PAGE FOUITHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Tuesday, September 29, 1959

Tuesday, September 29, 1959

Public In The Middle Hurt Most

In the 11-week-old nation-wide steel strike, as in most disputes of that sort, the public and the little men involved are suffering more and more each day the deadlock continues.

And with each passing week more and more people across the country feel the pinch with the work stoppage in the nations biggest and most basic industry. More plants which depend on steel are having to close down because their stockpile of material has been exhausted. Transportation is being hurt because there are less finished products to be shipped to distributors and customers.

As more and more people are temporarily laid off because of the steel strike the impact tends to mushroom throughout the economy. When a new plant is hit by the impact of the strike, the grocer, the retail merchants and the other businessmen of the community as well as the plant employees themselves suffer.

The steel strike has now gone far beyond the matter of a dispute between the major steel companies and the labor leaders who represe it those who work in the steel mills. It created a national problem that is rapidly reaching emergency proportions. The longer it continues, the more serious it will become not only for those directly involved in the dispute, but also for the innocent public which sits on the sidelines and

sufers because of the strike.

While we areo of the opinion the government should remain out of such matter under normal circumstances, the steel strike has created a situation nationally which is far from normal. Even if the President continues to be reluctant to end the strike with an 80-day cooling off and fact finding period as he is empowered to do, certainly some high official should assume the responsibility of speaking up for the public which finds itself caught in the middle by the strike. Steel company officials and powerful labor leaders should show some recognition of the)r responsibility to the public interest a& well as their responsibility to the interests which their positions represent.

As is usually the case in situations of this kind, the public which is made to suffer lacks an effective spokesman that it should hav^. The public interest has been relegated to a position of secondary importance so far as the principals in the dispute are concerned.

You Cant Get Wat*

_ A -1F yoOR HO$e DOESN'T FIT THE PUUfi /

i#""'

NU^tas Visit Poses

Challenge To Analysts

r

7he 'Machine

Not So Reliable

With Premier Khrushchev back in Russia after his American tour, experts and laymen alike will spend the next days and weeks evaluating the impact of Khrushchev on Americans and Americans on Khrushchev.

For all the conclusions that might be drawn from the various events of the visit, it h probably safe to say that Mr. Khrushchev failed to sway the American people to the Kremlin way of thinking and the Ameri-

By LYNN NISBET

UNCERTAIN -- The nomination and election of Bickctt for Governor in 1916 fulfilled the tentative agreement made at the Charlotte convention in 1908 parceling out the gubernatorial nomination. The controlling influence of the Simmons organization in tiiree elections encouraged belief that the machine could continue to pick winner far in advance. The then dominant group picked Cameron Morrison for Governor in 1920. He was challenged by Robert N. Page, former congressman and member of a powerful bank-ing-railroad-textile interest family; and also by a young upstart named Max Gardner, who had gotten himself elected Lieutenant Govemcwr with Bickett four years earlier. The first primary eliminated Page, and gave Morrison a lead of only 87 votes over Gardner. In the run-off .Morrison won by more than 9,-000.

It is interesting to note that the total vote in the first primary for all three candidates was 128.-233, while in the second primary the total for two candidates was 131, 405. Women could not vote in the primary, but woman suffrage became effective before November, so that while only 131,405 ballots were cast in the Democratic primary. Morrison as the Democratic nominee got 308,151 votes in the general election. to 230,175 for his Republican opponent. John J. Parker.

The "machine candidate won In the 1^ primary, but by such narrow margin as to prove that the advance selection was uncertain. Charges were openly made then, as in many elections since, but not proven, that manipulation of vote counting in a few precincts rather than intent of the voters, determined the result. Not so much the final result, as to who was leader in the first primary. The same thing happened again in 1936.

SCARED The closeness of the 1920 vote scared the leaders of the organization and forced reconsideration of alignments. J. W. Bi.lley, who had been a wheelhorse in the Simmons group, broke with it and showed signs of openly challenging it at the polls. W.N. Everett, secretary of state, thought he would be the organization candidate for Governor in 1924. He was sidetracked in favor of A.W. McLean, who who won the nomination over Bailey by a vote of 151,197 to 83.-573.

Then came the crucial history-making campaign of 1928, remembered as the A1 Smith year. The Simmons forces were concerned more with defeating A1 Smith for the Democratic presidential nomination than anything else. Max Gardner, who had scared the organization so badly eight years before, was looming again as a gubernatorial candidate. The organization accepted him and he was certified

as the Democratic nominee for Governor with oppositionthe only time in this century such a thing happened.

There is no point in reviewing here the 1928 campaign. Deflection of Senator Simmons and such of his organization as had not disintegrated, gave the North Carolina electoral vote to the Republican candidate for President, only time since 1876. Gardner was elected as the Democratic Governor, but by the narrow margin of less than 56 per cent of the total vote.

Two years after J. W. Bailey, who had been defeated for Governor in 1924 by the Simmons organization, unseated Simmons and took over his place in the Senate. Bailey never manifested any desire to build a pplitical machine. Meantime. Gardner was showing evidence of organization leadership. When Senator Overman died in December of 1930, Governor Gardner appointed in his place Cameron Morrison, the man who had beaten him for Governor in 1920. But Gardner could not get his man by the 1932 primary, and Robert R. Reynolds took over the seat in the Senate.

NEW DEAL The 1932 senatorial election took a back seat for the Governors race that year with J.CB. Ehringhaus, Allen J. Maxwell and Richard T. (Dick) Fountain as contenders. It w'as the first time since 1900 that Simmons had not been around to help direct activities. Ehringhaus was a relative newcomer on the state scene, although he had made a reputation as a campajigner for the Democratic ticket against odds in 1928. Fountain had been Speaker of the House of Representatives and Lieutenant Governor. Maxwell had been prominent in Stats government since youthful participation in the white supremacy campaigns at turn of the century. His rather loose Identi-flcaUon with the former dominant Simmons group did him no good in 1932. He ran third in the first primiiry. Ehringhaus led, with Fountain a fairly poor second. Fountain called for a run-off, and in the final weeks was so vigorous in attack of the Gardner regime that the retiring Governor and his friends threw all their support to Ehringhaus and nominated him.

From that time until his death in 1947 Max Gardner was recognized as the most powerful single individual in North Carolina politics. As a son-in-law of Judge James L. Webb, and brother-in-law of Clyde Hoey, he made up the triumvirate that came to be known as the Shelby dynasty, which was credited with high potency in influencing elections over a long period. The Important fact to keep in mind is that while this group usually got their men elected, it was never by preponderant marginor

any assurance before hand of success.

can people failed to sway Mr. Khrushchev.

Each knows more about the other now, but that doesnt mean they are any closer to agreement on the conflicting ideologies which separate them. Khrushchev still believes that Communism will eventually win the struggle for world domination, and the Americans are still confident that the democratic way of government and capitalist free enterprise can withstand any assaults made upon them by Communism.

It is doubtful that Premier Khrushchev thought prior to his trip that he would win friends for Communism or influencie Americans in behalf of the Kremlin cause. Certainly he was better informed on the American peoples and their beliefs before his trip than to think anything of that sort could be accomplished. It is entirely possible, how^ever, that his trip confirmed for him w^hat he already knew of the American people, their love for freedom and their determination to exercise individual freedoms.

Whether these factors may have any secondary influence on the future course of Kremlin strategy or world events remains to be seen.

Khrushchevs visit to the United States has come to*a close, but interpretation by the experts of what the visit meant in terms of international relations wdll be forthcoming weeks and months from now as new events take shape in various parts of the globe.

By ALVIN TAYLOR

Well Add To Suraluses

Will we ever work out of this farm surplus jam which mystifies the Russians but causes a continual headache to the United States government.

Lots of observers of the farm scene think we will. They say that the nations rapidly expanding population will eventually consume the annual farm production and, indeed, create a shortage.

But one local farm observer is not so sure it will work out that way. He feels that the increase in yields will probably off-set the increased consumption. That should hold true at least for the lifetimes of Americans living today.

And, while there is a tremendous difference in the Eastern North Carolina and the mid-western yields, the potential is still far from reached.

It is possible that corn yields can be increased to perhaps 300 bushels per acre.

And so it goes, the yield per acre of almost all crops is moving continually upward and its apparently going to take a pow'er-ful lot of chomping by this and perhaps future generations to keep the agricultural surpluses down to reasonable sizes.

tour of West Russia construction sites as saying, The general impression I got was that Russian construction is where U.S. construction w'as in the 1920s.

Nobody Certain

What It Means

This farm observer, who did not care to be quoted by name, pointed out that corn yields, for instance, are continually increasing.

Whereas Pitt Countys yields aie about 32 bushels per acre, 11 the midwest the yields are more than 120 bushels per acre.

Nikita Khrushchev had a lot to say about how the Soviets will surpass the United States in various industries within a few

years.

But, says a release from Engineering News-Record, Soviet construction methods still lag decades behind the United States.

It quotes Jacob Feld, New York consulting engineer who recently completed a 1,250-mile

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By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) Nikita Khrushchev has finished his sensational and historic visit to the United States. What does it add up to? If you had to give the answer in one sentence, this would be it: I cant be sure. Reaction varies from skepticism to hope, mixed with wonder w'hether there's a gimmick in it, that he wants peace. One thing is sure. He didnt lose anything by his trip. He probably gained a lot.

So far as is known he didnt budge an inch on anything. Even that cant be said with certainty, since he implied that the full result of his talks with President Eisenhower wont be known for some time.

He tried to create an image of Khrushchev and the Soviet Union extremely anxious for peace. And no doubt he did In some areas of the world, at least.

If hes not sincere, then the obvious question must arise in tly; most hostile minds: why did he go to all this trouble? Thats an advantage he knew he would have when he undertook this trip in the first place. He never lost it.

He gave the impression of a man fed up with seeing the worlds leaders frozen in fixed positions, and determined at any cost to shove the world loose. Thats exactly the Impression he probably wanted to give.

Just because he created that Impression, he put the Western leaders on a psychological de-lensive. They will perhaps feel compelled somehow, In some way, to do something to match in the worlds eye Khrushchevs show of good intentions.

He demonstrated, to any one with a lingering contempt for the Soviets after the Sputniks and the moonshot, that both he and the U.S.S.R. must be treated as an equal. No one watching his energy, quick mind, and built-in strength could doubt it. He bragged, he was full of con-way past embarrassing questions, he was thin-skinned, and he never varied from basic Soviet dogma that communism is the best way of life.

peace. It makes his talk of peace But by this trip, by his down-to-earth performance, his hustle, bustle. his busybody poking around, his lack of bombast, hts catch-as-catch-can willingness to take on all comers in a street-corner argument, he may have created a new era In international and diplomatic relations.

Other people who have watched Khrushchev here will feel hke telling Ihelr own state.imen cume off it if they get stuffy, particularly if they get siulfy and dont get thing.s done.

It will take a long time ~ perhaps some summit meetings and certainly a number of meetings of foreiirn minister.? -- to show whether Khrushchevs whole uip

was phony or whether he really wants peace.

The concessions the Soviets make in the future or dont makewUl tell the story.

But he crowned his almost incredible 12 days here with the truly incredible. Sunday night for almost an hour the head of world communism came into millions of American homes via television, lecturing on the beauties and goals of communism.

Ironically, for many Americans W'ho had a strong distaste for tradictions, he tried to bully his communism but only a vague knowledge of it, this lecture was probably the first time in their lives they heard it explained A-B-C, even if it was one-sided.

This hours lecture, following another hour of questions and an-. swers on TV. took gall and imagination. It showed how much American attitudes have changed in live years. Such a performance would have been unthinkable in 1954 when America was in the midst of the McCarthy era of hysterical anti-communism.

If you are skeptical about Khrushchev, then the net result of his trip has been suspicion. If you want to credit him with goodwillin the sense, at least, of wanting peace in the world-then much he has done so far makes .^e'se.

To prepare the world for the Idea that the Soviet Union did want peace. Khrushchev first had to destroy the horror-image of communism built up by Stalin. Kliru.shchev has done that in a sound more plausible.

Since war. particularly hydrogen bomb war. could wipe out everything and probably wipe out capitalism, too, it would be logical to try to remove the possibility of war. This is what KiirushC'iev preaches.

The one thing Karl Marx didnt visualize was the hydrogen bomb and the fact it can wipe out whole nations, including Communist ones. This alone would cause a switch in Communist tactics. Khrushchev has switched tactics.

number of ways: by denouncing Stalin, de-emphasizing the role of the secret police, making Soviet society more open.

Then he set out on his seven-year plan to give Soviets a higher living standard and try to overtake the United States. This requires effort and it requires bushels per alie.

Other Editors Saying... Now Terror Is Error

(Greensboro News)

Following a four-month visit in the Soviet Union. Harrison Salisbury. the New York Times correspondent, confli-ms reports that Khrushchevs Russia has thrown away Stalins old weapons of terror.

Political prisoners have just about disappeared. Concentration camps have been closed. The Russian people no longer fear conversing with foreigners. Khrushchevs political enemies may get banished to lesser jobs, but they are not losing their lives anymore.

What does this mean?

It could mean a great deal in the iinfoldir? picture of Kremlin Strategy. Khrushchev announced the changes following his emo-tio:ial speech to the Soviet Party Congress several years ago in w hich he castigated Stalins strategy of terror. Khrushchev said siad there had been violations of Soviet legality in the past, but they would not be tolerated in the future.

He has stuck to this promise-least inside the Soviet Union. What happened in Hungary is another story.) The dreaded secret police. Mr. Salisbury reports, has been sharply downgraded. The New York Times correspondent gives example after example of the new freedom in Russia. Ironically, it has brought on new waves of juvenile delinquency in the larger Soviet cities, open prostitution and black-marke leering.

Why has Khrushchev eected to follow this new course? For one thing the old 'orrorism . as highly unpopular. Klirushchev recog

nized that as Stalins successor he might not have Stalins power to perpetuate it. His power rested on the consent of a governing committee; it was wiser , perhaps, to outlaw terror as a tactic in order to enhance his own popularity with the people and discredit his competitors if they tried to reinstate it.

Ooinions

''n Brief

If one judges by results. Mr. Khrushchev has been successful in this new policy. Most American visitors to Russia report that the people seem to have a genuine regard and affection for the Soviet premier. He has outmaneuvered all those ambitious associates who sought to dislodge him from the pinnacle of power.

The rise of a new managerial class in the Soviet Union may also account for the banishment of terror. Khrushchev carefully keeps this managerial class under the partys thumb. But it is growing in size and influence. It demands orderliness and a change to develop Soviet resources, not only military but also civilian.

Premier Khrushchev is the same old butcher underneath. But new forces are rising in Russia to soft-pedal the old excesses. The Soviet Union will be no lesser competitor as a result. But it could become more orderly and less revolutionary in its approach.

This, indeed, could become one of the important bridges between East and West. It could encourage reports . as Premier Khrushchev and President Eisenhower end their momentous conferences.

It is again being urged that the United States adopt the system of grams and liters, instead of ounces and quarts. Cooks, of course, will be allowed to retain the present units of pinches, dabs and quite-a-bits.Asheville Citizen-Times.

We have always want''^ to vote for the man of our choice, but we have almost given up hope that hell ever become a candidate.Cincinnati Enquirer.

Another thing about a small town is that a fellow doesnt have to explain a black eye. Everybody knows. Soarks (Ga.) Eagle.

Broken

;Recorc.

ineme

The Soviets have launched many impressive housing projects, but there is an impressive scarcity of working labor and construction is slow.

Probably was apparently slipshod; joints and edges were ragged. Concrete quality was poor, too, I didnt see any ready-mixed concrete during the entire trip.

Modem Soviet highway construction was notable for its absence, Feld reported.

There just wasnt much pavement; cobbles were commonplace. Often highway pavement was crudely jointed and poorly aligned, he said.

And even major highways are only lightly travelled. A main route near Novgorad, comparable to U.S. highway 1 on the East Coast, carried, by Felds actual count, only 50 vehicles per hour both ways, the article said.

By HAL BOYLE .......

NEW YORK (AP) ~ Remarks teen-agers get Ured of hearing or overhearing;

At your age George Washington was already lighting Indians.

Stand up straight, Rodney. Do you want to look like a man or a pretzel?

But Susie, you cant go steady with him. Hes too old for you. Why, hes in his last year in high school.

I never had to ask my folks for money. I went out and earned it myself.

No, you can't have the car to-night-or any other night for that matter.

If you play just one more rock n' roll tune. Ill break every record in the house.

Where is this place called Endsville you children are always talking about?

In my day they didnt do homework over the telephone. Sit down, Rodney. I think its time you and your dad had a real man-to-man talk about this whole girl question."

Sure you can go to the moviesafter you cut the grass and do all the other things I told you to do this morning.

"Why cant kids today talk in ordinary English? It was a good enough language for Shakespeare.*

It isnt that you dont look cute in blue jeans, Susie, but is there any law that says a girl cant wear a dress, too, now and then?

Does Susie really call that a ^ haircut? It looks as if it had been gnawed by mice.

Is that Susies new boy friend in the living room? Whats he doing. getting ready to enter a Halloween contest?

No wonder theyve got pimples. All they eat is cheeseburgers and malted milks.

Youll find it easier to read, Susie, if you sit up in the chair and put your head where your feet are now.

No, you dont have to walk those three long blocks to the drug store. You can run or you fou can crawl.

Well, I never thought Id have a teen-age daughter whod have to ask her mother to thread the needle when she had to sew on a button.

Borrow my razor? Son. you sure you know which end to hold?

Look at that report card. You ought to have to go to the school of hard knocks, like I did. Certainly I could help you with your algebra. But right now Im too busy.

Strength

ror 10(dGv

Most of them were trucks, and the count was taken at mid-day, the highways busiest period.

Try living within your in-come and youll like without w'orries, as well as a lot of other things. Greenville (S. C.) Piedmont.

By EARL L. DOUGLASS PRESENT AND FUTURE It is a commonplace to say that we are all travelers on the river of time. Behind us, the past stretches upstream out of sight. At every moment the present flows by U6. Ahead, farther than we can see. stretches the future, emptying someday into the great sea of eternity.

Atwut the past we can do nothingexcei^ to learn from it. We cannot really do anything about the future, either; we can speculate about it or even plan for it, but we cannot actually do anything in the future. Doing is always in the present.

Tlie present is tne time for action. Many of us tend to sell out the present for the sake of the future. We work at a hard, dull routine for many years to bo able to enjoy our retirement. We put off doing things now so that we can do them better someday later on. Then how tragic it is to discover that after a life narrowly devoted to toil, we are so unit for anything except toil that we cannot enjoy our leisure-How Ironic it is to find that what we put off to do better later, with more time, we still have less time to do, and can no longer do it even as well.

Dont seU out the present for the future.

Inflation is the state of affairs when you never had it so good or parted with it so fast. Redfield (S.D.) Press.

Quote...

Political puzzle; Senators and congressmen say they are against inflation even when talking In favor of It,Memphis Press-Scimitar.

It is necessary ... to resort to all sorts of strategems, maneuvers, illegal methods, to evasion and subterfuge, only so as to get into trade unions, to remani in them and to carry on Communist work within them at all costs.Lenin.

Govmt In The Publishing Fielc.

GIVE

iheUNITEOw

A

By ELMER ROESSNER The Government Printing Office has announced its 10 best sellers. The all-time best Is Infant Care, a 106-page book selling for 15 centsa price that certainly has private Indu.stry licked.

The GPO describes the book; Ba.'cd on he experience cf many doctors, and designed to help parents understand their doctors advice, many p'case.s of infant care, such as feeding, clothing, sanitation, and others, are interi'stin^ily pre.sented In this much requested book.

Tlie otlu-r book.s on the be.st-seller list, together aith the patres, the number sold and the price, are'

Your Social Security, 39 pavrs. 124.196. 10 cent.*!.

Federal BcPffit.s Available to Veterans and Them Dependents,

42 pages, 28,877, 15 cents.

Starting and Managing a Small Business of Your Own, 49 pages, 24,673, 40 cents.

Starting and Managing a Small Business of Your Own, 49 pages. 24,673, 40 cents.

Future Jobs for High School girls, 64 pages, 15,419, 40 cents.

Space Handbook: Astronutica and Its Applications, 2.52 pages, 14,334 , 60 cents.

Wood Handbook, 528 pages, 10,465, $2.

Wood. . .Colors and Kind.?, 36 pages. 10,073, 50 cents,

U.S. Income and Output, 241 pages, 8.931, $1.50,

The Communist Party of the United States of America. What It Ls, How It works- A Handbook for Americans. 101 pages, 4,631. 30 cents.

The flcure.? mlcht seem to indicate Americans are more interes

ted in wood than in space; however, the two wood books were published in 1955 and 1956 while the space handbook was published this year.

The Wood Handbook covers almost all facets of the use of wood, including physical pfoper-tics, applications, grades, sizes, painting, fircproofing, etc.

The Space Handbook discusses such topics as space environment. trajectories, orbiti, rocket vehicles, propellants, space stations, extiaterrestrial bases, satellites. scienlilic space exploration, a-stronautics In the U.S.S R. and

The titles of the other books fairly well explain the contents,

While we have many popular publications among the 30,000 different titles sold by this office. these 10 books will undoubtedly find a place among the ma?t popular government publication

offered for public sale during this calendar year, said Carper W. Buckley, Superintendent of Documents.

WHEN IS AUTO ACCESSORY A RADIO PART?

Is a radio speaker located In the rear of an auto to be taxed as a radio and television component, as an auto part and accessory. or as boXh?

The Internal Revenue Service ha* Weighed the question and come up with the answer: they are radio parts, not auto accessories, and subject to the manufacturers tax on radio parts.

A television monitor which reproduced the picture but not the sound is not a television receiving set, the IRS said In another ruling. If that Is no sui> prise, this may be: It is therefore not subject to the manufacturer* tax.

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