Monday* January 25* 1960

Monday* January 25, 1960

Invasion Of The Little People

Bordens Move Raises Questions

The sudden announcement of Rep. Graham Barden of New Bern that he will not seek re-election to Congress caught by surprise the Democratic leadership in Congi'ess as well as the Democratic leadership in North Carolina and in the Third district Barden has represented since 1934.

In the nine-county district composed of Craven, Carteret, Duplin, Jones, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender, Sampson and Wayne attention immediately centered on potential candidates jockeying for position* in the race to determine Rep. Bardens successor.

In Washington, meanwhile, attention is being focused on the powerful House Education and Labor Committee of which Rep. Barden has served as chairman and has effectively controlled as a Southern conservative. Under the seniority system of the House, Rep. Adam Clayton Powell, one of nine Negroes in the House and an ardent advocate of civil rights legislation, is in line to succeed Rep. Barden as chairman of the committee. The fact that Powell is under indictment for evasion of federal income taxes, plus the fact that he bolted the party to support Eisenhower in 1956 are matters of concern to the Democratic leadership in Congress.

Under the chairmanship of Rep. Powell, the powerful committee might be expected to take a position on federal labor and education matters almost exactly opposite of that which it has had under the chairmanship and effective leadership of Rep. Barden.

The matter of splitting the committee into two committees, one to handle legislation concerning labor and another to handle legislation concerning education, as suggested by Rep. Barden, is a problem that

!!^robation Plan iilelatively New

By LYNN NISBET

PROBATION Despite the more extensive use of probation for youthful and first offenders, in lieu of prison sentences, a great many people still have very sketchy ideas about iU purpose and effectiveness as one type of sentence in criminal cases.

Contrary to populw belief' there is very little kinship between probation and parole. The difference can be succinctly stated this way: Probation is a Judicial function, entirely in the discretion of the courts, and is applicable before and in lieu of imprisonment. Parole is a penal disciplinary function, exercised in discretion of the Paroles Commission as an adjunct of the prison system, and is applicable on basis of the behavior record and attitude of a prisoner after commitment.

The two systems do have some th ngs in common. The purpose ol both is to reduce the time a person convicted of crime i-psnds in prison to the shortest period consistent with demands of Justice and the individuals demonstrated capacity to resume The duties of free citizenship. Probationers are under supervision of cfficers of the Probation Commission as arms of the court. Parolees generally are required to report periodically to welfare departments as agents of the prison system. There are somewhat similar provisions for revocation or termination of probation and parole by Judicial process. Both the probation and parole commissions are financed by allocations from the highway fund. (Whether in either or both Instances this constitutes diversion is an oft debated question.)

NEW CONCEPT Parole, which means oonditipnal release of a prisoner before expiration of sentence, is almost as old as civiiiza^tion. Probation, conditional supervision before imprisonment, is relatively new. Parole was recognized by the North Carolina constitution from beginning of tlie State. Probation came in by statute in 1937Just 23 years ago.

As result of a casual street conversation with a very intelligent citizen, who displayed almost complete ignorance of the operations ol the probation system in North Carolina, your reporter spent more than an hour with Gordon Maddrey, director of probation, and his top assistant, W.S. Burleson, seeking information to pass along to our readers. Herewith are some of the facts, observations and recommendations developed from that conference.

JUDICIAL Probation is a Judicial function, which can be exercised only by trial courU of

record. That Includes 100 county

superior courts and perhaps almost twice that many inferior county, district and municipal or recorder courts. Like any other sentence, a probation Judgment must be entered in open court after conviction or a plea of guilty or nolo conte.ndere. The term of probation can be a maximum of five years, and that term can be applied even though the prison sentence permitted under the law might be more or less.

There is no record of appeal having been taken from a probation Judgment, and the question has never been raised. Presumably a defendant has the same right of appeal from that judgment as from any other sentence Imposed. The fact that no appeal has been taken is tnoute to the efficacy of probation.

UTILIZATION Probation is growing in acceptance and popularity with the Judges, as evidenced by the fact that 2,233 persons were placed on probation during the last fiscal year ending June 30, 1959- lu use sUll depends to considerable degree on the personal attitude of the Judges. Arresting officers and solicitors also are showing increasing cooperation.

Contrary to popular belief that peace officers and prosecuting attorneys want to see their victims put behind bars, Maddrey and Burleson say that instances are rare when these men do not go out of their way to help the culprits they have been forced to deal with in court. In most cases the lack of cooperation is due mainly to the belligerent attitude of the defendant, or to inadequate information available to th# judge and the other officers ol the court.

The probation executives were asked if they were generally requested by the couru to do some preliminary investigation, to develop facts of background in the life of defenaants which might aid in equitable probation judgments. Many times, yes. Perhaps too many times, no.

Maddrey thinks facilities of his agency perhaps could be used to much greater advantage in this area. Not for recommendations or suggestions, but wholly for developing and presenting factual information. When asked If his agency used undercover agents, or private eye detective type Investigators, Maddrey threw up his hands In horror. That would completely destroy the purpose of our .service, he said. Of course, he added, we do not publish our findings which are reported only to the judge, but we opt^rate in the open with full identification of our agents and purposes.

will weigh upon the Democratic leadership in Congress.

Rep. Barden has been a powerful figure in important legislative matters in his position as chairman of the House Committee on Education and Labor. He has effectively withstood assaults by more liberal members of Congress on his conservative Southern viewpoint, and he has gained the reputation of a matter of confusion" in effectively carrying his point in his committee and in Congress.

The leadership he has afforded in this important field of legislation will be sorely missed when he steps down from his post next January. The matter of choosing his successor as representative of the Third District in North Carolina will be one of the political high-- lights in North Carolina during this election year. The matter of choosing his successor in the Democratic line-up of committee chairmanships in Congress will-be one of the more difficult and perhaps more controversial problems to face the Democratic leadership there in the coming months.

^ Rep. Bardens surprising decision to retire from Congress has raised an interesting array of political questions in Eastern North Carolina, and in Washington as well.

Cuban Question Fast Running Out Of Time

What will the United States do about the seriously deteriorating" relations between it and the Cuban government of Fidel Castro?

It is imperative that something be done to bring about a better relationship between the two governments in the interest of harmony in the Western Hemisphere. Experience of recent months leaves little hope that better relationships will come about of their own accord unless some overt effort in that direction is made by one of the governments. And there is every indication that Fidel Castros government will not be the one to take the first step toward effecting a reconciliation.

Since shortly after coming to power, Castro has used what he termed U. S. imperialism" as a whipping boy apparently in an effort to increase his own strength in Cuba. The abuses in recent weeks have caused increasing concern in the United States as indicated by the recall of the American ambassador for consultations".

There is a delicate balance between what the U. S. can do in this situation without giving rise to further charges of imperalism" and what it can do without giving the, impression that it is being intimidated by a tiny nation on its very doorstep.

In any event, the time has come for the United States to'take positive action. The period of wait and see" apparently has continued long enough with a deteriorating rather than an improving result.

What is decided in Washington this week in respect to U. S.-Cuban relationships will be important to this nation and to all the Western Hemisphere.

The Dadly Reflector

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i raiier

!gnites

By HAL BOYLE

Knowlege Comes In Mai.

NEW YORK (AP)Things a columnist might never know if he didnt open his mail:

Some 500 million Valentine cards will be sold next month, and women will buy mcM-e than men. This doesnt mean the girls are more romantic durins leap year. It merely means a girl sends a greeting card to her boy friendbut expects him to buy her a more substantial token of affection.

Storm hint: The oak is the most dangerous of all trees to stand under during a Uchtning sUxma because its high starch content makes it a good conductor of electricity.

Sen. Estes Kefauver believes many new drugs in America are

priced too high but Asians cheerfully pay |2.0(X) for a rhinoceros horn, an ancient remedy regarded as a cure lor many ailments.

Stop thief! Bet you cant guess what books are among those most commonly stolen from public U-rarles. Books on dieting and Bibles!

It costs a lot to stay alive today. Even so. its cheaper than dying. The price of the average funeral now is $440.

Nobody ever said it better; Joe E. Lewis, commenting on his 50th birthdxy: Fifty is when it takes twice as long to rest and half as long to get tired.

Pew things are more habit forming than prison life. Of every 100 convicts released, 43 are be-

?ublic

is

Getting Costlier

Oier Ecditors Saying... Larkins Makes His Bid

NATIONAL ADVEKTIKING REPRKSE.NTATIV18 Tbomsft P Clark Co. Im^.. New York. Chlraco, Atlafa Member Audit Bureau of Circulation

All advsrtiamt copy muat be received at least out day befoie publication date

By RALPH ROBEY Last summer President Eis* enhower made three specific requests of the Congress. These were, first, raise the government debt limit; second, authorize the payment of a higher rate of Interest on E and H savings bonds; and third, eliminate the 4 1-4 percent ceiling on U.8. obligations of five or more years maturity.

The requests were backed by top Administration spokesmen before the House Ways and Means Committee and it was assumed that there would be no particular trouble in the House and that the Senate ultimately also would agree.

What actually happened was that the debt limit was raised, and after much debate and de* lay the Treasury was r .'or'r.-ed to increase Interest payments on E and H savings bonds from 3V4 to a maximum of 4Vi percent. The rate has been raised to 344 percent. But nothing was done on the interest rate ceiling of 444 percent, and as expected the President has again requested action on this.

This current request was made in the form of a special message from the President to the Congre.*w his first special message in this session. This gives this problem top priority in the opinion of the Administration. and quite properly so.

We a^jk now. and have been for many*months, in a position where the U. 8. Treasury can not sell an obligation ol five or more years maturity. The reason for this is that most of the bonds of the government now outstanding of this maturity are selling in the market at prices which give a yield of more than 4Vi percent. All the Treasury financing therefore has to be done in the short-term market. The volume of such financ

ing is enormous and the shortterm rates have been driven to over 5 percent. Since the passage of time makes more and more of the public debt shortterm, this means the carrying charge is getting higher and higher.

It is not possible as yet to forecast what the reaction of the Congress will be this year.. House Speaker Rayburn has indicated that he does not know whether he can swallow whole what Mr. Eisenhower proposes but adds that if he can get the kind of a bill that he wants he will support it. That probably pret^ well typifies the attitude of Wilbur Mills, Chairman of the Ways ^d Means Committee, and various of his Democratic committee members.

In the Senate the issue is even more confused. The Senate Finance Committee, under the chairmanship of Senator Byrd, may decide to have hearings on the proposal before the House takes action. If it does, and granting the committee agfees on a proposal, the suggestion could be attached to any other tax measure coming out of the Ways and Means Committee. But even this doce not a&sure favorable Senate action. Senate Majority Leader Johnson wants to make interest rates a major political issue this fall, and in view of this he must be expected to oppose the Presidents request.

This would appear to indicate that there will have to be some type of compromise. The one receiving most attention is to permit the Treasury to pay more than 4V4 percent only in the case of swapping new bonds of longer than five years' maturity for other issues already outstanding. This would be better than nothing, but it is not even an approximate solution of the problem.

(Hendersoa Dispatch)

John Larkins announced Thursday that he is a candidate for Governor in the May Democratic primary, and thus became the first to m^e a formal proclamation of his intentions. For whatever advantage there may be in becoming the first to break the ice, he has gained the distinction. His friends and supporters now know for a certainty that he is in earnest, and there is no longer any doubt as to his campaign.

In recent months there has been speculation that the Trenton attorney would not make tre race. All that is brushed aside now. The next move will be to announce a campaign manager and establish headquarters.

Larkins said he had recently been in every county in the * State. He also cited his public services in the past quarter century in various capacities with the State. Included were his nine terms in the State Legislature, chairmanship of some of the top committees, member of the Advisory Budget Commission, State party chairman and his present connection as Democratic national committeeman. All these activities provide an enviable background of familiarity with problems of State government.

Those who have assumed that Larkins would be an ultra conservative candidate need only to analyze his announcement to become disillusioned. Indeed there are those who could wish that he were even more of a righest in public affairs than his statement indicated. But he has had sufficient contact with enough

people to convince him that any man who aspires to high office and expects to achieve it must be responsive to what appears to be demands of the people, whether sound or otherwise as to government obligations to them.

The weeks ahead will demonstrate the extent to which Larkins will attract substantial po{>' ular support in his candidacy. Terry Sanford, the Fayetteville attorney who is already running as hard as he can without the formality of a positive commitment, is recognized as a liberal and is building an organization. Larkins has not been idle in that respect, either, as will become mwt and more evident from now on.

With Larkins and Sanford as known aspirants for Governor, others who may have like ambitions, will lose ground the longer they delay, if they have serious intentions about the coa-test. Only -time will reveal how many or who will compete for the office. There may be others. But it would not be at all surprising if the race shall be left to these two candidates.

Less than two months remain until the deadline for formally filing in order to get the name on the ballot. Those who delay will allow a lot of grass to grow under their feet and could be at a serious disadvantage should they procrastinate.

Xarkins is now an avowed aspirant for high office. He has burned the bridges behind him, and from here on may be expected to be in there fighting with all the political prowell of which he is capable.

hind bars again within five years.

Turkish bath proprietors in Istanbul. Turkey, are complaining about bad business. The reason: Progress. Too many modern apartmeoLs are going up with built-in baths.

The last one for the road: Safety officials estimate liquor is a factor in 20,000 highway deaths each year. And can you name the disease which outranks polio 155 cases to 1, tuberculosis 11 to 1. and cancer 6 to 1? It is alcoholism.

The cheetah, speed champion of the animal world, can sprint 70 miles an hour. From a standing start it can gear up to 45 m.p.h. in two seconds.

Gag of the Week: The only tune a wife is economical. says Arthur Murrays ghost writer, is when she talks about her age."

It was Errol Flynn who observed, "Life is meant to be lived. Let us proceed to live it."

The Public Forum

To the Editor:

The people of Caldwell County are delighted that C Frank Kennedy of the North Carolina Highway Patrol has been promoted from sergesnt to lieutenant but we regret that he hss been transferred to another county and to another section of the State.

We can say without hesitation that Caldwells loss is Pitt's gain as h assumes his new duties in your section of North Carolina.

Lt. Kennedy has established a remarkable record in this section of the State <Jurlng his 25 years of service as a member of the State Highway Patrol. Through his fairness as a law enforcement officer, he has won the respect of this entire community and area. H6 is eminently qualified to serve in his new and larger field of service. He will serve you well, as he has the people here.

Your city and county law enforcement officers, along with the FBI and SBI, may expect the fullest cooperation from him. As sheriff of this county, I could not ask for better cooperation and assistance than that given me, and to members of my department by Mr. Ken-nerly.

J. B. Myers, Sheriff Caldwell County

A Trend

By ROGER BAB80N BABSON PARK. Mass.The so-called trailers are enjoying Treat gro.wth in every state of xir country^. This especially applies to Florida and the South, including Texas; and to California and all the Pacific Coast. MOBILE HOUSES DESCRIBED These average about thlrty-.flve feet In length and sell, fully equipped, at about $100 per foot. There are larger ones, 40-60 feet long and 8-10 feet wide, iMiiWiiy with two complete bedrooms. a studio couch In the living room, and ample bathroom and kitchen. They are heated and air-condlttoned. and have food refrigeration and every other convenleoce.

They are usually located in a pleasant parking lot. at a charge of about $20 per month. Some have adjoining cabanas with porch furniture. They also may have private phones, if desired. There is no grass to cut. garbage is taken care of. and rnUk is delivered,

MANY OTHER ADVANTAGES Those who visit the same trailo park each winter, or who leave their trailer there the whole yearperhaps unoccupir ed three months of the year become very friexidly and helpful to one another. They watch out for one another in case of iUneas and often invite their trailer friends to thetr permanent nOTthem homes.

Trailer fans also are able to see much of the country-having an advantage over thoee who buy small permanent homes or stay at motels. By the way, 1 should mention that the largest trailers must be hauled by tractors; but anything under 35 feet can be hauled by private auto.

RULES WHEN BUYING PROPERTY IN ANOTHER STATE (1) Be sure you see the property before buying. Do not buy from a blueprint. Sight unseen. (2) Try not to be the earliest buyers on a new sub-dlvlsioa. but wait and see what kind of people your neighbors would be. (3) Buy raw land only, for cashthen go to a local bank to get help in building a house. (4) Otherwise buy or rent a trailer and rent a lot for your trailer with an option to buy later on If you wish. MOBILE FACTORIES ARE COMING Many young people after they have learned a tradeare anxious to go into business for themselves, but'fear the com-peUtion which the big corporations could give them. I lore-cast that the mobile small factory will be a great help to such young people.

This means that a couple could buy a bakery, a candy shop, or a stocking factory, aU equipped with the latest machinery and ready to operate. They could bring this factory to a central locatioa in the city In which they live or some adjoining city.

ONE OPERATE THE FACTORY. THE OTHER SELL THE PRODUCT One of the owners would operate the factory with two or three local assistants; while the other would sell the pro-duet. There would be no labor unions to struggle with. The factory would not be big enough to cause concern to any large corporations.

Recent Congressional action authorized formation of small business investment companies which could help finance Just such new small concerns in many felds. For tb address of the office nearest to you. see your local Chamber of Commerce or contact your regional Small Business Administration office.

NATIONAL CO-OPERATION POSSIBLE The companies making these mobile factories might agree to sell only one of a kind to each city (depending upon the size of the city). Then all the mobile bakeries could form an association to buy their suppUe cheaper than it would cost the independent units. A similar plan could be followed by the mobile candy factories, etc.

Not only could such a plan be set up to give qualified young people a chance to go into business profitably for themselves; but any mobile factory could Continued On Pag* 5

A Big May On Voting Tax Cut

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS A PRAYER

The writer of this article seldom uses quotations. If they are used at all, the quotation is generally not more than a dozen or so words in length. Once in a while, however, a quotation of such unusual beauty is encountered that it Is incorporated wholly in the article.

The fallowing prayer is that posted on the door of a guest room at Bridgewater College in Virginia:

Let me do my work each day. and if the darkened hours of despair overcome me, may I not forget the strength that comforted me in the desolation of other times. May I still remember the bright hours that found me walking over the silent hilLs of my ^arly childhood, or drramlna nn

the margin of the quiet river, where a light glowed within me, and I promised my early God to have courage amid the tempests of the changing years. May I not forg that poverty and riches are of the spirit. . . Lift my eyes from the earth, and let me not forget the uses of the stars. ... Let me not follow the clamor of the world, but walk calmly in my path Give me a few friends who will love me for what I am. and keep ever burning before my vagrant step^^ the light of hope. And though "age and Infirmity overtake me, and I come not within sight of the castle of my dreams, teach me still to be thankful for life.

There is no Amen to this prayer, but it Is appended with reverence.

By ELMER ROESSNER Congress may vote a tax cut this year in spite of itself.

Thats a big. big may. Odds are that it wont happen.

But many Congressmen, bidding for re-election, are saying that they will vote for a lowering of the Federal tax rates. Others are taking a look with Interest on tax reductions.

There are plenty of tax - cut bills in the Congressional hopper. If a few candidates for re-election get behind one of them, many other Congrefy>men will hesitate to vote against a tax 1 eduction in a Presidential year. And despite all leadership opposition to a cut. Congress may actually find itself voting for one.

But a White House veto will probably slash It. So keep hopes down, tax reserves up.

Here is more peering into the future of American business. with lenses -polished by analyses of developing trends and glossed with advance tips: Co.'th''r niPtjiLs. Conner, ztnc

and other metals seem certain to rise this year. And, despite what President Elsenhower, Vice President Nixon and others keep saying, your reporter continiies to say that steel prices will go up. Slowly, perhaps, with some increase delayed until after election, but nevertheless up. Manufacturers will profit by stocking up as long as suppliers can deliver basic metals at current prices.

Insurance sensation. A life, accident and sickness insurance for people up to 96 is being worked on and may be an-rounced within a few weeks. MORE PAY-LATER Higher credit totals. Despite the expense It costs about twice as much to carry charge or instalment accounts now as It did a decade agototal credit cu.standing will rise this year. And one authority, Alan S. Jeffrey, executive vice president of the American Finance Conference. predicts credit outstand-inr will double in thL*; dcrade, Ch'-' "'r irtpnt. A total of 7.-

198,000 head of cattle and calves were being fattened as of January 1. the Department of Agriculture reports. Pig holdings are also high; efforts to curb the production of broilers have failed and the poultry supply is rising with the year. These factors mean more, and hence cheaper, meat through most of I960.

New floor wax. In the laboratory, but fast nearing markets. IS a new floor wax that is selfpolishing to a higher degree of gloss, and impervious to spotr ting by water, even soapy water.

Expensive twine. World stocks of sisal are about exhausted. portending a worsening of the shortage of twine, with consequent higher prices.

Higher bank profits. Earlier predictions here of sharply higher bank profits In the last quarter of 1939 are beginning to come true. In three months this prediction will also be con-ffrmed by fact; Bank profits will continue to rise, setting

new high marks for the first quarter in this year.

OLD PROMOTER WANTS BOOKS GROOVED FOR SOUND Unless book publishers do something about their own third dimension, theyll soon be standing on the corner, watching all the profits go by, the Old Promoter said today. He has a weakness for those sweeping, empirical remarks. We asked explanation.

Television Is winning out over literature because it offers sound. he said. But book publishers could add sound if they wished. They could supply records or tai^ that would provide mood and background music while the reader reads. Imagine the satisfaction of hearing waves break while read- ' ing Melvilleor of pistols cracking against the background of nightclub music while reading OHara.

We didnt try. Were* leaving it to Madison Avenue.