Monday, September 28, 1959

Monday, September 28, 1959

Your Peace Plan Is Wonderful

United In Giving To United Fund

The United Fund of any community in order to be successful and fulfill its purposes most in a very real sense be a uniting of givers as well as a uniting of charity and service organizations that depend upon public support for funds with which to carr^' out their

^ ^This W'cek throughout Pitt County the 1959 fundraising campaign of the county-wide United Fund will begin. In every section of the county citizens will be called on for their pledges and contributions which will enable agencies of Pitt United to capy on their work during the coming year. Only if citizens of the county respond to this one annual united effort by many organizations will the campaign be successful.

Citizens of Pitt should keep in mind when they contribute to the Pitt County United Fund this year that they are not contributing to just one organization. In reality thev are contributing in cne gift or pledge to some 16 county-wide, state, and national servuce organizations in addition to numerous purely community charity and service organizations here in our

own county. _ . rt i j

Every dollar given to the Pitt County United rund

is divided between the American Red Cross, the Boy

Scouts, Girl Scouts, Pitt Mentai Health Association,

Basic Format'

Of N.C. Politics

By LYNN NISBET

FORMAT The basic format of politics in North Carolina has not changed much through the years. The folks today who bemoan and long for the good old times w^hen Governors and Senators were named months, sometimes years, in advance, just don't know political history. Except for the fact that since 1900 there has been no doubt that Democratic nominees would win elective State offices, there has never been assurance that any men or any clique or faction could hand-pick the officials in advance of popular elections.

North Carolinians admire, recognize and respect leadership. They detest, and will not tolerate, political bossism. Lets take a quickie review of campaigns as far back as most living voters have participated in them.

In a white supremacy and save the state campaign in 1900 Charles B. Aycock was elected Governor and carried a Democratic General Assembly, which early the next year elected Governor and carried a Democratic General Assembly, which early the next year elected Fumifold M. Simmons to the United States Senate, succeeding Marion Butler. Two years later another Democratic Legislature elected Lee S. Overman to the Senate, replacing Jeter C. Pritchard. last Repubican to sit in the Senate from North Carolina. Simmons was re-elected by the Legislature of 1907. after Aycock had been succeeded by Robert B. Glenn. Prior to 1915 party candidates for Governor were nominated in convention and elected by the people for four year terms, while United States Senators were elected by the General Assembly for six years. The last big nominating convention of the Democratic party was in Charlotte in 1908. It made history.

LEADERS There were giants on the scene. Time and space do not permit listing them. Aycock had been out of the Governors office for nearly four years. Glenn was on the way out. Overman was up for re-election. Simmons was well into his second six-year term, and was by reason of that circumstance, as well as because of his personal characteristics, sitting in the drivers seat. The convention deadlocked on nomination for Governor, with Locke Craig of Buncombe, William W. Witchin of Person, and Ashley Horne of Johnston as chief contenders. After weary hours of fruitless voting, the leaders worked out a compromise agreement. Give the 1908 nomination to Kitchin, promise the 1912 nomination to Craig, and the 1916 spot to a Horne man. (It was known that Horne would be too old himself.)

That was beginning of the unwritten rule that the governorship should rotate between east and west. The agreement was kept in 1908 and 1912 when nomination was by convention. It survived the first legalized pri

mary in 1916 with nomination of Thomas Walter Bickett of Franklin, who had made an eloquent nominating speech for Ashley Horne at Charlotte eight years before. Bickett was challenged by E.L. Daughtridge of Edgecombe, who was Craigs lieutenant governor and in many ways more acceptable to the Simmons forces than was Bickett.

Meantime the people were becoming resentful about a few folks assembled in convention picketing their nominees. They wanted a general popular-voting primary. So the Democratic party arranged for a sort of preferential primary in 1912, that would have no legally binding effect but would give the 1913 Legislature some ideas about who should be elected to the U.S. Senate. (That is almost the same procedure followed now with respect to county boards of educations.)

CONTEST Simmons was coming up for a third term in the Senate. Aycock, who had been cut of the Governors office for eight yeEu*s, was a candidate for the Senate. So was Kitchin, who was ending his tenure as Governor. Aycock dropped dead while making an education speech in Birmingham, Alabama, early in the spring. That might have changed the course of North Carolina history. Aycock would have been a much more formidable challenger of Simmons leadership than Kitchin proved to be. Anyw^ay, Simmons was re-nominated and elected by the 1913 liCglslature, and again in the primaries and elections of 1918 and 1924 without trouble. His failure to support A1 Smith for President in 1928 led to his defeated in 1930 by Joslah W. Bailey, which ended a 30-year tenure as the recognized leader, though never fully accepted boss, of the Democratic party in North Carolina.

Except for that 1930 contest between Simmons and Bailey, and the 1950 race between Frank Graham and Willis Smith, both of which came in years when the governorship was not at stake, the United States Senate seat has always taken second place to the contests for Governor. That was true of the Morrison-Reynolds race in 1932, and the Broughton-Um-stead bout in 1948, when the people were much more interested in who would be Governor than who would be Senator. In both instances the man serving in the Senate by appointment was ousted in favor of a man chosen by the people.

The 1932 and 1948 senatorial primaries are often cited as justification for the popular primary method of nominating candidate. over the convention system. There remains the real question of whether it is more democratic to have a few convention delegates nominate candidates from a wide field, or to restrict popular voting to choice among the few candidates who have paid a filing fee for the privilege of having their names printed on the ballots.

Pitt' Association for the Blind, Salvation Army, Pitt Association of Retarded Children and Carolinas United in addition to individual community service groups in each of the 15 townships of the county.

This years total budget of $107,000 for Pitt United is realistic and should be met by the people of the county during the campaign which begins this week. A major portion of the $69,000 budgeted for major county, state and national red feather organizations will be spent by these agencies right here in Pitt County. All of the approximately $24,000 budgeted for community service work in the 15 townships of the county will be spent here at home for the betterment of Pitt County and its people.

Through the work of the many agencies of the Pitt County United Fund every citizen of the county b(nefits either directly or indirectly. Without the services of these worthwhile organizations, Pitt would be a poor county indeed. And without the joint campaign efforts of these groups through the United Fund, citizens of the county would be called on many times rather than just one time for annual contributions to these organizations.

Through generous contributions once each year to the United Fund, Pitt citizens can assure that the service and charity needs of their county as a whole and their communities individually are met. They can ])e sure that the needs are met without the duplication of time, effort and money it takes to stage a successful fund-raising campaign.

In order to make Pitt a better county for all its citizens, The Reflector urges every citizen to contribute to the county-wide United Fund.

Other Sections Feel Shortage Of Nurses

A rather inconspicious article carried in many newspapers last week indicated that Eastern North Caroiiiiawhich in recent years has been suffering from a shortage of nursesis not the only section that needs more nurses.

The story that carried a New York dateline said that testimony before a New Vork board of inquiry showed that at least two infants and probably more in New' York hospitals have died because of the shortage of nurses.

What New York will do about its problem of an insufficient number of nurses remains to be seen.

In Eastern North Carolina, however, the outlook for the future has improved considerably since our legislature appropriated funds for a four-year state-supported school of nursing at East Carolina College.

It will take several years, of course, before the schoolscheduled to begin operation next September will provide a steady source of well trained nurses for this section of 4he state. In time, how'ever, the school of nursing at ECC probabiy will prove to be a valuable source of nurses not only for Eastern Carolina, but for other areas of the state as a whole.

At least it will help North Carolina stem the tide of a dwindling supply of nurses and enable the .state to adequately staff the many modern medical facilitie.s which have been built and are continuing to be built in every section.

Financially, An onorable Step

LET ME KNOW 400N A6 RUSSIA 1

TOTALLV ^ DISARMED M!b

t oreign

Bv HAL BOYLE

The Mails Inform Us

NEW YORK (AP)Things a columnist might never know if he didnt open his mail:

Civilization often can borrow an idea from the primitive past. For example, some ^ aboriginal Australian tribes had a rule requiring men to stay at least 50 yards away from their mother-in-law.

Were getting more literate all the time. America now has three million college students, and in 10 years the number will double.

New York City boats it has the finest fire department in the world. It needs the best because there are 1.000 fires a week here. Did you know careless smoking habits lead to more fire deaths than any other cause

The average woman has 75 per cent more body fat than the average man, despite the fact most fatheads you meet are male.

George Bernard Shaw once said, The only service a friend can really render is to keep up your courage by holding up to you a mirror in which you can

see a noble image of yourself. The United States now has 600,000 hit-and-run accidents a year, and in half of them the drivers go unpunished.

Incidentally, a survey by the USO showed that the Chi'istmas gifts most wanted by U.S. servicemen overseas were more family photographs, more mail from home and subscriptions to their home town newspapers.

Around 1907 the average man spent $33 a year on clothing and bought a new $10 suit annually. Now the average man wears more sports attire, buys a new suit only about every three years.

Apt definition: Alimony. says A1 Cooper, is just the high cost of leaving.

America now has enough surplus wheat to bake about 60 billion loaves of bread or nearly 25 for every person in the world.

What state leads the nation in lady politicians Its New Hamp-have no legally bind effect but would give the 1913 Legislature some ideas about who should be

Other Editors Saying... Another Gang Killing

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By RALPH ROBEY

How much of a problem does the United States Government face as a result of the failure of Congress to lift, or remove, the 4^4 percent ceiling on its obligations of five or more years maturity One answer is that the problem is serious enough to cause consideration of calling a special session of the Congress. But there is more to it than that.

When Secretary of the Treasury Anderson originally testified before the House Ways and Means Committee, he pointed out that since March 1942 there has been legal authority for offering bonds at a discount. That is, the Treasury legally can offer obligations with a 4i percent coupon at whatever price is necessary in order to meet current market interest rates. However. according to the Secretary, the Treasury has not thought it appropriate to get around the ceiling in this manner.

Time For Re-appraisal

Is the Treasury correct in taking this attitude, or is it being a bit stiff-necked What would be the effect of the United States offering obligations of more than five years maturity at a discount. Finall, should the ceiling be circumvented In thus manner, or would it be better to call back the Congress and try again to get the 44 percent limit lifted

A.S to the first of these ques-tion.s. the Treasury wa.s not merely being stubborn In its initial decision not to offer bonds at a discount. It was the financially honorable cour.se to ask for a removal of the ceiling. And at the time there wa.s every reason to a.ssunie that this request would be granted. With the advantage

of hindsight it is easy to conclude that it would have been belter not to be so determined in opposition to offering bonds at a discount, but it is too late to change the earlier action.

As to the effect of offering United States obligations at a discount, the answer is that some of the opponents of higher interest rates might raise the question of whether such action Ls not contrary to the intent of the Congress, if that contention were upheld, the Treasury would be in a real mess.

If this argument was not made, one could feel sure that there would have been no real effect of such a discount offering. Canada a short time ago offered bonds of less than two years maturity at 94.65. There were 3 per cent obligations and at this price they give a yield of 6.61 percent. This is not take as evidence that Canada is on the verge of a financial crisis; and the same would have been true in this country. at least it would have been before the Treasury announced it would not cii'cumvent the ceiling in this way.

Rates Fluctuate

Whether a special slssion of the Congress should be called is fairly easy to answer. If it were called and the ceiling was removed, it is unthinkable that a long term bond would be issued at present rates. Within the next say. ten years we shall see lower interest rates, and no one as responsible as Secretary Anderson would consider obligating the United States Government to pay 5 per cent or higher for a long period into the future.

Having lost the initial altempi C'ontiiiued on page 6

(Washington Daily News)

There has been another youthful gang killing in New York. And this one is about as brutal and cold as they come. A 17-year-old Puerto Rican youth was kiUed by a bullet from a gang members gun as he came down the steps at a Bronx school.

Police have indicated that the victim belonged to one gang and that the killer was a member of another rival gang. The scene Ls bizarre. Eight young gangsters. seven of them wearing light colored trench coats and the actual killer and leader wearing a blue trench coat, came upon this youth and before anyone knew what was really happening, a boy lay mortally wounded.

There seems to be too much talk today about civil rights In New York and not enough talk about criminal wrongs. If this same incident had happened in the South. Northern newspapers would have made a real play on the race angle. Now when it happens on their very own door steps, the newspapers and city officials are most careful to point cut that no race angles are involved.

How does one go about separating the race angle in New York? Ls race tension any more .serious than gang tension? Statistics dont always tell the story behind the story. In the South we seldom ever have a lynching any more. And we can point with pride to that fact in our Southland. But on New York streets alone in 19.59 exactly 11 gang slayings have taken place. In the entire South in the past

10 years there have not been

11 such killings.

It is easy for New York papers to look upon the poor South and speak out in strong terms about uia- shortcomings, but wlien it comes to. crime, particularly murder, at their doorsteps, it becomes ever so much harder to crack down and offer real criticism.

If men like Senator Javits of New York would pay the same attention to the ills of New York that they are paying to the ills of the South, then New York might see a.sharp reduction in its crime rate But at every turn Mr. Javits slaps the South. But when it happens in his own own political arena, to him the crime seems to take on a much different hue.

We are a bit weary of reading of the attacks of men like Mr. JaviLs on the South. Until ope can clean up his own household, it ill behooves him to be so patriotic about trying to clean up areas hundreds of miles from his home. - '

In the South we are far more peace loving, far more considerate, and far less jBubject to crime than the people are who live in Senator Javits state. Yet he goes right on attacking us in the face of 11 gang kiUings on his own streets. *

We in the South are doing our best to clean up whatever me.ss exists here. In New York officials concerned about the crime rate there, but they seem more concerned about a few widely scattered race incidents in the South. It just doesnt make sense.

nn

elected to the U.S. Senate. (That is almost the same procedure followed now with respect to county boards of education.) shire which has 55 women In its legislature.

The good old days: Remember, recalls comic George De De Witt, when hotel rooms used to have courtesy signs asking, Have you left anything Now they might as well say, Have you anything left?

The motorist is getting mor pampered every day. Some Mid-ve.st gas stations now offer free shoe shines while your car is being serviced.

Feeling older By 1970 America will have 20 million people over 65 years of age-Sign in a Greenwich Village beatnik bar: Behave yourself. Once you go off your trolley its the end of the line for you. It was Oscar Wilde who observed, nothing spoils a romance so much as a sense of humor in the woman.

'.'.n ,Briei Opinions

So much science re.search involves introducing mice to the tobacco habit, perhaps the better mousetrap would use a cigarette instead of cheese. Jacksonville (Fla.) Times-Union.

A Navy doctor says the mental health of .submarine crews is excellent, and he must be rightyou so seldom hear of anybody jumping out of a submarines window. Ashevill Citizen-Times.

Undone Just after the frightening deafening shriek of the Civil Defense siren Friday came the peaceful and reassuring chimes from the Baptist Church steeple. Tallahassee Democrat.

THE UNITED WAY

iraae .ine

By ROGER BABSON

En Route to Sweden In recent months there has been much concern in business circles, because our exports have not yet recovered from the sharp setback it suffered hi 1958. For th# present I am much disturbed, although over the longer term we should succeed in again building up our commerce with other nations. At any rate, one reason for my present trip abroad is to secure answers to these important questions. I am landing in Sweden this week.

IMPORTS ARE INCREASING For'a good many years, our exports have exceeded our Imports by a fairly wide margin. Now it is estimated that our shipments of merchandist to foreign markets may top imports by only one billion dollars. Last year, U.S. imports had a total value close to $13 bilUons. This year our Imports are expected to reach $15 billions. This is unfortunate i(w American labor.

This upturn in Imports, however, should not necessarily frighten us. It Is a natural outgrowth of our trade policies for the past twenty-five years. Since 1933, we have been reducing tariffs in an effort to promote international trade and thus help other nations less prosperous than our own. This has helped to attract the current large inflow of goods from abroad.

DOWNTURN IN EXPORTS Many people think that the formation of the European Common Market, sometimes called Euromart, is chiefly responsible for stopping the long uptrend In U.S. exports. I do not agree. Last years decline in our exports was due largely to a world recession which accompanied our recession here at home. It was also due, in some measure, to political tensions abroad.

In my opinion, the real Impact of Euromart on U.S. foreign trade is yet to come. As this United trade program of Prance, West Germany. Belgium, Luxembourg. The Netherlands, and Italy gathers steam, many traditional European markets for our poods will absorb less than their usual amounts. Some of these markets will be closed to us entirely. So far, Euromart has not hurt our exports much, perhays because it has been low In getting under way. CHALLENGE, NOT THREAT Our foreign trade need not be in a long-term period of decline. Our trade position is not so much threatened as it 1 challenged by the European Common Market. It is challenged also by the growing importance of Great Britain. She is now busy with a plan to organize the non-Common Market nations Sweden. Norway. Denmark, Austria. Switzerland. Portugal, and herselfInto a Free Trade area. Finally, our commerce is challenged by the increasing stature of Russia and Japan as exporters In world markets.

We arc in the midst of tremendous world economic changes. These will deeply affect our foreign trade. They will also test to the full our technological and industrial capacity. In fact, they may place in danger our position a.s the economic leader of the Free world. I predict that during the next few years U.S. foreign trade will suffer some bad jolts. Pressure to go back to higher tariff barriers will increase, but I believe we will stand firm. And in the end we can come out on top, provided we do not fritter away our natural advantages by failing to control wage and materials costs, WHAT ABOUT RUSSIA AND UNION LABOR? There has been a lot of scare talk with regard to Russias engaging in an economic war with the West. So far, I see no conclusive signs of such a development. At present, the Soviet Union does not appear to be in a position to wage such an economic war, though she may well desire to do so. In order to be successful in such an enterprise, Russia would have to establish some kind of a gold international equivalent for the ruble.

Right now the foreign trade of the West is much greater than that of Russia. Unless we become panicky, we can hold our own in any such trade contest with the Kremlin. Eventually, our side could be strongly bolstered by a solid trade alliance between the U.S., the Common Market, and the proposed Outer Seven European Free Trade Area now being promoted by Britain. In the meantime we must fight inflation, keep our coets down, and boost our productivity. This is primarily up to our union labor leaders, who appear to be largely responsible for much of our present unemployment. .

More Look-Aheads In Business

Strength For Today

By EAKL L. DOUG LASS

WORTH NEITHER RACIAL NOR NATIONAL

A.S the representatives of the nations are gathered together in the United Nations organization, we are coming to appreciate that ability is not a matter of race or nationality. Some of the outstanding statesmen are from small countries. Through the ages geniuses have come from every race.

The great Copcrnicu'A was a Pole; Krplf'i, a German; Galieo, an Italian; Descartes, a Frenchman; ToLstoi, a Rius.sian: Con-fu.'ilu.s, a Chine.se. In our own country we have been honored in leceiit years to number among

our distinguished citizens the Negro. George Washington Carver. The world looks with admiration upon the American Jew, Einstein. He stands next to Newton, said to be the greatest mathematical mind in history. Newton the Englishman and the American will undoubtedly remain for all time as bright beacons in the history of scientific advance What we need In this country LS not more tolerance but some spiLsiblc and polite appreciation of the worth of men quite apart from the accidents of birth, race, nationality, wealth, or station. Its not who we are or where wc were born, but what we are that counts.

By EL.MER KOES.SNER

Here are more look-aheads in business, ba.sed on analyses of current trend.s;

Record bank profits: Ranks do belter when interest rates are high, and they are at a quarter-centiiry peak now. Bank profits in the July-September period will be about 20 per cent above the third quarter of last year. Many banks will set new highs.

Lively liquor contest: Last

year some distillers balked at fancy decanters for Christmas sales. Fewer will stay out of the race thLs year; decanters will be more elaborate than ever. The rea.son is consumer spending is high and distillers wTll ti*y to get as much of it a.s they can. (Brown-Formau has already unveiled a decanter designed by Raymond Loewy; Schenley is using reproductions of 60 famous

paintings a.s gift wraps.) DECLINE IN NEW 1I01.SING Sharp home-building drop: Theres usually a fall spurt in housing starts, but this falls figures will be under year-ago starts. Higher interest rates and tight money are the cause; many families are waiting in hopes rates will fall.

A new plastic in small appliances: A new plastic has been developed from a sugar base and, because it is cheaper and tougher than competitive plastics there will be a rush to use it in radios, toasters and other household devices.

Cheaper lumber: The lag In home-building noted above will weaken lumber prices further. Roofing and wallboard prices will ahio soften.

Steady metal prices; Mo.st non-ferrous metals will continue along

strike In copper, supplies are adequate for some time. Lead will firm a bit because of feai's of strikes. No changes are expected in tin, aluminum, nickel. Zinc is not likely to be raised again. TIRE FIGHT TOUGHENING

Intensified Tyrex-nylon battle: Manufacturers of these two cords for tires are stepping up their battle for shares of the market. There have been price cuts of both fibers and new cuts may follow. However, cuts wont be deep enough to bring about cheaper consumer tire prices.

Higher cement prices: But they may not come until next spring, when renewal of road building and a conlinuation of plant expansion will bring demand do.'^^er to capaeity.

NEW YORK HATTING TA\-G.MN M ^

New York d . - cracking

down on high-oash surrender value life Insurance poUcles. These have become highly popular because of certain tax advantages. Effective November l. New York forbids their issuance by companies licensed to do business in the state.

OLD PROMOTERS PLANS FORM TO END ALL FORMS A postal from the Old Promoter arrived today. We deciphered: Please rush $10,000 for development of my new invention. Am designing a universal office form. Single form can be ikscd as requisition, time card, Interoffice memo, cash voucher,

order form, shipping authorization, change of address notification. payroll statement, etc. Soii'ub like a great idea. Hop there, .sn-ue on the form for .-ric - as "No. $10,000

i; . . ,.. icvels. Despite the