All quotation marks retained as data.
All end-of-line hyphens have been removed, and the trailing part of a word has been joined to the preceding line.
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[This text is machine generated and may contain errors.]
: ie a : plic&ted and difficult which has ever occurred."
i nizance of the liberation of Rome," he added:
Weather Forecast
moderate temperature tonight.
Fair,
| Slightly cooler tomorrow.
- Temperatures today-Highest, 178, . at
noon; lowest, 63, at 4:55 a.m. Yes-
terday-Highest, 72, at 5:45 p.m.; low=
est, 58, at 4:40 a.m.
"New York Markets, Page A-13.
Guide for Readers
Page. Page.
Finance
Obituary -
Radio
Society
Sports
Woman's Page. B-12
After Dark
Amusements _..B-20
Ecitorials
Edit'] Articles._.A-9
Lost and Found.A-3
at
An Associated
Press Newspaper
~ 92d YEAR. No, 36,560.
WASHINGTON,
Dy C, TORDAY. JUNE 6, Ga SHIRE AE PAGES.
City Home Delivery, Daily and Sunday
80c a Mo., When 5 Sundays, 90c
o CENTS.
Churchill Discloses
Record Fleet of 4,000
Ships Aiding Invasion
~ Tells Commons Liberation Is
Going 'According to Plan-
And What a Plan!"
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, June 6.-Prime Minister Churchill told a
cheering House of Commons today that the Allied liberating
assault on Hitler's European stronghold was "proceeding
according to plan-and what a plan!"
~~ In tones of confidence, he reported that the Allied
forces had been transported across the Channel to the
shores of France by '"'an immense armada" of 4,000 ships
with several thousand smaller craft-''probably the greatest
Reet ever assembled."
Mass air-borne landings also have been successfully
effected behind the enemy's lines, he eeid, x
- "Phere are already hopes that actual tactical surprise has
been attained," he continued, "and we hope to furnish the enemy
with a succession of surprises during the course of the fighting.
Landings on Beaches Are Proceeding.
"The battle which is now beginning will grow constantly in
scale and in intensity for many weeks to come and I shall not
attempt to speculate upon its course.
_."The landings on the beaches are proceeding at various 'points
at the present time," Mr. Churchill said.
"The fire of shore batteries has been largely quelled. a
"He said teat "obstacles which were constructed in the sea |
have not proved so difficult as was apprehended."
The Prime Minister said the American-British Allies are sus-
tained by about 11, 000 first-line aircraft, which can be drawn on
as needed. -
5 oe ee Pee ae 'gaia: "the pommariders who are engaged anak that
everyabing is proceeding according to plan. ?
"And what a plan!" he declared.
2 Most Complicated Operation Ever Atieinpted.
'Mr. 'Chur chill said the vast operation was "undoubtedly the most com-
'To cheers by Parliament members, Mr, Chprchill took "formal cog -
"American and other forces of the 5th Army proke through the
"enemy's: last line and entered Rome, where Allied troops have been re-
ceived with joy by the population.
: "This entry and liberation of Rome means that we shall have power
to defend it from hostile air attacks and deliver it from the famine
ith which it was threatened."
We Britain's war leader paid high tribute to both Gen. Harold Alex-
ander and Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark in Italy and said: "Complete unity
prevails throughout the Allied armies. * * * There is complete confidence
in the supreme commander, Gen. Eisenhower, and his lieutenants and
also. in the commander of the expeditionary force, Gen. Montgomery.
Hopes for Further Captures in Italy.
"th discussing the Italian campaign, where he said the Allied forces
"with the Americans in the van are driving ahead northward in relent-
less pursuit of the enemy," Mr. Churchill said it was hoped that the
20,000 prisoners already taken would he followed by further captures in
the near future.
Of the new European operations, Mr. Churchill said "this great new
front will be pursued with the utmost resolution, both by the commanders
and the United States and British governments whom they serve.'
Jn responce to a question he told Commons that certainly in the
early part of the battle he would endeavor to keep the House fully
informed.
"It may be that I shall ask their indulgence to press myself upon,
them before we rise tonight," he added,
Allies Lost 20,000 at Anzio.
'There was grim news as well as good in Mr, Churchill's address.
-In discussing the battle of the Anzio beachhead in Italy, which was
established last: January and held against heavy German counterattacks,
he said the Allies lost about 20,000 men, and the German 25,000.
But the Anzio' landing had in the end borne good fruit by forcing
Hitler to send south of Rome eight or nine divisions "which he might well
have needed elsewhere," he added.
"BULLETIN
Invasion Was Delayed 24 Hours
SUPREME HEADQUARTERS (#).-The Allied
landings in France were postponed 24 hours due to bad
weather, it was learned today. They were originally
- scheduled for yesterday morning.
Invasion Path Cleared | Petain Urges Frenchmen
By Minesweeper Fleet [To Ignore 'Outside Voices'
_ By the Associated Press. . By the Associated Press.
LONDON, June 6.-In the face of} LONDON, June 6--The Paris
: ircraft|radio today broadcast an appeal by
bide e . seta Pe voriee: wines Marshal Petain to Frenchmen to re-
@ gallant minesweeping force of
' _. | frain from actions 'which would call
10,000 British and Americans guid-|qown upon you tragic reprisals."
ed D-day's seaborne assault with) "France has become a battlefield,"
greatest mine- sweeping operation said the aged Vichy chief. The
in history.
circumstances of battle may compel
The great armada of little ships
the German Army to take special
measures in the battle area. Accept
-converted fishing trawlers, coal| this necessity."
burners which served in the last He called on officials, railwaymen
war, ships still on the secret list
and recently launched in British
and American yards-performed
their task on a huge scale. The
length of sweep wires used to tear
loose moored mines stretched near-
ly 70 miles in all.
With the sweepers steamed other
ships which dropped markers to
guide the invasion fleet through the
cleared seas.
The job had to be completed on
a time table, despite gunfire, at-
tacking aircraft and tricky tides.
Doggedly the little craft kept per-
fect formation to make sure the
swept lanes went straight to 'the
designated landing points.
-where they would serve the' Ger-
man military machine-"in order to
keep the life of the nation and in
order to carry out your tasks."
Blood Donor Center
Flooded With Offers,
Red Cross Reports
Today's invasion news caused
hundreds of Washingtonians to
telephone the American Red
Cross Blood Donor Center in
the Acacia Life Insurance Build-
ing (District 3300) and offer
their blood.
Capacity for the day, 500, was
quickly reached.
Mrs, Loretta J. Bickford, dt.
rector of the center, said that
where one telephone had been
ringing at intervals yesterday,
volunteer workers were taking
calls on four telephones today
as fast as they could be ac-
cepted. Mrs. Bickford coun-
seled citizens to be patient if
their appointments had to be
scheduled two or three days
ahead.
Brazil, Peru, Paraguay
Recognize Ecuador
BY the Associated Press.
QUITO, Ecuador, June 6.-Brazil,
Peru and Paraguay recognized the
new Ecuadorean government yester- /
day and Casar Coloma Silva, Under-
secretary of Foreign Affairs, said
communications received from other
nations assured similar action by
the hour of liberation had
and workers to remain at their posts|:
INVASION BOUND-American troops load landing craft with halttracks and ither drmnceel yehi�les "aust before heading for the
A. P. Wirephoto via Signal Corps Radio,
coast of France.
President roan
Prayer for Nation
As News Comes In
Washington -Is. Tense
But Confident as
Invasion Begins
Working in the silence of his
bedroom during the early morn-
ing hours while thousands of
American boys sailed against the |
gun-studded shores of France,
President Roosevelt today wrote
a prayer for. their victory-a
prayer in which he wants the
m tonight.
to sober medita-.
-curtained room,
Nation to join hj
ae afore he retire
tio in his blackou'
the President had received minute
reports from the War Department] |
on the progress of the invasion.|
They began coming to him at 11:30)
p.m. yesterday, or some four hours!
before the public learned the mo-
mentous news in a broadcast from
London at 3:32 a.m.
Alert and eager, but with a calm
confidence in victory, the Capital
received the long-awaited news that
come.
Comment made to The Star today
by high officials as well as the
"man in the street" indicated pent-
up relief that the great hour had
arrived. Many went to churches to
seek Divine aid for our troops. The
Red Cross blood donor center re-
ported a flood of calls. Bond buy-
ers increased their flow of money
into the coffers of war.
President Got News Early.
Details of how the.President re-
ceived news of the great military as-
sault, which has weighed on his
mind through many long months,
his secretary, Stephen T. Early.
Mr. Roosevelt, he said, went to his
bedroom last evening after deliver-
ing a Nation-wide broadcast on the
fall of Rome. Working behind cur-
tains which obscured the light in his
room to passersby on the street, the
President started writing his prayer
-a task that was continued on into
the early morning. .
Meanwhile, reports on the inva-
Sion began reaching the White
House by telephone from the Army's
nerve center in the nearby Pentagon
Building.
"He knew when the first barges
started across the Channel and he
knew when they landed," Mr. Early
said. "He knew of other Ran oa
in just as great detail. The Presi-
the world now knows wiih ade whe. in-
vasion."
Got Several Hours' Sleep.
Mr. Early said that the President,
although intent on invasion reports,
managed to get several hours of
sleep but was up early this morning:
The text of Mr. Roosevelt's prayer
will be released for publication later
in the day, Mr. Early added, so
that the public can be familiar with
it and join the President when he
delivers it over the ionger at 10
o'clock tonight.
Most. Washingtonians heard that
the first major blow for the libera-
tion of Europe had been struck from
were given the press early today by|:
ples, June 6.-Fifth Army forces
dent has known for some time what is
Lge Sse hag ar
�
Cherbourg |
Carteret
Caen e
LF Ral c
NORMAHO
'hein este ENGLAND ; % 7
si \ | Le Havre
Wie ae we Trouville
e
- Dunkerque
Calais - q
aR o
ut MILES =
While Allied headquarters 'did not specify exact locations of
7 laure. the German radio indicated major movements were in
the area of the Cherbourg Peninsula, the Le Havre area at the
mouth of the Seine, and in the region of Abbeville, at the mouth
of the Somme.
Flage indicate American, British and Canadian
forces which Gen, Eisenhower's command said were partipating.
-A, P. Wirephoto.
Nazi Resistance Weak
As 5th Army Drives
Steadily Beyond Rome
Enemy Divisions Still
In Flatlands Below City
In Desperate Straits
By the Associated Press.
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS, Na-
drove steadily beyond liberated
Rome today, some units plunging
as much as 5 miles out from the
historic Tiber River against what
was officially termed ''only weak
resistance."
"The battle to destroy the enemy
continues without es said a
communique.
Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark's troops
have crossed or reached the Tiber
all the way from Rome to the sea
and enemy divisions still in the
flatlands below the city are in des-
perate straits,
Armored Forces Fari Out.
In the coastal area alone well
over 2,000 Germans apparently will
be unable to scramble out of the
Allied net because all Tiber bridges
from Rome to the sea either have
been blown up or captured. t
In. still-jubilant Rome, however,
11 crossings remained intact and
the 5th Army poured across in a
constant stream to cnase the Ger-
mans fleeing northward in disorder.
Allied armored forces fanned out
over a wide area. Infantry also has
crossed the river in force and was
reported driving due west of Vat-
ican City. The only resistance any-
(See CAPITAL, Page A-6.)
(See ITALY, Page A-6.)
fell
11,000 Allied Planes
Aid Invasion Despite
Thick, Rolling Clouds
Absence of German
Resistance Stands Out
In Aerial Operations
By the Associated Press.
SUPREME HEADQUARTERS,
ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY
FORCE, June 6.-Through a roll-
ing ocean of clouds 5,000 feet
thick, Allied air forces threw
11,000 aircraft of almost every
type into the grand invasion of
Europe today, bombing and
strafing miles of Normandy's
beaches and flying inland to
break the enemy's era rie
tious 0.
Two things stood out in the air
operations launched in support of
the landings in Northern France.
The first was the mass of airplanes
the Allies. were able to put into the
sky in weather described as "just
Tear:
The. other was. the absence of
German resistance.
In a blasting herald to the in-
vasion, the British bomber com-
mand sent more than 1,300 of its
biggest ships roaring across the
Channel last night and early today
in the heaviest aerial attack ever
aimed at German batteries along
the French coast.
Ten attacks were executed be-
tween 11:30 p.m. and sunrise, each
with 100 or more bombers,
Other' British aircraft attacked
the Northwestern German railroad
city of Osnabruck without loss.
The stunning aerial bombardment
on the Normandy landing
beaches as the first phases of. the
| Alexander's tata:
the press department of the Foreign
co-ordinated: assault began.
Russians Understood
To Be Preparing Blow
At Reich From East
News of Long-Awaited
'Second Front' Invasion
Greeted With Glee
By the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, June 6 -Russian
armies were understood today to
be massing and preparing to per-
'form their part of the joint Al-|.
lied task of crushing Germany
with a blow from the east, com-
bined with ee Eisenhower's
invasion from f he west, and Geny
Peninsula.
The invasion of Nor thwest France
was the "second front" for which
the Russians had called for three
anxious years. "But the "second
front" already had ceased to be a
political issue here before Gen.
Bisenhower struck.
' The controversy amounted vir-
tually a crisis in 1942 when Premier
| Stalin called for a front in Western
Europe of "first-rate importance'
and urged the United States and
Great Britain to fulfill their obliga-
tions "fully and on time." The
"second front" talk died down after
the Teheran agreement on "the
scope and timing" of blows from
the east and west.
Russians who learned of the in-
vasion today literally danced with
glee.
Peter Smollett, head of the Rus-
sian department of the British Min-|
istry of Information, walked into
Commissarait at 12:30 p.m., holding
up his thumb, and announced:
"Theyre off." Then we went to
notify Soviet officials.
Maj. Gen. John R. Deane, chief
of the United States Military Mis-
sion, and Lt. Gen. Broacas Burrows,
British Military Mission head, pre-
pared a joint statement for the
Soviet press.
Nazi Economic Chief Taken
Back to Reich by Jap Sub
By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 6.-Dr. Hel-
muth Wohlthat, chairman of a Nazi
economic mission to Tokyo, has re-
turned to Germany aboard a Japa-
nese submarine with reports of
events that "unfavorably influenced
relations between Japan and Ger-
many," the Stockholm newspaper
Aftontidningen said in an article
reported to the Office of War In-
formation last night.
The article, quoting a Zurich cor-
respondent, said that while Wohl-
that was in Japan the Japanese had
closed offices of the German chem-
ical concern, I. G. Farbenindustrie,
and that "550 German businessmen
lost their trading licenses."
The Nazis were displeased: also
over Japan's continued supply of
wolfram to Russia despite German
protests and held that the Japa-
nese "did nothing" to stop the
"nearly 2,000,000 tons of shipping
that reached Vladivostok during re-
cent months," the newspaper said.
By WALTER McCALLUM.
Star War Correspondent.
WITH THE INVASION D-DAY
TASK FORCE, June 6.-Excitement,
anxiety, fear-the American soldier
knows none of these on the eve of
battle.
I stood on the
deck of a land-
ing craft the
night before
thousands of
young Americans
moved onto a.
beachhead in
Europe and.
watched them .
and their of- :
ficers and their :
emotions-or as :
much as they :
showed. Packed :
bumper to
bumper an the McCallum.
"all republics of the hemisphere." |
�
f
crammed deck were scores of ve-
ot
v
'leeived final
hicles scheduled today to move up
the beachhead into France.
Over us soared scores of small
barrage balloons, tethered to the
rails of so many ships packed 'so
closely in the little English river you
wondered there weren't serious col-
lisions, -
We had been Hacked 'since just
after dawn yesterday with men and
vehicles. On the docks other land-
ing craft were being loaded. All
types of weapons were moving onto
many kinds of craft, some of them
new to the war. They are the wea-
pons that today are cracking the
European west wall.
Primarily I was interested in see-
ing whether the men and their
officers were excited or worried.
Night before last we bivouaced
in a country lane, where we re-
loading instructions
from an. officer before we bedded
down in trucks and motor buses for
co
Yanks Showed No Fear as They Boarded Invasion Cratt
the final ride to our landing craft.
The men talked of everything but
the coming battle. -
A few of them burned letters. To-
day they needed no urging from
their sergeants to clean and polish
their equipment. Probably no rifles
ever went into action cleaner than
those on this ship. ~~
The men slept-in their vehicles
under improvised blanket shelters
as a warm English sun beat down.
They played cards with French
money issued before they left their
home areas. Each soldier had been
given the French equivalent of $4
_. |for spending cash. Some of them
won't have much to spend when it
has gone the inevitable soldier route
by cards or craps.
The foreign money startled the
men on the ship. They asked ques-
tions which no one answered. This
ship has been through the mill in
Sicily and Salerno, but she is lucky.
Shells made in Germany fell all
around her at both places, and
Jerry bombed her, but she wasn't
hit. She's big, but not too sturdy,
and they say the German E-boats
will be thick in the Channel, and
they're rough and tough. We'll
know about that later.
On the. well deck and on, the
lower deck, the GI's, most of them
untried in battle, show no sign of
combat nerves. They know they
are going into the toughest job any
army has tackled, that they'll be a
part of the greatest military show
in history, and that some of them
won't come back. But with the
fatalism of the soldier, they don't
think in terms of individual death.
No soldier believes a bullet carries
his number. Perhaps if he did there
wouldn't be wars.
The officers sit in the wardroom
st up the ItaHari }-
Defense Apparently
Less Effective Than
Leaders Anticipated
Penetrations Between Caen
And Isigny Acknowledged
In German Broadcasts
BULLETIN.
SUPREME HEADQUARTERS, ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY
FORCE (�)-German opposition in all quarters was less than |
expected it was learned at headquarters tonight, and an
optimistic tone was evident.
It was disclosed that Allied naval losses had been GRY,
very small." |
American warships, particularly one battleship, moved ~
close in to the French shore and, with the help of the air
forces, virtually silenced coastal guns at the landing beaches.
By the Assoviated Press.
SUPREME HEADQUARTERS ALLIED EXPEDITION:
ARY FORCE, June 6.-Allied troops landed on the Nor-
mandy coast of France in tremendous strength today and
stormed several miles inland with tanks and infantry in
the grand assault which Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower called
a crusade in which "we will accept nothing less than full
victory."
German broadcasts said the Allies penetrated aeraias
|Kilometers between Caen and Isigny, which are 35 miles
apart and respectively 9 and 2 miles from the sea.
German opposition apparently was less effective than ex-
pected, although fierce in many respects, and the Germans said
they were bringing reinforcements continuously up to the coast,
where "a battle for life or death is in progress."
The sea-borne troops, led by Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery,
surged across the Channel from England by 4,000 regular ships
and additional thousands of smaller craft.
They were preceded by massed flights of age aba and glider
forces who landed inland in the dark. -
Additional Landings Reported.
Eleven thousand planes supported the attack. :
The German radio said the landings were made from Cher-
bourg to Le Havre-a strip of coast roughly 100 miles long-and
later said additional landings were being made "west of Cher
bourg," indicating the Allies intended to seize the Normandy
Peninsula with its ports and airdromes as the first base of their
campaign to destroy the power of Nazi Germany.
The initial landings were made from 6 to 8:25 am. British time
(midnight to 2:25 am. E. W. T.). The Germans said subsequent landings
were made on the English Channel Isles of Jersey and Guernsey and that
invasion at new points on the continent was expected hourly.
Aside from confirming that Normandy was the general area of the
assault, supreme headquarters of the Allied expeditionary force was
silent concerning the locations for tactical reasons. |
All reports from the beachhead, meager though they were in specific
detail, agreed that the Allies had made good the great gamble of am-~
phibious landing against possibly the strongest fortified section of coast
in the world.
Troops Are Slashing Inland.
Reconnaissance pilots said the Allied troops had secured the beaches
and were slashing inland, some of them actually running in a swift
advance. The unofficial. word at headquarters confirmed this, while the
Vichy radio admitted the Allied drive inland was going right ahead.
More than 640 naval guns, ranging from 4 to 16 inch, hurled many |
tons of shells accurately into the coastal fortifications which the Germans
had spent four years preparing against this day.
'Allied planes preceded the landings with a steady 96-hour bombard-
ment which reached its pinnacle in the hour before the troops hit the
beaches.
The air attack was thrust home through cloud banks 5, 000 feet high,
The absence of German aerial opposition was remarked by nearly
all returning flyers and correspondents. The Germans are known to have
about 1,750 fighters and 500 bombers available for the western front, but
it was supposed that they had chosen not to risk them in an all- out first
day battle.
German naval opposition was confined to destroyers and motor
torpedo boats which headquarters said succinctly were being "dealt with."
The Germans, as expected, blared on their radios all sorts of claims of
vast. destruction done to Allied fleets and forces, but with no confirmation,
They claimed a furious sea battle had developed off Le Havre Sh ahi
Nazi motor torpedo boats and the invasion fleet,
Claim Sinking of Cruiser.
_ Another claim was that one Allied cruiser and a large landing vessel
carrying troops had been sunk 15 miles southeast of Cherbourg.
In one defiant gesture, some of the German cross-Channel guns
opened a sporadic fire on Dover during the afternoon,
Unconfirmed reports said Adolf Hitler was rushing to France to try
his intuition against the Allied operation. Presumably Field Marshals
Karl Gerd von Rundstedt and Erwin Rommel were directing the defenses
from their headquarters in France.
German accounts through Sweden admitted that steady streams of
Allied troops were continuing to land, particularly in the vicinity of
Arromanches, about midway between Le Havre and Barfleur, and that
tanks were ashore at several places. They said there was especially bitter
fighting at the mouths of the Orne and Vire Rivers,
The airborne troops' principal scenes of operations were placed
by the Germans at Caen and Barfleur. The Germans said the Am�rican
82d and 10lst Parachute Divisions had landed on the Normandy Penin-
sula, along with the American 28th and 100th Airborne Divisions, They
said the British lst and 6th Airborne Divisions were operating in the
Seine Bay area. The Germans complained that at some points dummy
parachutists were dropped, exploding on touch,
Counterattack by Nazis Reported.
A DNB report from Berlin said German forces launching a counters
attack knocked out a number of heavy Allied tanks at Asnelles in the
Seine Bay area alone by noon.
""Innumerable barriers on the beaches are rendering enemy land
ings extremely difficult," the German account declared.
"In the area east of Cherbourg massed German counterthrusts are
making good headway.
"Particularly strong landings were made at the small coastal place
of St. Vaast la Hougue.
"Heavy artillery duels developed between German coastal batteries
and Allied naval forces. Thereby one cruiser and a major landing craft
laden with troops and/ heavy arms were sunk by direct fire."
The broadcast added that flat landing boats penetrated the Orne
and Vire estuaries under artificial fog and "tried to carry out landing
operations on a major scale in the rear of the Atlantic wall."
The broadcast added that the Germans expected new landings in
the area of St. Malo, west of the Cherbough Peninsula,
First Communique Is Issued.
The German radio began broadcasting a constant stream of invasion
fraternizing with the Navy men,
flashes almost as soon as the first troops landed, and continued with
~ (see MCCALLUM, Page A-6.)
|
v
(See INVASION, Page A-7.)
- mostly, among themselves? ~ |
This reminded some one of a story
-. about a ski-tropper who is alleged
. to have said, "And the second thing
I am going to do; I am going to
A-2 * THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D.C.
TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1944,
Invasion Parafroops
Say Nazis Are Tough,
But 'We're Tougher'
'(What paratroopers thought
about on the eve of the invasion
is told by a correspondent who
was privileged to interview these -
fighters in England.)
By B. J. McQUAID, -
'War Correspondent of The Star and
_ Chicago Daily News. ee Hl
SOMEWHERE IN ENGLAND,
May 31 (Delayed) -I was permitted
today to "talk politics' with the
tough youngsters who will be raining
down inside Hitler's continental
perimeter. This paratroops group
was hand picked for my. benefit to
represent all geographical sections
of America and practically all racial
and national origins. |
It. would not be quite fair to say
its members were completely unin-
terested in the political, social and
economic questions currently. agitat-
ing the home front. They were
vehement, as American troops every-
where in the world seem to be, on
the subject of strikes in war pro-
duction plants. They declared
unanimously for some kind of long-
term police occupation of Germany
- to prevent that nation from ever
again building an army, navy, or air
force. ' ee
. They had a simple solution for
the Japanese problem: Obliterate
all Japanese. Though they thought
Gov. Dewey a "smart politician"
and admired his vote-getting capa-
bilities, they were without excep-
_ tion against changing horses in mid-
stream and thought Mr. Roosevelt
ought to be re-elected in appreci-
ation of the fine job he has done in
this war. 3
Believe Germans "Average."
Most of the group believed the
German soldier is just an "average
guy who is only doing what his
leaders tell him to do."
_ None of the paratroopers had ever
heard of the recent so-called "full
' employment" British White Paper.
None of them had heard Prime
Minister Churchill's latest speech
or read excerpts from it. Only one.
or two had heard about the mon-
etary conference, and they took
little interest in it. All had read
about the Montgomery Ward strike,
but they did not adopt toward it the
bitter attitude they did toward other
strikes and strikers. There was
general agreement the Government
should not have bothered with the
mail order business and was guilty
of "undemocratic" measures in
tossing out Sewell L. Avery, chair-
man of the board.
The paratroopers told me that at
no time during their training-
probably the most rigorous in the
world from a physical standpoint-
had they received anything which
might by any stretch of the imagi-
nation be termed political indoc-
trination.
What were they fighting for?
One of them said, while the rest
looked solemn, he was "fighting
for the United States, because it is
the greatest country in the world
and the most worth fighting for."
What was it they talked \about,
.
take off these blankety-blank skis."
pe Cite Their Gripes. :
'What was the second favorite
topic of paratrooper conversation?
~ This got them going, in contrast
with the half-heartedness which
characterized most of their political
expressions. |
"What kind of jobs will there be
for us after the war? Why should
officers. get $100 a month extra pay
for being paratroopers when enlisted
men get only $50? Ordinary ground
troops get extra pay while engaging
in active combat; well then, why
shouldn't paratroopers get extra pay
when they go into combat?"
(There was a lone dissenter
from this otherwise universal
- gripe, who said that all American:
soldiers were overpaid, anyhow,
and they ought to be glad to fight
for their country for nothing.) -
How did they feel about this sec-
end front? ' Nee
"The sooner the better," and "let's
get going and get it over with." |
On' the question of morale they
talked exactly as the marines talk
in the Pacific: "Sure, the German is
tough, but we're a lot tougher. We're
the best fighting outfit in the world.
Man for man, we can handle any-
thing there is. ,
"Our officers? They're the best
there are. Our commanding officer?
He's the fightingest commanding
officer in the Army. He goes any-.
where we go, and he goes in first."
Those words may seem boastful
in print, but the tone in which they
were spoken did not. .
(Copyright, 1944, Chicago Daily News, Inc.)
Andrew L. Gearhart, 78,
Retired Rail Worker, Dies
Andrew L. Gerhart, 78, former
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad em-
ploye, died of a heart attack yes-
terday at his home, 3311 Military
road N.W. ;
Mr. Gerhart came to Washington
in 1932 on his retirement from the
B. & O. Railroad dispatching
branch. During his 42 years' serv-
ice with the company he main-
tained his residence at Weverton,
"Mad. He was an active member of
the Chevy Chase Citizens' Associa-
tion and attended the Wesley
Methodist Church.
Funeral services will be held from
his home at 2:30 p.m. tomorrow.
The Rev. Clarence E. Wise, pastor
of Wesley Methodist Church, will
officiate. Burial. will be in Cedar
Hill Cemetery.
A native of Greencastle, Iowa, he
is survived by, his widow, Lulu B.
Gerhart; a daughter, Mrs. Hallie G.
Jackson, and granddaughter, Lucille
G. Jackson, Washington; a brother,
Oliver C. Gerhart, Long Branch,
N. J., and a sister, Mrs. Jennie Ford,
Funkstown, Md.
Brewster Aide Heads
Maine Society Here
Roy C. Haines, executive assistant
to Senator Brewster, Republican, of
Maine was elected president of the
Maine State Society last night at a
meeting at the Eastern Star Build-
ing, 2600 Sixteenth street N.W.
Miss Blanche Bernier, Skowhegan,
was elected first vice president;
Robert 5. Clark, Freeport, second
vice president; Mrs. L. A. D'Argy,
Lewiston, third vice president; Miss
Amy B. Adams, Patten, recording
secretary; Miss Juanita Ward, Lime-
stone, corresponding secretary, and
Miss Ruth Young, visi a ata
urer.
'|was under way.
As He Leads Unstaged Victory March Into Rome
By NEWBOLD NOYES, Jr.,
Star War Correspondent, -
ROME, June 4.-Brig. Gen.
Robert T. Frederick of 5801
Thirty-third street N.W., Wash-
ington, got his orders at 1:30
a.m. at the village of Finocchio.
- "Secure bridges over the Tiber
above 68 grid in the city."
"The city" was Rome, 12 miles
away.
Securing the bridges
tactical end. But to the layman,
the message meant that the gen-
eral, whose outfit spearheaded our
forces on Italy's important Highway
Six, had been given the job of tak-}
ing the Eternal City. If he suc-
ceeded, it would be the first time
in history that Rome had been tak-
en from the south. The general
made his plans. He could not afford}
to conimit at once his entire force.| .
He would make the try with 20,
tanks from the First Armored Di-
vision, eight scout cars and 150 in-
fantry of his special Canadian-
American formation. In addition to
fighting troops, five jeep loads of
correspondents were included in the
general's task force.
Expediticia Forms.
Gen, Frederick was in good spirits
as the expedition formed in the
fields outside Finocchio. He was
nattily attired in an olive combat
uniform, a white silk scarf and a
shiny black moustache. A few min-
utes before, a bloodred moon had
set behind Rome, which might bode
well for the day. He neither looked
nor acted like a man whose com-
mand post had been repeatedly
bombed and strafed during the
night. He remarked that he had
not slept and that he felt fine.
'I'm not tired at all," he said.
"This is like Christmas eve, when
you don't want to go to bed at all."
Chatting with correspondents, he
told them of his two daughters,
June, 13, and Anne, 9, now living
with their mother in Washington.
He said he had formulated no
specific plan for the day's under-
taking, because he had no idea
what sort of opposition he would
encounter.
Sees "Long Gamble."
He said, "This is a long gamble.
We will just go out there and see
what happens. Probably I will have
to hold a conference with Kessel-
ring at the city limits to decide
what will be done."
Asked by the correspondents
whether, on receiving the order, he
had said anything to his troops
like "Damn the torpedoes, full speed
ahead" or "Don't give up the
ship," he said, "Hell, no, I didn't
have time, and anyway you don't
have to say stuff like that to these
boys." \
As the general was talking, the
tanks, doubly grim in the half light
of dawn, were warming up their}
motors and beginning to move
about in the field. The boys of
the infantry had already started
up the road.
"A cup of hot coffee sure would
gO good now," said one heavily
stubbled corporal, who was limping.
Every man in the line looked as
though he agreed with the corporal.
But each wore a long blue ribbon
stuck jauntily in the camoufiage net
on his helmet, and somehow that}
seemed to make things better.
And then the tanks began to move|
out onto the road, and the parade
Straight down
Highway Six they went, knowing
well that they were already well
out in front of the rest of our
troops, and that the enemy was
all around them. Some of the in-
fantry rode on the tanks, crouched
behind the turret. Several times
Sniper fire crackled at them. from
the fields and the men stood. up and
fired back with rifles and tommy
guns from the moving tanks. Once,
when the fire around them was
particularly heavy, the tanks waited
until the rest of the infantry caught
up. The ground soldiers fanned out
through the fields on either side,
cleaning up the opposition. And
the column pushed ahead more than
once. Enemy vehicles ran into the
task force as they emerged from side
|roads, surrendering in amazement.
They were sent to the rear in their
own transport under very - dlight
was the
x
BRIG. GEN. ROBERT T.
FREDERICK.
-A.P, Photo.
guard, for the general could not
waste men in the escorting of
prisoners. His mission was else-
where,
German Guns Open Up.
The leading tank passed a road
sign which said in Italian that this
was the city limit of Rome. A mo-
ment later it crossed the crest of
hill, There was the flat crack of
an antitank gum, followed in close
succession by sickening swishing
whistle and a blasting crunch that
felt as bad in the pit of your stom-
ach as it sounded in your ears. A
moment later the lead tank was
ablaze, its paint blistering while its
ammunition exploded inside it.
'|Marshal Kesselring had begun his
conference with Gen. Frederick.
Wheeling clumsily in the road, the
tanks took to the fields where they
spread out and waited. They had
not long to wait. In a constant
stream, one neatly spaced after the
other, the shells came in. The in-
fantry cursed and took cover in the
ditch and behind houses along the
road. Gen. Frederick's thigh was
grazed by a shell fragment which
tore a hole in his natty combat
trousers. He took them off to in-
spect the damage, revealing a spot
where the skin had been scraped but
not broken. ;
"That's Not Very Close."
"Hell," he said, "that's not very
close.' Then he put his pants back
on and began doing a little con-
ferring himself. .
Reconnaissance revealed that the
task force was now opposed by a
force consisting of two or three
antitank guns, three or four tanks
and about 300 infantrymen well dug
in and armed with machine guns.
Here was a delaying action with no
Horatius at The Bridge heroics. Ob-
viously, the. Germans meant busi-
ness.
Throughout the morning, the task
force was pinned down. The men
began to realize their importance
when Gen. Clark himself appeared
and conferred by the roadside with
Gen. Frederick. Not all of them,|
however, were overawed by the/
sight of the Army Commander. One
grinned and shook his head as Gen,
Clark 'walked back to his jeep.|
"That's the way to fight a. war,"
he sald-'with er ases. in your
To ipsa 4 eae ae { ee BEE , ;
| Column Must 'Advance. __
t all cost the column must ad-=
vance to the completion of its mis-
sion, but Gen. Frederick did not
wish the cost in blood to be higher
to his men than need be. He dis-
carded a. plan calling for a frontal}
assault on the superior force be-
fore them. Instead he did what
Kesselring could not be-he called
up reinforcements.
The task force, heavily augmented
with additional men and tanks,
smashed the barrier an hour later,
and the way to Rome. was open.
From that moment, as I see it,
Gen. Frederick's work was done.
The actual occupation of the city
did. not appear to be a planned
military operation-it looked more
like a bunch of people going where
they wanted to get. At the same
time other units than those in the
task force appeared in the city.
There was even a unit which
claimed to have had a patrol in
| The me
Venezia.
Rome during the morning. It may
well be. Cities are not occcupied
according to rigid., schedules and
plans. | Bo
A few of the tanks and some
infantry were filtering into the city
by 2:30 p.m. The Allied wave, lit-
tle more than a ripple as yet, rolled
slowly into the suburbs. A haze
of blue smoke bit a steadily widen-
ing are into the city as they began
tc fan out through the streets, for
the Germans were still fighting.
Snipers Occupy Houses,
In the suburb of Torpignattara,
the advance was held up for a while.
German snipers occupied two houses
on either side of the main street,
their machine pistols spurting every
time one of our men showed him-
self. On a side street further back,
our tanks were still drawing fire
from enemy antitank and _ "self-
propelled guns.
As soon as our boys came into
the city, the populace ran wild, wel-
coming us and acting as though
they themselves were magically im-
mune to bullets. Many of them
were hurt-a few were killed.
But the people of Rome today
were on the giving as well as the
receiving end. Wearing red arm
bands, many of which were marked
with .the hammer and sickle, they
formed Partisan gangs and hunted
the Germans on their own, armed
with rifles and hand grenades.
Leaders of these groups said that
the Partisans had seized control of
the city's public utilities, obedient
to Gen. Alexander's leafiet instruc-
tions that citizens of Rome take
steps to safeguard the city's light-
ing, gas and water systems.
Troops Move Into City.
The troops came 'into the city
and the wave swept forward. It
way, behind the tanks, through the
old Roman wall at the Porta Mag-
giore and had entered the city
proper that the real drama of their
triumphal march began.
The Germans had broken a sec-
tion of the water main ufder the
Via Porta Maggiore, and the street
was ankle deep in water. Down
the center roared the tanks. Flank-
ing them in two columns went the
infantry, dragging with weariness
but with faces full of embarrassed
pride. For beyond them, banked to
the buildings, on both sides and con-
stantly surging in toward the middle
of the street, were the people of
Rome-laughing, weeping; cheering,
clapping, waving Italian flags, fight-
ing to grip the hands of the boys
from across the sea, kissing them,
mauling them, screaming "Viva'-
tg and deliriously uncontrol-
able. : | .
The boys took it well, blushing
deeply. They swung through the
Piazza Victor Emmanuele II with
the sunset deep red over the trees
ahead of them. On they went, while
children hung from the windows the
better to see and applaud the con-
querors, and young girls left their
families to walk with them arm in
_-Unstaged Victory March: _
It was an unstaged victory march,
the thrill of which could have been
duplicated in no "canned" show:
Everybody knew that there were stil]
Germans in the city who might show
gave a dain. |
like *kids ;
were riding on our tanks when the
of Italy, just above the Piazza
man reconnaissance
car dashed
The people scattered like leaves in
the wind. There were four crashing
concussions as the tanks fired back.
Then there were a shattered Ger-
man reconnaissance car and three
dead Germans. The wave rolled on
again.
Down in the Piazza Venezia, half
an hour later, the moon was com-
ing up. It was here that Mussolini
used to address screaming crowds,
Tonight it�was deserted. The parade
had not. yet reached that point, The
Victor Emmanuel monument was
ghostly white in the moonlight, and
one of our combat patrols stalked
in its shadow. | 7
Assault on Atlantic Wall Led
By Specially Trained Doughboys
The following official story was
released by the War Department -
today on the invasion of Europe:
HEADQUARTERS EUROPEAN
THEATER OPERATIONS, June 6.
-Some of the bravest soldiers in
the United States Army-it was a
job only for the brave-made the
initial land attack on the fortress
of Europe by knocking out pill boxes
and other fortifications of the At-
lantic wall. : i Pepesaitit
Assault tactics, perfected in North
Africa, Sicily and Italy, were drilled
into troops in Great Britain for
months before the actual invasion,
Special training was given infantry
units which were: designated for th
spearhead of the attack. 7
The assault on concrete emplace-
ments is one of the most exciting
and dangerous operations of mod-.
ern war. It looks impossible, but
it isn't, as American doughboys
have proved. The key to success is
plain, old-fashioned . fortitude.
Originally the reduction of for-
tifications was. considered a job for
engineers. However, after some ex-
periences it became apparent that
it would be more effective to train
infantry with special engineer
weapons and this was the tech-
nique used in Europe.
The preparation is provided by
artillery, by naval guns, by air bom-
bardment and by waterproofed
tanks firing hull-down in the water.
There are' 30 men in an assault
section-29 enlisted men and one
Officer. This is the capacity of the
assault boats, and it is also the
most convenient size for attacking
a Single pillbox.
It is the job of the first men
ashore to locate land mines, and
mark safe lanes with special tracing
strips.
As part of this operation, barbed
wire must be cut, and American sol-
diers have a wonderful weapon for
this purpose. It is the bangalore
torpedo, which blows a wide swath
through the wire.
Then the other members of the
team follow through the wire, and
move up the beach.
One of the most dramatic actions
of the assault is carried out by the
rocket gunners, firing the famous
bazookas. Their mission is to at-
tack the pillbox apertures to silence
enemy fire, and the accuracy of
American rocket gunners is re-
markable. | ; ; 4
The climax of the entire opera-
'|tion is played by the soldier with.
the flame thrower and the man with
; the demolition charge.
As soon as one pillbox blows, the
entire section moves forward for
another attack. During a landing
operation these tactics are repeated
by many squads along a consider-
jable front-there will be at least
one division in line, and probably
more,
Yank Chutists Fill
Skies Over France
By the Associated Press. at
.A UNITED STATES FIGHTER
BASE IN BRITAIN, June 6.-In the
dawn dozens of American transport} 4
planes and gliders carrying para-
chute and air-borne troops flew
from British bases toward the
French Coast. It was about 5 a.m.
(11 p.m. Monday, Eastern War
Time.)
a :
"They're going over as thick as
flies," said an American fighter pilot
just before he, too, flew off on a
different assignment-patroling the
French Coast to protect Allied land,
sea and air operations.
"The sky was black with them as
they headed for France above
scattered clouds," Lt. Ralph Santa-
bolt pilot reported.
"Big red flares and flashes" were
spotted in the distance by Lt.
Duane Bunce, Minneapolis, Minn.,
who figured they came from shell-
ings 'on the French coast.
Squadrons of fighter pilots pa-
troled the French Coast in endless
relays to "run interference" for the
big bombers- RAF Halifaxes and
Whitneys and United States Liber-
ators-which were searching for
Nazi submarines off shore to keep
craft. ;
"We were acting as a buffer," Lt.
Thomas Hamilton, Miami, Fla., a
fighter pilot, said. "But we didn't
see a thing except bad weather.
don't think the Huns could get off
the ground. If they had there would
have been a_ general rat-rage
through the clouds for there was a
| ways, even for self-propelled barges.
siero, Bellerose, N. Y., a Thunder-| | :
the Channel open for Allied naval
1
Troops Land From Ships
On Pontoon 'Bridges'
By the Associated Press,
One of the Navy's latest develop-
ments in amphibious operations is
playing a big part in troop landings
on the French coast today.
It is the new Seabee-manned pon-
toon being used for construction of
"bridges" leading from invasion
craft over the last few hundred
yards to the beaches.
Radically changed from the con-
ventional pontoons of the past, the
new type consists of prefabricated
hollow boxes of light, welded steel.
They are adapted to fitting together
like. toy construction sets and may
be used for bridges, docks, cause-
was after they had pushed their |
|
fight at. cn scans A Nat nohody |=
.- A PROUD TITLE
OLUMBIA is a
* symbol to
Americans of their
democratic rights and
unity ....� To "Co-
-. lumbia" we added
the "Federal" mean-
ing of government
insurance of savings
here, and the Federal
supervision of our
over-all business that
is its own guarantee
to borrowers or savers
here. Finance your
home loan at
Savings & Loan
Association
716 11th St. N.W. NA. 6543 -
thick overcast up to 7,000 feet."
|
4
cole House Republicans
Gen. Frederick Grazed by Nazi Shell Fragment
Demand 'Full Story' of
Pearl Harbor Atfack
By the Associated Press. eg
Shouting denunciations of high
figures from the President down,
House Republicans yesterday de-
manded "the full story" of the Pearl
Harbor attack, charged that the
Roberts Commission which investi-
gated had two reports-''one secret"
-and that the conclusions of the
one made public did not fit the
testimony.
On top of that, Representative
Maas, Republican, of Minnesdta,
ranking minority member of the
Naval Affairs Committee, asserted
that his group had been denied ac-
cess to the original testimony ob-
tained by the Investigating Com-
mission head by Supreme Couirt
Justice Owen J. Roberts.
Claim Responsibility Hidden.
All this, 'the Republicans said,
added up to an effort to "cloak the
true responsibility." '
vA dozen members onthe minority
side joined in the series of acri-
monious comments during debate on
a resolution.to extend for one year
the statute of limitations so that
any one derelict in his duty at Pearl
Harbor December 7, 1941, eventually
could be court-martialed. .
Earlier the Senate adopted a sim-
ilar resolution over the protest of
Senator Clark, Democrat, of Mis-
souri, who insisted on an immediate
trial for Admiral Husband E. Kim-
mel and Maj. Gen. Walter C. Short.
House Republicans and Democrats
joined in a_ two-fisted argument
about the political possibilities. Rep-
resentative Clark, Democrat, of
North Carolina touched it off when
he said there were some more in-
terested in getting President Roose-
velt out of the White House than
they are getting Hitler out of Ber-
lin.
Remarks Called Untrue.
Representative Fish, Republican,
of New York replied that such re#
marks create disunity besides being
"unfair and untrue" and that the
soldiers and sailors fighting the war
"are Republicans and Democrats."
Spectators applauded when Rep-
resentative Short, Republican, of
Missouri, sponsor of the extension,
declared that "some people may for-
get Pearl Harbor, but the mothers
and fathers and uncles and aunts.
of the boys who died there aren't
going to forget it."
Majority Leader McCormack as-
serted the Congress should avoid
"emotions" that could interfere with
the war effort. Be
~ "Let the chips' fall where they
may,' Mr, Short retorted.
Two Woman Marines Die
After Cherry Point Fire
By the Associated Press. .
NORFOLK, Va., June 6-The
death toll in a training building
fire Saturday at the Cherry Point
(N. C.) Marine Corps Air Station
was raised to five today with the
announcement of the deaths of two
woman marines. .
The 5th Naval District..public re-
lations office here listed the two
women as Second Lt. Mary R, Palo-.
witch, Johnstown, Pa., and. Pvt.
Germaine C. Laville, Plaquemine,
ha, It had previously announced
that three persons lost their lives
Inthe fire. q . ee ome
_and women of Rome,|@-
at an amusement park,|@
head of the column passed the Bank!
It was then that a Ger-|f
around the corner and fired up:
the street, damaging the lead tank. i
Wats
�
On the Roll of Honor
One District man has been listed
as killed in action and three others
are missing in action, their families
disclosed today. -
First Lt. Stan Kennon, 28, who
was shot down in a Flying Fortress
near Regensburg, Germany, a year
ago and was re-
ported missing, ;
has been de-
clared officially
dead, the War
Department has
informed his
mother, Mrs.
Jennie N. Walk-
er, of 236 Wal-
nut street N.W.
Lt. Kennon, a
feature writer
for the Rich-
mond (Va.)
News - Leader,
whose work
twice won State Lt. Kennon,
Press Association awards before he
entered the service, was a graduate
of the University of Maryland and
well known on the campus. He was
a staff member of the school news-
paper, the Diamondback, specializ-
ing in sports, while a student.
The young officer enlisted in the
Army Air Force November 7, 1941,
and was sent overseas in February,
1943,
Marked Anniversary.
Last month parents and relatives
of the crew of the Flying Fortress,
"Annie Oakley," on which Lt. Ken-
non was bombardier, met here to
comm e morate
the first anni-
versary of the
plane's loss.
Staff Sergt.
William Calvert
Hazel, ir.,. 21;
aerial gunner on
a B-24 Liberator
bomber, has
been reported
missing in ac-
tion over Italy |
since May 19, 3
according to @
word received 3am Be
by his parents, 7
Mr. and Mrs, Serst. W. C. Hazel, Jr.
William C. Hazel, 4550 MacArthur
boulevard N.W.
A native Washingtonian, Sergt.
Hazel is a graduate of Western High
Flight Here Sets
New Record
From Hawaii
By the Associated Press, :
A Navy transport plane bringing
Vice Admiral John H. Towers,
deputy commander in chief of the
Pacific fleet, to Washington has set
a new record for transport flights
between Pearl. Harbor and the
Capital.
The Navy said yesterday the
plane, described as a transport ver-
sion of a 4-engine plane used for
long = range, over - water _search,
made the 4,959-mile flight in 26%
hours, of which 25 were in the dir.
Only one stop was made, at Albu-
querque, N. Mex, after winging
3,295 miles from Hawaii.
The Navy said Admiral Powers
came to Washington for a visit.
| Germany
| dia
D.C. Man Listed as Killed
In Action, Three Others Missing
School. He attended Wilson Teach-
ers' College, and prior to entering
the service in January, 1943, was
employed at the Bureau of Stand-
ards. ; :
In his last letter home written
Just six days before he was listed
as missing, the young aerial gun-
ner wrote that he had passed "the
half-way mark in number of mis-
sions" and had just been awarded
the Air Medal.
Fiancee Lives Here.
His fiancee, Miss Edith Pegg, lives
at 3016 R street N.W.
Lt. Jack Rosey, 23, son: of Mr.
and Mrs. Sam Rosey, 2939 Twenty-
eighth street N.W., has been. re-
ported missing |
in action _ over
since
May 19.
Bombardier on
a B-24 Libera-
tor Bomber
based in Eng-
land, Lt. Rosey
had been over-
seas since April.
He left George
Washington
University to en-
ter the _ service
in 1940, and re- =
ceived his bom- ~
bardier wings at
Ellington Field, Tex.
His wife, Mrs. Marie Rosey, and
their 5-month-old daughter, whom
he has never seen, reside in Balti-
more, ;
Lt. John Crittenden Watson, Roy-
al Canadian Naval Reserve, missing
at sea, his mother, Mrs. J. J. C. Wat-
son, 3800 Fourteenth street N.W.,
has been notified.
Lt. Watson, 25, was returning
from England recently as passenger
aboard the Royal Canadian ship,
Valley Field, when it was torpedoed
and sunk. Five of the ship's com-
plement were listed as dead, 121
missing and 38 were rescued.
Native of Nova Scotia.
A native of Yarmouth, Nova
Scotia, Lt. Watson was graduated
from Central High School here and
attended Columbian Preparatory
School. After graduation from Aca-
University, Wolfville, Nova
Scotia, and from McGill University,
Montreal, he was employed by the
Combustion Engineering Corp. of
Lt. Rosey,
Canada, Ltd., until he joined the
RCNR.
Lt. Watson is the son of John J.
Crittenden Watson, who died in
1932 while American consul at Dun-
dee, Scotland; and the grandson of
the late rear Admiral J. C. Watson,
who served in the Civil War and
the War with Spain. Lt. Watson
was member of the Boy Scouts in
Washington. ae
His mother is employed in the
Office of Strategic Service and his
sister, Miss Joan A. Watson, works
at the Aluminum Co. of America
office in Washington. Lt. Watson's
wife lives in Quebec.
Note to Stamp Collectors _
ROME, Ga.,. June 6 (�).-Presi-
dent Roosevelt and other stamp col-
lectors take note: Postmaster W. E.
Wimberley of Rome, Ga., mailed 18
covers y�sterday to philatelists who
wanted the date of the fall of Rome,
Italy, on their letters.
95
White Buck
TRI-WEARS
Punched with dozens and
dozens of tiny portholes!
Your job and your comfort call for cool-
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*3103 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Va.
"Open Evenings
Gillette Wins Easily.
In lowa Primaries;
Gilchrist Defeated
By. the Associated Press. iene ih el
DES MOINES, June 6.-Senator
Gillette, who had to overcome ad-
ministration. opposition six 'years
ago, won the Democratic nomina-
tion in easy fashion in Iowa's pri-
mary election yesterday, but Rep=
resentative Gilchrist, one of eight
Republican members of Congress
seeking re-election, was defeated in
his bid for an. eighth term.
_ Gov, B. B. Hickenlooper had no
opposition for the Republican sena-
torial. nomination and the other
seven GOP members of Congress
were renominated, although four of
them were unopposed.
Henry W. Burma of Allison con-
ceded the Republican nomination
for Governor to Lt. Gov. Robert D,
Blue of East Grove.
The primary vote was one of the
smallest in the State's history.
Senator Gillette, who refused to
run until-a few days before the fil-
ing deadline, defeated Ernest J. See-
mann, Waterloo factory worker
making his fifth attempt to get to
Washington. After deciding to run,
Senator Gillette received a 'Dear
Guy" letter from Mr. Roosevelt con-
gratulating him.
Returns from 2,153 of 2,463 pre-
cincts in the State gave Senator
Gillette 32,616 and Mr. Seemann
7,319.
Returns from 281 of 350 6th Dis-
trict precincts gave James I: Dol-
liver, Fort Dodge attorney and for�
mer State American Legion com-
mander, 8,834 votes to 8,090 for Mr.
Gilchrist, who has been Representa�
tive for 14 consecutive years.
Lt. Gov. Blue's Democratic op-
ponent in the November election will
be Richard F. Mitchell of Fort
Dodge, former State Supreme Court
justice and former Democratic na-
tional committeeman, who was un�
opposed in the primary.
Henry O. Talle of Decorah, Re-
publican House member seeking re-
nomination from the 2d _ District,
was behind twice in the early
returns, but finally defeated Mu-�
nicipal Court Judge W. A. McCule
lough of Clinton.
Thomas E. Martin of Iowa City,
incumbent, defeated Harry B.
Thompson of Muscatine in the
Ist District Republican Congress.
race and Representative Lecqmpte
of Corydon won renomination over
Ross R. Mowry of Newton.
McCormick Asks Court
To Vacate Adoptions
By the Associated Press.
MIDDLETOWN, Conn., June 6.-
Probate Judge Leonard O. Ryan said
yesterday he had received two. pe-
titions from counsel for Fowler Mc-
Cormick of Chicago asking that the.
adoption of two foster children of
Muriel McCormick Hubbard by a
friend be vacated by the court,
The petitions were filed by Hugh
M. Alcorn, sr., of Hartford, the
Chicago industrialist's lawyer.
On May 12 wealthy Mrs. Hubbard,
Mr. McCormick's sister, relinquished
custody of Elisha Dyer Hubbard, 7,
and Edith R. Hubbard, 11, her two
foster children, to Dr. Frances M.
Clarke of Durham, a friend, three
days before a scheduled Probate
Court hearing on a petition brought
by the president of the Internationa] �
Harvester Co, | hea hay oka
In Genuine White Buck
and Fime Tan Calf
Casualties Are Light
Tn Atlantic Sinking
Of Escort Carrier |
By the Asdociated Press.
_ Sinking of the escort carrier Block
Island in' the Atlantic by enemy
action was announced late yester-
day by the Navy Department. It
was the second vessel of its type
and the 158th Navy ship of any class
to be lost in the war.
'The. Navy Department vatnnted
that casualties in the Block Island
sinking were "light" and that the
next of kin of those lost: had been
notified. The sinking occurred dur-
ing May. The Navy did not specify
in what manner-whether by sub-
marine, air attack or mines. ~~.
Commander of the Block Island,
presumably on duty protecting a
convoy at the time of its loss, was
Capt. Francis M. Hughes, Selma,
Ala., a native of Charlottesville, Va.
The Block Island was 'launched
June 6, 1942. Escort carriers of this
type usually are converted mer-
chant vessels, made by superimpos-
'ing a flight deck on a conventional
hull. A similar type of ship, the
- Liscome Bay, was lost during action
in the Gilbert Islands in the Pa-
cific last November.
Since the outbreak of the war the|
United States Navy has lost one
battleship, the Arizona; six heavy
cruisers, three light cruisers, 41 de-
stroyers, 23 submarines and 77 mis-
cellaneous craft.
'Communique I'
Gives First News
On Invasion
Eisenhower Aide
Reads Message to
'Press and Radio
By the Associated Press.
A dramatic. 10-second interval
preceded the official announcement
today that the invasion had begun.
Over a trans-Atlantic radio-tele-
phone hookup direct from Supreme
'Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary
Force, to all major. press services
and broadcasting networks in the
United States came the voice of
Col, R. Ernest Dupuy, Gen. Eisen-
_hower's public relations officer.
"This - is Supreme Headquarters,
Allied Expeditionary Force," Col.
Dupuy said. "The text of com-
munique No. 1 will be released to
the press and radio of the United
Nations in 10 seconds."
Then the seconds were counted off
-one, two, three ... and finally 10.
"Under the command of Gen.
Eisenhower," slowly read Col. Dupuy,
"Allied naval forces, supported by
strong air forces, began landing Al-
lied armies this morning on the
northern coast of France."
'Thus, officially, the world was told
the news which it had been awaiting
for months. -
Col. Dupuy began. reading in Brit-
gin at exactly 7:32 a.m., Greenwich
meridian time (3:32 a.m. Eastern
war time). He read the 26-word
communique twice.
The American news services and|
broadcasting chains had been .ad-
vised some 15 minutes before that an
important announcement was forth-
+ coming. . EarliereGerman broadcasis}|
of Allied landings | indicated what
Masur the announcement would be. 1
pms to
sa LOST.
; BAG black, petit point, containing dark
glasses, compact, cigarette lighter, small
amount of money: lost Saturday night,
June 3, at Army and Navy Club;
ipa ig ag ot to Lost and Found Dept.,
ayflower
BAR PIN, gold, onyx. with spray_of pearls;
at Kann's. June 2; reward. MI. 5600,
Apt. 32
BRACELET, : gold plated; name, 'Marianne
Renborg, ang inscriptions ye Cia a
Phone OR.
2400 ge ek
and sp a and inder
will Die eee return to oat. Tower a ae
nd receive rew
CAMERA, 35 mm. AR: black case, "ini-
ials G. Reward. Call SH. 7571.
aD S ROAT (tweed), found in Judiciary
Square, 5th and E sts. n.w., late Sunday
afternoon. Owner may have by identify-
ing. Phone RE. 3811
COAT. man's, brown: between 32nd and M
n.w. and 18th and Florida ave.:
Return Bernstein Drug Store,
18th and Fla. ave
DOG, Boston buli, no tag,
a pa Spe gente to Chips:
G st. s.w.:
GLASSES, ola: ijndmed: octagon; bet. Y.
. A. and 1100 blk. Conn,. ave.;: reward.
a hy
DU. ")9
HANDBAG, black zipper, initialed "S: L.
a aap rage s ore on H-4 bus, Lib-
eral rewar j es
HUB CAP, Studebaker 1939 ''President"';
10st oT WATCH. | salle rd. ON. ht? 8m.
A ' sm r �
Gien Echo Park, Sunday aiternoon.
. Call Lincoln 4461
SCARF, 5 skins, cascade fashion;
Capitol Fur Shop label; at Little
Tea OF sce Art, Mais Or State OS aie gae
et Church. Va., Sun., June 4, bet. 3 30
ad 5 p.m,; reward. Phone CH. ' See 7*
PIN, rose gold, lapel spray.- with white
atone. erie in downtown area. WA. oU8 (
POCK OOK, multicolored corde; lost
this ecaihctepin ig 13th and 14th on Ken-
nedy: contained ration books, billfold, per-
mit, etc. Reward. GE. 4814. SL. 0336.
PURSE, lady's, black, on midnizht excur-
sion Sat. mish ery money, please return
purse. Call Y has
PURSE, Piack alent and leather, contain-
ing war rhe tg Lie ayer pen and
oney; rewar orth 5:
ROW ARD for Yeturn of 2 paper-pound
collections of typed manuscripts and pen-
ketches; lost Sunday, vicinity Yacht
Maine ave. and H sts. s.w. E
ext. 74847, Ariel McNinch.
SE, black, near Union Station, con-
taining woman's and baby's wearing ap-
parel, Magee hehe and ration books. Reward.
Decatur 02 Mrs. F. M. Zuch. 6*
TYPEWR. RITER, Tadetwond portable, at
ee ; Kirby st. n.w., June 2.
Reward. R*
Call CO. 7192.
� containing cash, Personal and
identification effects and cleaning tickets:
lost in vicinity of 18th and Penna. n.w.
Will reward finder. Call RE. 7400, Ext.
ES or EM. 8279. ae sone
ALLET. brown. leather, containing "B
pabin ta ih ration book No. 3676980-99. If
found please notify J. W. Bracken, jr., 1309
Linden lane, Silver Spring, Md.
WATCH, lady's, tiny Bulova; lost Sunday,
hed Pt 12th. ee Pennsylvania and 9th
s
WATCH, lady's, #018, Gruen;
17th and Eye ; reward. :
ae lady's. ah Elgin, initialed Os.
Cc. vic. Willard Hotel. O'Donnell's,
Reward. RE. 7400,
white ring
return 38
lost ibaa hy
N 117
Scott $ Hotel or taxi.
9100.
eter a,
. Sa AT Eee
WRIST WATCH, lady's, Banton initialed
ihe WES lost May 29. Please
initials P.
8*.
initials
RE.
Pub: 30.
with black strap:
probably vicinity of ae and Nebraska
aves.: reward.
WRIST WATCH, lady' s. * Bulova, ety
gold, initials om band: reward. RA. 233%
oes
WRIST WATCH, lady's, gold, Longine; lost
near vic. Mt. Pleasant: reward. Call
NO. 9205
WRIST WATCH, Elgin, small, white gold
with leather band; lost at mailbox at 34th
and Pa. ave. s.e., Sunday. Reward. Hill-
side 0276.
LOST RATION COUPONS.
A AND B GAS RATION BOOK, issued to
Moses 2 A. Parker, 2813 So. 20th st.; Arling-
on,
GAS COUPONS, issued to Mary lL. Duvall,
114 McAdoo ave., Colmar Manor, d.
POCK K
book, license No. 1
ceipts. Palmer A. Morrow. Route No.
Fairfax. Va. 8*
RATION BOOK No. 3, issued to Jean Mar-
nage PE 601 Dartmouth ave., Silver Spring.
RATION. BOOK NO. 3, issued a be
Caldwell, 5521 Colorado ave,
RATION BOOK NO. leniad:' tg' Neville
S. Torbert, Berwyn. Md., R. F. D: 1.
Phone Berwyn 775-W-1. 6
WAR RATION BOOKS "3" and "4," is-
sued to Stance J. and Rosa L. Trotter of
6200 Foote st., Fairmont Heights, Md.
Hillside 01486.
WAR RATION BOOKS, 2 6? No.
Wanda: L. and Woodrow W
&. 27th st., Arlineton. Va.
FOUND.
DOG, male, poodle, white with Maltese
spots: vicinity Bradbury Heights. Iden-
tify fully. AT. 7353.
DPRESS-Two ladies riding from Barcroft
Monday afternoon left dress in my car.
Call N NA. 1545 so that I can nee
KEYCASE,. brown. top-gra Buxton, �on-
taining 2 keys. Call Disttice 4400, Ext. 272.
3, issued to
. Watson, 2110
"GL. 3614.
FIRST TO GO ARE BLESSED-With their landing craft in the backsround,
Hitler's forces on the continent receive benediction from an LARLY sibs all
these members of the first troops thrown against
-Signal Corps Radio Telephoto,
Battle- dineicud Yanks file down an embankment at an embarkation port on the coast of} Eng-
_jand to board landing craft for the assault on the French coast.-Signal Cor ps Radio Telephoto.
By the Associated Press.
12:37 a.m. (Eastern War Time)-
German news agency Transocean
broadcasts that Allied invasion has
begun.
1 am.-German DNB agency
broadcasts Le Havre being bom-
barded violently and German naval
craft fighting Allied landing craft
off coast. -
1:56 a.m.-Calais radio says "This
is D-day."
2:31 a.m.-Spokesman from Gen.
Eisenhower in broadcast from Lon-'|�
don warns people of European in-
vasion coast that "A new phase of
the Allied air offensive has begun"
and orders them to move 22 miles
inland. ais
3:29 a.m.-Berlin radio says "First
center of gravity is Caen," big city].
at base of Normandy peninsula.
3:32 a.m.-Supreme Headquarters,
Allied Expeditionary . Force, an-
nounces that Allied armies began
landing on northern coast of France.
3:40 a.m.-SHAEF announces Gen.
Sir Bernard 'L. Montgomery is in
command of assault army compris-
ing Americans, British, Canadians.
2:42 a.m.-Berlin says heavy Al-
lied warships are shelling Le Havre
and parachute troops are floating
down on Normandy. :
4 a.m. -Supreme headquarters
says a number of feints preceded in-
vasion.
4:07 a.m ter mans say Allies. were
reinforced at dawn at the. mouth of
the Seine near Le Havre.
4:47 a.m.-French patriots warned
to evacuate areas 22 miles bordering
SELL
YOUR CAR
} YOUR CAR
TRADE
YOUR CAR
CHERNER
One of Washington's Largest Dealers
1781 FLORIDA AVE. N.W.
HOBART 5000
Branch Connecticut & Nebraska Aves,
Invasion Day Schedule
coasts /to escape aerial bombard-
'ment.
5:35 a.m.-Berlin reports strong
air attacks on" Dieppe; says cruiser
and landing boats have been sunk
off Cherbourg.
9:49. a.m-Enemy says four Brit-
ish divisions landed hetween. Le
Havre and Cherbourg. .
5:00 a.m.-United States battle-
ships and marines participating.
6:24 a.m-Prime Minister Church-
ill says 4,000 ships and several thou-
sand lesser craft formed probably
world's greatest invasion armada:
"everything is proceeaing aeCa Nee
to plan."
7:03 a.m.-German dealtuvers and
E-boats rushing into operational
area and "no doubt are being dealt
with," headquarters says. H-hour
announced as between 6 and 8 a.m.
British time (midnight and 2 a.m.
EWT).
7:08 a.m.-Allied landing forces
establish beachheads and are ad-
vancing inland, aerial pictures show.
RAF bombers attacked Osnabruck,
Germany, Air Ministry announces.
7:24. a.m.-Swedish reporters in
Berlin report: dozen landings, with
main attack toward Caen.
7:32 a.m.-Supreme headquarters
announces beachhead secured and
dug in.
8:01 a.m.-Germans announce
Allied landings on Channel islands
of Guernsey and Jersey; say Allied
tanks land at Arromanches midway
between Cherbourg and Le Havre
Allies incessantly employing assault
boats off Oystreham.
eee,
~~ Vv
Resp iy
- BALEY'S MEMORY LANE .
AE Wt tH tlh Gare
"Luxurious-But Not-a Luxury"
vaca its ads in 1923 ,
"The New 5- Pass. Sedan-Now Priced $1,295." At such
a- price, 'this. '
and. six-cylinder performance
"'combination of. dignified closed car comfort
ceased to be a luxury...
(selling) within a few dollars of what the public has been
accustormned to paying for open sixes or closed fours.'' Ah,
yes-you remember?
There hasn't been a CLEVELAND SIX in Haley's for years. But
in our lane of memories, it holds an honored place in the long
line of over 250 different: makes, American and imported, that
we. ae serviced skilfully down
through the decades,
HALEY S...
2020 ''M"' -General Automotive Service: NAt'l 1900
"383 16 ahi Paris' tadio says battle
|p Normandy "seems to be: Paning..
pdeptt." pe Ae 2A De '
8:34 a ee alot ana tparbe
"Nazi counterthrusts in progress.
ante 'coast fire on Dover...
9:15 ..a.m.-11,000 Allied planes
bomb and. strafe miles of Normandy
coast.
9:20 a.m.-Marshal Petain broad-
casts to Frenchmen to avoid re-
prisals.
Want to send a note to Hitler?
Save waste kitchen fats to make
explosives.
What sea has no shoreline?
The Sargasso Sea . �. Don't
be "all at sea" about your
cocktail hour destination!
Take a "see" trip to the
LAFAYETTE
COCKTAIL LOUNGE
Quiet Comfort-Better
Beverages
TOMORROW'S
LUNCHEON SPECIAL
OLD - FASHIONED BOSTON
BAKED BEANS-The de luxe
baked bean dish, molasses mel-
lowed and deliciously top-baked
with oven-browned pork, Grill-
ed sweet potato makes 75�
perfect side dish.__ i Be
Lafayette � |
/� @ @� bch |
HOTEL LAFAYETTE
16th & Eye Sts. N.W.
FASCINATION
The adding of special perfecting
touches by our bar experts and
chefs means . your adding of
special interest here to cocktail
or repast.
DINNER, LUNCHEON,
BAR BEVERAGES
New Outdoor Deck
Open Sundays
Completely
Air Conditioned
RESTA URA 2.
Connecticut Avenue at R Stree
siatcenbire Standards
in features for feasting at
_ down-to-earth cost-
Tonight's Dinner Special
ROAST STUFFED LONG
ISLAND DUCKLING, Apple
Sauce-Appetizer, 2 vegetables,
salad, hot corn sticks or bis-
cut,
Newly Decorated
Colonial Room
CARROLL ARMS HOTEL
Ist & C Sts. N.E.
Union Station Digs
fighting going on everywhere, with
. 9:10 am-Big Channel guns on |_T
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D.C.
TUESDAY, JUNE 6,
1944,
Warships, transports and landing craft in a British port await the dena for the attack.
-Signal Corps Radio aS iy
Order of Day
Eisenhower Declares
Tide Has Turned
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, June 6.-Gen. Dwight
D. Eisenhower issued the _ fol-
lowing order of the day to his
invasion troops today:
Soldiers, sailors and airmen of
the Allied Expeditionary Force:
You are about to embark on a
great crusade. The eyes of the
world are upon you and the hopes
and prayers of all liberty-loving peo-
ples go with you.
In company with our brave Allies
and brothers in arms on o�her
fronts you will bring about the de-
struction of the German war ma-
chine, elimination of Nazi tyranny
over the oppressed peoples of Eu-
rope, and security for ourselves in
a free world.
Your task will not be an easy one.
Your enemy is well trained, well
equipped and battle hardened. He
will fight savagely. But in this year
of 1944 much has happened since
the Nazi triumphs of 1940 and 1941.
The United Nations have in-
flicted upon the Germans great de-
feats in open battle, man to man.
Our air offensive has seriously re-
duced their strength in the air and
their capacity to wage war on the
in battle. We will accept nothing
less than full victory. Good luck,
and let us all beseech the blessing of
Almighty God upon this great and
noble undertaking.
Underground fo Aid Allies
De Gaullist Delegate Says
French underground forces were
reported today by Henri Hoppenot,
delegate of the French Committee
of National Liberation, to be pre-
paring to fight along with Allied
invasion forces and to "conquer by
their side."
"Sabotage activities will multiply,"
he predicted. "The guerrillas and
the Maquis will spread and, little
by little, will cover the whole coun -
ald
The statement
issued at head-
quarters of the committee here
opened by saying "the hour for
which France has been waiting for
{nearly four years has struck."
"Every Frenchman and French
woman, obeying the orders of Gen.
de Gaulle, chief of the French Re-.
publican government, will give the
commander of the Allied forces all
possible help,' it declared. "Side
by side with American and British
divisions, French divisions, armed
with the magnificent materiel given
to them by the United States, will
soon participate in the battle."
Gen. de Gaulle is now in London.
yach acid with CA-MA-SIL."'
ARE YOU A SODA ViCTIM?:
Did you know SODA: (Bicarbonate of Soda),,
causes an acid rebound-and more acid 2.
Relief is temporary. For SAFETY, reasons
take-CA-MA-SIL for immediate relief from
excess stomach acid pains-sour, upset,
stomach--heartburn-gas-nausea--bloat-.
ed. conditions. Hundreds declare they now,
enjoy their food . . get refreshing sleep.
"No more: soda-loaded mixtures: for MYs
indigestion.. I insure against excess stom.
It is pleasante~
tasting, contains NO SODA or other harm~-
ful. ingredients and does not affect the
kidneys. ,
Sensational-BUT TRUE
You need not be one of the 40% who have"
upset stomachs-don't impair your e�ffie
ciency-Just TAKE CA-MA-SIL. EveryT
home and office-as well as all emergency:
rooms should always have handy this. safe,
marvelously quick and long-lasting relief,
Tell your druggist to get it. Buy a 30�:
size today.
Used by Physicians Since 1936 ~
FURNITURE
SHAMPOOED and CLEANED IN
YOUR HOME
Sofa & Chair $10.00
HOFFMAN UPHOLSTERERS
COLUMBIA 5116.
ground, our home fronts have given
us overwhelmingly superiority in
weapons and munitions of war and
have placed at our disposal great re-
serves of trained fighting men. The
tide has turned and free men of the
world are marching together to vic-
tory.
I have full confidence in your
courage, devotion to duty and skill
66th Year--French, Spanish, Italian, Ger-
T% SCOOL OF LAN
YGUAGES �
839 17th St. (at Eve)
NAticnal 0270
KODAK FILM
or 8 Exp. Roll__
REPRINTS 30
BOUGHT-SOLD-REPAIRED
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Developed and
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CENTERS
Printed. Any Size 6
Ati snd ai this i N se
1944 "Ts
colar h,
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1888.
FOR 56
EON 0, Za
i Garreledy
ni
eSunlights
COMPANY
1334 New York Ave. N. W., 5
NA. 1703 =
re (as 'TAPES RMRaR Teresa
ep Sill iy LE "4h
* ee "Pras 4 ; oat Aten ROA Pele $s hath
ae
HERE'S A RHYME
WITH A REASON
Says Ed Carl:
3 When motor clanks
or bearings smoke
And gremlin pranks
become no joke
Get in your car
and head for here,
Your troubles then
will disappear...
Maybe Ed Carl can't write
lines-but you'll know he.
has the right lines if you'll
drive into your nearest Call
Carl branch.
#69) 30 a0 ae ao
oo
man or any other language made easy byt
the ore Method-available only at the
PORCH
"THE SHA
830 13th St. NAW.
wood-wide range of colors
custom made
we measure and: install
may we estimate
HAN: Stokes Sammons
SrA we S
DE.
"RE, 6262
& Thos.
$29.50
*
Y 2 ITM WT IASI
A Word 'Aboin
Our Men'
It is for. more economical in the long run to
pay a little more and wear better clothes. We
at Lewis & Thos. Saltz have known that for
many years. In fact, we have built our business
around that very principle ... Nowadays, with
so many uncertainties,
plan a wardrobe of fine Clothing. The Lewis
Saltz reputation for
Apparel is your assurance of Better Fabrics
. Better Tailoring ..
not subject to fads and fancies ... and the
- Longer Wear which people are demanding
nowadays.
Lewis & Thos. Saltz Tropical Suits
$29.75 to $90
Lewis & Thos. Saltz Sports Jackets
Lewis & Thos. Saltz Slacks
$12.50 to $25
Dobbs Hats, $6.50 to $20
French, Shriner and Urner Shoes
LEWIS & THOS. SALTZ
1409 G STREET N.W.
EXECUTIVE 3822
NOT CONNECTED WITH
s Clothes
it is good judgment to
Men's Fine
. Authentic Designing
to $50
%
SALT.2 ROR AINE.
'"
py ae
TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1944,
* THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D.C.
RED GOOSE
ys & Girls of All Age
SHOES
a
at
TTILATO
All the privacy of a
solid door...� plus
cooling ventilation
4 PANELS of stationery
slats ... we still have a
limited stock on -hand in
most all wanted sizes. You
can pick the door you need
��. DO IT NOW!
Phone NAtional 1348 |
Liberators Ranging
Toward Philippines
Sink Jap Destroyer
By the Associated Press. :
ADVANCED ALLIED HEAD-
QUARTERS, New Guinea, June
6.-The sinking of a Japanese
destroyer by Liberators ranging
toward the Philippines from ad-
vanced bases was reported by
Allied headquarters today along
with the probable sinking of an-
jother destroyer off Dutch New
Guinea and a 19-to-1 margin of
victory over the enemy's air
force.
ful flanking of Japanese airdrome
defenses in the bitter battle for Biak
in the Schouten Islands and co-
ordinated attacks on Truk by
Southwest and Central Pacific
planes during which a supply con-
voy was heavily hit. :
19 Jap Planes Bagged.
The bag of 19 enemy planes was
added to more than 30 listed in yes-
las MacArthur..The destroyers were
the first reported caught under, the
bombsights of Southwest Pacific
planes since March 21.
One destroyer was sunk and two
small enemy vessels were damaged
Saturday night off Halmahera Is-
lands at a point 300 miles from the
Philippines, and a Japanese bomber
was downed.
To the southeast, Catalinas that
same night left an enemy destroyer
Sinking 50 miles off Manokwari,
Dutch New Guinea, and attack
planes sank a small freighter. In
the same Geelvink Bay area, Mitch-
ells blew up two barges loaded with
Japanese soldiers.
The Japanese kept pouring more
planes over the Biak invasion
scene. Headquarters. said today
that Thunderbolts shot down four
and probably a fifth out of 42 en-
emy fighters encountered Sunday.
Another enemy fighter was bagged
over Noemfoor, :
Convoy Blasted West of Truk.
Southwest Pacific Liberators from
the Admiralities shot down seven of
20 interceptors as they blasted Truk
Saturday for the second straight
day, expending 79 tons of explosives.
At Pearl Harbor, Admiral Chester
W. Nimitz said search planes in two
. Mokmer airfield from the north.
Allied expeditionary force.
.
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Convenient Terms
| essential.
days definitely sank one, probably
sank another and heavily strafed
other. units of a small supply convoy
west of Truk. He also announced
new air raids on the Kuriles.
On Biak, where American inva-
sion forces since May 27 have been
Struggling to capture three air-
fields, a column moving across
treacherous terrain has flanked
Eisenhower Text
Follow Instructions,
f By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 6-The
ment by Gen. Eisenhower was
broadcast by Allied radios in
London: NA go ieee Re ,
"People of Western Europe! A
landing was made this morning o
the coast of France by troops of the
) This
landing is part of the concerted
United Nations plan for the libera-
tion of Europe, made in conjunc-
tion with. your..great Russian Allies.
"Although the initial assault may
is approaching.
"All patriots, men and women,
young and old, have a part to play
in the achievement of final victory.
To members of resistance move-
ments, whether led by national or
outside leaders, I say 'follow the in-
struction you have received.' To pa-
triots who are not members of or-
ganized resistance 8Toups I say, 'con-
tinue your. passive resistance, but do
not needlessly endanger your lives
until I give you the signal to rise
and strike the enemy.' The day will
come when I shall need your united
Strength. Until that day, I call on
you for the hard task of discipline
and restraint,
_. Calls. for Patience.
"Citizens of France! I am proud
to have again under my command
the gallant forces of France. Fight-
ing beside their Allies, they will
play a worthy part in' the liberation
of their homeland. Because the
initial landing has been made on
the soil of your country, I r�peat to
you with even greater emphasis my
message to the peoples of other oc-
cupied countries in Western Europe.
Follow the instructions of your lead-
ers. A premature uprising of all
Frenchmen may prevent you from
being of maximum help to your
country in the critical hour. Be
patient. Prepare.
"AS supreme commander of the
imposed on me the duty and re-
sponsibility of taking all measures
necessary to the prosecution of the
war. Prompt and willing obedience
to the orders that I shall issue is
Effective civil adminis-
tration of France must be provided
by Frenchmen. All persons must
continue in their present duties un-
less otherwise instructed. Those
{who have common cause with the
enemy and so betrayed their coun-
try will be removed. As. France is
liberated from her oppressors, you
yourselves will choose your repre-
sentatives, and the government un-
der which you wish to live.
Opening Phase of Campaign.
"In the course of this campaign
for the final defeat of the enemy
you may sustain further loss and
damage. Tragic' though they may
be, they are part of the price of
victory. I assure you that I shall
do all in my power to mitigate your
hardships. - I know that I can count
on your steadfastness now, no less
than in the past. The heroic deeds
of. Frenchmen who have continu�d
their struggle against the Nazis and
their Vichy satellites, in France and
throughout the French empire, have
been an example and an inspiration
to all of us. i
"This landing is but the opening
phase of the campaign in Western
Europe. Great battles lie ahead.
I eall upon all who love freedom to
stand with us. Keep: your faith
staunch-our arms are' resolute-
together we shall achieve victory."
War Picture Exhibit
World War will be on exhibition
at the National Gallery of Art from
July 4 to September 4, The exhi-
bition of paintings and drawings
has been assembled from private
'and public collections in the United
States and Canada, |
The reports also told of a success-/j.
terday's communique of Gen Doug-
OW!I-reported today this state- |
to the peoples of Norway, the Neth-
onjrlands, Belgium anid Denmark.
not have. been. made in your own!
country, the hour of your liberation:
Allied expeditionary force, there is|
Battle scenes covering the period
from the Revolutionary War to the
GEN. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, .
In supreme command.
a
-
Eisenhower Warns
Underground Against
Premature Uprisings
By the Associated Press.
SUPREME HEADQUARTERS.
ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY
FORCE, June 6,-Gen. Dwight D.
Eisenhower, the supreme Allied
commander, went on the air this
invasion day, telling the peoples
of Europe the grand assault on
the continent had begun and
"all patriots, young and old, will
have a part to play in the lib-
eration."
He pleaded against premature up-
risings, saying, "Be patient, prepare.
Wait until I give you the signal."
He was followed by King Haakon
of Norway, who broadcast special
orders to both organized and unor-
ganized resistance groups in Ner-
way but warned his people not to
rise up against the Germans prema-
turely.
De Gaulle in London. .
It was announced that Gen.
Charles de Gaulle, who had just ar-
rived in London, would broadcast a
message to the people of France
later in the day.
Gen. de Gaulle already has con-
ferred with Prime Minister Church-
ill. , meg
_ Earlier in the day the BBC had
broadcast communique No. 1 froti
invasion headquarters, first in Eng-.
lish and then in French, and imme-|
diately thereafter sounded an "alert"
French people were told addition- {
ally to stand by in 14 minutes for a
special announcement, __
Alerts Repeated Continuously.
Announcements also were carried
by Absie (American broadcasting
station in England), and it was an-|
mounced that all wave lengths of
the BBC, Absie and the World
broadcasting station in the United
States and the United Nations radio
in Algiers were surrounding Europe! �
with the same announcements.
Alerts were repeated continuously
for a 10-minute period in French,
Dutch, Danish, Norwegian and
Flemish.
Admitted to Practice
Three Ohio Republican members
of the House, Representatives
Ramey, Vorys and Weichel, were ad-
mitted to practice before the Su-
preme Court. yesterday. They were
presented by Representative Jenk-
ins, dean.of Ohio House Republicans.
If you are worried with damp walls,
head-on water, etc.-treat them with
DRYE-a powerful chemical powder
that works on all types of constrac-
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WRB DOD. sper: We is. ot aer *
Kanode told them the}
-A, P, Wirephoto.
GEN. SIR BERNARD L.
MONTGOMERY,
Leading invasion force.
-A. P. Wirephoto.
Army Sergeant Wounded
In Hofel Room Scuffle
Sergt. Thomas Hook, 38, stationed
at Walter Reed Hospital, a former
District policeman, was shot in the
left thigh this morning during an
argument with a civilian in a downs
town hotel room, police reported. �
Following the shooting, police ar-
rested James R. Kanode, 45, of
Coatesville, Pa.,.and charged him
with a.) dangerous
with asse#ult -
7
ws
Police said Id them tk
argument started over possession of
a $100 bill. An unidentified woman
in the room was questioned and re-
leased by police. Ce be iy
Hook was taken to Emergency
Hospital and later removed to
Walter Reed. '
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BUILDING
ASSOCIATION
Toit ioc ih itcititcitistion
In Atlantic in May:
6 Lost; 47 Survive
By the Associated Press,
MIAMI, Fla., June 6.-A lone Brit-
ish freighter, raanned by a French
crew, was torpedoed and sunk 'early
in May in the first reported out-|
break of submarine warfare in the
Atlantic Ocean in many months.
Six men are missing, but 47 others
Sailed 500 miles to the coast of South
America in two lifeboats.
Robert A. Nutton, 19, Navy signal-
man of South Portland, Me., cde-
scribed the attack on his arrival at
Miami by airplane.
Mr. Nutton said two torpedoes
struck the vessel shortly before sun-
down. '
"We abandoned ship, and found
places in two lifeboats and two life-
rafts," he related.
"Soon after the ship sank, the sub-
marine came alongside one lifeboat.
An Officer, speaking English, asked
"Where is the skipper?' We replied
that he had gone down with the
ship. Later, though, we found him
floating around in a life preserver. .
"The sub officer then asked the
name of the ship. We told him, and
the U-boat moved away. I didn't see
any identifying marks but I think
the submarine was German.
"The next morning 39 of us got
into a big lifeboat and eight into a
smaller one. I was in the big boat.
We sailed to shore in seven days.
The small boat made it a day or so
later." .
_ The torpedoing took place in wa-
ters where submarines sank many
ships before United Nations Navies
got the upper hand last year,
Capt. Wilkinson Called
iBefore Court-Martial
By the Associated Press.
SANTA ANA, Calif. June 6.-
Capt. Morrison Wilkinson, 28-year-
old veteran of the China air war,
was summoned before a general
court-martial today to face nine
charges, including criminal assault,
lewd and lascivious conduct and
bigamy.
Conviction on the criminal assault
charge can carry the death penalty.
The charges followed Wilkinson's
arrest on an assault complaint by
Caprice Capron, 17, Earl Carroll
dancer. -
ORY
apiece
Bi
re!
*
oe!
*
i BETHESDA
e208 �6228 @8082
[British Ship Sunk Pershing Hails French Invasion
By Sons of Men He Led in '18
Confident People
Of Occupied Lands
Will Aid Allies
By the Associated Press. .
Gen. John J. Pershing, who com-
manded American armies in France
in the World War, issued the fol-
lowing statement following the an-
nouncement that a new expedition-
ary force had landed in France:
"American troops have landed in
Western Europe.
"As the overmastering military
might of the Allies advances it will
be joined by men. of the occupied
countries, whose land has been over-
run by the enemy, but whose spirit
remains unconquered.
"Twenty-six years ago American
soldiers, in co-operation with their
Allies, were locked in mortal combat
with the German enemy. Their
march of victory was never halted
until the enemy laid down his arms
in defeat. The American soldier of
1917-1918, fighting in a war of lib-
eration, wrote by his deeds, one of
the most glorious pages of military
history.
"Today, the sons of American sol-
diers of 1917-1918 are engaged in a
like war of liberation. It is their
task to bring freedom to peoples
who have been enslaved. I have
every confidence that they, together
with their gallant brothers-in-arms,
will win through to victory."
Policeman to Get Ph. D.
In Chemistry at Columbia
By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 6.-For the last
four years Police Patrolman Wil-
liam Fox-has pounded his beat on
the midnight to 8 a.m. shift and|
spent the daytime hours at the
Columbia University chemistry lab-
oratories.
Result of his double duty-the
Ph. D. degree in chemistry will be
WANTED
NEWSPAPERS
60c 100 Ibs.
BOOKS-MAGAZINES
B5� ob ibs
Delivered to Our Yard
J. R. SELIS sox
SONS
1125 First St. N.W.
Di. 9594
If unable to deliver. please phone tus
mi
aA
GEN. JOHN J. PERSHING.
mencement exercises today, his
thesis being entitled "Equilibrium
Relationships Between Fluid Infer-
faces: The System of Methylene
Todine-Water-Air."
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District 8822
WEDNESDAY
Household Effects of . 5
Every Description
At Public Auction
At Sloan's .
715 13th St.
June 7th, 1944
At 10 A.M.
Also at 12 Noon
Emerald and Diamond Ring,
Pearl and Diamond Ring, Sap-
phire and Diamond Ring, 2-
Stone Diamond Ring, Necklace
with diamond clasp, Watches,
Pins, Bracelets, Earrings, etc.,
from the estate of Lotwise Rol~
lins Tyler by order of the Girard
Trust Co. of Phila. Pa., Execu-
tors, Attorneys Lesh, Drain and
Barnard, .
Terms Cash
C. G. Sloan & Co., Inc., Aucts,
Established 1891
DISPLAY ROOMS, 6840 WIS. AVE:
Ree
ie oe,
'They are grateful tor everything
the telephone operators are doing
ta get them a Long Distance
line to home.
=,
They will thank you, too, if you
leave the Long Distance wires from
seven to ten for the service men.
That is the best time many of
them have to call.
THE CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE CO.
t
Allied Landings Made
On Channel Islands,
German Agency Says
By the Associated Press,
LONDON, June 6. - Allied
troops have landed on the Chan-
nel Islands of Gurnsey and Jer-
sey, the German agency Trans-
ocean said.
Altied tanks have landed in the
Arromanches area, midway between
Cherbourg and Le Havre, the agency
added, but it said the greatest con-
centrations of landing craft were
observed off Cherbourg. and Le
Havre.
- (One German broadcast. "said
four British parachute divisions
'had landed between Le Havre
-anad Cherbourg. This was four
times the size of the Nazi para-
chute force dropped on Crete, in
the Mediterranean.)
Mainly Parachutists Used.
"The enemy, who had thrown in
mainly parachute troops in the
small hours of the morning, is now
FIELD MARSHAL GEN. KARL
RUDOLF GERD VON
RUNDSTEDT,
incessantly employing assault boats
off Oystreham," Transocean con-
tinued.
"Several advanced islands off the
coast aroused the particular inter-
est of the invaders and they were
the first points where they estab-
lished a foothold." | .
"Meantime, numerous landings
were made all along the coast be-
tween the mouth of the Seine and
the northern shores of Normandy,
both from the air and from the sea.
"More concentrations of landing
craft have been observed further to
the north as far as the Channel and
were fought before going into ac-
tion."
Nazi Counterthrusts Reported.
"German counterthrusts by all
kinds of units are in progress," the
Transocean report declared. "Fierce
fighting is going on everywhere.
"On many points of the Channel
numerous balloons are floating at
great altitude continuously circled
around by enemy fighters. Prob-
ably they constitute artillery ob-
servation posts."
Earlier, the German news agency
DNB commentator, Capt. Ludwig
MARSHAL ERWIN ROMMEL,
German commanders.
-A. P. Photos.
Sertorius, declared in a broadcast
that the "great contest between the
Reich and the Anglo-Americans
has begun."
"The Allied landings in the west
today has put the German armed
forces in the mood which they ex-
Roosevelf Calls Anew
For Total Nazi Defeat
In Address to Nation
President Roosevelt has _ called
anew for total defeat of Germany-
defeat that will eliminate the Nazis
as a threat to future peace.
In a Nation-wide broadcast last
night which was almost coincident
with the Allied landings in France,
the Chief Executive discussed the
Italian campaign; warned against
attaching to much importance to
the fall of Rome, and added signifi-
cantly:
"Germany has not yet been driven
to surrender. Germany has not yet
been driven to the point where she
will be unable to recommence world
conquest a generation hence. There-
fore, victory still lies some distance
ahead. That distance will be cov-
ered in due time, have no fear of
that. But it will be tough and it
will be costly."
"One Up-Two to Go."
This particular statement at-
tracted more than ordinary atten-
tion in view of the conviction ex-
pressed last week by Pope Pius that
the fighting would be prolonged if
the war were to be pressed "for full
victory or complete destruction."
The President's broadcast was
prompted by the fall of Rome. "One
up and two to go" was the way he
checked off the first of the Axis
capitals to be occupied by the Allies
-with Berlin and Tokyo. still
ahead. .
"Our victory comes at an excel-
lent time," he said, "while our Al-
lied forces are poised for another
strike at Western Europe-and
while armies of other Nazi soldiers
nervously await our assault. And
our gallant Russian allies continue
to make their power felt more and
more."
Message for Italy.
To the people of Italy the Presi-
dent held forth the suggestion that
their country should seek a. peace-
ful place in the family of nations
as a "great mother nation" sending
its sons to people many other lands,
rather than seek expansion: by ag-
gression. _
"We want and expect the heip
of the future Italy toward lasting
peace," he said. "All the other na-
tions opposed to Fascism and
Nazism help give Italy a chance."
The fall of Rome, the President
declared, was a prospect of such
great importance to the Germans
that Hitler and his generals put up
a desperate fight "at great cost of
men and materials and with great
sacrifice to their crumbling eastern
line and to their western front."
"No thanks are due to them if
Rome was spared the devastation
which the Germans wreaked on
Naples and other Italian cities,' he
continued. "The Allied generals
maneuvered so skillfully that the
Nazis could only have stayed long
enough to damage Rome at the
risk of losing their armies."
Happy That Pope Is Free.
"Tt will be source of deep satis-
faction," he also declared, "that the
freedom of the Pope and of Vatican
City is assured by the armies of
the United Nations."
The Chief Executive said that in
Italy the Allied troops had found
"starvation, malnutrition, disease, a
|deteriorating education and lowered
public health-all by-products of
Fascist misrule," but "we have al-
ready begun to save the lives of
the men, women and chiffren of
Rome,"
Veterans to Meet
Third Division Society members,
including veterans of World War I
and this war, will meet at 8:30 p.m.
tomorrow at the Woodmen of the
World Hall, 935 G place N.W., it
was announced today. The War
Department film "Why We Fight"
will be shown and plans for the
25th annual reunion of the society
will be formulated.
press with a laconic
coming'.
"At the present moment when the
Allied invasion of Western Europe
still is in its very first beginning
nothing can be said yet about the
tactical and operational develop-
ments.
"We can only stress the single-
mindedness with which the German
Wehrmacht is facing the enemy's
onslaught, for in war ethical values
are at least as important as the
number of soldiers and the quantity
of their equipment."
'They are
Following is the text of the
President's radio broadcast last
night:
Yesterday, June 4, 1944, Rome fell
to American and Allied troops. The
Text of Roosevelt's Broadcast on Fall of Rome
First of Axis Capitals Now in Our Hands, President Declares;
Believes Victory Over Germany still Some Distance Ahead
the airports of Foggia from which
we have struck telling blows on the
continent.
Fiercer Fighting Rheick:
It would be unwise to inflate in
first of the Axis capitals is now/;our own minds the military impor-
in our hands.
to go! -
It is perhaps significant that the
first of these capitals to fall should
have the longest history of all of
them. The story of Rome goes back
to the time of the foundations of
our civilization. We can still see
there monuments of the time when
Rome and the Romans controlled
the whole of the then known world.
That, too, is significant, for the
United Nations are determined that
in the future no one city and no
one race will be able to control the
whole of the world.
In addition to the monuments of
the older times, we also see in Rome
the great symbol of Christianity,
which has reached into almost every
part of the world, There are other
shrines and other churches in many
places, but the churches and shrines
of Rome are visible symbols of the
faith and determination of the early
saints and martyrs that Chris-
tianity should live and become uni-
versal. And now it will be a source
of deep satisfaction that the free-
dom of the Pope and of Vatican
City is assured by the armies of the
United Nations,
Liberated by Many Nations.
It is also significant that Rome
has been liberated by the armed
forces of many nations. The Amer-
ican and Britiso armies-who bore
the chief burdens of battle-found at
their sides our own North American
neighbors, the gallant Canadians.
The fighting New Zealanders from
the far South Pacific, the cour-
ageous French and the French Mo-
roccans, the South Africans, the
Poles and the East Indians-all of
them fought with us on the bloody
approaches to Rome, .
The Italians, too, forswearing a
partnership in the Axis which they
never desired, have sent their troops
to join us in our battles against the
German trespassers on their soil.
The prospect of the liberation of
Rome meant enough to Hitler and
his generals to induce them to fight
desperately at great cost of men
and materials and with great sacri-
fice to their crumbling eastern line
and to their western front. No
thanks are due to them if Rome
was spared the devastation which
One up and two
the Germans wreaked on Naples
and other Italian cities. The Allied
generals maneuvered so skillfully
that the Nazis could only have
stayed long enough to damage Rome
at the risk of losing their armies.
But Rome is of course more than
a military objective.
Symbol of Authority.
Ever since before the days of the
Caesars, Rome has stood as a sym-
bol of authority. Rome was the
republic. Rome was the empire.
Rome was and is, in a sense, the
Catholic Church, and Rome was the
capital of a united Italy. Later, un-
fortunately, Rome became the seat
of Fascism-one of the three capitals
of the Axis. :
For a quarter century the Italian
people were enslaved and degraded
by the rule of Mussolini from Rome.
They will mark its liberation with
deep emotion. In te north of Italy | o.
the people are still dominated and |to
-|threatened by the Nazi overlords ;
and their Fascist: puppets.
Somehow, in the back of my head
is Still remembered @ name-
Mussolini.
Our victory comes at an excellent
time, while our Allied forces are
poised for another strike at Western
Europe-and while armies of other
Nazi soldiers nervously await our
assault. And our gallant Russian
allies continue to make their power
felt more and more.
From a strictly military stand-
point, we had long ago accomplished
certain of the main objectives of
our Italian campaign-the control
of the sea lanes of the Mediter-
ranean to shorten our combat and
supply lines, and the capture of
Carter Carburetors
FOR ALL CARS
Liberal Trade Allowance for yeur
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[MOLLER- DUDLEYG
BB 1716 14th 3t. N.\W. NORTH 9300
tance of the capture of Rome. We
shall have to push through a long
period of greater effort and fiercer
fighting before we get into Ger-
many itself. The Germans have re-
treated thousands of miles, all the
way from the gates of Cairo, through
Libya and Tunisia and Sicily and
Southern Italy. They have suffered
heavy losses, but not great enough
yet to cause collapse.
Germany has not yet been driven
to surrender. Germany has not
yet been driven to the point where
she will be unable to recommence
world conquest a generation hence.
Therefore, the victory still lies
some distance ahead. That distance
will be covered in due time-have
no fear of that. But it will be
tough and it will be costly.
In Italy the people had lived so
long under the corrupt rule of Mus-
solini that, in spite of the tinsel at
the top, their economic condition
had grown steadily worse. Our
troops have found starvation, mal-
nutrition, disease, a deteriorating
education and lowered public health
-all by-products of the Fascist mis-
rule.
The task of the Allies in occupa-
tion has been stupendous. We have
had to start at the very bottom, as-
Sisting local governments to re-
form on democratic lines. We have
had to give them bread to replace
that which was stclen out of their
mouths by the Germans. We have
had to make it possible for the
Italians to raise and use their own
local crops. We have to help them
cleanse their schools of Fascist
trappings.
Salvage of Human Beings.
The American people as a whole
approve the salvage of these human
beings, who are only now learning
to walk in a new atmosphere of
freedom.
Some of us may let our thoughts
run to the financial cost of it. Es-
sentially it is what we can call a
form of relief. At jthe same time
we hope that this relief will be an
investment for the future-an in-
vestment that will pay dividends by
eliminating Fascism and ending any
Italian desires to start another war
of aggression in the future. They
are dividends which justify such an
investment, because they are addi-
tional supports for world peace.
The Italian people are capable of
self-government. We do not. lose
sight of their virtues as a peace-
loving nation.
We remember the many centuries
in which the Italians were leaders
in the arts and sciences, enriching
the lives of all mankind.
We remember the great sons of
the Italian people-Galileo -and
Marconi, Michelangelo and Dante-
and that fearless discoverer who
typifies the courage of Italy-
Christopher Columbus. .
Italy cannot grow in stature by
seeking to build up a great mili-
taristic empire. Italians have been
overcrowded within their own terri-
to conquer the lands of other
pe conquered,
} Welcome to Ried, 3
In the past, Italians have come
by the millions to the United States.
They have been welcomed, they
have prospered, they have become
good citizens, community and. gov-
ernmental. leaders. They are not
Italian-Americans. They are Amer-
icans-Americans of Italian decent.
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Italians have gone in great num-
bers to the other Americans-Brazil
and the Argentine, for example-
and to many other nations in every
continent of the world, giving of
their industry and their talents and
achieving success and the comfort
of good living.
Italy should go on as a great
mother nation, contributing to the
culture and progress and good will
of all mankind-and developing her
special talents in the arts, crafts
and sciences, and preserving her
nistoric and cultural heritage for
the benefit of all peoples.
We want and expect the help of.
the future Italy toward lasting
weace, All the other nations op-
posed to Fascism and Nazism shoul��
help give Italy a chance,
The Germans, after years of
domination in Rome, left the people
in the Eternal City on the verge of
starvation. We and the British will
do everything we can to bring them
relief. Anticipating the fall of Rome,
we made preparations to ship food
supplies to the city, but it should be
borne in- mind that the needs are
so great and the transportation re-
quirements of our armies so heavy
that improvement must be grad-
ual. We have already begun. to save
the lives of the .men, women and
children of Rome.
"Batting Average" Is High.
This is an example of the effi-
ciency of your machinery of war.
The magnificent ability and energy
of the American people in growing
the crops, building the merchant
ships, making and collecting the
cargoes, getting the supplies over
thousands of miles of water, and
thinking ahead to meet emergen-
cies-all this spells, I think, an
amazing efficiency on the part of
our armed forces, all the various
agencies working with them, and
American industry and labor as a
whole, ;
No great effort like this can be
tories, but they do not need to try|
peoples in order tc find the breath) }
hi oe Other, epoaiee ie os not wane
100 per cent perfect, but the bat-
ting average is very, very high.
I extend the congratulations and
thanks of the American people to
Gen. Alexander, who has been in
command of the whole Italian oper-
ations; to Gen. Clark and Gen.
Leese of the 5th and the 8th Armies;
to Gen. Wilson, the Supreme Allied
Commander of the Mediterranean
theater, and Gen. Devers his Ameri-
can deputy; to Gen. Eaker; to
Admirals Cunningham and Hewitt,
and to all their brave officers and
men,
May God bless them and watch
over them and over all of our gal-
lant, fighting men.
Want to send a note to Hitler?
Save waste kitchen fats to make
explosives.
Dr. John J. Field
Pik eee
406.7th St NW. ME. 9256
Third Floor, Woolworth Building _
THE CRAWFISH
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Sea crawfish is
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y
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I once had to do a
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world's greatest invention being wheels. Just
think of gear-wheels,
water-wheels, and espe-
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right now the greatest thing of all, I'd say, is
to keep wheels going; keeping your car in
service, for instance.
There's this and that to
help you. There's one motor oil and another.
Now from what I know, the explosions in any
engine must produce acids, which brings up
the bright idea of safely OIL-PLATING your
engine's insides with
Conoco Nth motor oil.
You want to prevent damage from acids...
internal corrosion! Some things are specially
good at fighting corrosion, and OIL-PLATING
comes in that class. Even chromium plating,
just for comparison,
couldn't stay closer to
working parts than this protective OIL-PLATING.
It battles corrosion, so as to help you preserve
your transportation as soon as you switch to
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f
Times Square Reacts
Quietly fo Invasion;
Churches Open Today
By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 6.-News of
the Allied invasion of Europe was
received with calm in the Times
Square area today where relatively
few people. mostly servicemen, were
on the streets at the early hour.
Here and there groups of service-
men and civilians collected around
taxicabs and listened to radio re-
ports of the landings on the coast
of France. There were no demon-
strations.
About 25 persons gathered in front
of a newsreel theater at 4 a.m. when
a radio .loud-speaker blared forth
the latest bulletins.
In other parts of the city house-
holders were up and at their radios.
Scattered lights could be seen in
apartment houses along upper
Broadway.
Workers Cheer.
At the Bendix Aviation Corp. ma-
rine division plant in Brooklyn 500
swing-shift workers gave a spon-
taneous cheer when the news was
received, but, the management an-
nounced, the workers: remained 'at
their jobs and "not a second 'was
lost."
A scene probably typical of that
In many public places was enacted
at an East Side restaurant where
about 20 diners rose and listened
with bowed heads as the first re-
ports came in via radio.
Mayor La Guardia, informed of the
invasion by police, called upon the
people of the city to carry on at
their jobs to give the men in the
invasion forces their utmost sup-
port.
Prayer Meeting Planned.
He announced plans for a mass
prayer meeting at 5:30 p.m. today
in Madison Square, where the
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TUESDAY,
THE EVENING STAR,
JUNE 6,
A-5
Washington, D.C.
1944,
eternal light, a memorial for sol-
diers of the last war, burns.
Police said that along Broadway
excitement aroused by the Allied.
announcement of the invasion had
been tempered by the previous Ger-
man reports which spread through
the night club belt shortly after
midnight.
Most of the churches throughout
the city will be open today for D-
day services.
All Episcopal churches will be
open. At Trinity Church observances
will be held every hour around the
clock.
A number of war plants in the
area also will hold special prayer
services, according to announce-
ments.
D. C. Woman to Be Sponsor
Miss Mary Lee Council, 1914 Con-
necticut avenue N.W., daughter of
Dr. W. W. Council, commissioner of
health for Alaska, has been desig-
nated by the Secretary of the Navy
as sponsor of the Sitka, an auxiliary
transport attack craft to be launched
Friday at Pascagoula, Miss.
Nation's Liberty Bell
Rings Out Invasion
PHILADELPHIA, June 6--The
Liberty Bell, which heralded this
Nation's independence, rang out to
day as the liberation of Europe be-�
gan,
Striking the great bell six times
on an NBC _ broadcast heard
throughout the United. States and
Britain, Mayor Bernard Samuel
quoted its inscription-'Proclaim
Liberty Throughout 'All the Land
Unto All the Inhabintants Thereof"
-and commented:
"Tet it, indeed, proclaim liberty
throughout the land and the re-
turn of "liberty throughout the
world." :
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vasion, prepared at headquarters of
As
* THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. C.
"TUESDAY, JUNE 6,
1944,
-"Canned' 'Army Stories
'Released to Describe'
Drama of Invasion
By NELSON M.; SHEPARD.
"Canned" drama of the Allied j in-
&3 the European 'theater of operations
i well in advance of D- day to give the
Kg
1a
take- off
�along the beaghheads in. France and
Belgium, was issued by the 'War
je Department: today. |
Within 6 minutes after announce-
ment of the official communique, a
= stack of press releases, some describ-
prs ing scenes of fighting, were distrib-
es uted by the Bureau of Public Rela-
om z tions.
i 'Small way today.
'They came from London, it
Sheen explained, obviously some time
Typical was one headed:
"line towns, on the coast of England,
"May. 30 '(delayed by censorship) -
'The jump off of Allied troops for the
'invasion over Europe began in a
It was not very
- dramatic, but it was the daca inie .
i
#
@
"Action" Described.
As the piece progressed, intense
drama crept into the lines; 'The
' men "learned" that the battle of the'
second front had actually began.
While enemy planes were over-
head, hundreds. of guns-were in"ac-
�# tion and for an hour-or'so-the din
.o� was terrific, and:-the night was ter-
-~rible with the combined -noise of
�e Bofors guns, 50-caliber AA machine
~
*! guns, 90-mm., 20-mm. cannon fired
�� from diving planes, and the dull
roar of the bombs. :
One soldier said: "This is worse
+ethan Salerno."
Another release slugged "Fighter
4-Bombers" started with this realistic
description:
"A staff car full of Garnet offi-
eers speeding along a highway in
ft
� Belgium; a: bridge at Herrenthals
-and barges moving up the river to
s-it, locomotives idling along track
sidings at Bethune, munition trains
�drawing into the busy yards at
wee
-Namur, German army truck convoys
bound for the. West Wall and the
me Deaches
ig
.2 bombers-
~~ Jease said.
"* *-* No target is too small or
. too fast moving for the -fighter
and... warplanes. which
descend to within a few. feet of
their aiming points before releasing
'bombs. Pars
Movements "Revealed. 4
~The movement of mass equipment |
was. described in detail from. head-
ve unter
The release went on:
"T,ondon before the invasion was a
Scene of peaceful quiet.. The day of
"invasion stole upon Londoners as
gage as the spring blossoms in
.. Hyde Park," the headquarters re-
"There were-both alarms
, and rumors that blew. first-hot,.then
_ cold, but unmistakable as the riping
.. Yass were the signs that appeared,
~ one by one, in the capital of empire."
� spirits * * * sorry, sir,
| Scotch to serve doubles,"
�| typical barman's response.
- toughest part of the invasion," one}
- release stated.
� ed "Follow me,'
, geant-yelled in the traditional battle}
' cry of infantry," detailed the work
* involved in issuing 125,000 maps that
' Went with the invasion attack,
- their morning newspapers or from
. radio accounts digested along with},
* breakfast. -
~ echoed to the eager conversations
* of thousands of Government and
� business workers, many of whom
=? had sons, brothers or husbands with
� the invasion forces.
ee.
pate.
;
'|
'
;
�
4
:
a
4
a
ii
and H streets, where, emblazoned
" against a background painting of
' nounced:
4
. pected day by day for many weeks,
1
ry
al
*
if
* nouncement came from London at
;
:
,
"
'
' relations office, headed by Maj. Gen.
Alexander D. Surles;
v
I
gan, aide to Gen. Surles, told tense
. reporters that an announcement
'from London was expected at 3:32.
� After what seemed
. hours, the electrifying bulletin came.
. communique were issued, along with
an encouraging statement of Amer-
speech he made before the National
Press Club and prepared to set the
Ats high-powered transmitters:
'planations of-assault tactics, the
' scenes along the coast with signs
Yeading "civilians are forbidden to}
| loiter or talk to troops."
' began to filter over the radio from
� German sources around midnight.
In.some 800 words of descriptive
'� writing, scenes inacted in Hyde Park,
night clubs, pubs and other meeting
places were detailed. "Sorry, sir, no
not..enough
was a
Other releases gave detailed ex-
'period of waiting for D-day and
"Waiting for "Hehour tras he
Stil) another release, which start=:
the. platoon ser-
Capital
(Continued From First Page.)
aA
City-bound buses and streetcars
"Jim. wrote me.last week that he
'Was expecting action se time
now. * * *"
"Charley said his. outfit was all
keyed up. * * * Of course, he
couldn't say any more * *-*," ...
At the Capitol,. legislators: who
; usually stroll into their offices
around 10 or 11 am. appeared in
; the corridors as early as 8 o'clock,
- eager for news. Downtown many
ps hurrying to work, stopped
' before a large display window of the
: Washington Gas Light Co., Eleventh
. planes and cannon, a huge sign an-
"This Is It." � Another
read: "Now, if ever is the time to
' buy War Bonds."
First. inklings of the invasion, ex-
/
Dupuy Broadcasts News.
The full-fledged official news an-
3:32 a.m. when Col. R. Ernest Du-
; puy, formerly stationed in the War
p Deparment here and whose voice is
, well known to radio listeners, came
on the air and after a delay of 10
seconds read Gen. Eisenhower's
; dramatic. communique.
In the giant Pentagon Building
across the Potomac slits of light in
an otherwise dark building marked
� the offices of -Gen. George C.
Marshall, Chief of Staff; the public
the Signal
, Corps message section, and the Di-
'vision of Military Intelligence-all
. islands of intense activity.
At 3:20 a.m. Col. Stanley J. Gro-
like endless
Copies of Gen. Eisenhower's first
ica's military elder statesman, Gen.
John J. Pershing.
The invasion had come.
OWI Radio Active.
Over at the Office of War Infor-
mation, Director Elmer Davis, no-
tified earlier that the invasion was
imminent; hurried back from a
Government's giant -propaganda
machine in motion. As soon as Gen.
Eisenhower's announcement came,
OWI transmitters here and in New)
York began beaming news of the in-
vasion to all parts of the world over
Secretary of -War Stimson; on
whose shoulders the plans of in-
vasion have weighed for months,
heard the actual news at his home,
| June 4, 1940-Prime Minister Win-
operations ' "and fighting
"Front
Prophetic Words
Of Churchill in -
1940 Recalled
'Four years and two days ago-on
ston. Churchill stood:in the House
of Commons and told the British
people of the colossal defeat suf-
fered by their armies in France. To-
day the British_and Americans are
striking the return..blow he pre-
dicted even in the shadow of defeat.
With more than 1,000 big guns
and virtually all of Britain's other
war mate�rial in the hands of the
enemy. in Northern France,
with 335,000 men of the British Ex-
peditionary Forces miraculously
rescued, Mr. Churchill proclaimed:
"We shall not flag or fail. We
shall go on' to the' end.. We shall
the oceans... We shall. fight with
growing confidence and strength in
the air.
"We shall defend our
whatever the cost may be. *. *
We shall never' surrender. And
even if; which I do not for a
moment believe, this island or a
large part of it were subjugated and
starving, then our empire beyond
the seas, armed and guarded by the
British fleet, will carry on its
struggle until in G�d's good time
the New World with all its power
island,
*
and might sets forth to the libera:|'
tion and rescue of the Old.":
Those were prophetic words;
Funeral Rites Set Today
For Ottie Lee Moxley
Funeral services for Ottie Lee'
Moxley, 55, lifelong "resident of
Montgomery County, who died Sun-
day at the Frederick City Hos-
tal after an accident 12 days ago,
will be held at 2:30 p.m. today at
Montgomery ' Methodist Church,
Clagettsville. The Rev. Lawrence
Little, pastor, will officiate. Burial
Will be in the church cemetery.
A son of Mrs. Minnie J. Moxley
and the late William B. Moxley,,
Mr. Moxley had spent his entire
life. in Montgomery County.
Besides his mother, he is sur-
vived by his' widow; Mrs. Virgie
Moxley; a daughter, Mrs. Gurvis
King, and two. sons, Willie �Lee
Moxley and Kenneth Wayne Mox-
ley, all of Clagettsville.
ltaly
(Continued From ee Page.)
where came from
guards.
In the mountains east of Rome
isolated rear-|
German rearguards threw strong}
opposition 'against the British 8th
Army in an effort to cover the
northward withdrawal of the main}.
enemy troops in that sector.
_ (French troops have captured. |.
Tivoli, on the Avezzano highway
30 miles northeast of Rome, the
British Broadcasting Co, an-
nounced today in a broadcast
heard by NBC.)
- The: Allied' air forces gave the
German columns no:rest. In the area'
imediately north of. Rome. yester,r
day_more than 375 of their vehicles
but
fight-in France, on the seas and. in!-
WAR'S BIG MOMENTS, FROM BLITZ OF POLAND TO. INVASION
of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse
off Malaya.
1939,
Sent. 1-Germany
land, annexes Danzig:
Sept. 2-France - 'mobilizes.
proclaims neutrality: -
Sept. 3-Britain .and Fuin�e de-
clare war on Germany, . Nazis
bomb Warsaw.
Sept. 4-New Zealand ane 'Aus-
tralia. declare war: on. Germany.
United States proclaims neutrality.
Fighting begins, in front of Maginot
Line.
Sept. 10->Catisda declares. war on
Germany.
sept. {1 Russiage
into Eastern Poland.
Sept. 27--Warsaw surrenders,
Sept. 28-Germans: and Russians
partition Poland.
Nov. 4-President: Roosevelt signs
invades Po-
Italy
tH oops . strike
bargo.
Nov. 8-Bomb wrecks. Munich
beer hall just after Hitler. leaves.
Nov. 30-Russia invades Finland,
Dec, 17-German pocket battle-
Ship Admiral Graf Spee scuttled
outside Montevideo Harbor. after
battle with three British cruisers.
1940.
Jan, 16-President Roosevelt rec-
ommends further financial aid to
Finland.
lord of the British Admiralty, warns
Feb. 2-Finland, - still.
fiercely, asks Russia for
orable peace."
March *11-Britain discloses she
and France ready to aid Finland if
$ SEMEROER:
-March
an "hon-
12--Moscow
March 20-Daladier resigns as
French Premier and is succeeded by
Paul Reynaud, his Finance Minis-
ter.
April 4-Churchill given general
supervision over all units of Brit-
ain's military and naval strength.
April 9-Germany invades Nor-
way and Denmark, Denmark. giv-
ing in but Norway declaring war.
April 15-British land troops in
Norway. '
May 2-Prime Minister Chamber-
lain admits the Allies have given up
fight for Southern and Central Nor-
way. .
May 10-Hitler, annoucing "The
hour has come," sends his troops
into Belgium, the Netherlands and
Luxembourg while Nazi planes
bomb Northern France:
Churchill. succeeds. Chamberlain as
British Prime Minister.
May 14-Dutch Army capitulates.
Allied troops battle Germans on
| Meuse front in Belgium.
May 19-Gen. Maxine Weygand
replaces' Gamelih as Allied gen-
eralissimo.,
"May 28-King Leopold orders the
posing British flank.
May 29-Under heavy German at-
neutrality jaw, repealing arms em-.
Jan. 20-Winston Churchill, first
Europe's neutrals. to join the Allies.
resisting
Winston:
1izens: to leave the Orient.
surrender of 'his Belgian -forces; ex- |.
tack, 400,000 British 4 hse begin
to escape from Dunkerque, Allies
capture Narvik in Norway:
'June. 3-German planes bomb
Paris.
June. 4-Allies bomb -Munich,
Frankfort and. the Ruhr, : ~
June 10-Britain announces evac-
uation of Norway. Paris 'govern-
ment leaves as Germans strike to
within 35 miles of city.'
clares war on Britain and France.
June 13 Germans march into
Paris. ;
June 17-Marshal Henri
becomes Premier" 'and announces
French surrender. Great Britain
says she will fight alone.
June 20-French armistice with
Germany 'signed at Compiegne.
June 24-French armistice with
Italy signed.
June 28-Russia occupies Bessara-
bia in Romania.
July 5-Petain: severs relations
with Great Britain after British
Navy attacks French: warships at
Oran.
uania annexed by Russia.
July 19--Hitler offers Britain "last
chance" for peace. Britain "says
"no, 99
' Aug. 4:.German air force begins
heavy attack 'on Britain.
Somaliland.
Aug. #12-Five hundred 'German
planes 'raid Britain.
'Aug. 19-British 'withdraw
Somaliland.
Aug. 20-Britain disclosed agree-
ment to lease naval and air bases in
from
| Western Hemisphere to the Daned
�1 ~ announces'
Tireatn ending Russo-Finnish war.
States.
Aug, 30-Romania forced by Ger-
many to yield half of Saiki detaaaase
to Hungary:
Aug. 31-RAF bombers hit: via
of Berlin for: first: time.
Sept. 3-President Roosevelt an-
nounces trade of: 50 over-age de-
stroyers to Britain for naval and air
base leases in western Atlantic.
Sept. 6-King Carol abdicates
Romanian throne in favor of son.
London begin.
Sept. 16 - President Roosevelt
signs Selective Service Act.
Sept. 27-Japan joins the Axis,
Signing 10-year tri-partite pact in
Berlin.
' Oct. 3+-Neville. Chamberlain re-
sighs from Churchill's .: cabinet,
pleading: poor. health.
Oct. 4-Hitler and Mussolini meet
at Brenner Pass. Japanese Premier
says United States must accept Axis
order or face war:
Oct. 8-United States orders cit-
German
troops: enter Romania.
Oct. 18-British disclose repulse of
|Germanh invasion attempt. on 'Sep-
tember -16.
Oct. 27-Italy invades' Greece,
Nov, 9-Chamberlain dies.
Italy de-|
"Petain:
July 14-Estonia, Latvia and Lith-
Aug. 6- Italians: invade: British |
Sept. 7-Heavy sh raids on
and wounded after raid on Coventry.
Nov. 17-Greeks - rout MeLANS
along 100-mile front: | |
Nov. 20--Hungary joins Axis.
. Nov. 24-Slovakia follows inte
and Romania into Axis alHance. :
Dec. 12-Britain reports Ttaly's. in-
vasion armies. in headlong retreat.
from n Bey pe; 20, 000 prisoners taken.
Jan. 3 rbland - raided by German,
'bombers:
- Jan, 10-Germany and Russia � sign
new. friendship pact. .
March 1-Bulgaria-'signs "Axis pact;
German troops march in.
_ March 10-British . troops leave'
Alexandria for Greece.
March. , 11President
signs leage- -lend pill:
March *25- Yugoslavia
Rome- Berlin-Tokyo alliance.
' March. 27--Military. coup ousts
Yugoslav. government which signed
Axis pacts. dv+year-old Peter en-
throned 'as. King.
- March - 30-United States seizes
Axis ships. in ports. .
April 6-Germany attacks Yugo-
slavia and Greece.
April i17Germany announces
surrender of. Yugoslav Army. -
April -18-Premier Korizis
Greece - 'commits suicide.-
April 27--Germans take Athens.
May 10--Rudolf Hess, Hitler aide,
lands by parachute in Scotland.
May 20-Germans attack Crete ,in
first air-borne action.
Roosevelt
joins
of
May � 31-British withdraw from)
Crete. !
June �14 -.President - Roosevelt
freezes Axis credits in United States.
June: 16-United States closes all
German consulates.
'June 22-Germany, Italy and Ro-
mania declare war on Russia.
June 25-Finland = enters
against Russia.
July 7-American naval
land in Iceland.
July 13-Britain and Russia pledge
joint action against Germany, -
July 24-Japanese troops. move
into French Indo-China,
July 25-United States and Britain
freeze Japanese credits.
July 26-Japan freezes United
States-British credits. Roosevelt
war
forces
; war.
calls Philippine military forces into
United States service.
Aug. 14-Rumored Roosevelt-
Churchill sea conference confirmed
by announcement of eight-point
program later known as Atlantic
Charter. |
Aug.-25-British
troops invade Iran.
Oct. 19-State of siege declared in
Moscow. -
Novy. 94. Russians begin counter-
offensive: west of Rostov.
Dec. %-Japanese attack Pearl
Harbor.
'Dec.
and Russian
8-United States" 'declares
Japs attack Midway. -
"Dec. 10-Japanese. land in Philip-
pines. British lose battleship Prince
| ear on Germany and Italy after
earlier Axis declarations..
battleship Haruna sunk by United
'landing forces atiack Wake.
4 States Navy take over French ships
Dec. 1i-United States declares
Japanese
States'.Army airmen: Japanese
~ Dec, 12-Guam occupied. United
in United States,
mandie.
Dec. 16-Germans retreating along
entire eastern. front.
DCs 23-Wake falls after 14-day
fdetatise |
=e J8C, 25--Hong: Kong falls:
Dec. 27---Manila bombed despite
declaration it is open city. :
1942,:
Jan. 1-United Nations pact
signed pledging no: spenatate: peace
with Axis.
Jan. 2 dadanese occupy Manila.
Jan. 14-First ship is torpedoed
off Atlantic Coast. � .
Jan. 17--Prime Minister Churchill
returns to :London after visit to
United States. ~.
Jan, 21-Five- hundred- mile Brit-
ish penetration into Libya checked
by. Rommel.
"Jan. 23-Rio de Janeiro confer-
ence of 21 American. republics rec-
ommends Axis break.
Jan. 27-First American troops ar-
rive in Northern Ireland.
Feb. 1-United States Navy raids
Gilbert. and -Marshall Islands.
Feb, 9-French liner Normandie
ravaged by fire.
' Feb. 11-American troops safe-
guard oil refineries on Dutch is-
lands of Curacao and Aruba in the
Caribbean.
'Feb, 15-Singapore surrenders.
Feb. 27-Great naval battle begins
off Java; United States loses cruiser
Houston and: destroyer Pope.
March 9-Japanese overrun Java.
Rangoon, Burma's capital, falls.
March 16-War Department. an-
nounces "considerable, numbers" of
United States troops have arrived
in Australia.
March 17-Gen. Douglas Mac-
Arthur:reaches Australia from the
Philippines.
March 31-Japanese begin heavy
attacks on Bataan.
April 3-Announcement says Amer-
ican "Flying Tigers" in China de-
stroy more than 200 Japanese
planes,
April 9-Fighting ends on Bataan.
April 18-United States Amny
bombers, under Lt.-Col. James H.,
Doolittle, raid Tokio.
May 6-Corregidor falls.
May 7-British occupy French :is-
land of Madagascar.
May � 9-Gen. MacArthur an-
nounces five-day Coral Sea battle
in, which 17 Japanese ships sunk or
damaged.
May 12--Russians 'Jauneh- offen~-
sive against Kharkov. :
'May 26-Sixth Libyan campaign
including Nor-
Farley Sees Need of Aid
For Business After War
By the Associated Press. _
: FRENCH LICK, Ind., June 6.-
James -A. Farley, former national
-iDemocratic chairman and Postmas-
ter..General, asserted yesterday in
ancaddtess that "assistance of busi�}
ness" by � Government' will become | a|
street N.W., General Accounting
but appeared at the War Depart-|
said.
were-destroyed or. damaged: by fight-
er-bombers,, Heavy. bombers. meah-
while. pounded Northern Italy rail
| lines,:. particularly in the Po- Valley.
|Four enemy. planes were umes
ape phe Allies lost i a oY
ment, . "early _ this morning. Gen.
Marshajl...had �remained: on- 'duty
'there most 'oL.the.,night. . Before
dawn he :drove to Fort: Myer fora
i ae
rae ve
gine ae tiey's talk a tie convens
&
Chain Drug Stores here was'devoid
of political portent.
"The fixed charges of Gaveras|
ment," Mr. Farley said, "plus the
carrying charges of the war debts,
will necessitate our:striving :to pro-
few-hours sleep,-but was back: onsthe: duce an annual income approaching
'job: again early. today. 2%
Halifax' Voices Cotifidence.*'' -
From the highest officials to the}:
"man in the street" Washington re-
ceived the invasion news with high
confidence of long- awaited. victory.
Lord Halifax, the British Ambas-
sador, expressed his "complete con-
fiedence" in the 'Allied -forces and
their leaders.
"No doubt there will be tough
fighting ahead," he said, "but we all
have complete confidence in 'Gen.
Eisenhower, his deputy commanders
jand all the Allied troops." -
The Ambassador left early this
morning for Goucher College in
Baltimore, where he is delivering
the commencement address.
a Typical Comment.
Early today a -reporter for The
Star� asked a number of people on
the street what news of the in-
vasion meant to them. Typical
comment: 4
Mrs. U. H. Miller, 1312 Sixteenth):
street N.W., auditor, Internal Reve-
nue Department (Pennsylvania ave-
nue. and Twelfth street)-'Natural-
ly, when the President said in his
radio speech that there- were two
other: enemy capitals to be taken|.
soon, you would naturally conclude
that: he meant Berlin and Paris
next.
hurt in making the landing."
James D. Ray; 6615 Thirteenth
Office, war contract audit division
(Pennsylvania avenue and Twelfth
street)-"My son, Charlie, is a mas~
ter sergeant in a Commando outfit
now in England. He's been over
there 22 months and from what he}
has written me of the training his
outfit was given this thing is not.
going to be too tough in my opinion..
I believe they'll run those Heinies a
merry chase. It's great news."
'Looks Like Curtains."
Donald O. Goins, 5517 Third street
N.W., Capital Transit Co. operator
(Twelfth and E streets)-'"It looks
like the final curtain for those guys.
I figured that gal on the teletype
last .Saturday wasn't kidding. I
hope it's not too tough on the kids
who had to make the landing."
Miss Joan Humbert, 3206 South
Glebe road, Arlington, Va., clerk,
National Housing Agency (Twelfth.
and F streets)-"I figure this brings
the end of the war a little nearer.
We've been keyed up these last two
weeks, waiting for this news. I
don't think the war has a great deal
longer to. go and I hope not too.
many of the fellows were hurt in
the landing."
Many Washingtonians turned to
prayer for the success of the in-
vasion and the WEST S of the
troops.
Schools Hold Services.
Robert L. Haycock, superinten-
dent of schools, set 10:30 a.m. as an
hour of prayer in all schools of the
city. In the high schools, the corps
of cadets carried the national colors
to the platforms and school bands
played military music.
While thousands of words on the
invasion poured into newspaper of-
fices and the studios of broadcasting
companies, the OWI today warned
Americans to be wary of Axis re-
ports.
"Anything the Axis radio puts out
is in their own interest," Mr. Davis
i $ 15Q, 000,000,000. -
ijment, can only result from Tull-bime
It's awfully fine news and}
TIT hope too many-.of the boys weren't}
Such:an achieves
employment.
"It. only Needs for he eres a be}:
eleared, the brakes which: have been
applied: during the war to be gradu-
ally relaxed, the tax' burden 'lifted,
international trade barriers to be
leveled and world credit and finance
to 'be provided. Then business,
lightened of these burdens, can
'move in the realms of the 'American
way of life' as it always has."
Mr. Farley said' he believed "6G.
nomic problems, which at the close:
of this: war will be as great, if not
greater than political problems, 'the |,
continuation, stimulation and -as-
sistance of business by Government
will become a prerequisite to our r�-
covery."
McCallum
(Continued From First. Page.)
playing cards and reading maga-
zines. They've all been compil�tely |.
briefed on their part in the opera-,
tion. They know the trouble they
are running into and what to. expect
in opposition.
They talk little about it. Their
minds are. on the pitch game or
what the blonde on the magazine
cover did, rather than war. At
least that is their sa aka appear-~
ance.
We rode to war in a bus from
our base far inland. As we traveled
down those winding, leafy roads
the bus groaned and creaked up
every little hill.. We finally made it
just after dawn.
Loading on a big Navy craft for
rD- day? We didn't know it depended
on so many factors. But the men
knew soon that this was 'It" with
a capital "I"; that all their months
of training, those hours of night
maneuvers and those endless train-
ing jaunts were behind them. They
knew this was the "pay-off." They
knew that. in some dim dawn a few
hours away they would face an en-
keeps.
Fear of excitement, They knew
nothing about it, even though only
a few had been in combat before.
"What the hell?" said a sergeant.
"We know we've done 'everything
that could be done. We know we
can fight, and we have good weap-~
ons. Some of us are going to get
hurt, so what the hell? It's war,
isn't it?
later-those of us who make it."
Eisenhower Watches
Air Armadas Roar
Across Channel
By the Associated Press,
SUPREME HEADQUAR-
TERS, Allied Expeditionary
Force, June 6-As the battle
opening the western front raged
in Northern France, Gen.
Eisenhower occupied a lonely
post on this side of the channel.
'After inspecting parachute
troops before they went into
the fray, the director of his-
tory's greatest amphibious
strike stood on the roof of a
house watching the huge air
armadas roar across the Chan-
nel,
Be ath of our Bet elie: aftet.
tion of the National Association of'
'| the soil of Western: Europe:
emy who would be shooting for}
We'll know all about it]:
Nov. 14-British dig for 1,000 dead
By WES GALLAGHER, |
Associated Pr�ss War Correspondent.
SUPREME HEAD QUARTERS,
Allied Expeditionary Force, June 6.
+-Ino this military' Shangri-La, 'clev-
mucli of' his wealth' to"have' l�arned
it, even. up to'a few hours: ago."
But togay he* was' given' it 'free
of charge."
his life and, power eventually. 'The
'secret naturally was "'D-day and
H-hour." )
D-da
soldiers were expected to s�t foot on
Dates Set for Operations.
Hard supply necessities and. the
complications of modern amphibi-
ous warfare. made it.necessary that
these two factors be known months.
in advance.
The dates were set for the arrival
of troops, guns and tanks. The dates
for air attacks.on specific. objec-
tives. Dates. for establishing bases.
Dates for the capture of key ports.
Dates are not figures on the calen-
dar. They are scheduled in termi-
nology like this: D- plus-five, or D-
minus-six. The first means five days
after the troops .land.: The second
means six days. before the day. for
attack.
Hundreds of thousands. of lives
depended on a successful D-day
choice. If the weather was bad and
the water rough. thousands of sol-
diers might be drowned in_ the
treacherous surfs off the European
coast. If it was too light at night
the 'convoys might be broken up and
the soldiers landed on the wrong
beaches. If the tides were wrong
the ships might be stranded. Any
one of a hundred things might go
amiss.
Weather for 25 Years Studied.
Every aid of military science hid-
ing under a cloak of camouflage here
was brought forth to aid the su-
preme commander in his difficult
choice.
British and Ameri ican weather ex-
perts studied reports for
quarter of a century over �very foot
of coast. They figured the exact
hours of darkness and light. Cana-
dian, British and American air force
erly "hidden from snooping Geran |
'spy iplanes, the war's: greatest secret
was hatched early: this. yeari 660) 7)
Adolf "Hitler" would � hav�' squan-|
} dered the livesef 10 divisions. and
| Navy men made stheir eStimates.
. Russians 'Study Problems. pee
'And it-may cost him]
ys was" 'pilitary tetthinplogy.
for the day of the great Allied at-})%
tack. H-hour' Was the exatt hour}:
British; Canadian ' and American
the last
Every Aid of Military Science
Used in Selection of D-Day
tives and estimated how long it was
going to take to beat the German
air force to a pulp.
Then these men walked down the
long. corridors, heavily. guarded by
MPS,. and presented their. 'Invasion}
date to Gen... Eisenhower.
'assembled at" designated" points.
;
A
a
In Moscow, Russians studied. 'their
problems and how best to correlate
foperations on both' east and west
fronts. In the Mediterranean," the
'Allied staff thes� sent in 'th�ir data.
"With all this' before 'him)* th� "su-
prefne �ommander spent long' hours
in' his office 'selecting and r�jecting
-finally hitting on one date. It}.
*}probably: didn't coincide: with any
submitted but was the 'best Lo spaas
compromise. |
"A general | needs "husk. " Geh.
'Eisenhower once said in North Af-
rica.
And Gen. Eisenhower is a "lucky"
general. He picked D-day for the
African invasion 60 days ahead of
time, with the scientific odds 9 to 1
against. him that French Morocco's
|iron coast would be swept by tides
and waves: that would make land-
ings impossible except for three days
of the month. But D-day found
the waters fairly calm. �.
He picked the Sicily invasion date
more than a month in advance and
except for a high wind early in the
night the time was almost perfect.
The same happened at Salerno.
Gen. Eisenhower cannot be called
superstitious but he carries a small
purse on "tough" days. It contains
his "lucky" coins which he rubbed
befor� the African, Sicilian and
Italian invasions. And there was
no doubt he was rubbing them last
night.
Catholic Sindy Guild'
Elects Mrs. James
Mrs. Leland James was elected
president of the Study Guild of the
Catholic Library last night. Other
officers elected were Mrs. Joseph C.
Quigley, -vice president, and. Miss
Estelle Moran, secretary. Re-elected
were Miss Nelle' Kovers, treasurer,
and Miss. Clara Harrington, librar-
ian. The meeting was held in the
reading room of St. Matthew's rec-
"Allied supply chiefs estiriate d 'How's The two children were 'Lawrence,
many guns and tanks were required}
'and by, what' date they could be}.
2 pital,
/ous requirements in the proposed |
an be condenmed as 'nuisances.
Two More Children
Treated for Rat Bites
As the Commissioners discussed
yesterday proposed ordinances to
require mandatory rat-proofing of
buildings, the Health Department
reported that two more children, Hest:
been bitten by rats. 5
9, and Michael Davis, 4, of the 1400
block of Swann. 'street 'New,, Pi "They
'were treatetl for bites on' the' arm,
hose and ear at Children's Hos-)
"Cominissiones- Guy Secon? Said |
that, it had. been found that vari-
'ordinances. could be. enforced. under
present regulations.
'mitted to thepcity heads last: m6
ings.
of new buildings could be required
under the building cede, while pres-
ent buildings found harboring 'rats
'Legislation, it was believed, would
be necessary to require rat-proofing
of present buildings without a rat
nuisance.
The regulations are now being re-
studied. by Health Officer George
C. Ruhland and Maj. Wililam H.
Cary, jr., director of the Bureau
of Sanitation. Public hearings will
be held, with requests having been
received for an opportunity to dis-
cuss the proposals from real estate
qgealers and- private exterminating
firms. :
Superintent of Schools Robert L.
Haycock said he has the draft of a
proposed pamphlet on rodent con-
trol that will be distributed among
school children in the near future.
opens with Axis thrust toward To-
bruk.
planes drop 6,000,000 pounds
bombs on Cologne in greatest air at-
tack in history.
Harbor,
~. July. 1-Ger mans capture Sevasto-
"| Africa,
The plangs sub '
ath |
called for mandatory 'Tat- -proofing
of existing buildings: and diy, Bulld~ |
Mr, Mase. said. that: ut "urooriie |
May 30-More than 1,000 RAF
of
June 3-Japanese bomb Dutch
Alaska.
June. 5-Japanese naval forces at-
tacking Midway Island smashed by
American naval and air power in
great battle.
June 11-United States and Rus-
sia sign mutual aid pact.
June 12-Japanese land in Aleu-
tians,
June 18-Churchill comes to United
States again.
June 21-British announce loss of
Tobruk,
June 22-Japanese
shells Oregon coast.
June 23--Nazi armored forces roll
toward, Egypt.
submarine
pol,
July 4-United States Army bomb-
ers stage first raid on Western Eu-
rope. -
July 5+Germans claim break-
through to Don River in 100-mile
advance.
July 17-Japs occupy three islands
in Aleutians. -
July 27-Russians evacuate Ros-
tov.
Aug. 8-American forces:land on
Guadalcanal.
Aug, 19-Dieppe raid brings heavy
losses to Allied forces; American
Rangers take part.
Sept. 1,-United States and Aus-
tralian troops drive Japs from new
beachhead at Milne Bay, in New
Guinea.
Sept. 17--Nazis penetrate Stalin-
prad.
Sept. 23-Russians launch coun-
teroffensive in Stalingrad area.
Oct. 23-Gen. Bernard L. Mont-
gomery breaks Axis El Alamein line
and starts the drive which was to
hurl the Axis from North Africa.
Nov. 8-American and_ British
forces land in French. Northwest
Nov. 11-Germans occupy all
France, Americans capture Casa-
blanca and Oran, ending French re-
sistance.
Nov. 12-United States wins three-
day naval battle in Solomons.
Nov. 13-Drafting of 18 and 19
year olds ordered in United States.
British 8th Army takes Tobruk.
Nov. 19-Russians open winter of-
fensive at Rzhev and Stalingrad.
Nov. 20-Bengasi taken.
Nov. 27-Most of French fleet
scuttled at Toulon as Germans at-
tempt to seize vessels.
Dec. 12-British reach their old
high-water mark at El Agheila.
Dec. 24-Admiral Darlan assas-
sinated.
1943.
J an. 18-Seventeen-month siege of
Stalingrad broken.
Jan. 24-Tripoli, capital of Italy's
last colony in Africa, falls.
Jan. 26-President. Roosevelt and
Prime Minister Churchill hold "un-
conditional surrender" conference at
Casablanca.
Jan. 27-Heavy bombers make first
all-American assault on Germany.
Feb. 10-Guadalcanal completely
taken. Eighth Army crosses into
Tunisia.
Feb. 21-Germans take Kasserine
Pass in. Tunisia from Americans.
Feb. 25-Kasserine Pass Eepepppied
'by American troops. ve
March. 3-Japanese convoy' of 10
warships, 12 transports destroyed off
New Guinea.
May T--Tunis- and Bizerte cap-
tured by Alties,
May. 11-Churchill
Washington.
May 12-All. Axis 'resistance in
Africa ends in the Cap Bon. Penin-
sula, .
May 14- American. troops land on
Attu. ae
May 16-RAF blasts two. 'Ruhr
Gams
- May 30-Japanese "garrison on
Attu wiped: out.
June 11-Italy's island 'outpost of
Pantelleria falls after heavy pound-
ing from the air.
July 5-United States wins naval
battle with Japanese in Kula Gulf.
July 5-German summer offensive
in Russia is halted.
July 7-American troops land on
Munda.
July
Sicily.
July 19-Rome bombed for first
time.
July 22-Palermo, Sicilian capi-
tal, falls.
July 25-Mussolini resigns; Mar-
shal Badoglio becomes' Prime Min-
ister.
Aug. 1--175 United States Libera-
tors from Middle East blast Ploesti
refineries.
Aug. 2-RAF makes ninth attack
on Hamburg in 10-day �8,000-ton
"arrives in
10-Allied forces ~ invade
50 Vacationists Wanted
To Harvest Virginia Hay
John Jones, head of farm recruit-
ing for the District area, today is-
sued a call for 50 Washington va-
cationists. to help harvest hay in
hearby Virginia.
Mr. Jones said volunteers will be
paid 50 cents an hour and will be
housed at Herndon, where they will
be picked up each morning ty farm-
ers needing help in hay fields. Vol-
unteers must be willing to work at
least three days, he said.
Volunteers. should contact Mr.
Jones at the United States Employ-
ment: Service - office, Fifth and K
streets N.W.
was received by residents of the Capital.
in the crowds which sinha lea around amplifiers.
chiefs were given. specified objec-| tory, 1725 Rhode Island avenue N.W.
INVASION NEWS-This crowd, outside a Washington radio store listening to latest flashes on
Allied landings on the French'-coast, typifies the sober, serious interest with which the news
Soldiers and sailors and veterans of the last war were ps
os
'behind Lae, New Guinea, encircle
record-breaking blitz.
Aug. 15-United States forces oc-
cupy Kiska.in Aleutians.
Aug. 17-Conquest of Sicily com-
pleted.
Aug. 23-Russians take Kharkov
for second time of summer.
Aug. 24-Roosevelt and Churchill
meet at Quebec,
Aug. 25--Lord Mountbatten named
Allied commander for attack on
Burma.
Aug. 28-King Boris of Bulgaria
dies after reported split with Hitler.
Aug. 29-Danes scuttle their fleet
in revolt against Nazis, King is
seized.
Aug. 30-Reds storm through
Taganrog, southern pivot of Ger-
man line.
Sept. 3-British 8th Army invades
Italy across Messina Strait.
Sept. 7-American paratroops land
OF, FRANCE
Sept. 8-Italy surrenders uncon-
ditionally; armistice was signed in
Sicily Sept, 3.
Sept. 9.-American-British 5th
Army invades Italy at Salerno.
Sept. 10-German troops shell and
seize Rome.
Sept. 11-Most of Italian fleet es-
capes to the Allies.
Sept. 13-MacArthur takes Sala-
maua airfield in New Guinea.
Sept. 19-Italians seize Sardinia
for the Allies. |
Sept. 21-Churchill promises .in-
vasion of Europe from west.
Sept. 26-Smolensk falls to Rus-
Sians,
Sept. 27-Americans breach Nazi
line east of Naples, British capture
| Foggia.
Oct. 1-5th Army takes Naples,
Oct, 5-United States Navy and
planes pound Wake Island. .
Oct. 12-Portugal, grants Great
Britain naval and-~air antisub-
marine bases in Azores.
Oct. 13-Italy declares
Germany.
Oct. 14-Biggest Pacific air fleet
bombs Rabaul, smashes 177. planes.
Oct. 18-Hull and Eden in Mos-
cow for conference with Molotov
on unity in war and peace,
Oct, 26-Reds capture Dnepro-
petrovsk,
Nov. i1-Americans land
Bougainville.
Nov. 6-Kiev falls,
second front near.
Nov. 21-United States forces
have landed on Makin and Tarawa
Islands,
Dec. 4~-Roosevelt
Stalin meet at Teheran.
Dec. 12-Russians, Czechs
20-year pact.
Dec. 16-United States 6th Army
makes surprise landing on New
Britain,
Dec. 24-Hisenhower
invasion of Europe.
Dec. 30.-United States marines
capture strategic airdrome at Cape
Gloucester.
War on
on
Stalin calls
Churchill-
sign
to direct
1944.
Jan. 4-Reds smash across Polish
line.
Jan. 17-Russia bars negotiations
with Poland.
Jan. 22-Allies land behind Nazi
lines about 20 miles south of Rome.
Jan. 31-United States amphibious
troops invade Marshall Islands at
Kwajalein.
Feb. 17-Americans land on Eni-
wetok Atoll in Marshalls. |
March i-American destroyer-
borne troops land on Admiralty
Island. MacArthur on hand for
surprise blow.
March 3-United States planes fly
over Berlin for the first time.
March 10-Hire rejects United
States call to oust Axis envoys.
March 20-German troops occupy
Hungary.
March 24-German occupation of
Romania is confirmed.
March 31-Russia ends Sakhalin
oil concession to Japan.
April 3-Russians
mania.
April 3-Nazi battleship Tirpitz
crippled by British planes.
April 4-American Fortresses and
Liberators bomb Bucharest for first
time,
April 5-Ploesti, Romania, again
raided by United States bombers.
April 9-Russians reach Czech
frontier, advance. 40 miles into Ro-
mania.
April 10-Red Army takes Odes-
double-pronged drive. opened
invade Ro-
88,
Jin Crimea.
captures
April 12-Red Army
in
Tiraspol, advances 43. miles
Crimea; frees Kerch Peninsua.
April 14-Announce Eisenhower
probably will rule defeated Ger-
many and her satellites. Russians
roll through 75 per cent of Cri-
mea, capture capital and two sea-
ports.
April 15-Russians drive to with-
in 3% miles of Sevastopol. Crimea
virtually cleared of Axis troops. -
April 17-Britain bans envoys'
travel and use of code and uncen-
sored diplomatic pouches in un-
precedented action.
April 2i1-Americans = establish
beachheads at Hollandia and Aitape
in New Guinea, encircling 60,000
enemy troops.
April 22-Finland rejects Soviet
peace terms.
April 28-Five thousand planes
hit Nazis in 24 hours; Friedrich-
shafen hit today.
May 1-United States transport
sunk in Mediterrean, 498 men lost.
May 2-American sea and air at-
tack blasts Truk, 126 Japanese
planes destroyed. Nazi rail lines
reported in chaos 100 miles from
west coast of Europe as result of
Allied bombiags.
May 10-Red Army captures Se-
vastopol.
May 11-Allies begin great new
offensive in Italy; Germans view it
as prelude to invasion of Western
Europe.
May 12-Last Nazis in Crimea
wiped out. Allied armies in Italy
make 2 to 3 mile gains.
May 14-Gigantic Allied aerial of-
fensive against Europe completes 29
consecutive days before interruption
by bad weather.
May 15-Chinese open offensive
westward toward Burma in move to
link up with Stilwell forces pushing
east.
May 18-Cassino, bastion of Ger-
man defenses in Southern Italy, falls
to British and Poles; German Gus-
tav Line destroyed.
June 2-Flying Fortresses, estab-
lish shuttle-bombing service between
European theater and Russia, using
first American bases on Soviet soil.
June 4-Fifth Army captures
Rome.
June 6-Allies begin invasion of
20, 000 Japs,
Western Europe.
-e
SSS
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LEE
Sth Army Soldiers -
Hear Pope Thank God
For Sparing Rome
By the Associated Press.
ROME, June 6.-Pope Pius XII last
night gave thanks to God before an
enormous crowd, including Soldiers
of the victorious Allied 5th Army, in
the square before St. Peter's that
Rome was spared . the ravages of
War.
The pontiff also expressed thanks
to "both belligerent parties" for
Saving the city. His words, deliv-
ered with his hands outstretched,
brought. prolonged applause . from
the multitude.
It was perhaps the greatest crowd
gathered there since his coronation.
The assemblage was estimated at
between 250,000 and 500,000 persons.
' Early in the afternoon - word
spread through the city that the
Pope would mark the Allies' en-
trance into Rome by appearing on
the balcony of St. Peter's at 6 p.m.
Half an hour before that time a
. great crowd was gath�red there and
long lines of people still were mak-
'ing their
Basilica.
Rome was virtually intact after
the German retreat. The Vatican
was entirely unmolested.
The tert of the Pope's remarks
as broadcast in Spanish by the
Vatican radio and reported by
the Federal POETS OCs
Commission:
Rome yesterday was fearful for
the lives of her sons and daughters
and for the fate of her incompar-
able treasures of religion and cul-
ture. She was faced with the
dreaded specter of war and of un-
imaginable destruction.. Today she
Sees salvation with new hope and
serene confidence: Therefore, with
a deeply thankful spirit, we 'raise
our minds and hearts in praise and
adoration to God, one and triune,
to the Father, Son and Holy Ghost
on whose solemn feast,
divine mercy, both belligerent par-
ties were inspired (word missed in
monitoring) in honor of our relig-
ion and of the Eternal City that has
been spared from seietuere ie
peril.
With' untold gratitude we vene-
rate the Holy Mother of God, our
Mother Mary, who to the centuries
and glories of the Roman people has
- added a new token of her maternal
kindness, which will be perpetuated
in the annals of the city. We rev-
erently bow to the Apostles Peter
and Paul whose serene hands have
protected the land once steeped in
the sweat of their apostolic fatigue
and in the blood of their oan she
martyrdom. |
You, sons of saints and Haige of a
. past unique in history, show your-
Selves to be worthy of the grace you
have received and adapt your lives
and customs to the gravity . and
serenity of the present hour with
the formidable duties that await you
in the future. Overcome impulse as
'Well as internal and external discord
in the spirit of gener ous brotherly
honor, controlling instincts. of ran-
cor, revenge and egotism with senti-
ments of noble and prudent rever-
ence and solicitude and ever more
generous help to the needy and to
the faithful. Sursum corda.
Lift up your hearts, we say to
you loudly, and we are sure that}
unanimously. and without' one ex-
ception your hearts will reply "we
'have lifted them up to heaven." It
_.. 1s with this hope that we give all of
you who 'are. present, to your families |
_ and to-your loved ones who are far
- away our apostolic benediction,
Msgr. George Johnson
To Be Buried Friday
The pontifical requiem mass for
the Right Rev. Msgr. George John-
son, 55, associate professor of edu-
cation at Catholic University, who.
dropped dead- yesterday in the
middle of his commencement ad-
dress in Notre Dame Auditorium at
Trinity College, will be sung by the
Most Rev. Michael J. Curley, Arch-
bishop of Baltimore and Washing-
ton, at 10 a.m. Friday in the Na-
tional Shrine of the Immaculate
Conception on the university campus.
He will be buried in Mount Olivet.
Cemetery.
The body will lie in state in Cald-
well Hall on the university campus |,
from late this afternoon until 7:39
p.m. Thursday. The body then will
be taken to the Shrine of the Im-
maculate Conception where the
Office of the Dead will be recited by
-members of the clergy at 8 p.m.
D.C. Typographical Union:
Is Readmitted to CLU
After being out of the Central
' Labor Union for about three years,
during which it was not affiliated
with the American Federation of
'Labor, the Columbia Typographical
Union last night was welcomed back
-at the Central Labor Union meeting
at Building Laborers' Hall.
~ John Locher, president 'of the
* GLU, called. on 3 of the 11 Colum-
bia delegates to speak-Jesse Man-
beck, president of the Typographical
Union; Frank Morrison, former sec-
retary of the AFL, and John B.
Dickman, sr., who was president of
Columbia for five years. The re-
affiliation followed vote of the In-
ternational Typographical Union to
- returning to the AFL and approval
yesterday by AFL President Wil-
liam Green of the local delegates'
return to CLU.
Brookland Opnoses
Election of D. C. Heads
Election of District government
officials by granting suffrage to
Washington citizen was opposed,
but no objection was voiced to the
election by local ballot of repre-
sentatives of the District to Con-
gress and the electoral college, in
a resolution adopted Sunday by the
Executive Committee of the Brook-
land Citizens' Association. ~
'The committee indorsed the pres-
ent form of city government as "'the
best in. the United States" and
'stated that it favored the continued
appointment by the President of
District officials. The resolutions
were adopted at a meeting at the
home of Marvin M. McLean, presi-
derit of the association, at 1551
Newton street N.E.
Senator Bilbo, Democrat,
sissippi was ~ congratulated .
appointment as chairman' of the
Senate District Committee in an-
other resolution adopted by the
citizens' group. Another placed the
Brookland association on record as
favoring the reappointment of Guy
Mason as District Commissioner.
Finally, the committee announced
that it opposed the'construction of
low-cost housing for colored resi-
dents in areas where whites pre-
dominate,
on his
way on foot to the| #
through
ROMANS CHEER LIBERATORS-A Hirorie of Rome citizens sather" in Mussolini Rolare Me clase
the Allied units who swarmed into the Italian capital.
The crowd is gathered around a sound
truck which agai an American flag, while another group. hems in an Allied tank '(right rear).
-A. P, Photo via Signal Corps Radio,
Italian women on the edge of Rome prepare a meal for. American infantrymen sriinigh be
Fore the final push into the Eternal City. : ,
Lt. Gen: Mark W. Clark, cormurender of the 5th APY. and
Maj. Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther, chief of staff, are. greeted by
a priest at. the entrance to the 'Vatican.
| -Signal Corps Radio 'Telephotos from Italy.
{ed on the flank by the sea.
of Mis-
Natural Pathway for Invasion
The Cherbourg Peninsula,
point on the Normandy coast chosen
by Allied commanders for the initial
invasion. thrust, forms a natural
pathway into France, the Associated
Press said today in an analysis of
the geography of the invasion coast,
The neck of land, from 25 to 60
miles wide, extends out 70 miles
toward the English coast and the
great port of Cherbourg, on the tip)
of the peninsula,-is only 75 miles
from Bournemouth, England.
At the point where the first land-
ings were made the coastline. curves
in a great crescent from Cherbourg
to Le Havre. There is much shoal
water, a number of rocky beaches
and, at frequent intervals, treacher-
ous tidal conditions, the AROS YER
Press dispatch asserted.
However, once a. foothold is es-
tablished, the Allies.can attack along
either side of the peninsula, protect-
Pene-
trations inland would clear all of
Normandy and open a clear path
down the valley of the Seine River
the.
to Paris.. Le Havre, at the eastern
end of the' beachhead established
today, is but 100 air line miles from
the former French capital.
Lt. Col. Victor M. Morrison of the
French. military: mission here,' in a
broadcast today over the Columbia
Broadcasting .System, vividly de-
scribed the section of France. where
the fiercest fighting is now taking
place.
"Between Carentan and Cher-
bourg," Col. Morrison 'said, "the
beach can be used easily for landing
purposes. Inland in. the Caen' re-
gion the country is rather flat and
is known as the Plain of Caen. This
is ideal terrain for armored cars
and motorized vehicles."
Along the coast from Cherbourg
to Le Havre, where the landings)
were made, Col. Morrison explained,
small ports such as Grand Camp
and Bort En Bessin and Trouville
can be very useful at the beginning
of an invasion. A canal running
from the sea to Caen, a city of
100,000 population, can accommo-
date. small craft. .
Silver Wings Presented
To 170 at West Point
By the Associated Press. :
WEST POINT, N. Y., June 6-
Silver wings identifying them: as
pilots in the Army: Air Forces were
presented yesterday to 170 air cadets
of the graduating class of the Mili-
tary Academy. Maj. Gen. Robert
W. Harper, assistant chief of Army
air staff training, made the presen-
tation in ceremonies at Trophy
Point.
The academy's commencement
exercises will be held today.
Gen. Harper was instrumental in
devising the program which enables
cadets to win their wings. before
leaving West Point.
In another ceremony Yesterday,
"ole grads" of the academy, led by
Col. George Morgan, retired, of the
class of 1880, placed a wreath at the
monument to Col..Sylvanus Thayer,
"father of the academy."
Lt. Gen, Brehon B. Somervell,
commander of the Army Service
Forces, will deliver the commence-
ment address today.
Allied Armies Represent
Cause of Liberty, Hull Says
By the Associated Press.
HERSHEY, Ha, jibe 6.-Secre-
tary of State Hull said today. the
Allied armies landing in Europe
"never more truly: represented the
cause of liberty and of mankind."
The Secretary, vacationing here,
declared in a statement: ;
"Our brave Allied armies, today
waging the most pivotal battle of 'all
time, never more truly represented
the cause of liberty and of man-
"The forces of savagery, desperate-
Jy.endeavoring to destroy the hu-
man race, are making their last
stand.
"While we fight and pray and
while we know that the fighting will
be hard, we confidently look forward
{to a great historic Allied victory.
fit is a military area."
Aiberation' he said:
"We must then pledge qur all that.
never again shall the forces of hu-
man. destruction be let loose on the
workd. oy
shrines, is preserved:
after his regular: working hours.
|
Fall of Rome Hailed
By Archbishop Stritch
'| By the Associated: Press,
CHICAGO, June i Meaitag
Samuel A. Stritch of Chicago, com-
: menting. on the liberation of Rome,
declared. yesterday "We hope that.
the way is now open for the de-
% claring of Rome an open city. to re-
move the danger to it. as. whe: as
Asked for a 'statement | on
"It is a great. Ditietapuian: oe the
entry. to Rome was achieved: without
|making it a battlefield, and that the
|mother-city of the Christian world,
'| with its priceless cultural . monu-
ments and - venerated . Teligious
"Good men everywhere rejoice
over the saving of Rome. from
further damage or destruction.
"We have the greatest 'confidence
|that in our hands the city will-be
safe and our holy father, the Pope,
will be given. full. freedom in the
discharge of: the duties of. the : su-
scloes 4 pastor of the. church."
Kleberg Denies Giving
Orders to Fire Boy
Representative Kleberg, Democrat,
of Texas, denied late yesterday that
he had discharged | 13-year-old
Robert, Jackson,, Capitol page boy,
who complained 'about. having to
kick back part: of his pay to 'the
t Kleberg office. |
C herbourg Peninsula Is Called
"Deductions were made aay ida |
salary to defray office expenditures
for duties which he could not. per-
form,". Mr. Kleberg said. in a pres
pared statement.
Phe statement: said. the boy "was
not fired by. me and my office' has
given no instructions to any one to
remove him from the pay roll." -
Mr. Kleberg. added that Ralph R,
Roberts, doorkeeper' of. the. House,
had discharged the boy. for failure
to report for duty.
The 'duties he- could: 'not: per-
form," it was explained at Mr. Kle-
berg's office, were the. duties of a
Capitol patronage employe to-. his
patron, such as. stuffing envelopes
AS
the boy was unable to devote any of
his time to. this, it was explained,
an arrangement was made under).
which he returned $39 of his -$129.50
a month pay toward the hire of an
extra clerk.
Coroner fo Probe Death
Of Man in Auto Crash
The District 'coroner' Ss 'office will
conduct an inquest today into the
fatal accident in' March,: in which
| Albert V. Hodge, 35, of 2920. Eighth
street N.E. was instantly killed: when
his -automobile was 'struck and. de-
molished by a streetcar at Fourth
and G streets N.W. The streetcar
was operated by Wilmer C. Moore, |
'|42, of 646 M street S.W., according
to. police.
. Also. scheduled for inquiry today
is the death of Allen Burgess, 3-
month-old . colored infant, 2227
Twelfth. place N.W. The baby was
killed when an automobile in which
he was. a passenger hit a tree in
the 1800 block Eleventh. street N.W.
March 19. Police said the car was
driven by Joe Chisholm, 61, colored,
453 N street N.W. . :
House Votes to Eytchd.
Sugar Control 2 Years
By the Associated Press.
Over the protests of Florida mem-
bers the House passed and 'sent to
the Senate yesterday legislation con-
tinuing the Sugar Control Act an-
other two years.:
The law regulates both domestic
crops and imports and provides
grower quotas which, however, have}
been in ieee acisul since ae war
broke out,
{thetic �with their problems.
|the Mussolini dictatorship he be-
'{came little more than a figurehead.
i a x
'the Sa ad oe be serious.
4% SAAT 4
Victor Turns Over
Powers fo Umberto,
Keeping His Pledge.
"By the Associated Press,
old King Victor, Emmanuel III has
on the liberation of Rome, and
stepped 'out of public life, turning
over his "royal prerogatives" to his
39-year-old son, Crown Prince Um-
berto.
The King took. his action veater
day in a decree countersigned by
Premier. Badoglio, which named
Umberto "lieuterfant general" of. the
realm.
royal prerogatives. without excep-
tion," said the decre�, which was
signed by the King at Ravello, just
Outside. Naples, and d�livered to
the Council of Ministers:
'Through his. action. the monarch
continues. to head 'the. House of
Savoy. In effect, Umberto | becomes
the King's regent. .
Italian political parties had been
insistent since the Allied . capture
of Naples that the, King step down,
declared: his "irrevocable" 'decision
to retire. ,from public life "on the
day on "which. Allied troops enter
Rome."
In the 'first. years. of his' reign,
'which � began. July. 29, 1900, Victor
Emmanuel became 'known as a King
interested in his people and sympa-
Under
Umberto, tall, lean 'and erect, has
become. more and 'more prominent
politically since 1943. He became
a general in the Italian Army at 29
and a marshal in September, 1942.
His wife is Marie-Jose of Bel-
gium, whom 'he married' in 1930.
They have four children.
Streetcar Crashes
Into Pole: Four Hurt
'Three passengers anda pedestrian
were injured early last night when a
streetcar jumped the track at. Geor-
gia avenue and. Randolph street
N.W., crashed into a curb and struck
a. light pole.
'The pedestrian was Michael Moore,
59, of 3917 Georgia avenue N.W. He
was taken to Emergency Hospital
for treatment for lacerations.
Others: injured: -
. Joseph Miller, 44, of 1019 Webster
: | street N.W., suffered a bruised back.
He.also was removed to Emergency
Hospital. ' ;
'Mrs. Fannie Sandler, 65, of 7430
Georgia avenue N.W., was treated
at Walter Reed Hospital for cuts
on the hand. Morris Katz, 35, of
303 D street N.W., was treated: on
the scene by an ambulance physi-
cian. 7
The: operator of the streetcar was
listed by police as William -R.
Painter, 31, of 7313 Flower errr
Takoma Park, Md.
In another accident last: 'night
Alexander' C. Palmer, 30,;- of 3807
Thirty-fourth street, Mount. Rainier,
Md., was. injured: when. an:-automo-
bile: he was driving crashed into a}:
parked car in the 2300. block of
Rhode Island avenue NE., police
reported. He was: taken to Casualty |
Hospital, where his
Governor' ty Impeachment
Sought i in. Kentucky
By the Associated Press. sot
FRANKFORT, 'Ky., June 6-A
r�solution proposing an -investiga-
'| tion of: Republican 'Gov. Simeon
Willis' administration with a view
toward . impeachment proceedings
against the - Governor was read in
the Kentucky House last night, but
its sponsor, Representative Johnson
Miller," Taylorsville Democrat, did
not move for its adoption. . sag
'Mr. Miller, declaring: from the
Haor that Gov. WilJig should be in-
vestigated: for "his lexoken promises
and his refusal to adopt a. State
budget . * *.*" said he would insist
upon later adoption of the resolu-
tion if the Governor "persists in his
dictatorial Ways.' 8
The resolution and fa ecvat were
attacked immediately by Represent-
ative Claude L. Hammons, Repub-
lican, and Gov. Willis' stalwart in
the - ower chamber, as "the most
cowardly, cheaply drawn piece of pol-
itics, ever. presented to a, Kentucky
Legislature. in, 150 inocu of state-
hood,' bP �
L's deny� the. 'gentleman. from
Spencer when he says our Governor
is: not' honest," Mr. Hammons de-
clared. pg deny him: when he ears
our Governor is not able."
Speaker Harry Lee Waterfield re-
ferred. 'the. resolution. to the House
unys, and 'Means Committee.
New Personnel Unit
Set Up by Air Forces
Br the Associated Press,
The Army Air Forces 'announced
last night the establishment of a
new personnel distribution com-
mand to supervise the movement of
all Air Forces personnel going over-
seas or returning to this country
from. combat areas.
Col. Henry M. Bailey, Harlem, Ga.,
was named .commanding officer of
the new command, which will have
temporary headquarters in Atlantic
City, N. J... Col.. Bailey formerly
headed the AAF redistribution cen-
ter in Atlantic pele ant
'Baad 'and
Reformed |
| Grace Reformed
Church
15th and O Sts. N.W.
hed Calvin H. Wingert, D.D., Pastor
Church een for 'private D-Day prayer,
. �4300 to 9:00 p,m. Met.
'Congregational
First Church -
10th and G Sts. N.W.
Minister
Maw ed: Stone Anderson.
D-DAY SERVICES
(3:00-6:00-9:00 P.M.
| Rebrew
Washington Hebrew
Congregation
Sth and H Sts. NW.
, D-Day inhi 6:45.
NAPLES, June.6 Italy' & We Shave ;
made good his promise, contingent}
Prince Umberto "will exercise all|
remains. a King without power and].
'THE EVENING : STAR, Washington, D. C.
TUESDAY,
| ae ae
ft
JUNE 6, 1944,
"I'm an American, "* he told her.
PORT CHESTER, N. YX BALCONY ORATOR'S P ARENTS-_Mr. and Mrs. J anon Vita isateats ap-
proval when notified yesterday that their son John, whose picture is on the wall, had made a
speech from the same balcony in Rome Mussolini. used to threaten the Allies.
Corps cameraman, promised his mother that he would make the Speech when he got. to Rome,
"TY can do anything Musso can.
John, a Signal
-A,. P, Wirephnto.
and last April 12 Victor: Emmanuel)
Mapa was.
Invasion.
(Continued From First Page.)
covered the assault.
on the northern. coast of France."
when the real: blow was coming.
bay of the Seine area afire,
from Gen. Eisenhower. .
SHAEF as "the largest. in history."
many were seasick,
great assault.
ground.
action.
extensive tannies of the gigantic naval and air bombardments that
. Allied headquarters, however, kept silent until 9:32 a.m. British time
(3: 32 a.m. E. W. T.), when the following communique was issued:
. "Under the command of Gen. Eisenhower,
supported by strong air forces, began landing fied armies this morning
One: high officer explained that Gen. Eisenhower had kept resolutely.
silent until he was absolutely certain the landings had "taken hold."
It was disclosed that a number of unannounced feints had taken
place in the preinvasion period, $o that the Germans would not know
Warships of both the British and United States Navies, including
British and American battleships, hurled shells into the coastal defenses
which the Germans have been building for four years.
acknowledged that this fire was tremendous and that it had set the whole
Farewell From Eisenhower.
The an iatabi and glidermen went in after a. personal farewell
Great flotillas of mine soaks led the way to the beaches for the
Allied ground troops, and the sweeping operation sone was described by
. The Channel was rough and there was a shower of rain at dawn.
At supreme. headquarters it was stated that the condition of the sea had
caused some anxiety, but that the troops had gone ashore, even though
There was no confirmation: from Allied sources of a rumor that the
Caen airfields already had been. captured.
-Low-hanging clouds and artificial fog, with which the Allied forces
covered the landings, made it difficult to obtain a clear picture of the
The Channel weather' was somewhat unsettled, ie sun broke Jhepide. i
rae arden and the wind had moderated.
Hundreds of Parachutes and Gliders. ;
An Associated. Press correspondent, who flew over the scene in a B-26
bomber, reported | he saw hundreds of � parachutes and gliders on. the
The rice said their emergency reserves already had gone into
A high officer. a Allied headquarters described the landings as
actually the third phase of the battle to crush Hitler, the first having been
the gigantic air assault and the second the offensive in Italy.
French Patriots had been warned by Allied radios to withdraw at}
least. to a depth of 35 kilometers (22 miles).
_ While the French thus were warned away. from the inemiediate attack
area, an Allied officer 'at headquarters declared, "We have high hopes of
the underground in France, which we have aided so long
Allied naval forces,
The Germans
Petrillo Says Green
'Failed to Repudiate-
Mar Plant Strikes
By the 'Associated Press.
James C:. Petrillo of the AFL Amer-
ican Federation of Musicians | -yes-
terday accused William Green, pres-
ident of the American Federation
"big strikes in war plants."
In a speech to the AFM 48th
convention, 'Mr. Petrillo referred to
recent strikes by musicians at radio
stations WJJD, Chicago, and KSTP,
St. Paul, Minn., and said: |
"Did Bill Green. repudiate any
strikes of machinists on the. West
Coast when they tied up' munitions
and supplies. necessary for our sol-
diers?: Now we have a labor leader
raising � the flag and waving it in
our faces and declaring that. we will
lose the war because of a strike
against two little radio stations,
but. not doing anything -about the
big strikes in war plants."
Myr.
delegates: "Let's start right now
and clean up the racketeering as it
should be done. If you do away
they will not. be able to deal yi
the crooked labor leaders. - :
Me. demand, Mr. Green, that you
use all the power and money of
the American Federation of Labor
to see that the employers also are
convicted when they connive with
the labor leaders of the AFL."
The radio station strikes, ter-
minated by the War Labor Board,
followed Mr. Petrillo's demand that
change records on gig music"
programs,
Station KS TP Musicians
Vote Not to Strike
MINNEAPOLIS, June 6 (/) -Staff
musicians at Radio Station KSTP
voted, 8 to 6, yesterday not to strike
in an election conducted by the
Preshyterian
CHEVY CHASE
Chevy Chase Circle
J. HILLMAN. HOLLISTER,
DONALD L. LEONARD.
8:00 P.M.� 'Service of Prayer
THE COVENANT. FIRST
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH -
Conn. Ave. at N St. N.W.
A MINISTER
ALBERT JOSEPH. McCARTNEY, D.D.
Prayer for Our Men in Serviee
'Every. Hour on the Hour Until 8&8 P.M.
Episcopal
WASHINGTON.
CATHEDRAL.
D-DAY SERVICES
Every Hour on the Hour.
4:00 and 8:00 p.m. Bishop Dun.
ST. JOHN'S
Lafayette Square
D-Day Services
All day on the hour and half honr.
Speeial services 12:15 and 8:00 P.M.
'Minneapolis. office | ot: the National
'sicians' Union, AFL, which has pro-
[tested the 'station's refusal to sign;
an agreement guaranteeing perma-
nent employment to at anne eight
CHICAGO, June 6. - _ President.
of Labor, of failing to repudiate |
'flash of the news was received. Few
\early risers: had heard radio broad-
Petrillo also told the 7120 |7
with' the crooked employers, then.
union musicians .be employed - to.
| Labor Relations Board:
lrequest: of the Minneapolis Mu-
musicians: at $52:50 a week:
A three-man panel from 'the re-
recently conducted' 'a hearing on
points at issue and' a decision on
its findings is pending.
Bradley' s Home Town Prays
MOBERLY, Mo.; June 6 (F).-
Churches in. Moberly; home town
of Lt. Gen. Omar Bradley, com-
mander of American ground. forces
services a few minutes after the first
The strike vote was 'taken' at the}
gional War Labor Board at Chicago!
in the invasion, opened for prayer}
Tome See Nazis
As Jubilant
Over Invasion
By the Associated Press,
The Tokyo radio in its first ree
action to the western invasion to-
day quoted Nobuhiko Ushiba, fore
'mer secretary of the Japanese em-
bassy at Berlin, as saying he "could
well imagine the jubilation in the
German high command upon Tes
ceipt of the news."
' Ushiba cautiously ~ added that
whether this. invasion will develop
into a full-scale European second
front remains to be seen. |
Boasting of prepared Nazi de-
fenses and declaring the most fore
midable of them were between
Cherbourg and Dunkerque, -em-
bracing the area of the Allied
landings, Ushiba said the strongly
fortified defense lines would give
the Germans absolute advantage
in "inner line" operations.
He estimated that at least 60
crack German divisions are con-
centrated in these defense zones
and said the Luftwaffe could be ree
inforced. at a moment's. notice,
Arlington Tire Demand
Still Exceeding Quota
Demand still exceeds the quota. of
new passenger tires available for ra�
tioning in June, R. C. L.. Moncure,
chairman of the 'Arlington Rationing
Board, announced today:
The current month's quota is 600,
with applications already approved
for 837, Mr. Moncure said. Although
more new passenger tires were avail-
able in June than in May, he said,
there will be fewer heavy-duty truck
tires this month than last..
Keep Tuned
24 Hours
Daily for
Latest
I N VASI ON"
casts, however, sand attendance was
Small. �
SPOT NEWS
NEWS ROUNDUP
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BILLY REPAID
ARTHUR GAETH
BOAKE CARTER
RAY DADY
WALTER COMPTON
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FULTON LEWIS, JR.
ARTHUR HALE |
FRANK SINGISER
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BILLY REPAID
FULTON LEWIS, JR.
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"A-� *K TUESDAY, June 6, 1944
'May God Bless Them'
The time for speculation is over
now. The waiting, the anxious
suspense, the taut expectancy of the
armed young. men who for so long
have been poised to strike-all that
is at an end. For though they con-
stitute but the opening phase, the.
landings of our British, Canadian
and American forces in France
herald with thunder and flame the
invasion of Western Europe, the
great, the terrible, the awe-inspiring
event which for the past four years-
ever since the surrender of Petain-
has been anticipated by the free
world as the indispensable precon-
dition of liberation from one of the
hjackest tyrannies in history.
The days ahead-to be marked
perhaps by other landings else-
where-will be critical ones. The
task given our Allied forces-men
fighting at sea, men winging through
the air, men' parachuting through
the skies, men storming ashore and
reducing fixed fortifications-calls
for far more than the courage it
takes to establish beachheads. It calls
- for the resolution, the fortitude, the
sacrifice and the skilled leadership
required to beat back the violent
counterattacks of our desperate
enemy. -And as we know from
Salerno and Anzio, these may not
come for the next two or three
weeks, and not until they do come,
and are surmounted, will it be safe
to say that success has
achieved. ,
Here on the home front, moreover,
we must steel ourselves to the pos-
sibility that the casualties will be
heavier than those of any battle
heretofore fought by Americans.
For as President Roosevelt declared
last night, "victory still lies some
distance ahead," and the winning of
it "will be tough and it will be
costly." But as he also made clear,
-4t will be surely won. We can be
confident of that. Four years of
painstaking planning, begun almost
at the time of Dunkirk, are in back
$1.00 mo. .
been {
of this project. Thousands of ships,.
scores of thousands of planes, mil-
lions of superbly trained men are
in back of it. We outnumber and
excel the enemy in virtually every
human and material category, and
our invading forces enter_the battle
fresh, whereas Hitler's legions are
half numb with the battering they
have received in the East. and the
South and half mesm�rized with the
prospect of what the Red Army is
now likely to do in synchronization
with our tremendous assault in the
West.
~ Over and above all this, there are
the oppressed millions of Europe.
This is their day as much as it is
ours; and in some respects even
more so, for upon the success of
our Allied troops depends the end
of the night that has been upon
them for four long years. Now they
can look forward to being freed and
of having their chance, as President
Roosevelt has just said of Italy, to
work with us toward a new happi-
ness and a new era in which "no one
city and no one race will be able to
control the whole of the world."
There is not much that any of us
here can say or do now to change
the course of events that have been
set in motion in France under the
supreme command of our'own Gen-
eral Eisenhower and his brilliant
British deputy, General Montgomery.
The die has been cast. With con-
fidence in the outcome, it remains
for us at home merely to do our
jobs better than ever before, to
maintain a sense of calm and per-
spective, and to say with President
Roosevelt of those engaged in this
fateful struggle, "May God bless
them and watch over them and over
all our gallant fighting men."
'Y' Centennial
The centenary of the founding of
the Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion occurs in the midst of events so
"dynamic as to dwarf everything else.
Yet a moment may be spared to ex-
press appreciation of the genius of
Sir George Williams, the youthful
London dry-goods clerk who organ-
ized his friends for study of the
Bible and mutual assistance in the
practice of its principles. The need
for such 'a movement was proved
by the speed with which it spread.
No less than ten thousand branches
of the work now are functioning in
sixty-six different countries.
It was not quite eight years
@fter the original group assembled
that the Washington YMCA was
launched. The Reverend Clarence |
_M. Butler, rector of Trinity Prot-
estant Episcopal Church, was its
sponsor. Three Government em-
ployes-William Chauncey Lang-
don, Thomas Duncan and William J.
C
Rhees-were the earliest members. |
Thomas U. Walter, the architect of
the Capitol, taught the premier
Scriptures class. The progress of
the whole inclusive endeavor is told
in the gradual expansion of its fa-
cilities. It was paralleled by the
Young Women's Christian Associa-
tion, starting in England in 1855. and
in the District of Columbia in 1905.
_To estimate the cultural and social
benefits of any folk movement is
difficult. But there can be no doubt
about the continuing demand for
every institution, every activity, con-
| tributing to the welfare of ordinary
people. The world ahead will want
the "Y" as much as the world that
is gone ever did. :
Italian Politics After Rome
One of the most important conse-
quences of the Allied capture of
Rome will be its effect upon the in-
ternal political situation: At present
there are two native governments in
Italy, both provisional in character.
One of these is that headed by Mar-
shal Badoglio and functioning under
the sanction of the Allies. The other
'is the reconstituted Fascist "repub-
lican" regime nominally headed by
Mussolini but actually a mere
"front" for the Germans. So long as
Rome, the capital and metropolis of.
Italy, was in German hands, the
Badoglio government, obscurely
housed in the. south, lacked prestige
and authority in Italian eyes. The
moment it moves to Rome, its status
automatically should improve.
Furthermore, its entry into Rome
will coincide with its internal trans-
formation. The first phase of this
transformative process was the
formal retirement of King Victor
Emmanuel in favor of Count Prince
Umberto. Last April, the King
promised to turn over his executive
functions to his eldest son as soon
as Rome was liberated from the
Germans, though this transfer did
not involve the King's abdication.
The assumption is that Marshal
Badoglio and the members of his
cabinet may go through the for-
mality of resigning, but that Um-
berto will reappoint the marshal as
head of the government.
This does not mean necessarily
that the government will remain un-
changed. The chances are that new
elements will be added to the present
coalition of political parties and also
that the present ratio between exist-
ing groups will be altered. The cur-
rent setup was the result of com-
plex negotiations wherein the mov-
ing spirit appears to have been the
Communist leader, Palmiro Togliati.
It was he who evolved the formula
whereby basic constitutional ques-
tions were to be adjourned until the
Germans were expelled from the
entire peninsula and the whole Ital-
jan people were free to decide their
political future. It should be remem-
-bered that Northern Italy, the most.
progressive and politically self-con-
scious part of the country, still is.
under German domination. '_
Russia and Poland
The Polish Premier's arrival. in
Washington to talk with President
Roosevelt at this particular time
Suggests the heartening possibility
that the gulf between Moscow and
the government-in-exile in. London
may yet be bridged, or at least that
some temporary understanding may
be reached to hold differences in
abeyance until the common enemy
is driven from Poland.
It seems improbable, at any rate,
that the President would have in-
vited Premier Mikolajezyk to come
here, or that the latter would have
taken the trip, unless both had some
reason to believe that by an ex-
change of views they could improve
the present unfortunate situation.
In his last address to the House of
Commons, Prime Minister Churchill
said it was his "impression that
things are not so bad as they may
appear on the surface between Rus-
sia and Poland," and Mr. Mikolaj-
czyk's visit-a diplomatic de�velop-
ment of first importance-certainly
tends to add weight to this cautious
optimism.
The Russo-Polish dispute is not
something that lends itself to any
easy, off-the-cuff judgments. It in-
volves, in. the first place, the question
of where Poland's eastern boundary
should be-a territorial problem full
of. many complex historical and
ethnographical factors. And in the
second place, it involves the make-
up of the present government-in-
exile. Moscow has repeatedly charged
that that government contains cer-
tain elements so hostile to the Soviet
Union that friendly diplomatic rela-
tions are not possible. Many promi-
nent Poles, on the other hand, in
addition to objecting to Russia's
territorial claims, have voiced the
fear that Premier Stalin is seeking
to establish a subservient Polish
regime. ,
Up to now the Russians and Poles
have. obviously been wanting in
mutual trust and confidence, but
serious and deep as their differences
may be, it would be sheer political
defeatism to assume that an honest
and just settlement between them-
with or without the government-in-
exile, as now constituted-is impos-
sible. We must assume otherwise.
We must assume that by a fair give-
and-take on each side, both parties
should be able to arrive at a working
agreement. If we cannot assume
this, then the outlook for a sound
European peace in not very encour-
aging. For Poland it is a test case,
and upon the way in which it is
handled depends not only such im-
mediate military matters as the
'Polish underground's co-operation
with the Red Army but also the all-
important, long-term task of equi-
tably relating small powers to big in.
a genuine system of collective
security.
The British government has spent
months trying, without success, to |
mediate this dispute, and Moscow |
some time ago politely' rejected
Washington's tender of good. offices
in it. Nevertheless, as Mr. Churchill
has intimated and as the projected
talks between President Roosevelt
and the Polish Premier seem to indi-
cate, the door still is not completely
shut to a settlement.
must hope so, for no political event
could better strengthen the cause of
the United Nations than a mutually
satisfactory understanding between
Poland and its great and powerful }
| he would change the corps from a mili-
neighbor.
Monsignor Johnson
No one who was acquainted with
him will fail to mourn the sudden
death of the Right Reverend. Mon-
signor George Johnson, associate
professor of education at Catholic
University. He was a man of such
grace and charm as to win and keep
the affection of great: numbers of
people. Even those whose lives lay
far beyond the natural orbit of his
work found their hearts warmed at�
thought of him. He made learning
humane in the regard of men and
women and little children who by
circumstances had been denied the
opportunities of academic training.
Thus he was a philanthropist as well
as a teacher, a philosopher as well as
a priest.
Something more. however, must be
said for Monsignor Johnson even
though it be lost against the din of
the world's climactic battle. His life
was not spent merely to the purpose
of the increase of Christian culture
and Christian manners. He repre-
sented the modern-but not alto-
gether new-religious movement in
behalf of a civilization which shall
be equitable in practice as well as in
theory. The richness of the tradi-
tion which brought him forth was
demonstrated by the vitality of his
approach to current problems. He
trusted the example of the Saviour
for the solution of issues of every
variety. To him nothing was beyond
the reach of divine intervention.
Monsignor Johnson has died too
soon largely because he labored with
intensity and zeal, forgetting himself�
in the passion of his vocation.. What
he might have done had he been
granted length of days to crown his
gifts will be a question without an
obvious answer. His passing. is part
of the riddle of the cosmos. But he
went in confidence of an everlasting
tomorrow. i aces
Ways to help the war effort: Cori-
tribute to the Red Cross, buy War |.
Bonds and cut down on the length
as well as the number of telephone
calls. ss
The Dionne quints, being ten years
old, suddenly make a lot of hither tO. |-trict schools surpasses the cadet corps."
not overly antiquated fellows feel
the senior of Methus�lah,
Re This and That a
By Charles .�. Tracewell. ig
- Recently this column carried a letter
from. a nature lover telling about a
'band of boys armed with rifles "which 4
a ris in Rock hers Park. The letter, |
oy the way, was from one o a Bie
M : iy = ode 'the High School Cadet Corps is one
Na | which should not be put into effect.
Park Service says, in effect, that it just |
sportsmen who ever wore a boxing:
The acting director of the National
isn't so.
He produces statements from members
of the United States Park Police saying
*tain't so.
"No report has been made to me or
to any responsible official of the Na-
tional Capital Parks or to the United
States Park Polic�," he asserted, "of
any such instances, I had known that
the park police occasionally came upon
a& small group of. boys playing 'Com-
mando' or other: war games, usually
with harmless toy guns, and. that. six:
air rifles and an equal number of more
dangerous weapons had been taken by
the police from boys at various points
in the park system during the past year.
"Only one air rifle was taken in Rock
Creek Park. So far as our records are
concerned, we have received no Teports
of dangerous weapons actually having
been discharged, or wildlife or human
beings endangered by juvenil�s."
* ke kom
This. statement continues: "I have
obtained statements from several mem-
bers of the supervisory staff of the
United States Park Police force cover-
ing their experiences in this regard. ..
"These statements fail to indicate any
instances of gangs of armed youths in�
the parks. The confiscation of the
above-mentioned weapons, however,
would indicate that the park police
have been vigilant in this regard.
"It is always possible that an unlawful
act may be perpetrated without appre-
hension, especially when a park system
consisting of more than 700 reservations
and extending over a distance of nearly
200 miles must be policed by: a: force
whose strength has been reduced by
war exigencies to barely 80 men, but I:
am unaware of any lack of vigilance by
those on duty and believe that the
United States Park Police force is turn-
ing in a commendable performance in
view of existing circumstances."
Seis Bie
Nature lovers will welcome this re--
assurance that the
the job.
Washingtonians love and value their
parks, both large and small, and find in
them recreation, good health and a
splendid opportunity to study flowers,
shrubs, trees, small animals and birds.
These precincts are under the patrol
park police are on
of a remarkable group of men, who have
had many years of experience in han-
dling the problems which come up. |
No one should hesitate at any time
in getting in touch with them when
something is seen which does not strike
the beholder as being right.
If a report of a misdeameanor is made
at once to a member of the force, :steps-
can be taken immediately to apprehend
the person or persons involved, whereas
if this is not done at once the mis-
demeanor may go unapprehended, since.
our larger parks cover many acres.
Small boys playing Indian or ."Com-
mando,"
prisingly realistic at a few feet. �
These guns are accompanied by sounds
from small human throats supposed to
_Fepresent a machine gun.
Our award is to the noise supposed
to represent a two-ton truck.
Birds, animals and people will benefit
from the vigilance of the park police.
Owing to our widespread tree systems,
both in the parks and throughout the'
city and suburban sections, the National
Capital and environs enjoy- the visits
of about 300 species of birds, those last- -
ditch defenders against inimical insects,.
whose ceaseless vigilance, like that of
the police, make possible our enjoyment.
An
At least we
'| present war. -
Three Readers Discuss Proposals
to Change Cadet Training
To the Editor of The Star:
As a former cadet company com-
mander, I wish to enter strong protest
Cadet Corps. He would substitute an
emphasis on physical training for the
military drill, with its competitions and
awards, that has characterized the corps
since its founding in 1882. Essentially,
tary organization into a number of glor-
ified gym classes. So altered, the corps
_ could not continue to render the unique
educational service which has, benefited
thousands of District boys for 62 y�ars.
Although intensive physical educa-
tion is called for by the war, the cadet
corps is not:the proper organization to
provide it. With its time for drilling
limited, it cannot do so without. sac-
rificing military proficiency. Physical
training better may be left in the hands
of regular instructors. r
Dr. Holmes contends that the military
drill of the corps is "antiquated" and
lacking "real.teeth to cope with the
war situation." Probably, he bases his
criticism upon the current stress on
physical conditioning in the armed
forces. Several facts are pertinent in
answer to this argument. First, an ele+
mentary military organization function-
be expected to "cope with the war situa-
tion" in any very pretentious degree,
Second, close-order drill still plays a
fundamental role in the basic training
of the armed forces, and the cadet, corps
needs all available time to attain. pro-
of its effort over the past years will
be attested by many members of the
armed forces.
Most. important, inherent in the mili-
tary character of the corps are values
which no other type of activity can
provide and which would be lost if
the proposed alteration were effected.
Chief among these values are the equal-
ities of discipline, self-reliance, leader-
ship and initiative inspired by member-
ship in the corps. Cadets attain a high
level of both competitive teamwork and
individual. accomplishment, gaining ex-
perience which remains with them
throughout their lives. ONS ae
The morale of the corps would suffer
disastrously were the annual inter-high
company competitive is the strongest
Single driving force in the working of
"the corps, the peak of a ladder of com-
petition starting with the individual and
"embracing every unit; from squad to
Tegiment. This competition, the very
core of the training, exists within the
framework of a city-wide organization
which immediately would lose its unity
With abolition of the annual competi-
tives. Elimination of the awards which
are part of this competition is equally
'undesirable. Hither action drastically
would curtail the enthusiasm of cadets
and discourage recruiting. �
_. "For value received," Dr. Holmes him-
Self stated in 1940, "nothing in the Dis-
' How Dr. Holmes now can disparage the
corps' with the term "social organiza-
tion". I am at a loss to understand. He
surely should be advised to consult the
experience of present and past cadets
_ before pressing consideration of his plari
by the Board of Education... -�_->
, | JAMES G. DEANE.
To the Editor of The Star:
coe DY, Holmes' proposed plan to revise
For more thar60 years the corps has
functioned on a purely voluntary basis
-and successfully, Boys have become
cadets of their own volition. They are
of the finest type of young men-both
in character and scholastically. In order
to remain in the corps they must main-
tain this high standard.
The training these lads have received
and now are receiving is incidental to
their schooling and yet gives them suffi-
cient military work to make them fine
citizens. Whenever boys are needed to
do special "jobs" requiring the charac-
teristics of gentlemen, the cadets have
always been singled out.
Men who were former cadets look
back with pride and satisfaction to the
time they spent in the corps, and this
is evidenced particularly at the time of
the company competitive drill held an-
nually.
In order to maintain esprit de corps
and a healthy, wholesome group of
boys (and girls) in high schools, the
present setup should be continued and
if possible, under the leadership of Lt.
- Col. William Barkman, who as a former
cadet himself and assistant professor
of military science and tactics, can fol-
low in the footsteps of Col. Wallace M,
Craigie. G. E. S&S.
4
'To the Editor of The Star:
The plan to revise cadet training re-
calls the days of Billy Mitchell's futile
attempts to give us a real "air arm,"
and numerous other far sighted Amer-
icans whose warnings and pleadings for
early training and preparation for the
present conflict were squashed by our
ever present "horse and buggy" ma-
jority public opinion. It's a wonder that
Morse, Edison and Bell were not assassi-
nated. Our educational system produces
this majority short sightedness,
Our former methods of military train-
; Ing were good when they were initiated
Many years ago; later improvements
and knowledge gained in practical psy-
chology and actual battle have brought
to light many things of real value. TI
think Dr. Holmes very wise to see the
need for change. ,
But little men with big ideas are
greatly handicapped unless big men
lend a hand. | .
LAWTON B. MELLICHAMPE,
Wants All Dead Listed
"To the Editor of The Star: ue
Reading in The Star of May 30 the
"names of the honored dead*from this
~area, Iam moyed to ask the; purpose of
limiting such' a list only to those who
fields to the exclusion of those who have
'died in the line of duty in countless
other ways and places.
whose. sons have died in plane crashes,
accidents in training, from injury or
disease incurred in the line of duty,
whether in this country or at far-flung
bases, cannot but feel that they have
given their lives on the same bases as
'those who fell in battle. To limit the
cation would seem to' be. setting up a
such distinction among veterans of
"World War I nor have I found it to be
H. 8. GIUSTA. 3
- Letters to The Star }
against the proposals of Dr. Chester W.:
Holmes for modifying the High School.
ing only three hours weekly hardly can.
ficiency in drill. The success and value �
competitives abolished, as Dr.--Holmes.
also has proposed. By itself'the annual
Those of us.
list of honored dead list to one classifi-
class distinction. Certainly there is no.
80 among returned veterans of the,
The
Notwithstanding the rejection by the
Indiana State Convention of a resolu-
tion pledging Indiana's delegation to
the Republican National Convention to
Gov. Dewey of New York-there seems
no slightest doubt that the New Yorker
will be the presidential nominee of the
GOP. It may well happen on the first
ballot.
When the convention meets less than
three weeks hence the California dele-
gation, for example, 50 strong, will be
ready to plunk for Gov. Dewey on the
first ballot. Gov. Earl Warren, for whom
the delegation was pledged when chosen,
has told the delegation that he does
not wish it to vote for him, either for
the presidential nomination. or the. vice
presidential. Gov. Warren is friendly
to the Dewey nomination-and so are
the members of the delegation.
California is the fourth State on the
call of the roll. Arizona and Arkansas
are the only States which precede it.
Gov. Dewey will get some votes from
those States. If California drops in
fifty at one clip, it is easy to under-
stand the psychological effect.
Further, Pennsylvania, which has the
largest delegation in the convention-
'70-except New York, is expected to vote
for Mr. Dewey. Not all of the members
of the delegation are enamoured of Mr.
Dewey. Some don't like him. But they
all respect his ability and his vote-get-
ting power, and they will vote for him
on the show down-unless something
unexpected happens.
ee a ak
Another important State-New Jersey
-will. it is reported, line up pretty
solidly for Gov. Dewey on the first bal-
lot. Some of the Jerseyites were strong
for Wendell L. Willkie-but Mr. Willkie
is definitely out of the picture. New
Jersey is a neighbor of New York. The
people there know a lot about Mr.
Dewey. Further, Gov. Walter Edge of
New Jersey is one of those who will
vote for Mr. Dewey on the first ballot
-and Mr. Edge heads the delegation.
Here are three important States whose
delegations apparently are ready to go
down the line for Gov. Dewey when
the time comes, There are other States,
many others, already in the Dewey
camp. It is not necessary to speak of
New York, which has 93 votes in the
convention. With scarcely an exception
the Empire State is expected to vote
for its Governor.
For the next three weeks, Gov. Dewev
will, it is expected, be entirely silent
arises. Last week he attended the Gov-
ernors' Conference at Hershey, Pa. He
'submitted himself to rigorous question-
Political
By Gould Lincoln
unless an emergency in his own State -
ing by the corresopndents of newspapers
who swarmed to Hershey, seeking a poli-
tical story. His position, regarding the
Republican presidential nomination, he
said, remained unchanged-he was not
a candidate. And that was that.
The New Yorker, during his stay at
the Governors' Conference, was the one
man for whom the crowds waited, the
man whose autograph was in demand.
In fact, it was strongly noticeable that
the other Governors, Republican and
Democratic, failed to attract one iota of
the attention given Mr. Dewey. This
goes for Gov. Bricker of Ohio as well as
for the rest, although Mr. Bricker is an -
active contestant for the Republican
presidential nomination and has cam-
paigned across the country.
It was rumored that this miffed the
other Governors-they did not care for
the preference shown Gov. Dewey. But
this writer took occasion to make in-
quiry, to ask other Governors if they
resented the fact that Mr, Dewey was
able to take the spotlight whenever he
appeared in public. One of the Repub-
lican Governors-a man of great stand-
ing and influence-made the following
reply:
He Loft. We Me
"I cannot speak for the other Gover-
nors, of course. But speaking as a Re-
publican and as a Governor, Mr. Dewey's
reception did not disturb me at all. In
fact, I was delighted that we, as Re-
publicans, had a man who could com-
mand so much public interest. Naturally
we cannot, as a group, expect all Gov-
ernors to awaken a similar interest in
the crowds who gather to see us. I am
sure, even though I cannot speak for
them, that other Republican Governors
feel the same way as I do."
Mr. Dewey was obviously "under
wraps" while he was attending the Gov-
ernors' Conference. He could not, of
course, dodge the crowds. He had
nothing whatever to say about his fu-
ture political plans. But if and when
Mr. Dewey is nominated for President
-and accepts, as he is expected to do-
he will @merge a very different figure.
His campaign will be aggressive. As a
former district attorney, it may be ex-
pected he will draw an indictment of
the opposition-with a raft of questions
which will demand answers.
Gov. Warren, judging from the senti-
ment expressed at the Governors' Con-
ference, can be nominated for the vice
presidency on the Republican ticket.
Unless he flatly turns it .down, he. is
almost sure to be the nominee. But the
California Governor insists he does not
want it. If he has his way, the place on
the ticket, will go to Gov. Bricker or
another.
As this is written, about all we know
of the military situation in Italy is that
the German armies are retreating
"northwest of Rome," that Allied forces
are pursuing them, and that these
forces have, at undisclosed places,
crossed the Tiber River.
There are three main roads which
lead in a generally northerly direction
out of Rome west of the Tiber:
(1) The coastal road to Livorno and
Pisa.
(2) The main highway to Siena and
Florence; and
(3) The road through' Terni
Foliguo, which finally reaches the Adri-
Castellana,
Rome. .
Siena and Florence is now the main
axis of the German withdrawal. Sun-
day it was reported crowded with Ger-
man transport as far north as Lake
Bolsena, which is some 55 miles north
of Rome. Since a single infantry di-
vision with its trains may be expected
to cover about 15 miles of road space,
this: hardly seems extravagant, even
though the strength of the retreating
German divisions has been greatly re-
duced, and they have lost much of
their transport.
A OR ca:
The great question of the moment is:
Can Kesselring save his two armies
from destruction?
They have already suffered heavily.
More than 20,000 prisoners are in Allied
hands. The casualties in killed and
wounded may be double that number.
Not only transport, but vast quantities
of weapons and war material has been
left behind. Five divisions have been
completely destroyed out of a total of
23 divisions or parts of divisions which
Kesselring has used since May 11 when
the Allied offensive began. The Allies
have complete superiority in the air,
and also command of the sea.
If the pursuit both by air and land
can be relentlessly kept up, it is quite
to bay and compelled to turn and fight
under conditions which will lead to
what the Germans used Pie call "a battle
and -
atic coast at Fano, far to the northeast. |
This road crosses the Tiber hear Civita -
about 36 miles north of
'It seems piwbable that the wad to.
possible that Kesselring may be brought �
Roads North of Rome
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot
of annihilation'-when they were doing
the annihilating. |
There are, however, a number of un-
known factors-so many as to render
extremely tentative any conclusions at
this time.
First, haw many German troops are
now retiring east of the Tiber, by the
mountain roads reached by way of
Subiaco and Avezzano?
Second, how many German troops
femain in the Adriatic sector? And how
many Allied troops? '
Third, has Kesselring been reinforced
from the north, or are reinforcements
on the way to him? Swiss reports say
that five divisions are being sent south
to. his support.
ders to make a stand as soon as he can
find a, position on which to dig in, or
do the Germans intend, this time, to
try to make a really deep withdrawal, -
well up the peninsula?
If he must stand again, either because
of orders or because of Allied pressure;
he can find a fairly good defensive
position in front of the road, Civita-
vecchia-Viterbro-Terni, perhaps 45� to
90 miles above Rome. Whether he has
the strength to hold this line is another
matter. Probably he has not, at least
for any length of time.
* * & *
But if he is able to direct the course
of his withdrawal, he must still face
certain choices. He can go on retreat-
ing up the west coast, that is, west of
the Apennines. If he does so, he risks
being overtaken and he risks likewise
being enveloped by a landing in his rear,
based on Corsica. Or he can Swing
eastward, pivoting perhaps on Tivoli
or Avezzano, and withdraw across the
Apennines, making the Terni-Foligno-
Fano road his main line of retreat.
This:'might be a safer procedure, as it
would be a withdrawal through country
affording better delaying positions than
the more open coastal region. But he
might be cut off in the mountains by
an Allied. thrust up the Adriatic coast,
and the grave dangers of retreating
through mountain defiles under air at-
tack were well illustrated in the last
war, when air attack was not as formi-
dable as it is now.
(Copyright, 1944, New York Tribune, Inc.)
Some indication as to what to expect
in this summer's warfare against Ger-
many may be derived from comparing
the present outlook with that of June,
1918, when the grand offensive was
launched which forced German sur-
render on the following November 11.
Reporting in his reminiscences an
inter-Allied military conference on June
23, 1918, Gen. John. J. Pershing declares
that on that day "Germany was be-
lieved to have 3,534.000 men on the
western front, while the combined
force of the Allies in France, exclusive of
Wee
Since the total American Army per-
sonnel in France was reported on the
following July 1 as 873,691-250,000
freshly arrived during June-Americans
ready for combat on the day of the
above Pershing estimate certainly were
not enough to lift the Allied Army to
equality with the Germans. And as
proof of Allied numerical inferiority,
the Germans in their spring offensive
had driven the British and French
J} across the Marne River to a point al-
most in sight of Paris.
According to Pershing, nobody at that
time believed Germany could be beaten
in 1918, and Clemenceau and Lloyd
| Magrune "were insistently asserting that
| have given their lives on, foreign battle-. kc Reh all : 7
as at present, often.' carry:.|.
"guns" carved of wood which 160K 'sur |
not less than 100 American divisions
(3,500,000 men) would be required to
end the war in 1919.
Germany threw up the sponge less
than five months after: this estimate
was made, with something under 1,000,-
000 Americans having actually engaged
in the' fighting. :
Today, it seems safe to assert, at least
10,000,000 Allied troops (not counting
naval forces, are ringed around Fortress
Europe.
Calculated on the statement of Secre-
tary. Henry L. Stimson last week that
the Unite States Army had 3,657,000
'soldiers overseas, competent military ex-
perts place the portion of this force
Americans, was estimated at 2,909,000."
Our D-Day Strength -
By J..G. Hayden.
arrayed against Germany, west and
south, at a minimum of 2,500,000. In-
cluding marines, who are taking care
'of a large share of the land warfare in
the Pacific, this leaves upward of 1,500,-~
000 non-naval personnel to make up
the military land and air forces in all
_ parts of the world excepting Europe:
The British, along with the Canadians
and other empire colonials and French
and Polish, are figured at another
2,500,000, bringing the total force ready.
to strike Germany from the west and
south to 5,000,000.
Last autumn German military com-
mentators were asserting that 5,000,000
Russians were fighting them on the
front from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
Certainly it is safe to assume that many
Russians are deployed for the 1944 at-
tack, which Marshal Stalin has promised
will drive all the way to Berlin,
* *k x :
The latest official Allied estimate of
the German Army came from the British
on May 11. This guessed the whole
army at 3,000,000, divided into 320 divi-
sions. It placed 195 of these divisions on
the Russian front, 51 in France, Belgium [|
and Holland combined; 25 in Italy, 15 in
Hungary, Yugoslavia and Romania; 12
in Norway, 11 in Greece, Crete and the
Dodecanese Islands; 7 in Finland and 5
in Denmark.
Since then, if official reports are to be
credited, at least five of the German
divisions in Italy (about 50,000 men)
have been wiped out.
The Italian campaign may have pro-
vided an indication of what to expect on
the other fronts. Gen. Sir Harold Alex-
ander is succeeding, say the military ex-
perts, because he has the Germans on
his front outnumbered at least 2 to 1,
and, even better, out-gunned, out-
tanked and out-airplaned. And state-
ments by all Allied military authorities
have left no doubt that the combined
chiefs of staff are aiming to provide
this or an even greater ratio of superior~-
ity over the German defensive forces,
%
Fourth, is Kesselring still under or-
Policy of Expediency
Seen Working Well
Problems With Rome Capture
Must Be Met Elsewhere
By David Lawrence
Military success in capturing Rome is
tempered somewhat by the fact that the
problems of shipping and supply for the
liberated regions tend to grow and so
do the complexities of the political ques-
tions that arise.
On the Nazi side, there is but one con-
sideration-military occupation. The
wishes of the populace whose.country is
entered mean nothing to the Fascists,
But the Allied governments must begin
to re-establish liberties taken away from
the people, and this involves a compli-
cated policing job.
For many months now Britain, Russia
and the United States have been trying
to liberate the Italian people by setting
up a government that would be satisfac-
tory to the Italians. But the struggle
has not. been confined to Italy. In Lon-
don, Washington and Moscow pressures
have been exerted in behalf of factions.
The so-called left wing has been insist-
ing that the Badoglio government and
the King be eliminated. The so-called
right wing has favored a maintenance
of the existing situation till the capture
of Rome could be consummated,
Expediency Seen as Policy...
Ydeological differences as well as the
interests of political factions inside Italy
have served to make the situation per=-
plexing. But it is not alone in Italy that
this kind of controversy has arisen. It
is the same thing with respect to the
recognition of the De Gaullists in France
or the continued sympathy of the
Churchill government for the Franco
government in Spain.
Expediency is the real policy. Out-
wardly one gets the impression from the
dispatches and the public statements
that Winston Churchill, who favors con-
tinuance of friendly relations with
Franco, is a rightist so far as Spain is
concerned, but when it comes to friendli-
ness to De Gaulle, he is apparently a
leftist. In the case of Italy, the Rus-
sians have recognized the Badoglio
government, although leftists in the
United States have been bitterly opposed
to the continuance of Badoglio in power.
The real answer must be that Messrs.
Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt have
some kind of an understanding. that .
each may take whatever position he
wishes as to Badoglio, De Gaulle and
Franco, but that as a group the Allied
governments must not allow anything
to happen that interferes with the. prog-
ress of the military forces.
One might even suspect that Mr.
Churchill's neutral position as between
the British public opinion that favors
De Gaulle and his own deference to
President Roosevelt's wishes which are
more or less anti-De Gaulle, is just a
convenient way of postponing decision
on the whole business of recognition till
after the invasion starts.
Certainly Gen. Eisenhower doesn't
want to have his military operations
messed up by having to defer to Gen.
De Gaulle for advice on some civilian
problems that are really military but in
which De Gaulle might wish to partici-
Worked Well in Italy.
-- 'The policy of expediency worked well
in Italy. Slowly all factions were pre-_
vailed on to let matters alone till after _
the capture of Rome when, according to
the assurances given, a change in gov-
ernment would be effected and the King
would retire. ox
Something of the same kind may be
in the works with respect to both France
and Spain. Mr. Churchill said in words
plain enough for any one to understand
that Franco was playing ball with the
Allies. This may be unpleasant news to
those who would like to see Franco
deposed right away, but it is not in the
Allied interest to have a civil war start
just now. It might conceivably suit
Germany's purposes, but not the Allies'.
Ultimately, of course, when the Allies
have achieved the unconditional sur-
render of the Nazis and all occupied
_countries are completely in Allied pos-
session from a military standpoint, the
time for reorganizing governments will
be at hand. The Allied governments
may find themselves defending a right-
ist government in one place and a leftist
in another to prevent massacres and
bloodshed and to assure the re-estab-
lishment of democracy by orderly proc-
esses rather than by violence.
(Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Hepcats at War
From the Topeka Capital.
American-youngsters have never been
'yegimented.. In fact, the majority of
parents have probably let their children
give full rein to their normal taste for
foolishness. And sometimes they have
been pretty foolish. They have spent too
much money, driven their cars too fast,
swallowed goldfish, worn zoot suits, gone
wild over swing and jitterbugging.
When the war came along, a lot of
older people clucked their tongues and
vondered. Our youth was soft, they said,
spoiled by luxury, irresponsible and
comfort loving. How could they stand
up against. the German and Japanese
youth, who had been put through a
fanatical, toughening process in prepa-
ration for war?
The answer. is pretty obvious by now.
Donors Needed
From the St. Louis Star-Times.
A high percentage of decorations for
bravery go to men who, at peril to them-
selves, save the lives of companions. In
war and in peace, the saving of life
represents human compassion in its
highest form. A donor to the Red Cross
blood bank shares that compassion none
the less for not knowing whose life he
may save or whose recovery he may
hasten, Se ; |
War Mother
My sons, who numbered three,
called to war,
And eash one went with strong and
sturdy gait-
With eager eyes, those gallant sons I
*. bore. ;
Oh, swift they went, and left me
~ desolate.
Now one has spanned the seas and one
the sky, ;
And all have felt the searing breath
of hell,
Along strange shores they watch their
comrades die;
If they know fear and dread, they
bear it well, ;
were
My sons were called to war; I, whe
remain
Am filled with
broken years;
I grieve for them that joy and love
are vain;
For them I hold a sorrow beyond tears.
They face a thousand deaths without
dismay
While I, in safety, die for them each day.
LOUISE LEIGHTOM,
anguish for their
f