PAGE FOURTHE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Tutdy, January 6,

Tuesday, January 6, 1959

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Mule Train

Russian Scientists Startled All

Like the rest of the world, ncludinfif Soviet Union, the United States is looking with amazement and some apprehension at the new Russian cosmic rocket now beginning its orbit around the sun.

Russia is making all of the propaganda fodder it can out of this great space-age achievemeent', and even President Eisenhower has sent a message of congratulations to^ the Ru.ssian scientists responsible for the rocket which shot past fhe moon and on into space.

i The question that comes to the fore in the minds of most Americans is, how far does this mean that they are ahead of us?

No one can answer the question for .<ure. It would appear on the surface at least, that the Russians have succeeded where we so far have failed. And there is further indication that the new Soviet Lunik is considerably larger than anything the United States has tried to put into space.

There are, and probably will remain, many unanswered questions about Rus.sian cosmic rocket. Is this the first Soviet try at a moon shot, or have they experienced failures which have not been announced? Do they have some new fuel which we do not possess? Have they developed a guidance system which is better than that developed by American space scientists? Doe.s this startling cosmic rocket success mean that Soviet space-age development is far ahead of that of the United States? i

What repercussions will this new Soviet space achievement have in international affairs? How close

does it put us to the day when man will venture Into the depths of space?

The firing of this cosmic" rocket comes less than 18 months after the first successful Jaunching of an earth satellite by the Russians . . .and the United States was not far behind in putting its own satellite into orbit. And in just 18 short months man has moved from the thre.shhold of space with earth satellites into deep space with this Soviet rocket which reportedly will orbit around the sun.

Such a rate of advancement is sufficient to completely astound the layman if not the scientist. It is also sufficient to prompt the question, where are we going and wher^'will we be when we get there? What sort of new problems in human and national relationships will confront the peoples of the earth as we continue our advance into the space age?

The new cosmic rocket o^iens new portals in scientific achievement, but it also opens new doors for other types of problems which must be confronted and solved.

While top scientists in East and West have been given top priority to sojve the mysteries and prob* lems of space, the Fiast and West should likewise give top priority to experts in other fields to work on the equally complicated problems of human relations that are sure to be compounded by our scientific achievements.

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Governor Bears Cubas Future Tied To

Future Of Fidel Castro

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Responsibility

By LYNN NI8BET

TIME TO THINK - Governor Luthar Hodges "on hli own" and ' through influence he ha* exerled fon the several commission* set up to recommend changes in governmental procedure has given to the citizens of North Carolina a challenge to think for them-aelves which la more Impelling and significant than any comparable presentation since the constitution of I8fi8 was submitted to the people for ratification.

Immediate reaponslblllty rests upon members of the General Assembly to decide what laws ahall be enacted and made effective, and wfiat issues should be submitted to popular vote for effective application or for basic constitutional revision. It is important to remember in this connection that moat legislators do not vote their Individual opin-icms. but rec-ognlze their status as representatives of the people who elected them.

There have been numerous instances when a legislator personally favored legal sale of liquor, but votefl against ABC stores because he thought that was the will of majority of his constltutents; or when he felt extensin of the sales tax would be a good thing, but voted against tl because he knew how the folks back home felt. So It la that while the actual voting la done by a member of the General Assembly the sentiment expressed is that of the people, Which means that the people have obligation to keep Informed and to think Intelligently so they can transmit their wishes to the lawmakers.

It la extremely unlikely that all of the proposals for change will be enacted or submitted to popular vote. Almost certainly a grea many of them will be, thua putting reaponslblllty for ratification or rejection ujwn the people where it properly belongs.

FOUR-WAY Technically gov-rnment In the United States and in the State of North Carolina is divided into three coordinate branches -- legislative, executive and Judicial. Through evolutionary processes the functions of State government have been popularly divided Into four major categories schools, roada, courts and general administration.

The average citizen isnt nearly so much concerned about whether the legislatlvf^. sftu'ullvc or Judicial branch adinTnlsters is the program as he is concerned about having a good school, a good road, rea.sonable enforcement of law and equitable treatment In the collection and disbursement of tax moneys.

For many yeara the tendency has been for the legislature to delegate more and more of its Inherent authority to the executive, Pending proposals would accelerate this trend. Admittedly asBSrnmammmmmsssassmsam^

it is an easy way for the legislative branch to pass the buck. No real authority is being passed. becaiwe it cannot be: hut when the legislative branch delegates power to make ordinances and rules with force of law the inevitable result is a trend toward! dictatorship.

The Judicial branch Is now flexing its muscles. Almost every dsy complaints at;e heard that the Fcdegil courts are usurping levslatlve functions, even to the extent of making laws and amending the Constitution by Ju-dlc'al decree. It requires no great stretch of thinking to see that this is a logical result of the ab-dic.iilon of the Congress in the mid-thirties and the attempts of the Federal executive 20 years ago to re-make the Supreme Court to fit admlnlatiative ends. There is reason for serious thinking by North Carolinians now about pending proposals to delegate more power to the executive and greatly enhance the authority of the couits.

DECISION Basic decision on all points rests with the people. Authority of executive and Judicial officials Is limited In most Instance* to powers conferred by legislative act - and the legislators are subject to the will of the people because they are elected every two yeara. If the people do not like the laws made by Igislators they can get new legislators next time to repeal the laws. The legislature cannot change the constitution without approval of a majority of the voters in a slate-wide election.

The recommendations of the constitutional commlaaton have not been published. Some of the porpoaaU for change In administrative procedure made by other study commission* are fundamental. approaching if not reaching. the effect of constitutional revision. Whether or not these changes are made will depend largely upon attitude of the people as expreued to legtslatora.

That is why it ia more important now than at any time within nearly a hundred years that the people do their own think ing and determine for themselves what they want. In order to think Inlelllgently and decide what they want It is necessary that the people have information about such Ihlnga as tax levies, appi oproatlons and proposed constitutional changes as early as possible.

It Is easy to understand that able and honest men who have worked for months on tax and appropriation bills and constitutional amendmenls can appreciate the Importance of their proposals. It is not so easy to expect the people or Ihclr legislative representatives -- to accept these recommendations on a quickie (akelt-or-leave-it basis. There Ui need for aerious thought, and real thinking takes lime.

Cuba has a new ruler, Fidel Castro, and a new President, Manuel Urrutia, who appear to have the domestic situation in that war-torn republic just off the coast of the United States well in hand.

Outwardly at lea.st, Cubans appear overwhelmingly pleased with the sudden end of the 2-year-old rebellion led by the young Ca.stro. Celebrations unparalleled in Cuban history have been going on since the flight of President Batista who ruled the country for almost a quarter century.

An abrupt end to the general strike on Castro's order also makes it appear that the rebel leader not only has the military power of the country now under his control, but likewise has the popular support of the people of Cuba.

Together with other factors that have come out of the rapid series of events in Cuba during the past week, the island country would appear on its way to recovery from the civil war. It must be realized, however, that Castros new government probably faces many difficult situations before things In Cuba return to normal.

What the Communists will do remains a question. Whether Ca.tro wfll nationalize American holdings in hi.s country is another moot question although for the moment at least the outlook is optimistic for most Americana who have invested in industries in Cuba.

If Castro has, as he has professed .since the beginning of his campaign to oust Batista, the genuine interest of the Cuban people at heart; and if he has the popular support he now appears to have in Cuba, it may well be that the little island country now stands on the brink of one of the greatest eras of progress in its history.

For the sake of the people of Cuba, we hope that is the case.

The next few weeks will give an Indication of what the Cubans and their neighbor nations can expect from the government of Fidel Ca.stro.

Senate To Open With A Fiah

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By DON SCHLIENZ

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At The Barrels Bottom

More years ago than I like to dwell upon an in.structor introduced me to the Idea of writing arranged so the reader would "read" from left to right on one line, and the following line would be read from right to left; something like this: (sample)

It's really very simple except bet I which factor little one the professor purposely avoided of collection his displaying in examples. The process is easy hard Is It but read to enough work for linotype operators to set, difficulty the of nothing say to It poses for the writer.

(end sample) Theoretically It should provide for a speedup In reading. Pra

ctically, It ilowa up writing and printing production.

So we took our choice, and favored more writing and slower reading. That way there's at least a fighting chance to keep up with demand.

As long as were on the subject of writing, Id like to call atiention to a book written by Lt, Gen. James Gavin, "War and Peace In The Space Age "

The book itself is written to be understood by veterans, taxpayers, lawmakers and people interested in one facet of national preservation. It is not technical work, but a combination of reminiscence and outlines of findings and suggestions evolving

Other Editors Saying--Two jCalifornias Talkec

around nuclear arms and missile problems.

To say that General Gavin is dissatisfied with present planning in strategy and tactics and organizational procedures, is putting it mildly.

Of courseMts one mans story . . . and his opinions have been (and are being) challenged by the biggest wheels in government; but when you put his book down you get the feeling he has a mighty good case which more people should know about.

Right about the time you're reading this, some Democratic lawmakers who have read this book are shaking their heads over the Presidents proposed military spending in his tentative, budget. So the book Is timely. It is also likely to play a part In influencing decisions yet to be made.

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B.V JAMK8 MARLOW

WASHINGTON (APt The new Senate explodes Wednesday in a fight over changing it* rule*. It may last weeks and much of it will sound dull. But its iai fpachlng. This is an ABC on it.

A bloc of northern Democrats and Kcpubllcana wants to change Senate Rule No, 22. which makes it *0 hard to smash a filibuster that none ha* been broken in 31 years.

The Senate prides lUelf on it* rule of pracllcnlly unlimited debate. But debate can have two purposes: To disciuss an Issue ful-iy before a vote on It or to pie-vent a vote altogether. The latter is the Illlbuster.

The f)8 senators will do mo.!t of their business passing bllLs * by ju.st a simple majority of those present on the floor at voting time, A full ntajority, harder to gel, would be .10 of the 9H.

But under Rule No, 22. shutting off a filibuster against a measure to let the Senate by a simple majority vote decide Its fate reqtdres a two-third* vote of all the senntoVs. or of the iH,

Oct ting such a two-thirds vote is almost impossible, except In some national emrrgency. The rex son: So many senators, not Just sotilhrrn Democrat*, favor the principle of unlimited debate.

It isnt hard for each to foresee the time when he, too. may want to ti.se it to prevent pas-sare of legislation he Inten.sely oppo.sc.s.

Tlie riUbu*ter haa been employed against varloua proposals in the Senates long history. In recent .vears southerners particularly have used it, and sue-ce.ssfully, to prevent passage of civil rights billa.

The northerner*, favoring new Civil right* legislation, prote.sl that Rule No, 22 permits a minority in the Senate, where south-ei iiers arc lit a minority, to thwart a maturity.

Soutiierners argue that a minority under Rule No. 22 can protect Itself against the unwelcome will of 1 Senate majority.

But why the fu-vi about chauKlng Rule No 22? Since the Senate adopted this rule Itself, can't It changf U easily? Not

easily. Heres why:

No time limit of any kind can be put on a filibuster against a proposal to change the rule.

This raises such an obstacle to changing rule* once the Senate is In biuilne.s* that the northerner* have settled on another plan It failed In 1953 and again in 1957 and may not work this time Senators are elecied for six years. Although every two years the seats of one-third of them are at atake in the flections, the other two-thirds are still in thc Senate serving out their unex-plred terms.

Becaiwe of this, opponent* of any change in Rule 22 argue that even when there ,i* a new *es-aion of Congre.sa, as there la this year, it does not mean a new Senate. They say:

The Senate Ls never a new but a continuing body. So In each new se.sslon of Congre.s* the Senate continue* to have the aame rules under which it did business in the preceding Con-grc.vs.

The northerners will argue Wednesday, as before, thaj each new session of Congre.s* means a brand new Senate and as such the new Senate does not have to inherit rule* but should adopt its own.

So they will a.sk Wednesday, before the Senate i* fully in btwl* nes.s, that it adopt new rules. If they can win that point, they will ask that Rule No 22 be changed before its adopted. They reason

If the Senate agrees that the old ndes don't apply until they are freshly adopted, then Rule No. 22. with its, protection for a filtfiuster against a rule change, doe.snt apply, doesnt exist, and carrt work.

In short, the northerners argue: Until new nilea are adopted. the Senate will not be operating under Rule No, 22 or any other pteviou* rule but only under parliamentary law This will lead to argument on wdielher parliamentary law, rules are concerned, requires a simple majority or two * tlvirds vote. And no doubt therell be a fllihu,s(rr of .oine kind All this ahouUt cause a parlia-menUjy analu ou a fiaud scale.

(Hendr/fjn Dispatch)

Thla statehood disease appear* to be growing increasingly contagious, First Alaska; in 1959 probably Hawaii; and now out in California they are talking of splitting that Slate into two unit*.

The San Francisco Chronicle ha* taken a poll and finds that those who sent in straw votes favored the division. It was said that a majority of the participant* believe the north and south have little in common, and would like to see the issue settled by a referendum.

More than a third of the voters thought the proposal was unrealistic, maybe impossible. They are probably correct. Nearly half expressed belief that such a division w'ould benefit both the northern and aouthern sections of the State. Some aentlment was that the constant shift toward Southern California political domination is a threat to the north which can best be met by separation.

Every one knows California is one of the largest of the forty-eight States in the continental federation. But it is no larger than Texas. Who know*, though, but that dissident elements even in Texas may come around to demanding a split, especially if the proposal in California should materialize?

Or is the whole matter ba.sed on political considerations? Are there groups who would like more prominence and influence?

S

Each State, of -course, has two members of the United States Senate, regardless of size or poi>-ulatlon. Representation in the House is wholly on population status.

Perhaps there are ambitious politicians who envision in ^the California proposal a short-cut to Washington, and hence are willing to separate as a means of getting there a bit sooner.

There may be merit In the idea of dividing California into two new States. We wouldnt know. But If the fever spreads there is no telling how many present States of the Union would begin to agitate for a division.

Such a development would create added problems of finance, and would bring disadvantages as well as advantages. Even Alaska, which could never rest until recognized as a State, is waking up to the fact that there are obligations to be assumed which may pose an Insurmountable problem for the former territory. Should that develop, the next move would be immediately evident, namely, demand for increased Federal aid.

The sovereign States are experiencing enough difficult as it la In keeping their heads above water financially. The more units there are the greater these will be magnified. But this is a day of Inceasant change, and a sizable element of the people are not satisfied unless they can alter conditions as they are and as they have operated successfully hitherto.

Our Junior Mis* (aged 22 months) recently began the doll-carryihg jag which probably will go on for a number of years.

And, to top it off, she was briefly introduced to mink . . . which made an impression that may last a lifetime.

It was nearly a month later (after meeting mink) ahe encountered some fur trim (rabbit) and proudly pointing called it "mink".

The occasion sparked a fleet-ibg hope that henceforth all fur would be "mink" to her ... it might even pay to cultivate that thought.

To Be-A Bum

By HAL BOYLE NEW YORK (AP)--America* leading manufacturing industry at thl* time of year is the mak-ing--and breaking of resolution*.

Children, just before Christmas, are as good as they can be. But most adults wait until New Year's to start their reform waves. As soon as Santa Claus disappears over the horizon, children start acting worse, and their parents start acting better.. At least their male parents do. For that is an odd thing about the making of new year resolutionsit is pretty much of a masculine delusion. The thought that her conduct might need a yearly overhaul is unthinkable to the average strong;rainded Woman.

But this is a rough time for a wife Just the same^ It is hard for the lady of the house to adjust to the master of the house when he ceases to regard himself as one of natures noblemen and decides he is, in fact, pretty much of a bum.

"Yep, thats all I am. Just a bum," he tells himself in self-pity. "And not eliden a good bum. Im a bum bam. I dopt see how youve put up with me all these years.

Listening ot this is pretty painful to a wife. But even more painful is having to put up with her abject hero during the halo-wearinging period that follows.

He is going to do so many things to improve himself and lead a better life. He is going to give up smoking and drinking and poker player. He is going to quit borrowing money and start living within his means. He ia going to concentrate on his own work and quit telling the boss how to run the office. He Is going to be kinder to the children and help his wife mbre with her household chores.

Yes, he is going to Improve himself in a hundred ways. And for a while he does.

His strange, martyr-like behavior is unnerving to all around him friends, enemies, wif^ and children. Even the family dog wonders what came over him.

Mother is kind of worried, too. In the week since father Insisted, on lending her a hand In the kitchen he has burned himself twice, broken four plates and a cup, and thrown out three pieces of silverware in the garbage.

But by the end of the second week at most father himself tires of a self-imposed code that would bore an angel in heaven. As his rise to virtue was dramatic, so is his fall.

There comes a morning when he refuses to leap out of bed and do deep knee bends. He has two pieces of toast again, his old quota, instead of one.

That night when he returni from work he mixes himself a martini, lights up a cigar, kicks the dog off the sofa, and lets down himself. He tells Junior to do his own homework and quit looking to him for help. He informs his wife: "Dont ask Ine to take you any place tomorrow night because I aint. I'm playing poker."

The tension that has gripped the house for two weeks immediately disappears. Mother and Junior look at each other and smile. Even the dog grins.

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

REGARDING THE RECORD

"There is nothing covered that shall not be revealed, neither hid. that shall not be known" (Luke 12:2). This same truth is reflected In the prayer, "Almighty God, unto whom all hearts are open, all desires known, and from whom no secrets are hid . .

God knows us thoroughly now. At the last great day, everyone will know us. Wont that be awful? All the meannesses we have thrust down into the lower chambers of our hearts, all evil desires, all those things we keep trying to forget we ever did these win be on public display. We have the Lords own word for that, and it Is most disconcerting assurance. How we wish it might be otherwise.

But there Is nothing we can do about the divine decision to bring everything out into the open on the last great day. There is something we can do, however, to keep that display from being too embarrassing. We can strive to keep the record clean. We can go singing through life with the glad realization that God is on our side. We can bear in mind that "eye hath not seen, nor car heard, neither have entered Into the heart of man the things which God hath prepared for them that love him."

The good thing about this assurance that nothing will be hid In the hereafter is the assurance that nothing of Gods mystery and providence will be hid from us. We shall see Him as He is. and his purposes as they jtre.

;.959, A Year Of Labor Strife

By ELMER ROESSNER Thu* will be a year of labor strife.

The two big reasons are;

1. Inflation payrhology Is aboard In the land. Labor a.s well a* others expect* a continuation of the upward spiral and see.* a nece.sslty of demanding higher pay to meet higher prices.

2, Labor believes Congress 1s on its aide. Labor to convinced that it alone made the larger Deni ocra tic majority possible and to suae a grateful Congress will strengthen labor a position.

The three-year contract between the United Steel Workers and the Indu.'^tfy expires July I. There la little hope that a new contract can be negotiated without a strlk*. even If sessions begsn today.

The Steelworker* constitute a challenge to the other mass vuiion.s- None will want to aim a contraci before Julg that the Sleelwurker* may top: after that, none will want te settle lor less than that union .MORE KORF.t A15TS Here are other look-aheada ia buainc.'^.'i. based on examination of extoUng fact* and known irtuds;

Inventory boom. With few ex-ceptioius, such as of coal, industrial slocks are low. having been reduced in the 19.58 scare Now especially with prospects of labor unrest, reported aboveIndustry will start to build up its stockpiles. These buildups in com-modlUe.i always create considerable prasperity in the supplying industries.

Fatter inaurance sales. The new mortality table adopted by the National Association of Insurance Commtosioners will lend to reduce the coat-protecUon ration of life insurance.

Most companies will offer more protection and more fringe benefit* to policyholders instead of stressing lower rale. This will swell the face value Of Inaurance WTUten. and IW9 may aet a new records set

Vantohlng foods. Some of those food speclaltve* youve grown so fond of many dUtppear from your favorite supermarkei'a ahehes The rea.son to that thoiwanda of new food product* will hit the market this year Supers can no longer find more shelf room, every new jtem must bump ao older one from

now on out In mo*t supers. Supermarket merchandising is tough. If 50 people a day buy frozen egg rolls but 60 a day will buy frozen lasagna, the egg rolls will go,

BRAINS TO COST MORE

Higher college tuition. There will be many sharp increases in fees before next fall. Enrollment is rising again and costs of operating brain plants are going up. Furthermore, there* little hope that students will get more for their higher fee*. Many lastttulions are lowering requirements shghtly to recruit instructors. Note: If you have a son or daughter ttartlng college, advtoe him to look into inttnictors* backgrounds a* much as possible, and shop around for the best, as far ai college rules permit.

Jap slap. Federal offtctala are taking a cold look at Japan's cffurtt to increase the Ainericau quota of cotton textiles. Japan 1* asking to Increaat its ahlp-ment* to America by 6 per cent, bringing the total to 2.50.000.000 yards in 1959 But because of the .shaky 'and politically strong' situation in the Ameri-i can textilt industry, ih* govern

ment is resisting any Increase.

State tax increases. This year may see a great upsurge in state tax levies. State costs are rising, as has been previously pointed out here. But this' is a legislative year, with legislatures of almost all states scheduled to meet, and therefore be-in a > position to boost rates. DEVALUATION MAY ATTRACT TENSIONS, SAYS PROMOTER

The Old Promoter was in a thoughtful mood when he dropped around today for hi* first visit of the New Year. He was a bit phUosophie too. and not the least hung over.

"It will take months to figure out all the consequencea of the devaluation of those. European currenciee." he said. "But here to one point that has been overlooked. The United States will loe many old people. Now that foreign currencies hav% been cut, their Social Security checks will buy a lot more living In those countrlee, and maity will return,to the old country ."

We agreed they might.

*Wi.sh I were 65." the old ne said. "Id leave tomorrow. By jet."