PAGE FOURfHE DAILY REFLECTOR. GREENVILLE, N. C

Wednesday, Ntrvember 11, 1959

:^ednesday, Kovember 11, 1959

Not Just Being Stubborn

Logical Item For Congress In 60

Whether youre talking of the still unresolved As a natural result, costs and prices keep rising. *:^teel dispute or the rumblings of a threatened railroad It has reached gy^ich a point that one can name a great strike, the fact remains that each individual American number of products Americans today can buy from is directly concerned over his own stake in the matter, foreign lands at a lower cost than is possible if Ameri-Its no longer an allignment of individual steel can-made.

Theres a limit as to how far the country can allow

magnates versus the downtrodden working man; it isnt a case of tycoon versus union. Three days it|s a isnt a case of tycoon versus union. These days its a matter of national welfare . . . impinging on the lives of each private citizen . . . that comes to the fore.

When David J. McDonald, president of the steelworkers union, called his workers out on strike he was not fighting the conditions set by an individual firm but of an entire industry. That industry, in turn, is actuallv owned by many thousands of .stockholders. Likewise, that inilustry (railroads, coal mines, the automobile manufacturers, the petroleum industry)

tfie trend of pricing ourselves out of markets at home and abroad to continue. The constantly rising costs of production are manmade; theres no getting away from it The question remains what to do?

We cant turn the clock back, but Congress has its work cut out for it in 1960.

Some kind of deterrent to industry-wide strikes has long appeared to us as one logical and necessary step in labor legislation. Certainly the public is entitled

automobile manuiacturers, me ptiioieum inausiry; measure of protection from monopolistic practices; .serves the entire nation. And when they are crippled certainly the country at large is entitled to protection the nation is crippled. In essence, therefore, there are j^om elements of economic self-destruction now in the

areas in which an industry-wide strike is damaging to America as a whole.

And for what?

Well, despite the fact American working people <,are the highest paid in the world, there is a seeming necessity among union leadership to press constantly for more, more, more and more.

Busiest Year Of Court Activity

air.

By LYNN NISBET

COURTS The General Assembly did not abandon its efforts at remodeling the court system of North Carolina until about two weeks before end of the fiscal year. But for more than a year, including nearly five months in the legislative committees, the condition of the courts was fully debat-ed.

Although advocates of court reform failed to accomplish their legislative objective, apparently the public discussion the problem occasioned sub-etantial improvement. Superior court judges worked more days and disposed of more cases during the period from July 1, 1958, through June 30, 1959, than in any previous year. Clean - up activities among Justices of the Peace, especially in Columbus and Wake counties, was made easier by the public display of the general inefficiency of these courts.

In connection with his annual report Bert M. Montague, administrative assistant to the Chief Justice, notes that the past year was the busiest in history, that each superior court judge spent an average of ten days more on the bench and disposed of 97 more cases. The number of pending cases was reduced 10 per cent, leaving the smallest caseload in years.

The criminal dockets are current throughout the state. Despite an increase of nearly 7 per cent in new cases filed, the pending caseload was reduced 16 per cent. The civil dockets show Improvement, but continue to present a challenge. The civil caseload was reduced only 8 per 'cent. However, there were 47 counties in which more civil cases were pending at end of the year than were disposed of during the year. In a majority of these counties the available courts were not used to fullest extent.

FAULT Montagues report indicates that a large part of the blame'' for overcrowded court dockets cannot be attributed to the system. It is due to failure of judges and lawyers to make full use of facilities at hand. It is apparent, he say.s, that the serious congestion in the civil dockets reported from many jurisdictions does not exist in the superior courts of North Carolina; and that delay in the trial of cases which does exist here does not generally appear to result from the lack of opportunity for trial.

Breakdown of data by Jls-tricts and counties shows wide difference in utilization of available courts, and in attitude of court officers and lawyers to the clean-up problem. The counties with the largest accumulation.^ cf civil cases are not nece.ssar-ily the ones which create the greatest problem.!. The big counties are in better shape, percentage wLse, than many of the small units. Wake county (10th dustrict), for example, disposed of 1.307 cases and had 448 pend

ing at end of the year. New Hanover disposed of 766 and had 404 left unsettled.

On the other end of the line, the fourth dLstrict i embracing Duplin, Jones, Onslow and Sampson counties), disposed of 537 cases and had 1,053 hanging over at years end. Bad as that looks, it was 26 cases less than were on hand at the start. This district utilized le.ss than two - thirds of the court days which had been allotted.

Inescapable conclusion from analysis of the Montague report 1? that while numerically there are fewer cases filed and tried in the small counties, a high percentage of the much publicized congestion in civil dockets occurs in small rural counties, mostly in the east.

The pattern of criminal cases populated widespread solicitor-ial districts and in two or three big cities.

ORGANIZATION Regardless of how the blame for court failure is rationed between a faulty system and failure of the officers to use available courts, there can be no doubt that the archaic system of courts needs revision.

Montague prefaces his report with a listing of 1400 or more separate courts in North Carolina, many with concurrent or overlapping jurisdiction.

There Is the Supreme Court, or appellate division, with a chief justice and six associate justices. There are 100 Superior Coiu-ts (one in every county) presided over by 32 regular judges, four special judges and four emergency judges, plus a clerk in every county with some judicial powers. There are general county courts in five counties, with varying civil juridcit-tion and criminal jurisdiction for all offenses below the grade of felony. There are six county-wide domestic relations courts, with varying jurisdiction. And each of the 100 counties has a juvenile court, over which the clerk of Superior court presides where there is not a domestic relations judge.

There are 60 county recorders courts, 57 municipal and township recorders courts, and nine county criminal courts with varying jurisdictionbasically up to $500-$l,000 civil and up to felony criminal cases. Somewhere between 900 and 1.000 justice of peace courts actively operate, w'ith criminal jurisdiction over minor misdemeanors and civil actions involving not more than $200 on contract, $50 on open tort actions. Add to all this list 145 mayor courts and eight special police courts with criminal jur-iscfiotion comparable to JRs.

As a finale. Montague whimsically comments that there are four or five other varieties of local courts which are not shown because of their small numberbut some of them have civil jurisdiction up to $5,noo and the right to grant divorces.

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Labor unions do not gain by in.sisting on conditions that reduce individual productivity or otherwise in crease costs. Everybody loses.

Morally Obligated To Meet New Minimum

Although the state was not specifically covered by the minimum wage law passed by the 1959 General Assembly, it is clear that the state is morally obligated to abide by the minimum wage if it is to force other employers covered by the statute to do so.

Apparently only a small minority of state employees are now receiving less than the 75 cents per hour that will become the legal floor for wages of most people employed in North Carolina. This group of workers, although it may be small in number, need the extra few cents per hour the minimum wage may mean to them. And after all, the big reason for legis- Pv HENRY HOWARD lators voting for the minimum wage was in order to afford more income for those at the bottom of the economic ladder in the state.

If the state is unwilling to pay the legal minimum wage even to a few of its employees, how can it justify the demand that individual employers of the state pay at least the minimum wage to all their employees?

'RsS'MaNNIN!

What Is A Teacher?

Certainly there should be a careful review of the

(The follow'ing is an excerpt from a teacher description written for a national magazine, the Spotlight, by a mother recently, It came to the attention

terest in what the youngsters are doing. A visit during the current opportunity would consume a small portion of val

uable time, and would very likely be a greater joy and inspiration than many might think.

D

roreign hoiicy Chances Notec.

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) Secretary of State John Foster Dulles died 170 days ago. In less than six months American foreign policy has undergone a kind of convulsion.

Dulles was rigid, Elsenhower foreign policy he made President Eisenhower look like a secondary figure in this branch of government. Now Elsenhower dominates it and Dulles successor, Christian A. Herter, looks secondary.

Dulles and rigid. Eisenhower seems more receptive to give and take, Dulles was almost Jovian in his thunderous threats. Elsenhower talks softer, t Stiff-arm communism by ringing with bases. That was the basic policy laid down by President Truman and Secretary of State Dean Acheson. It was followed out the window by Dulles.

It still is basic American policy.

But there has been a change in the way this policy is handled. Eisenhower appears more willing to consider the notion that perhaps containment is not the only course in dealing with the Soviet Union.

But this change itself Is the product of two profound changes:

1. The Truman-Acheson policy was created to stop the mad-dog tactics of Stalin who pushed and probed for weaknesses. For example; The Korean War.

The Soviet Union under Premier Nikita Khrushchev has become infinitely more dangerous, potentially, than under Stalin but now it is far less reckless and militarily aggressive.

2. Truman and Acheson and even Dulles for a brief period could rely on the containment program bombers with atomic weapons in the period while the U.S.S.R. was still trying to develop that means of destruction.

Containment became le.ss a sure bet as the Soviet Union produced not only the same

weapon.s as America but pushed ahead with missiles to a degree which startled the world.

So as the time Dulles died the Communist world around which he sought to keep a fence of bombers had changed in both its tactics and its strength.

Dulles was the most active of all secr.etaxies. In time historians like some of Dulles contemporariesmay wonder w^hether his amazing activity was not sometimes a substitute for thinking.

What was true in Dulles time Is stiU true now: there is a lack of initiative in foreign policy and dealing with the Soviets. The Dulles-Eisenhower actions have been pretty much reactions to Soviet actions.

A whole series of recent and upcoming events Khrushchevs visit here, Eisenhowers promised trip to Moscow, the summit conference next year all had their origin in Soviet, not American initiative.

Khrushchev last November demanded the Allies get their troops out of West Berlin. The Allies were forced to face an unpleasant fact they hadnt been compelled to look at until the Soviets got truly sti'ong.

They were in a bad spot if they had to defend Berlin. 10 miles inside Communist East Germany. Even Elsenhower admitted at a news conference it w'ould be practically impossible to match the Soviets with ground troops.

Therefore, unless some peaceful settlement could be found, any .show of Soviet force to push the Allies out would have to be endured or else met by aerial retaliation. That might mean another war.

No w'onder the Allies were willing to make concessions on Berlin, A desire to reach some peaceful understanding with Klirushchev, w'ho instigated the rumpus, was one of the reasons for inviting him here. Evei^-thing which followed stemmed Irom that.

in the current American Education Week program.)

What is a teacher

A teacher is a godmother in a navy blue crepe dress, wearing glasses and with a red-lead pencil in her hair. She is the guardian angel of the six-year-old, during his tears as he leaves his mother for the first time, just as she dries the tears of the teenager whose mother doesnt understand her.

She is a banker to the grade-school child who lost his lunch money on the playground before school, but w^isely denies a request for a loan from the sophomore all set to see a movie after school without his parents blessing.

She Is a great statesman, a diplomat, as she listens tactfully to the parent reluctant to accept any credit for his delin-Quint child and wonders who got HIS child into trouble!

A teacher is a great athlete as she referees the games and sometimes plays right field or catches flies. She is a disciplinarian fully expected to make polite ladies and gentlemen of the little cherubs entrusted to her care, knowing all the while that their paretits just hadnt the heart to give them the pat on the backlow downwhich they so badly needed.

A teacher Is a quasi-dictor who weighs and measures children, takes temperatures, gives aspirin, bandages cuts, even sometimes washes faces and ties shoes for little boys and hair-ribbons for the little girls. She ministers to the physical hurts of the little child and puts salve on the emotional w'ounds of the grown-ups the high schoolers.

. and on top of all this,

a teacher teaches!

.stateVs pay cale for its lo\vest paid employees between TtoeYy FNltr^rC

BOW and Jariuary 1 when the new minimum law be- m the current American Educa- W ..0 JLQllOrS OQVlliQ comes effective. If the state is paying some of its em- > J. ^

ployees below the new minimum vtage, the situation should be rectified. It would indeed be a poor show of good faith if the state were unwilling to do for even a small percentage of its employees what it will require other employers operating in North Carolina to do for their employees.

\Iaking It Difficult?

During this week, dubbed A E W (American Education Week*, parents would be spending time well to visit some of the local schools.

The usual invitations have been extended by all the schools to attend open house, or some special program.

Perhap.s, many persons are rware of, and greatly appreciate the wholesale welcome.

Twould be nice if more parents would take a greater in-

(Washington Daily News)

Is college work becoming so difficult that many boys and girls cannot hope to gain a higher education?

That question is worrying a great many people these days. And it IS only right that it should worry them. Particularly here in North Carolina we cught to be worried.

'The sad aspect of the story is that far too few high schools in our state are preparing our boys and girls for the rigorous college curricula that they must tackle in later years after high school graduation.

There Is no more pitiful person in the world than an educated fool. A boy or a girl might make all As in college and still be a moron when it comes to practical common sense. But it seems that our colleges, while making an effort to induce well rounded students to enroll, are actually in many cases contributing to this so-called educated fool society.

In no way do we say here that because a boy or a girl might be an A student Is he or she necessarily an educated fool. That is certainly not the case, we do say that far too many average students are finding the college curricula too difficult to pass their work requirements.

The real trouble Is this. There just arent enough colleges to take care of all the students wishing to enroll. As a result, colleges seem to be hepped on the sipbject of standards. Raise standards, they say, and well eliminate the weak brothers and sisters. And that is exactly what is happening.

There used to be a time when colleges had public relations directors Who went around to the high schools in an effort to en- , courage seniors to think about enrolling in this or that college. That day has long since passed. And it seems almost as if a fad had hit us. Instead of telling seniors about the glories of dear old Siwash college. the personnel of so many colleges are saying dont come here unless you have made up your mind that you can pass, or your high school grades are

too low for entrance here.

It is almost a sad commentary on everyday living. There are far more average students in America today than there are students who belong to the genius type. Yet the appeal Is being made to the genius and the average student is being by-passed too often and with tragic results at times.

High schools in North Carolina certainly know that college curricula are most difficult for the students. Yet, high schools throughout our state continue to pay too little stress to English as a subject. Few high school students graduating today can write a theme with the correct punctuation, correct spelling, and correct sentence structure which would merit a passing grade in college.

It Is a sad awakening our boys and girls are having when they reach college. It is because so many become quick ly disillusioned and even reach the point where they develop defeatist personalities.

Privately endowed colleges and universities are catering more to the smart students than are the state-owned institutions. But even in state operated colleges and universities the trend Is toward catering to the smart ones and eliminating the weaker students.

If the present trend continues, there Is a good possibility that within the space of a few years, it will be impossible for the average student to find a college where he can attend. It is our contention that the average students deserve greater consideration today than they are getting.

An educated society made up only of those above the master educational opportunities at the highest level will ultimately create a society composed of two classesthe educated intel-ligencia, and the uneducated masses. There will be no middle class, and America will have moved far away from the concept that education belongs to every boy and girl- This is a serious matter in our country and state today. And it deserves the best thinking we can give it.

iime

Of The

Blues

By HAL BOYLE NEW YORK (AP) - Sidewall scrawls of a Pavement Platoi Americas most common ailmeni today isnt the common cold. Its the bluesthe 20th century blues.

There are certain periods of history more given to melancholy than others, and this is one oi them. R

How often do you hear people complain. Ive got the blues. or Im dow'n in the dumps? The only ones who dont are hermits. Hermits often are the happiest people in civilization because they are out of it. They escape its spiritual malaise.

Why should this generation be particularly cursed with that periodical darkness of the spirit, that aching mental void, that heart-tearing emptiness of the soul we know colloquially as the blues?

Is it merely the reflective shadow of the threat of atomio annihilation that hangs over us all?

This could be the answei' except for one fact^man is usually least melancholy when his days are most perilous. Ironically, he is less given to sadness when he is in danger than when he Is at his ease,

Man has never been more comfortable, more free of privation, than is the present generation o f Americans, W e arent worn out with work. Were worn out from the pursuit of pleasure and trying too hard to enjoy ourselves.

Chasing joy is in many ways our leading industry. As a child, when it has played too hard, suddenly breakis out in tears, so are grownups overcome by the melancholy that comes from seeking too ardently the false rainbow of cheap delights and self-indulgence.

Wise old Samuel Johnson gave one prescription nearly 200 years ago; Employment, sir. and hardships, prevent melancholy. Of course, melancholy isnt altogether an unhealthy thing. An old English proverb says, He Is a fool that is not melancholy once a day. Victor Hugo observed; Melancholy is the pleasure of beiM sad.

Melancholy also separates ths men from the women.

If there is hell upon earth it is to be found in a melancholy mans heart, wrote Robert Burton.

You will note he said nothing about a womans heart. A woman is too intelligent to be long overborae by melancholy. She is too much of a fighter. She sheds a few tears, takes a nap, trips to the nearest store, buys herself a new hat or girdle, and comes home feeling fine again.

Women have a wonderful ability to lift their own spirits in small ways, and to change themselves from Cassandras to Cin-derellas in three hours.

Men dont. They lack this In-tenial lever of the spirit to pry their soul from black despair. They mope longer because, unlike women, they dont have tha common sense to do something about it immediately. They sit in a pool of melancholy and refuse to move.

S Opinions In Brief

Talk about puttig 200,000 pounds into orbit must seem awfully ambitious to officials of the Vanguard project, New Orleans States and Item.

Every hunter knows the rules of safety as every motorist knows the rules of the highway, but accidents happen with gims as well as with automobiles. Ninety-nine times out of 100 hunting accidents are caused by carelessness, A caudinal rule of the hunter is to never carry a loaded gun in the oar.Jefferson (Ohio) Oaeeite.

As the public interert Is hmrt more and more by mch long-drawn out labor disputes, the over-riding public rl^t to Industrial peace will have to take precedence and a way found to prevent such dlstruptions of the economy without undue trespass on the rights of workers. Beaver Falls (Pa.) Newe-Trl-bune.

Once you had to act to be an actor. Now you have to be fast on the draw. Orewfordvllle (Ga.) Advocate-Democrat.

hliah

Brices

ure Outside Meat

Strength For Today

UNDERSTANDING SPIRITUAL THINGS By EARL L. DOUGLASS Jiustin Martyr, a famous figure ill Christian chuich history, who lived and worked about the middle of the first century, has left us this helpful and penetrating .statement, Without God, God cannot be knkown. Can we not pick up the Bible and read about God and understand w'hat the Bible teaches about Him? No. All the worlds wisdom will not enable us to understand. In fact, we can be sure that no matter how broad our knowledge or how deep our understanding, we shall not be able to understand adequately anything we read in the Bible unless God gives us the

pift of understanding. The Bible Is not like other books. This is demonstrated in many ways, but in none more clearly than in the complete unwillingness of the Bible to yield the secret of its message to anyone who fails to meet its spiritual requirements.

But this is neither a hard doctrine nor a hopeless one. Any man who desires to understand the Bible can do so, provided he meets the requirements for understanding spii-ltual truth. Regarding secular knowledge, we accept it when we understand it But in the field of the spiritual, we never under.vtand a truth until we accept it. It doesn't iccm to make sense, but it does. a

By EL.MER ROE.SSNER

The high price of meat in the United States Is tempting Ails-ti-alia and New Zealand producers. The attraction Is so great that New Zealand Is considering sending meat to America by air. A bill now before the New Zealand Parliament would empower the Meat Froducer.s Board to control negotiations for the export of meat by air. It already controls export by sea.

The plan Is not as reckle.s.s as it sounds.

Air transport operators have calculated that Canadair C-144 turboprops could carry 32 - ton cargoes from Auckland to Los Angeles for 3.69 cents per ton mile, if they could get return loads equal to at least 60 per cent of the planes capacity.

That, of course, would be difficult. New Zealand imports only a limited amount of American goods and most of the total move.s by sea. However, a rise in meat sales ia the United

States

more

here.

would give the country dollars lor purchases

12 CENTS A POUND

If return cargoes ? could be found, the cost of air shipment would be about 12 cents a pound, or three time.*? the sea rate.

This would still allow Down Under producers to compete handsomely in American markets. New Zealand lamb i.s not very popular at present, because most of it is frozen and American buyers do not find it acceptable. Some lamb has been sent over chilled, but a boat trip takes about 20 days and thats about the maximum time chilled lamb is attractive.

BEEF FROM AUSTRALIA

Meanwhile. Australias export of beefwhich ships much better than lamb is increasing. Shipments by sea to the United State.*? and Canada during October and November will total 12.-801,000 pounds. The Northumb

erland was scheduled to have left last week with 4,300,000 pounds. It will arrive in time for the annual holiday rise in meat consumption.

Not all of the Australian beef is of top quality. Some has been cutter quality, suitable only fur sausages and canning or cheaper grades of chopped meat. Some Is reported to have been buffalo, but the Aiustralian buffalo is related to the water buffalo and not the American bison.

Previoasly, vellos.....

AUSTRALIA DEVELOPS A GOLDEN FLEECE

And .speaking of Australia, re.searchers there are df'velop-ing a .sheep with a lustrous, yellow fleece. The golden fleece sheep, as they are called, are mutants of pure-bred Mer-ino.s.

The lambs fleece is bright yellow .and very .straight. Tlie mature fleeec Is also very Iu.s-U'ous. The Xibei's ara quite lights

about half the weight of ordliw

ary wool fibers. The wool felU rapidly and may be useful in felt hats.

Experiments in breeding the mutants and developing use for the fleece are being conducted at laboratories at Prospect, Australia.

Previously, yellow - cqlored sheep were regarded as freak and culled out as lambsihat Is, used for meat.

MILLION ALUMINUM TREES MADE FOR CHRISTMAS

This will be an aluminum tree year, the aluminum industry hopes.

Aluminum Christmas tree have appeai-ed on the market in limited quantities in the past few years. But this year they are in quantity production and more than l.OOO.tKM) will be made. They are fierproof. reusable. and tlic bright aluminum creates brilliant effects when lighted.

I