PACE FOUR

THE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILXE, N. C

Saturday, January 8, 1850

Saturday, January 3, 1959

A Third Adjustment Con Be Hard

Another Enemy Of Russia

If the budget message which Gov. Hodges delivers to the 1959 General Assembly in February shows considerable new tax revenue must be found from new sources or higher tax rates, there are going to be a great many disappointed and downright mad folks throughout North Carolina.

Several months ago the people of the state were told that in all probability the state would have to find considerable new tax revenue if it were to meet its necessary expenses during the coming biennium. They were told in a straightforward manner that both new levies and higher rates on old levies probably would be necessary.

In spite of the unhappy prospect of such eventualities most North Carolinians fairly well conditioned themselves to the situation, recognizing that the state must meet its needs to continue to progresseven if it did mean higher taxes.

Since that time, however, the people of North Carolina have been getting from the Governors office and other high official sources increasingly broad hints that the financial situation will not be nearly as bad as it seemed at mid-year. On several occasions it has been hinted from official sources that no new revenue sources must be found to meet the needs of the state during the coming biennium.

These hints at the prospect for no increase in state taxes next year have pretty well convinced the people 6f North Carolina that in reality no state tax increasea will b# necessary. The public, eyen optimistic and al-

Chiefly Loca.. Library Support

By LYMN NUBET

LIBRARIES An Important adjunet to pubUo tducatlon i tha public library ayatem. Like many other phases of governmental service it U almost impossible to ascertain exactly how much money and effort is expended on library service.*

The 1958 Oetral Assembly eonsolldated the Library Com-mission with the State Library and more closely Integrated supervision over county snd city public libraries in the state. Consequently the biennial report of the State Library published this week gives a more accurate picture of the total service than such reports did a few years ago. It is still far from complete. There are several hundred school libraries. and dozens of quasi-private, not included in the listing.

The report lists 273 public libraries, including 72 county units, eight regional libraries serving 22 counties, 172 branch offices of these units snd 21 independent city and town libraries. These units serve the people in 94 counties through operation of 104 bookmobiles. On basis of 1950 census population the 94 counties served have 3,911.417 people, leaving only 0,13 without public library service. They have 3.343,-289 books, less than one book for each person, but the turnover in circulation means that every book was read on the average by nearly four people.

Nearly three fourths of the money supporting public libraries comes from local communities 41 per cent from counties, 31 per cent from cities and towns. Fifteen percent comes from State aid, five percent from Federal aid, knd eight percent from other sources. The total amounts to about three million dollars,

FINANCING Only six counties have no public library service. They are Alexander, Ashe. Bruiuh wlck. Jones, Polk and Robeson. The other 94 qualify for Slate aid, and 83 of them get some help from Federal funds. Thirteen counties and nine cities have voted special taxes for library support. The counties are Anson, Caldwell, Cherokee, Cumberland, Davidson, Gaston, Oransvllle, Mecklenburg. Montgomery. Rockingham. Rutherford, Sampson and Union. The special tax cities are Black Mountain, Granite Falls. Henderson. Hickory, High Point, Mount Airy, Statesville, Wa.shlngton and Weldon. The libraries In these 22 units are assured of continuing support, since the taxes voted for that purpose cannot be spent for any other. Where no special tax has been voted the library support depends upon the wUl of the county or municipal commts-aloners.

SPECIAL - In addition to the 273 wholly public libraries there

are 88 university and college libraries and 19 others claMed as ^special (and including the State Library at Raleigh) with more than four and a half million volumes. Many of the books in the special libraries are technical with limited appeal for reference, and in some instances usage is restrkited to students or employees.

Mrs. Elizabeth House Hughey, State librarian, says there are dozens more special libraries which are not listed because the requests sent out for information were not returned. For example, only one county law library is listed, although perhaps half the counties have them. There are only four big industrial corporations listed, and dozens of them have well furnished research libraries. Mrs. Hughey thinks maybe in the next report all the known libraries wUl be listed and those not reporting will be so noted.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS The State Library is charged by law with responsibility for inventorying all public and quasi-public libraries except those In the elementary and high schools. These come under control of the State Department of Public Administration. They will be treated in a later separate story.

PAY ROLLS The concluding sentence in a news release from Carolina Power & Light Company about new industries locating in its service area within the past year reads "Not Included In the year's $68 million Industrial growth figure is the Air Force's plan for a $40'million S.A.O.E, base at Qilypso in North Carolina,"

Significance of that statement, with its sort of paranthetic import. lies in the fact that most of the industrial developments listed were in the middle and mid-western part of the state. The value of industrial development to any community or section is the payrollthe money paid for labor and services and spent in the communities where It is earned. The eastern third of North Carolina has been admittedly low in the field of industrial payrolls. Butthe capital investment by the Federal government for military Installations at Fort Bragg and Pope Field, Camp LeJucne and Cherry Point, Seymour Johnson Field and Calypso, plus the numerous smaller but still bigunits by Air Force, Army, Marine Corps. Navy and Coast Guard all along the seaboard, and the multl-mllllon dollar payroll for both civilian and uniformed personnel at these posts, balances 6ff a lot of big Industry further west and, as an upstate induatrialist quipped the other day. these military ex-tabllshments are not likely tx> be closed down at the whim of a labor leader.

ways inclined to believe what it most wants to believe when concrete information is not available, has now convinced itself that no state tax increases will be necessary in the coming biennium. It has convinced itself of this fact on the official hints which have been coming out of Ralegh in the past 60 days.

If, contrary to what now appears to be the popular belief in the state, the Governor's budget report -shows a big legislative revenue hunt is necessary, North Carolinians will be sorely disappointed. And it will be the fault of high officials who have allowed the citizens of the state to mislead themselves.

If North Carolina is going to have to find new sources of revenue and hike taxes during the coming biennium, it would be much better for .the people to be told now rather than early Februar\

Once in the past six month.H, most?people of the .state have* pretty well conditioned themselves to the prospect of more and higher state taxes after July 1969. Now, on the.strength of official hints, they have convinced themselves that the forthcoming legislature will work with a rosy financial situation rather than an extremely difficult one.

It will be most difficult for citizens "of the itate to make a third adjustment in February.

Accessible To All In Only Matter Of Time

With con.struction work just beginning on a pipeline project to bring natural gas to a broad area of Eastern North Carolina, another application has been filed with the State Utilities Commission to provide natural gas to eight additional counties in north central and north eastern areas of the state.

* Natural gas which has been available in Piedmont North Carolina several years has proved a boon to that area in advancing its. industrial development. It is looked upon as a distinct advantage to sections which are seeking to attract certain types of industrial plants.

While the areas of North Carolina in which natural gas has been available in the past have been severely limited, it appears now only a matter of time until practically every area and county of the state will have access to this low-cost fuel which is new to this region.

In the interest of the economic development of North Carolina, state agencies should encourage the extension of natural gas facilities into new areas so long as-sound private companies request permission to provide these services. The greater the^area of North Carolina in which natural gas is available for consumers, the better the state.s chances are of landing an industry which is seeking certain requirements in a plant .site including availabilty of natural gas.

Certainly natural gas will be an asset to Pitt and other counties in this area into which pipelines are now being extended. It also follows that natural gas would likewise be an as.set to Casweli, Person, Granville, Warren, Halifax, Northhampton, Franklin and Vance Counties into which a private company has now asked the State Utilities Commission permission to extend its lines.Can The Public Get Protection?

By ALVIN TAYLOR

fi

Holidays Are Different

A book we've come by ahowz that Abrahtm Lincolns birthday is still not celebrated In North Carolina, The same is true in most other southern states although not all.

The nation's president during the War Between the States celebrated his birthday on Feb. 12. According to this book, that

day is a legal holiday in 36 states and possessions.

Only three southern states include it as a legal holiday. They are Arkansas, Tennessee and Texas.

The other states which observe the Great Emancipators birth date are: Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut. Delaware.

Other Editors Saying --Nightmare Alley

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By JAME.S MARLOW

WASHINGTON <AP> The rash of IDSfls year-end strikes overshadowed the fact that the overwhelming majority of labor-management negotiations last year ended peacefully.

But those strike* which Immediately and directly affect the public, such as those against airlines and New York newspapers, raise questions.

Can the public be protected against a repetition? Can such trikes be banned? What will Congress do?

No federal law forbids such strikes. Congress rejected the principle of a strike ban when It fashioned the Taft-Harlley Act in 1947. Its unlikely to change Its mind in 1959 as a result of what "happened In 19.58.

Public inconvenience last year only small segments of the public were affected -- has to be balanced against the freedom of workers to strike -and of employers to shut their plants and freedom for both to settle their, own problems.

A change In congressional thinking would appear more V)ro-bable if the time came when a strike damaged the nation as a whole so badly that U seemed necessary to prevent a iTpetltion in order to avoid disaster.

Even then Congress almost certainly would not forbid strikes generally but aim. Instead, at key Industries broadly affe<tlng the iiuWic, Likely targets: such public utilities as railroads, airlines. telephones, buses, electric power

But how could thci'e be a fair icttleinent in those fields if labor, to enforce Its deni ind.s, could not strike and managemenl. to put pressure on a union, could not shut down Us plant?

To try to l>e fair to both aides, Congre.ss probably would require compulsory arbltratton. An outsider would be appointed to listen to both sides and then give a decision binding on both,

Oiganlzcd labor as a whole, ttensurlnf lU tro'dom to strike for what H demantis, is against compulsory arhliratlon which could force it to accept what it did not want Management probably would oppose compulsory arbitration, too.

Congress Itself turned down the idea of compulsory arbitration when it was, passing the Taft Hartley Act. So did one of the laws aulhors, the late Sen. Robert Taft of Ohio.

There are two major labor laws: the Railway l.abor Act, covering rnlh'oada and alrlitie.s; and Taft Harllcy. covering mo.st oUidr inierstale business and industry .

The Railway Act does not forbid a strike but has built-in'ma

chinery for delaying one while 'i.efiorta are made to get a settlement. Its the same with Taft-Hartley.

Under T*H when the President thinks a walk-out might damage the national welfare, he can prevent a strike for 80 days. But under both acts, when all tries at a settlement fall, the strike can start,

At year's end no one seemed more pleased at the way labor and management got along in 19.58 than Secretary of Labor Mitchell.

His department put out a statement this week which said in 1958 was one of the best years on record. The number of man-days lost through strike idleness was lower than any postwar year except 1957.

Mitchell praised what he called the 'statesmanship" and maturity of labor and management" for ihelr record in collective bargaining in 1958,

A number of states have laws whose purpose is to prevent or forbid strikes In public utilities. But the constitutionality of these laws has been questionable ever since 1951,

That year the Supreme Court knocked down a Wisconsin law aimed at preventing a public utility strike. What the court said in effect was that the Taft-Hart-ley Act does not forbid such a strike; therefore, the Wisconsin law was In conflict with federal law and could not stand.

Every year since 1951 proposals have been made in Congress to ban strikes in public Utilities. They got nowhere. They will be offered again this year and appear likely to face the same fate.

(Wall Street Joaroal)

When James Hof fa recently announced his plan to put all the nations policemen, firemen and other state, county and municipal workers Into his Teamsters Union, It sounded a little like a bad joke. Especially the Idea of Mr. Hoffa, head of a union kicked out of the A.F.L.-C.I.O. because of alleged corruption and gangster domination, becoming the boss of the country's cops.

But the Teamsters, at any rate, dont seem to be joking. To gtart their organizing drive, they now say they will picket New York City police headquarters on January 12. They add that the picketing will go on indefinitely and may eventually extend to other police facilities, including precinct stations. Since trucker members of the Teamsters would presumably honor the picket lines, this tactic could cut off needed supplies to the police.

As one Teamster official candidly put it, "We are going to give (Police Commissioner Kennedy) a taste of the economic force and pressure of the Teamsters Union." Mr, Kennedy, understandably enough, had indicated he would fire policemen who joined the Teamsters.

Well, the fact that the Teamsters are trying does not prove they will succeed in making a reality of this nightmare. Certainly local police power, in New York Chty or any other city, ought to be able to deal with the threat and enjoy public sup

port in doing so: for there cannot be many people who faU to see the dangerous implications to put it mildly of having the Teamsters running the police of the nation. So this Teamster move may, at last, dramatize the urgenL necessity of cutting the union down to size.

The necessity arises not only from this organizing effort. Ap-* parently Mr. Hoffa's ambitions are unlimited. His union already contains people who have nothing to do wiUi trucking; soon he will attempt to grab seventy thousand Sears. Roebuck employes. He dreams of making Teamsters of all transport workers, including the East and West Coast longshoremen, which would put all the United States at his mercy.

The main point, though, is not Mr. Hoffa as such, or even the Teamsters. The point is that there is nothing in law to prevent any of the union monoliths from exercising power so vast as to endanger the country.

In the last few days some developments looking toward possible remedies have been reported. The Justice and Treasury Departments are said to be making an extensive investigation af the Teamsters. The Justice Department is also said to be preparing to use the Sherman Antitrust Act against labor racketeers. However, this can be used only in cases of alleged collusion between unions and employers; the unions themselves (Continued on Page 8)Weird Musicasts

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky. Maryland, Michigan, Minnesotta, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska. Nevada. New Jersey, New York, North Dako^, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvaniia, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin. Wyoming, Alaska. Hawaii, Virgin Islands. ------.

The states which dont recognize Lincoln'a birthday plus a few others make up for it wli the legal observance of Robert E. Lees birthdate. That falls on Jan. 19.

The U states which observe that date as a legal holiday are: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina. South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas.

North Carolina falls to go along with several states in observing the president of the Confederacys birth date. However, eight southern states do list June 3 Jefferson Davis birthday as a legal holiday.

They are: Alabama. Florida, Geirgoa, Mississippi, South Car-^ ollna, Texas, Virginia. In Arkansas tt is considered a Memorial Day.

North Carolina has a couple of legal holidays all to itself. One is Halifax Independence Resolution Day which comes April 12 and the other is Mecklenburg Declaration of Indepdencc Day on May 20.

The old North State Is the only state which observes Easter Monday as a legal holiday. However, the Virgin Islands, a territory, has also declared the day after Easter as a holiday.

Confederate Memorial Day in North and South Carolina falls on May 10 while the same occasion is observed in four other states on April 26. They are: Alabama, Florida, (jeorgia and Mississippi.

Columbus Day on OcU^r It Is observed as a legal holiday In most states but North Carolina is among the few which do not go along.

Another generally accepted holiday is Declaration Day on May 30, but North Carolina observes it only as a holiday for State and National banks.

TOKYO (AP) For more than 12 centories, Japan's Imperial Court Orchestra has entertainwl kings snd knaves, princes and plotters in an unchanging ritual that was old even before the violin made its Eturopean debut.

Founded in 703 AJD.. the op-chestra has faithfully conserved the cream of anctent Indian and Chinese music to gain its sou-biquet as the "Conservatory of the World."

Its queer harmwiies and weird sounds have puzzled Western ears for centuries.

But only recently studies hava ahown thal the 200 ancient compositions that make up the or* cbestras repertory bear close similarity to the modem atonal and 12-tone music of Schoenberg, Berg and Hindemith and may have influenced Debussy at an earlier thne.

During its long history, the orchestra has been manned only by members of its founding fam-llities except for one musician in the groups present 28 members and seven trainees.

Its instruments have been exact replicas of the original ones imported from CThina and Korea in the Seventh and ElghUi Centuries.

Most of the ancient unwritten laws governing the orchestra are still in force.

All the members ars male. Not a single female musician has been allowed to participate in the court orchestra during the past 1,255 years.

Five years ago, EmperOT Hl-rohito sent his kappelmelster to the court treasure house at Nara, the ancient capital in western Japan. The chief court musician. Sukehiro Shiba, 60, cleaned one original bamboo flute of its 1.200 years of dust and played the instrument.

The "A tone of the ancient flute recorded 440 frequencies, exactly the same as the current internationally agreed concert pitch.

Shiba, direct descendant of the Korean prince who came to Japan in the Seventh Century to organize the orchestra, says: "I was overjoyed at the discovery.

The court orchestra normsdly has 16 instruments," Shiba said. "But our ancestors determined some were musically superfluous and discarded them."^

Wind is represented by ryutekl, hichiriki and sho. Ryeteki is al-mmt Uie same as the Western flute and Hichiriki is a cross between the flageolet and piccolo.

Sho does not look like any Western instrument. Thirteen different pU>es ranging up to a foot long cluster around a barrel. When the player blows into the barrel sho sounds like several different clarinets and saxophones played togeUier.

In addition to three ancient drum-like affairs, the percussion section includes a big castenet-llke instrument and two huge drums more than six feet in diameter, surrounded by sjmibolic flames in relief with two dragons and two phoenixes each. The two large drums an used when the orchestra plajn court dance music.

So, a 13-string harp, and biwa, a six-string lute, form the string section. Like their Western coun- terparts, these instruments art plucked, hever sawed.

The court orchestra members perform in formal wecitals on an elevated, carpeted platform surrounded by red balusters.

The musicians, wearing brown medieval costumes and black headgears, play in a squatting position on the floor.

Normally three percussion players take the front row positions, followed by two harps on the right and two lutes on the left. Three flutes, three flageolets and three sho come bend the four strings.

A Year Of Erratic ImDrovement

Opinions In Brief

Thinking it over, all we need la for that peiMnml check Ui be got)d al two placee*. The City National and the Hale County State. What a chump for buying a credit card anyway! We cap get credit' already for moren we can pay foi," Plainvlew (Tex.) Dally Herald.

^

"What if every newapapcr in tbl.a country Would fire' every editor 'attacking adnilnl.HtraHve K)dles? How long would the 'finer .things* in our hie ron-tiuue it the pres.s and Ita editors did not con.statuly act as watchdog over publicly-elected 0I-cial.s?*The PubilslJers' Avizil-tary.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Fifty-nine will be a year of low. erratic economic Improvement, much bettew than 1958 on the whole, but without an explosive boom.

That statement is based on analysis of government and private data and a study of developing trends and special situations.

Some factors, of course, can upset any analysts. Sources of uncertainty in the year ahead are; (1> Khrushchev, (2) the course of labor relatloivs and (,3) the disposition of the new Congress.

Even if the Russians do not heat up the cold war and labor relations are only a little worse than they were in 1958, action by Congress can change any outlook for business.

Still unanswered Is the que.*-tlon whether the heavy Democratic majority will sweep aside Republican opposition and Presidential votes to enact a fresh program of welfare benefits and labor aid, or whether conservative Democrats will apply brakes to resurgent New Dealism. HELD INESCAPABLE

Some fresh welfare legislation seenui Inescapable. That's what the people seem to have voted for: lhats what organized labor Is demanding under threats of forming a new party, and that may be what is needed to win ior buy votes In tlte I960 l^esi-dentlgl election.

More welfgre legislation will mean more government spending aud more goverumcQt spend

ing must mean higher taxes or more inflation probably the latter. Inflation will create its usual aufa of better business, more the mad race to hedge wealth by converting it Into common stocks and real estate, and frantic demands for higher pay.

Assuming moderation on the ^ part of Khrushchev, labor and Congress, we may expect;

Nagging unemployment- Employment has recovered slower In 1958 than most other econ-mic factors. One reason Is that every wage increase makes labor-saving machinery that much cheaper, and that cuts job opportunities. Another reason is that employers have recovered from fear of labor shortages and are no longer hoarding labor, except with certain skills.

DRIVE FOR LESS WORK lialMir trouMea. Labor relations may be more than a little worse than in 1958. Continuing unemployment will add new fuel to demanls for a shorter workweek. Confidence in Congressional backing will make labor tougher on other fronts. The fact that the powers of the Federal government have not stopped Hoffa will inspire other labor bosses to emulate him. As a matter of fact, unless some grow tougher. Hoffa will take . over their baronies,

Tax rises. Congress, mindful of I960 elections, will try to hold the line, hut may be forced to fatten some levies On the otb-hand, states and local govern

ments will have to increase taxes. That doesn't even rate as a forecast; costs have gone up and these governments must increase levies or sell public property.

More gevernmental apendtag. In addition to increased state and local governmental spending, and more spending for welfare, there will be greater Federal outlays, largely for defense. The Elsenhower effort to check military spending is doomed to fail because Pentagon spenders will have allies In Congress strong enough to force fat appropriations.

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY

A boom in const me tiofi. This, too, is somewhat les., lhan a prediction. Business commitments already made assure a rise In construction activity, with a good chance that total Investment will top $80 billion for the first time. A large part of the rise will be due to governmental constiticUon Private home budding will rise and, if it lags, the new Congress can be counted on to stimulate it and aupple-ment it with more Federal housing. Highway expenditures are also rising..

Ante sale* (M-isk. The public is showing signs of accepting the new models and credit positions are iraproving to the point where many more families gri coming info a position to buy. However, It loesnt look like a e.OOO.OOOcar year by 500,000

Higher pricet. Wage pressures and coftUfiWBl Infle ties

mean higher prieee la moet sr eas, excepting for farm eommo* dities. However, while the pree-ent Administration has trted tp wean farmers from goverw-ment pap, the Democratic Coiv-gress may revierte this program and increase price supporta, stP fenlng food phcea.

, BUSY CASH REGISTERS

Higher retail aalw. The prea* ent rise in retail buying la likely to continue until the publie is again frightened (as H was in late 1957 and early 1988) bito saving a larger share its Rk come. However, part ef the list increase in dollar volume of sales will be due only to higher. inflated pricee.

Higher cerperate preHta. Tbaee have been lagging tfaia yaar but the tom has begun and unlaae labor dimcultica or a freah y-ceesion strikes, the trend should continue.

Higher perseaal lac eme. Thare is nothing in slgM to reversa the steady ilae that began to the early da:N of tha war. Part of it, ot coure, la toflation; but real Income alao has been rla-tnir steadily.

. With all these favontde ouh-looks, the queatkm naturmlly arisea, "Why ao boom then?"

TBI answcw Is that while 1898 will average better than 196t. there it no great factor, auch as > unfiUed demands for housing, autos. appUatices. ot no great new products. such aa television, air condiUonlng or home swimming pools, to IgAUa the fuse leading toiahM.