FACE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Wednesday, December 30, I9S9

Wednesday, December 30, 1959

Cleaning. Out His Desk

Ten Years Of Growth In America

The ^eat events of the fifties touched lives of us all. A new age begins with the dawn of I960.

As in all periods of time, the decade had its moments of fear, hope, pride, progress, violence, peace, doubts and growth.

Grow'thperhaps thats the world that best describes the march of events at home and abroad since the minute-hand of clocks edged past midnight of December 31, 1949. ^

Dark days, days of anxiety, of doubt; we had them. There will be more.

The 1950s were only six months old when North Korean soldiers drove southward and the United States was plunged into a struggle which brought defeats, victories, defeats and victories. It closed on a note of stalemate; which, in afterthought, affected the whole pattern of American policies for years yet unborn.

The fifties marked emergence of Communism as a naked^menace to the world; it was also a period when it became clear there would be no real peace for a long time to come, only varying degrees of tension.

Russia developed the A-bomb, and soon after, the H-bomb. This country too pressed its nuclear testing . . . and something new came to arouse anxieties. Strontium 90 and fallout became^common terms.

It was also a time of great foreign aid to struggling governments and peoples. Billions of dollars were given and loaned to shore up faltering economies as well as to relieve burdens of abject poverty.

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This Is A Time Of PreDaration

By LYNN NISBET

ANTE-ROOM Your reporter asked a very astute political observer on Capitol Square ii he anticipated any significant developments this week. Depends on your definition of developments. he said. There will be some important conferences and perhaps decisions, but no publicity. The period from December 20 to January 10 is a time for preparation. a sort of ante-room in which candidates for initiations are briefed and groomed. He said Nelson Rockefeller had lost face with politicians by jumping the gun with his no-candidacy statement on the day after Christmas.

Democratic leaders have indicated they wiU get in some of their important bills immediately after the Congress convenes on January 6. Publicity on these matters will tend to stimulate interest all down the line in party and personal platforms.

During January most of the big corporations in North Carolina will hold their annual stockholders and directors meetings. Politics will not be on the agenda for public discussion, but

will get a lot of of attention in offside informal conversations. From these talks may develop a general pattern of support of ideas, to be followed by search for candidates who will effectuate them.

Contrary to belief in some Quarters, big banks, commercial and manufacturing corporations do not put money directly into political campaigns. Its against the law. Indirectly they can be responsible for very substantial campaign contributions.

Financing is the big problem for the aspirants for top offices. Despite boasts by some that money is no problem, there is evidence that none of the potentials for Governor has in hand or in sight at this time enough money to wage a successful campaign.

PARTY Heinz RoUman, the wealthy shoe manufacturer, w'ho switched allegiance to the Republican party after his defeat for Congress in the 12th district Democratic primary last time. Is giving a party for newspaper folks at his Waynesville home Saturday night of next w^eek. The invitations said that even if the guest belongs to a different political party, he is wanted and will be welcomed and entertained.

It has been noted here before that developments in the 12th congressional district may have more bearing on the statewide election than those in any other sector of the state. Rollman is an Individualist rather than a political partisanas evidenced* by his switch in party registration. It is entirely possible that significant results might

come from his little dinner meeting. Similar quasi-private parties are being held all over the state. Historically big movements have started from such small affairs.

Which is another way of saying that the smart politicians will watch these private dinners and business stockholders meetings with keen interest, as prophetic of developments which will be-publicized at the big affairs like the Jefferson-Jack.son (Democratic) and Lincoln Day (Republican) dinners, and at subsequent open party conventions. The next tw*o or three w'eeks will be devoted mainly to the semiprivate get-togethers.

Meantime, political writers and eager-beaver ward-heelers will be trying desperately to get positive statements from prospective candidates. Chances are none will be forthcoming, of real moment, before around February 1.

COLLEGES Results of a survey recently made by Changing Times. monthly magazine of the Kiplinger organization, raises serious question as the collegians would have the public believe.

Questionnaires sent to 407 colleges produced about 70 per cent answers, indicating that 260 colleges could have accepted last fall 36,500 more freshmen than applied for enrollment. The estimated openihgs for the second half of the year beginning January 1, 1960, was 46,300 more students could have been accommodated.

Strangely enough, many of these openings are in big nationally-famed institutions, although most of them are in less widely publicized collegesbut with comparable quality of instruction.

The survey further indicates that almost every student who wants to go to college next year can find a place to go. There are and will be more vacancies for women students thaji for men, but the high school boy graduate can get in college if he wants to enter.

The big jam will come at opening of the college term in 1964. when the present 8-graders (representing the big baby crop of the post war period) are ready for higher education. The educational institutions are planning ahead to take care of that jam. and with a little wise consideration of real needs, rather than emphasis on social^stand-ing in a big Institution, there should be no real troubleif planning is done in advance.

The survey further showed that standards have been raised in many of the smaller institutions. and more two-year colleges have been established and accredited, so that nearly every student can be accorded a college educationif it is education and not something else he is looking for.

Still closer to home, the Joseph McCarthy story inspired deep concern; for in essence he said traitors* in government were shaping policies of the United States. His tactics and much of his case were eventually discredited. Its aftermath found citizens more con-scious of their liberties and the ways in which they can be threatened. " ^

The Supreme Court did an about-face on a question w'hich a large part of the country had adopted as a way of life. The results wcre an arousing of passions and in some instances violence. The chain of events triggered by that decision has not yet run its course.

Another aspect of American life that became a drastic chapter of the fifties was a growing concern over the moral fabric. Delinquency, misrepresentation, graft . . . and a new term, payola . . . were all a part of the picture. To many it was an indication of a deteriorating standard.

The 1950s were also marked by an awakening to future population problems, the emergence of Communist China as a world power, the worries inspired by inflationary spiral, labor-management strife. All w'ere cause for some measure of alarm and forbodings.

Still, the elements of growth and signs of national maturity prevailed.

Korea and succeeding incidents and scars underscored the need for vigilance and patience.

Survival became a matter for intensive study and planning.

Fresh emphasis on Constitutional rights emerged from probings . . . never before had the Fifth Amendment been so often invoked. Too, the probers brought to light much Americans as a whole didnt know was going on.

And when adult and juvenile delinquency was weighed, the scales were heavily laden against the hoods and cheaters. Never before had so many young people pursued the cause of education to its higher levels. Never before had the churches witnessed so high a percentage of members. In no other decade had the cause of Charity'reaped such a haiwest of giving t)y individuals, groups and organizations..

As against its power for destruction, the atom's u.se in peaceful pursuits moved into real prominence. Reactors are now generating electricity for factories and homes. More and more are on the way. Medicine found blessings in the atom that had never been dreamed. All research has benefitted.

The fifties were rich in the numbers and quality of books, of plays, of musical compositions, of homes and great buildings. In terms of comfort, service, personal wealth and health ... it can be said we never had it so good.

There are some who may say the dawning of the Space Age was the most important single event we witnessed. Someday, that may be so. For our part, we are filing that development as one more manifestation of growth in a continuing story.

The 19G0s have a long way to go to match the era W'e are about to leave; but its hard to conceive a backward step.

B.V HENRY HOWARD

Always, Another Chance

Last night, a great crowd gathered in Raleigh to witness a basketball doubleheaderone of six in the current Dixie Basketball Classic.

This year, an interesting first round brought a mild upset or two and paired off even more interesting foes. Many of the spectators were sitting tight waiting to see how Wake Forest would perform.

The Deacons responded in fine style, showing their potential as a sleeping hardwold giant. Most everyone was well pleased w'lth their showing.

The interesting thing, though, was last night as two age-old rivals clashed headon lor the

right to battle Wake Forest tonight for the Classics championship.

Everyone was well aware of the fact that the game being played was basketball. Still, there hung in the air a carryover from the pigskin season recently ended.

Last nights feature attraction pitted Carolina against Duke. Duke fans sat hopefully.

As the two teams pranced through pre-game warmups, Blue Devil backers grimly thought of what might happen during the next hour or so. Many of them smiled slyly as they relisheri the prospects of a Duke victory,

Two Results On other Editors Saying

Coach Vic Bubas five had come along fine and had looked good during a short winning string. Silently the fans watched as the game was about to get underway. Duke minds were already secretly conspiring to rub it in if the Methodists prevailed.

They gave their most hearty vocal support as the ten cagers began the contest. They made no audible mention of what would happen should Duke win.

Carolina fans were jubilant as the Tar Heels were quick to get rolling and shattered a Duke dream to atone for 50-0 licking little more than a month ago.

But therell be other times. You can always say: Just wait til next time.

Rolitica.

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP)There are two clear-cut results from New York Oov, Nelson A. Rockefellers decision to step aside and leave Vice President Richard M. Nixon unopposed for the Republican presidential nomination.

1. The Democrats will be able to start their own campaign much earlier by concentrating their fire on Nixon right from the beginning of 1960.

2. The voters will be able next November to make a lot sharper distinction between Democrats and Republicans.

Its no news to say the Democrats dislike Nixon. He has been around a long time. The. have had a lot of experience with him. They particularly dislike him for his campaign tactics in other years.

Some of them have maintained it would be easier to beat Nixon than Rockefeller in the presidential race. By this reasoning, if they opened up on Nixon before the convention, they might have made Rockefeller's nomination easier.

They no longer have that problem. Since Nixon seems to be the sure-shot Republican choice, the Democrats can start blasting him right away.

Since Nixon has been completely Id'-niified with the Eisenhower adminLstration, he can ill afford to be critical of it.

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To Bigotry No Sanction

either before he gets the nomination or afterward.

Rockefeller was critical of the administra Lien a number of times in the past few months while still wondering whether to oppose Nixon. But he could afford to be. He wasn't attached to it.

Nixonbecause of the role he played in the administration since 1953can hardly afford, or it seems now, to do anything more in the campaign than to promise more of the same.

This may, of course, be sufficient to win if Eisenhower by that time has managed to make the world a little more peaceful and the country is anxious to continue his policies.

Since Nixon appears destined to campaign witl^a theme song which goes like thisIf you liked Ike, you'll like me, too any Democratic fire aimed at Eisenhowers performance must hit Nixon also.

The Democrats, of course, will have to promise to do better and, what is of equal significance to voters trying to make up their minds, do it differently.

Thus they should be able to make a clearer distinction between Nixon and the Democratic candidate than between Rockefeller and the Democrat since Rockefeller, unlike Nixon, could be critical of Elsenhower.

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The swift action of West German officials against flareups of anti-Semitism in Cologne was refreshing.

Two young men have been seized for desecrating synagogues on Christmas Eve, and rigidly and publicly conducted Investigations are promised. Rewards have been offered, and the interior minister of the North Rhine-Westphalia state government went before a nation-wide TV audience to say that he believes there is no anti-Semitism in Germany despite the events.

The West will always be sensitive to news about anti-Semitic incidents in Germany. Hitler used anti-Jewish propaganda to boost himself to power. His systematic wartime campaign to rid Europe of its millions of Jews was so horrendous that even today it is still hard to take in.

In fact, men of all societies even the freestmust watch for that tell-tale of sickness in the body politiicanti-Semitism. Even the most optimistic know that a long tradition of freedom is helpful, indeed necessary, for its elimination.

Some of the strength of the origins of American freedom came through Sunday In the special Hanukkah, or Feast of Lights, TV program conducted at Touro Synagogue In Newport, R.I. The Newport temple is the oldest in the country and for the past 13 years has been a national historic shrine.

It was to the Touro congregation in 1790 that President George Washington directed his famous letter stressing religious freedom as a basic principle of our republic.

The Citizens of the United States of America, he said, have a right to applaud themselves for having given to Mankind examples of an enlarged and liberal A policy worthy of imitation. All possess alike liberty of conscience and immunities of citizenship. It is now no more than toleration is spoken of as if it was by the indulgence o one class of people, that another enjoyed the exercise of their Inherent natural rights. For happily the Government of the United States, which gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance, requires only that they who live under its protection, should demean themselves as good citizens, in giving it on all occasions their effectual support,

Then and there the Father of His Country issued an injunction to succeeding generations of Americans, whom he predicted would become a great and happy people. Addressing a letter To the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Isladd, he said:

May the Children of the Stock of Abraham, who dwell in this land, continue to merit and enjoy the good will of the other Inhabitants; while every one shall sit in safety under his own Vine and Pigtree, and there shall be none to make him afraid. May the Father of all mercies scatter light and not darkness in our paths, and make us all in our several vocations useful here, and in his own due time and way everlastingly happy.

Here are truly thought-provoking sentences for both the eight days of Hanukkah and the Twelve Days of Christmas.

Apparently, there has been little mourning for the little bushy-tailed rodent that so un-thoughtfully interrupted Christmas Day dinner preparations here in town last week.

It seems like nearly every housewife effected by the loss of current was up in arms at the little feller that carelessly electrocuted himself and stopped the electrical wheel on an entire circuit Christmas morning.

If he only knew the trouble he caused, hed surely be apologetic to each of the 300-plus families he Inconvenienced.

Its probably a good thing he ^iid lose his life In the ordeal. If he were still in the land of the living, he probably be hunted down and stoned to death.

>uzzy

?utufe

Outline

By HAL BOYLE

NEW YORK (AP>It is time again for our annual fuzzy forecast of the future.

Surprisingly, the old crystal ball is clearer than usual on what lies ahead in the next 13 months. After a decade as muddy as the 1950s, it cant get anything but clearer.

Life in 1960 looks downright pixie. Here are a few unsafe and zany predictions on what will happen during the coming year:

The Soviet Union will land the first dog on the moon. Three months later, spurred on by angered animal lovers around the world, the United States will land a smaller rocket on the moon containing three cans of dog food-^nd a can opene^ that can be operated by paw.

Fidel Castro of Cuba will get a close shave.

Red China, worried over the possibilities of world overpopulation, will export three million tons of birth control Uterature to India, two million tons to the Soviet Union and one million tons to America.

England will offer to unite Ireland, and the Irish will turn the offer down on the grounds they dont need foreign help.

On the domestic political front, the Republicans, sensing the country is in the mood for a real economy program, will nominate Richard M. Nixon for both president and vice president.

The Democrats, after a bitter intraparty fight, will nominate a real dark horse for president Sen. Edward Muskie of Maine and campaign under an old GOP slogan: As Maine goes, so goes the nation. In a hands across the distaff gesture, the Democrats will name for vice president either Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt or actress Lauren Bacall. Clare Boothe Luce will be offered the post secretly but will turn it down.

In the sports w'orld. Manager Casey Stengel of the New York Yankees will win the World Series, retire from baseball and buy a bowling alley. He will then drill and find oil under it.

Notre Dame will come up with a promising chess team, made up mostly of sophomores.

Heavyweight titleholder Inge-mar Johansson will duck any further fights until he completes ms life story, Memoirs of a Champion, or My Years at the Top.

On the entertainment front, Helen Hayes will both sing and dance in a Broadway musical version of Queen Victoria. The nations newspapers will write 1.316,412 editorials suggesting pay television be given a trial, and Congress will do nothing about it. Brigitte Bardot will turn down a Hollywood bid to star in an American-made film, The Life of Grandma Moses.

GIVE

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Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS SPECIALIZATION

We live in an age of specialization. One need only go as a patient to a hospital to appreciate this fact. He is passed around from one department to another until he is sometimes more ill from hurrying about and climbing stairs than from the malady for which he is seeking cure.

In trade unions specialization is emphasized. To ask a carpenter to install a light bulb or an electrian to paint a square inch of surface would be the same as asking them to break all the Ten Commandments at one time. Even at a football game one sees the offensive and defensive players running on and off the field and sometimes their separate coaches giving them instructions.

But, of course, specialization

Is necessary in the searchi^fo definite facts. The general practitioner cannot be an authority on diseases of the eye nor can he be expected to perform major operations. If a man is going to teach history or English or any other erudite subject, he has to give a big section of his life preparing himself to do so. He cannot switch over and conduct courses in science and mathe-mathematics or teach me-drawing.

Specialization means the ferreting out of specialized knowledge and the application of this knowledge to practical situations. Its value isexcellent; its danger lies in the fact that the specialist may fail to realize that he is part of a larger group and that he must integrate his knowledge into the worlds common body of Information.

On Advertisina: Does It Sell?

VMDJDHES

EAPRESS^ THINKS RJ* -BV4KW WtTH US' IN RlB(iiyy

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By ELMER ROESSNER

In one way, small business is much more practical than the giant corporationsperhaps because it cant afford otherwise. This is in the field of measuring advertising effectiveness.

In the last score years there has been a great rise in so-called scientific measurement of advertising impact.

In simplest form, this has consisted of house-to-house interviews asking consumers whether they saw a certain advertisement, or what w'as the last beer advertisement they remembered, or what kind of corn flakes they used and why.

Because some consumers want to make eager young interviewers happy and pretend to remember advertisements they havent seen, there is also the clandestine interview, in which th interviewer asks about something else and sneaks in a query about the product he Ls interested in. He may talk about soap powders, then casually say hes so thirsty hed like a drink ol water, and casually bring the

conversation around to beer and the kind the family likes best. MIND PROBING

There are also interviews in depth. The average person is Inclined to say his next car will be a Cadillac, his next TV set a 28-incher and champagne his favorite tipple. BuV after two hours of interviewing, a relationship is established in which an interviewer can learn real preferences and, perhaps, the subconscious reasons that compel the consumer to Choose one product over another.

There Ls another pattern in radio and television. People arc asked wha programs they are watching, or attachments tell what programs are being turned on.

This has led to the rating .system, which has brought a rain of criticism on television programmers. There are some signs that Congress may look into them. SMALL BUSINESS SYSTEM

The little fellow, however, has neither the time nor money to play around with subconscious

motivation, the psyche and the Id. He has only one test; Does the advertisement sell my

goods?

He puts an add in a paper and waits. If it brings in customers, its a good ad. If it doesnt,'he tries something else next time. EventuaUy he finds out what sells in his market.

Theres an accepted theory in department store advertising: The kind of ad that worked best in 1959, whether it was a clearance sale, doUar-day, make-us-an-offer, anniversary sale or whatever ad, will be the kind of ad that will work best in 1960.

Big business, especially those using broadcasting media, might try small-business techniques for a cliange. ln.stead of asking i.OOO people what program they are ILstenlng to, why not ask 1.0(K) shopkeepers how much of the product they sold the day after the broadcast compared with how many they sold before? Why not ask distributors how ordeis a week after the show eompared with orders the week before? As people keep

saying, the proof of something or other, is In the whatl;::!r.cw.;iii-lit

U.S. CIGARETTE EXPORTS SHOW SHARP INCREASE

United States exports of cigarettes In the first nine months of this year were 14 per cent higher than in the same 1958 months.

The largest consignee was Morocco, which bought 1,848,000,-000 smokes. Second was Venezuela, to which 1,801,000,000 were shipped. Exports to Venezuela w'Ul decline in 1960 because the government is planning to restrict imports.

In third place was Hong Kong, with just over a billion cigarettes. Part of these are redLstri-buted throughout the Par East, perhaps with some .sent into Red China. The total exports to all countries was 15,308,000,(HK),

One big reason for the rise is the increase in American tour-ist-s abroad. They can frequently buy U.S. ciagrettes cheaper at home. A second big rea.son is the rise in prosperity in many counLries.