nation faces. Not a spot upon this Earth is any longer safe. A nation that can make an A-Bomb can make an H-Bomb. Small bombs can do enough damage to force the Great Powers to act. In a decade. Ap Bombs eould be OMd by revo-lutionlstg against their own governments. scientists booUeggihf the makings to those who warn to use them.

The A-Bomb has altered the balance of power of the wo-ld. It set up two mighty giants, the United States and Soviet Russia, to dominate the Earth and to threaten and frighten other nations. The distribution of "AUxns for Peace reactors and the possibility of bootlegging their products and by-products raise new international m-oblems of enormous magnitude which cannot be faced by trifling political maneuvers.

Ghana has faced the problem realistically. It assumed an anti-French attitude as soon as France exploded the Sahara bomb. At ttuit moment, the politics of the African continent changed and the small nations which were in tluHr swaddling clothes on that continent suddenly realized that their independent existence could be wiped out by a shift in Frances political personnel. Suppose M. Soustelle. who maneuvered de Gaulle into power, could maneuver him out of power and establish a new French imperialism on the African continent I

Is this beyond possibilltyf Certainly no one can say that. In the present shift of power, it is Imposaible not to believe any possibility. In a progressing military situation, the possession of weapons and the capacity to maintain a continuous supply of them is power. Such power can now be made available to the small as to the large nations. The concept of retaliation is unimportant because the damage (Continued on Page 5)

Quote..

There is a sizable group in this state and in the nation who believe that the only way a political candidate or a party can win at the polls Is to espouse the so-called liberal way of life. If that term needs more definitions. we would say that the modern liberal is one who wants more and bigger governments, more bureaucrats . . . and more Inflation.Lambcrtville (N, J.) Beacon.

New Credit Swindle Being Usee.

OPERATION

712

"A DOZEN DOES IT

By ELMER ROESSNER

A oew credit gyp is worrying credit managers, causing some to tighten credit checking procedures.

Heres how it works: A swindler finds the name the address of a person with a good credit rating. Then, pretending to be that person, he applies for a charge-account credit.

Ip applying, he gives a phony address, but gives the aerrect address of the one he is imper-fonating as a former address. He also offers the name of an employer, which is phony, and a business phone number. If asked for a home phone number, the swindler explains he has Just moved and the new phone has not been Installed.

He also asks that hLs application be acted upon quickly as he wants to make some purchases that day.

When the store calls the local credit bureau, it Is told that a person of that name and

listed under the former address, has a fine credit rating.

If the store calls what was giv

en as the business number, someone answers apd gives enthusiastic reference*. The number is that of a public telephone and a confederate has been standing by to answer It.

CLEAN - UP AND GET - AWAY

Once the credit application is approved, the swindler quickly takes goods up to the limit of his approved credit. Often the store does not realize it has been swindled until the end of the billing period, when its bill is returned undelivered. By that time the swindler may be rigging new accounts in another city. And sometimes the swin-dlerjs a woman.

The defenses against this and similar swindles are simple. If an applicant says hechas Just moved, approval shonld be delayed until that statement can be checked. If he give.s an address at which he says he has lived for a considerable time, that can be verified by a phone call.

NOTE: there appears to be an Increasing number of swindles in which public telephones

are used. Numbers of these phones are frequently given as numbers of former employers in Job applications, or for references in connection with checks and other cheats.

This could be ended if phone companies used distinctive prefixes for public telephones, or arranged a distinctinve ringing sound when those numbers were called.

MANY INSIDE JOBS

James M. Malloy, credit manager for a Brooklyn department store, told a gathering of New York creditraen that most retail credit frauds are inside Jobs. And credit frauds are increasing. he warned.

An employee bent on thievery can collect the items wanted and write out a charge sales slip. Then when a customer offers a charge plate for.her purchase, the employee uses it on the phony slip as well as on the customer's.

His own store, he said circulates lists of lost charge plates as soon as the loss is known.

and offers $10 reward for thf recovery of each one.

Alack, he said, employees finding lost plates often go on a charging spree with them, or lend them to a confederate for the same purpose, then turn the plates in for the reward.

SEES SWEETER LURES THAN TAX CONCESSIONS

Competition among states to attract new industries by offering tax benefits is on the wane, according to Merritt M. Chambers. visiting professor of higher education at Michigan University.

Educational opportunities, such as good public school systems and research facilities offered by universities attract corporations. Dr. Chambers said.

Incidentally, he pointed out that neither Texas nor Nevada have Income or general aales taxes. Illinois. Michigan and Ohio have no Income taxes, and Minnesota and Wisconsin hav* no general aales taib