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WHAT YOU SEE_IS WHAT YOU GET
Serving Eastern North Carolina Since
MILLIONS
REPARATIONS MARCH
BY Dr. Conrad W. Worrill
FOR
The issue of reparations for
African people throughout the
world has become a widely dis-
cussed topic that is manifesting
itself into a variety of action plans
and strategies.
One of those action plans is the
Millions for Reparations Mass
Demonstration March and Protest
Rally demanding reparations trom
the U.S. Government in tts
Capital City, Washington, D.C..
on Aug. 17. 2002.
In imy travels around the country,
the issue of reparations appears to
have penetrated the spiritT and
interest. of African people in
America in all walks of lite. For
those of us who have been
organizing and advocating repara-
tions since the 1960s for African
people in America. specifically,
and for African people throughout
the world. the question becomes
what does this current: phase of
the Reparations Movement mean
for the just cause of the redemp-
tion and salvation of African
people?
When we talk about reparations
we are talking about the damages.
compensation, and
those wrongs, so that the coun-
tries and people that suffered will
enjoy tull treedom to COM ifue:
their own development on more
equal terms.
When we discuss reparations for
African people inT the United
States we are talking about slave
labor humanin culture leeacies
names. language that were taken
outside of the law and natural
process by forceful demand of
White captive slave owners.
In this regard. the current phase
of the Reparations Movement for
Atrican people in) America is
connected to the leadership of
Sister Callie House. who founded
the National
Ex-Slave Mutual Relief Bounty
and Pension Association in- the
1870s. According to the research
of Mary Berry. Sister House
organized a Black mass move-
ment demanding reparations dur-
ing the period of the [870s to
1918S. Berry reveals that, working
redress of
~ Millions March For Reparatio
through meetings, literature and
traveling agents, the organization
successfully developed member-
ship across the South as well as in
Oklahoma. Kansas, Indiana. Ohio
and New York.
Further, Berrys research reveals
The Associations 25-cent annual
membership fee and the 10-cent
monthly dues, along with $2.50
charged local affiliates for a
Charter. augmented by an occa-
sional extraordinary levy of five
cents to defray special expenses.
provided the funds for this mass-
based movements work. " The
objective was to organize a de-
mand throughout the Black nation
which would force the United
States to provide the needed and
well deserved pensions they
sought for the aging persons
formerly held in slavery. their
surviving spouses, caregivers. and
heirs.
In the recently published book.
Light Women Leaders of the
Reparations Movement, USA. by
Linda Allen Eustace and Imari
Obadele, it states: The movements
successful organizing. coupled
with the ubiquitous White su-
premacist values of Whites zener-
ally and especially United States
officials. which disposed them in
those days. as today. to attempt to
defeat any significant self help
efforts among Black people re-
sulted in a ten year postal investi-
gation.
Eustace and Obadele point out.
after finding no evidence of
federal violations, U.S. officials
indicted Ms. house and a number
af other members at Nashville for
fraud, for using the mail to
distribute one of the Associations
carefully drawn leaflets. She was
found guilty and sentences to a
year and a day in the federal
prison at Jefferson City.
Although this phase of the
Reparations Movement was not
successful, the spirit and organiz-
ing work carried on through the
Gurvey movement and again re-
surfaced through the leadership of
the Honorable Elijah Muhammad,
and Malcolm X in the 1960s,
making the reparations demand
through Muhammad Speaks. The
Republic of New Africa made a
reparations demand in 1968, de-
manding payment of $400 billion
"M" Voice Archives
From The Minority Voice Archives
January 8 - January 18 2002
in slavery damages.
The National Coalition of Blacks
for Reparations in America
(NCOBRA) was organized in
1987 following in the tradition of
Sister Callie House. Since 1988,
NCOBRA had developed a num-
ber of strategies designed to gain
reparations for African people in
America and also help advance
international efforts to win repara-
tions.
Since 1989, Congressman John
Conyers (D-Mich.) has introduced
legislation calling for the U.S.
government to hold a_ probing
study of reparations. This legisla-
tion is currentl, receiving wide
support. primarily due to work of
NCOBRA.
Since the late 1980s, the
December 12th Movement. the
Uhuru Movement, IHRAAM, The
Lost and Found Nation of Islam.
the Republic of New Africa and
the National Black United Front
have been some examples of
organizations that continue to
organize around the demand for
reparations.
The Tulsa Race Riot
Commission. under the leadership
of Representative Donna Ross,
and attorney. Deadria Farmer-
Paellmanns research on insurance
companies that held slave policies
in the 1850s. added to the repara-
tions discussion over the last two
years.
Finally, Chicago Alderman
Dorothy Tillman:s City Council
Resolution, that received wide
publicity. aided in the current
interest. African people " in
America now have on reparations.
along with the publication of
Randail Robinsons book. The
Debt.
What this current mass phase of
the Reparations Movement means
that African people have not lost
our memory of the historical
atrocities inflicted on us, and that
we will never forget what has
happened to us and continues
today. The demand for repara-
tions must be intensified though
serious organization.
(Dr. Worrill is the national
chairman of the National Black
United Front in Calumet Park. Ill.
Contact him at 708-389-9929 or
via E-mail at
nbufchi@allways.net.)
Name the beautiful mothers pictured and win 2 CdTs compliments of WOOW and the Minority Voice
Newspaper. All are well known in this area.
Happy Birthday Dr. King!
)
Free!
é
� uct,
Future Congressman Stops By Loca! Radio Station
[he campaign season has kicked off. State Senator Frank Balance who is running for Congresswoman Eva
ClavtonTs seat. He is shown standing outside of WOOW radio station. Pictured from lett to nght NC A&]
student from Robersonville, Mayor of Snow Hill Don Davis, a law student trom Warrenton, NC. Senator
frank Balance. owner of WCPS Radio JK. Johnson. WCPS radio personality Bouncing Baby Boy. If you're
not registered to vote. do so, for this year will be a hot election.
photo By Jim Rouse
PROUD GRANDMOTHER oS
From the Minority Voice Archives, 3 generation of beautiful black women. TMother Joyce Norfleet is
shown with her daughter, grandaughter and friend during a military graduation.
grandmother, mother and daughter from the Minority Voice Newspaper.his
Photo by Jim Rouse
Pastors James And Deloris Corbett
Wedding Anniversary
BY
Pictured are Pastor James Corbett and his beautiful wife Delores Corbett. They posed for the
oVoice camera at his recent birthday celebration at the Hilton Hotel in Greenville, The
inspiring couple's wedding anniversary will be celebrated next month.
| Photo by jim Rouse
Hat's off to
£
a
|
- Our Daughters...
By: K. R.
There is an article in this
te
MTY, to
he writer And yes, as a parent and a
focuses on how some of the woman it does insult me
rap music of today, degrades
females.
when I see beautiful black
women. dancing all over the
And majority of them do.. place with very little on. {t
issue of The Minority Voice |, being a single parent of also troubles me when I read
.that touches on a special
subject, that | felt would be
four daughters,
try to watch and hear that certain rap
f
should not.
power over their influences.
don't dogT girls.
Alicia Keys.
TL love the art of hip-hop, but...........
By: Yvette M. Curtis
heard enough. | cannot tell you how disturbing it is for me to listen to certain lyrics
in the songs of hip-hop. | love the art of hip-hop, but | believe that someone needs to take a
stand and recognize that our children deserve better. The berating and degrading lyrics hurt
me to my heart. When are we, adults, going to take a stand and say, "enough is enough ?
When will we stop turning to the oldies--but---goodies stations (because we can't stand
listening to that music) and start taking notice of what we're allowing our children to hear?
| don't understand. No matter what the target market may be, it is common sense to
know that children and teenagers --- the most influenced populations, by the way ---- listen
to the radio. Yes, it's easy to say that parents should take responsibillity. But, what about
radio stations practicing what they preach? To play songs with lyrics, such as member how
you used to sniff my boxers?� (a male rapper talking to a female) does a disservice to our
youth. Why would you play a song like that? What's the point of being for the community
if you do not set a precedent for it? Okay, | understand it's all about the request line blowing
up, but don't the stations have the option of playing certain songs? They allow degrading
songs to be played that are detrimental to the self-esteem of young women. They miss a beat,
and every once in a while, let a curse word slipthrough during a "mix-master" session. I've
heard kids say. "They might as well as play the whole word. We already know what they're
saying." What happened to cutting the entire word? Forget about the fact that the kids will
buy the CDs. Parents need to take control of that issue because, yes, times change but values
The music we hear in our area leaves a little more to the imagination that hip-hop
played in other areas. Unfortunately, the further south you travel, the more degrading the
on-air music becomes, hence, remaining true to the slogan, "The Dirty South". Compared to
the places such as Atlanta, Tampa, and the Carolinas, the music played here can be compared
to the likes of Disney's classic, "It's A Small World." Someone should take responsibility ----
in fact, all of us should. 1 hate to clichE' the often clichE'd term, but it really does "take a
village." When are we going to stop blaming one another and start looking at ourselves? I
am just as guilty as the next. | can shake it just as fast as any other, but it doesn't make me
feel good when I'm singing it in the car with my 16-year old niece sitting right next to me.
We all need to take a look in the mirror. Life is imitating art. We are giving our children
Sex sells. Yes, but to whom? It sells to whomever will buy. So, who is buying?
Parents? Are parents purchasing these exploitative songs for their children? One might argue
that it's a free world, which allows for free speech. This is why I'm speaking freely. This is
not a plot against rap music as was the intention of parents plotting against rock-and-roll long
ago. Don't get me wrong. Biggie. Tupac, and Jay-Z are among the best rappers of all time.
However, that doesn't make their messages more positive. It just makes them good storytellers.
Hip-hop is about telling the story of their lives and where they come from. Does that mean
women have to be disrespected? No. Years ago, I was talking to a guy who told me, "guys
Girls dogT themselves". | couldn't agree more. 1 would like to add to it that guys don't exploit
girls. Girls exploit themselves. | believe in role models and those who help change the world
in a positive fashion. In hip-hop. the opposite effec "
music videos are scantily dresssed. sexual objects dancing for men who Just happen to be in
full apparel. There is no dispute over this if you want to do it in the privacy of your own
home. However. the moment you decided to portray women as sex objects in the public eye
is the moment you expose yourself to the issue-of being a role model. Now, this is a broad
topic that covers many spectrums of the industry. So, who is to blame? I would say that any
adult who has never written a letter, made a phone call or sent an e-amil to decisive industry
leaders share the responsibility of condoning the messages given to our children. If we
disagree with the messages, then why are we letting young people hear them? Instead, we
want to be like by the younger generation while quietly wondering where it all went wrong.
Iknow: that this is bigger than radio. This is big business, which makes it an even
more serious issue. In case, you didn't know, music influences our children. We are losing
them to the flamboyancy of money, cars, and women. What messages are these songs giving
them? Teenagers love songs such as "Brown Skin," by Indie Arie, and "Woman's Work," by
We need to start paying attention to what our youth really want. Maybe we
should listen to the response given to Destiny's Child, Jill Scott, Musiq, India Arie, Maxwell,
Alicia Keys, and Erykah Badu. And if the stations are geared to the 18 - to 34- year old
crowd, then as a part of this audience, this is the music I'd like to hear.
~inne the roles models play in
community. Yeah, you may
do very little for their
hear of the scholarship funds,
but what about the single
mothers in the community
who are having trouble rais-
ing their kids. When alot of
kids look at videos and want
the "bling-bling" and some
kids, feel the only way to get
the "bling-bling" is to hustle,
I become troubled. Having a
criminal history is not pretty.
Having been to prison for a
few months, few years, is not
pretty either. Now, I know:
that sometimes an individual
can not help where they come
from or their surroyndings,
but they do have mind con-
trol. Has any of these
rappers ever thought about
encouraging kids to stay in
school and get all the educa-
tion they can. The best
weapon in today's society is
an education. The same goes
for our daughters.....having a
. baby at the tender age of 14
Uneasy Victory
for Abu-Jamal
The reaction to the courageous
ruling by U'S. District Judge
William Yohn vacating the
death sentence for Mumia
Abu-Jamal and ordering the
State to conduct a new
sentencing hearing or sentence
him to life imprisonment was
swift and predictable. The
decision was savagely de-
nounced by the widow of
Philadelphia police officer
Daniel Faulkner, who Jamal
was convicted of slaying, the
Philadelphia Fraternal Order
of Police, and PhiladelphiaTs
District Attorney. From the
moment Jamal was convicted
of Faulkner's muder in 1982
they waged a relentless batle
to see that he is executed.
Within hours of YohnTs ruling,
Philadelphia's DA angrily de-
clared that she would appeal
his ruling.
But many of JamalTs sup-
porter also savagely de-
nounced YohnTs decision.
They called it a meaningless
SOP Or, worse, a flat out victory
for the police and prosecution
since Yohn refused to overturn
his first degee murder of
Faulkner, and dumped on
death row, his credentials as a
former Black Panther Party
leader, writer and radio com-
mentator virtually assured than
many blacks and_ radicals
would transform him into a
radicals would transform him
into a radical icon, and attract
what at times has resembled a
cult-like following. | When
Leonard Weinglass of the
Chicago Seven trial fame be-
came JamalTs lead counsel in
the 1990s, then Pennsylvania
Governor Tom Ridge signed
his death warrant in 1995, and
Jamal published his _ best-
selling book, Live From Death
Row, he became the instant
darling of liberals, Hollywood
celebrities, and international
&
diplomats.
The case had al the requisite
villians. There was the un-
flammatory, vengeful judge,
the majority white jury that
convicted him, public hysteria
over the murder of a police
officer and a pulsating cam-
paign by local politicians; also
much of the press and the
Fraternal Order of Police to
get rid of a man they regard as
an unreconstructed black radi-
cal and unrepentant cop killer.
The Jamal case, however,
was never a neat example of
good versus evil. Though he
and his supporters vehemently
insist that the trial was riddled
with perjured testimony, sup-
pressed and tainted evidence,
and blatant jury bias, there was
a small mountain of evidence
and eyewitness testimony that
pointed the finger at Jamal as
the likely triggerman. This
ambivalence over his guilt was
more than enough to cause
some, who squirm at the death
penalty, to hedge their bets and
not scream oFree Mumia,� but
instead demand oly a onew� or
ofair� trail for him.
But others saw in the Jamal
case a glimmer of hope in
loosening public rapture over
the death penalty. In the two
decades that Jamal has lan-
quished on PennsylvaniaTs
death row, anti-death penalty
proponents watched in anger
and frustration as a fearful
public scared, stiff of crime and
violence, was egged on by a
= ee press, which
played up a string of
tesque, high-profile rad
Pandering of public officials
gave noisy approval for more
and aster executions.
They've got their wish.
The number of death row
inmates in American stands at
nearly 4000. According to the
Sentencing Project, African-
Americans make up nearly
half of those awaiting execu-
tion. In Pennsylvania more
than sixty percent of those
sitting on death row are
African-Americans, yet they
make up less than ten percent
of the stateTs population. The
trial judge in the Jamal case,
Albert Szabo had a much-
deserved reputation for being
a hard-ass judge who ladled
out a colossal number of death
sentences. The majority of
those he sentenced to death
were African-American.
While Jamal has been a
durable symbol of the rampant
radical disparities in the death
penalty, there is also the dan-
ger that focusing solely on the
death row plight of an individ-
ual taking the spotlight off the
dozens of other death row
plight of an individual taking
the spotlight off the dozens of
other death row plight of an
individual taking the spotlight
off the dozens of other death
row inmates who have been
victimized by incompetent at-
torneys. Prosecutors that play
fast and loose with the rules to
win convictions; or compliant
judges, such as Szabo, who
tried mightily to tip the jury
against Jamal. And then there
are the growing numbers of
death row inmates who have
been proven innocent and re-
leased. If Jamal ultimately
succeeds in winning a new
trial, or uncovers conclusive
evidence of his actual inno-
cence, will this deflate the
drive to scrap the death pen-
alty?
To his credit, Jamal has
recognized the potential dan-
r in obssessively fixating on
is case and turning him into a
cult figure. In his writings,
tapes, and his book, he has
repeatedly urged his support-
ers to fight just as hard to free
other prisoners unfairly con-
victed of crimes.
Pe ver} ori nae won at
t a tepid victory, the ques-
tion is� Will they heed his
words?
' lines.
or 5 is not pretty either.
On a part-time basis, |
work at this club and I say if
moms, grandmothers, aunts,
even older sisters could see
what our daughters are wear-
ing, you would be shocked. |
remember nights when the
temperature was below 35
degress and the girls would
be completely naked. Not to
mention, if their breasts were
larger than a 42D, or even a
42DD, had no bra on.
With everything hanging
down to their knees. What
happened to leaving a little to
the imagination. This is the
year 2002, and why can't we
encourage our daughters to
wait until they get married to
Ali is a Black
Champ we didn't
turn our backs
ON.....0000
By: Earl Byrd
Dear Reader.
Happy New Year. I've
got a couple of resolutions, but
since "Ali", (my personal
friend and hero) is the bomb
new movie. it made me re-
member another champion of
my youth. The first authentic
African-American hero to the
' country was a savage tiger and
killing machine, according to
New York newspaper head-
He was Joe Louis, the
"Brown Bomber", an avenging
angel who announced the de-
cline of Nazi prestige in the
world beginning with a 124-
second knockout barrage that
began with a left hook. While
the world-----especially
Americans ---- cheered his
short, explosive punches broke
the Nazi German champion
Max = Schmeling's _ nose,
cracked two ribs, nearly tore
out his eye, and left his broken
lower jaw swinging on_ its
hinges.
Hilter had a conniption.
They pulled the plug in
Germany, and four years later,
in 1942, World War II was in
full swing. " Patriotic Joe
turned his back on his multi-
million dollar career, joined
the army, amde sergeant, and
put on exhibitions for a penny
a fight to raise money for the
war effort. When he came out
the IRS said he owe the
government a million dollars
in back taxes.
| remember my elementary
school teacher trying to ex-
plain to us that if he earned a
million dollars every year and
paid taxes on his bill, after 20
years he would still owe the
government a million dollars.
When we fought, the
streets were empty. Every
Black in America was in front
of aradio. And when the fight
ended, we still poured outside
---- | felt the pride as a little
kid --- to celebrate and bask in
joy and personal satisfaction.
But here's what broke my
heart. When the champ came
out of the hospital in his old
age, broke, alone, a sad and
tragic American icon,, guess
who was there with a wheel
chair? Here's one clue: there
wasn't a nigger in sight.
"Ol' Blue Eyes" himself,
Frank Sinatra, pushed him to a
limo. He looked down at the
champ who had been like a
firmament in the sky above
America during the 30's , 40s,
and 50s, and told him not to
worry about a thing, For what
he'd done for America, Frank
assured him, all he have to do
have sex, or at least if they.
are going to have sex, be
willing to, take the responsi-
bili of having it.. To alot of
our babies, they think there is
no responsibility when it
comes to having sex. | don't
care how much that boy tells
you, you look good, or how
good he lies and says that he
LOVES you. If you see the
statistics with the Pitt County
health department, and the
state of North Carolina, you
will find that teenage preg-
nancy is on the rise. More
and more young women un-
der the age of 21, are having
more than two kids before
they are.even legal age to
drink alcohol. Alot of them
don't get the chance to experi-
ence life and the fun of being
young and not to mention the
experience of college. Alot
of them don't realize when
you start having kids, all the
fun stops. I had my first
daughter after I graduated
high school. I was able to
enjoy my freshman and
sophmore year of college and
believe me, it was Fun !!!
Luckily, | had a grandmother
who at the time, told me to
enjoy life, because it is too
precious. And she did. With
the love and support from my
grandmother, I was able to
experience alot that the aver-
age 23 year old, would not
even do.
Like most girls, | was
listened to a 'niggaT who told
me that he loved me. I meant
more to him that the world. |
believed it. And do you want
to know what that love got
me. It got me in trouble with
the feds. Oh yes, the US
for the rest of his life was
stand in the casino, gamble,
shake hands with fans, and
play golf.
Hell with old age
insurance, the government,
and an entire race that had
turned its back on its first true
Black hero who had crossed
racial lines. Here was a White
man taking Joe under his wing
and ensuring that he would
enjoy the rest of his life in
style and in the limelight so no
one would forget who was
"The Champ" and America's
true hero. That's why when
they kidnapped Frank's son
and demanded $90,000 |
cheered when Frank came on
national TV in shirt sleeves
and tie at half mast and said,
"Tl tell you what I'm gonna
give you. I'ma give you 'til
morning to have my son back
here safe and sound."
Don't you know they had
that boy back safe and sound
by daybreak. They didn't
know they were messing with
the Godson. Ol' Blue Eyes,
doing it his way. Then chumps
disappeared under the sands of
the desert for their trouble. Oh
yeah, | can dig the hell out of
a White cat, especially when
they're molded out of my own
heart.
So you can imagine how
| felt about Muhammad Ali.
"Them little Viet Cong ain't
never done nothing to me," he
screamed. "You want me to
fight my enemy? Give me a
helmet. some boots, a tank and
send me to Mississippi. | ain't
going in the army. Take my
championship. Take my
money. | got principle."
Here's a guy so bad he has his
own theme song written by
George Benson, "The
Greatest". Ever listened to the
words? "Learning to love
yourself is the greatest love of
a i
| remember my editor,
Dave Bergan, putting me
straight one day when he came
by my desk and saw my
autographed photo of Ali and
the words, "My hero," in
magic maker.
"He's my hero, too," Dave
said.
"How's that ?" | snapped.
"Who you think he was
talking to when he made those
college tours during his years
of banishment? hite stu-
dents. It was White people
who loved him and a White
court that set him free." 1 was
getting mad. We called him.
"The People's Champion" and
he was usurping my friend and
hero. | kept my mouth shut
and let him continue with his
bravado,
"We loved him," he said.
And then he dropped the
bomb. "We loved him because
Federal Government are the
sn eae
with. / get deep into your
life !! So you see, love got
me a criminal record.
-[ want to encourage all
my sistas in the community.
If we have the power to raise
kids on our own for hundreds
of years, then it is time we
take better care of our girls,
as well as our sons.
Alot of times, single moms,
we have to be mother and
father. Why can't some of
this rap music, that brothers
listen to, encourage these
absent fathers to take more
responsibility for their seeds
that they plant. Encourage
our sistas to stay in school
and stay abstient and love
themselves more. Love thy-
self first, and then you can
love another.
If you have any ideas on
how to improve the commu-
nication with our daughters,
then | encourage your
thoughts and suggestions.
Starting in March 2002, the
Minority Voice will start hav-
ing more and more articles,
seminars, and classes for
young women in the commu-
nities. For further informa-
tion, please contact Ms.
Rouse at woow (@skan-
tech.net or fax at
252.757.1793.
Your comments and sugges-
tions will greatly appreicated.
Remember 2002 is the year of
the Woman !!!!
WOOW
he wasn't like a Black him, he
was like a White man. He had
principle and was willing to
lose everything for what he
believed."
He put his cigar in his
mouth, laughed like a jolly
Santa Claus and said, "That's s
White trait." If I ever catch
Dave Bergan in a dark alley, |
won't know whether to choke
him to death or kiss him.
Because he not only made me
feel bad, he woke me up, and
I like to think that school ain't
never closed.
There are three pictures on
my dresser today. One of
Charley Parker and Miles
Davis, the second of Ali, and
the third, my ultimate hero,
Malcolm X, same guy that
guided Muhammad Ali into
the Nation of Islam.
I'm going to the new
movie, "Ali," tomorrow night
to catch the premiere, if | can
catch a ride. If not, I'll go next
week when it opens. But the
movie can't be as exciting as
the man himself. Muhammad
Ali called the rounds he'd
knock a chump out in, used
witch doctors to curse and
chant "Ali, kill him," during
his fight when he faked out
George Foreman and then
knocked him out in the sev-
enth round.
I saw the fight on closed
circuit with Petey Greene and
the renowned Washington at-
torney, Ron Goldfarb, author
of Jails, The Ghetto of the
Criminal Justice System. That
was back in the Watergate
days when all the defendants
were named Mitchell, John
Dean, John Erlichman, John
Haldeman.
It breaks my heart to see
Muhammad Ali suffering from
Parkinson's disease. I'm just
glad his mind is lucid and his
thinking clear enough to know
the world loves him and see
him in a position, unlike Joe,
where he can take care of
himself with dignity.
Dave Bergan would
probably say, what's to be
surprised at ? That's they way
an intelligent White man
thinks and plans his life. That
may be true, but this time
Blacks didn't turn their back
on their champion.
Well, that's my New Year's
resolution, to take a page out
of the White man's book and
be self-sufficient in my old
age. Live by principles for
which I'm prepared to die, like
Ali and Malcolm, write some
books, pay off my taxes (that's
another story) and prepare
myself to be worthy of the
woman of my dreams if she
ever gets hip to herself and
chooses me.
Until next year, | wish you
all the best,
+
The Minority Voice January 8 - January 18 2002
Dr. Mai
King, Jr.
1929-1968
Born in Atlanta, Georgia, he
graduated from. Morehouse
College (B.A., 1948), Crozer
Theological Seminary. (B.D.,
1951), and Boston University
(Ph.D., 1955). The son of the
pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist
Church in Atlanta, King was
ordained in 1947 and became
(1954) minister of a Baptist
church in Montgomery, Ala.
He led the boycott (195556)
by Montgomery blacks against
the segregated city bus lines,
-and he attained _ national
prominence by advocating a
policy of passive resistance to
segregation. In 1956, he
gained a major victory and
prestige as a civil rights leader
when the Montgomery buses
began to operate on a desegre-
gated basis
After the Montgomery suc-
cess, King organized the
Southern Christian
Leadership Conference,
which gave him a base to
pursue further civil rights
activities. first in the South
and later nationwide His phi-
losophy of nonviolent. resis-
tance led to his arrest on
numerous occasions in the
1950s and 60s
He organized the massive
March on- Washington
(August 28, 1963), which
brought more than 200,000
people together In 1964 he
was awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize
King's leadership in the civil
rights movement was chal-
lenged in the mid-1960s as
others grew more militant.
However, KingTs _ interests
widened from civil rights to
criticism of the Vietnam War
and to a deeper concern for
poverty His plans for a Poor
People's March to Washington
were interrupted (1968) fof a
trip to Memphis, Tenn, in
support of striking sanitation
workers On April 4, 1968, he
was shot and killed by an
assassin's bullet on the bal-
cony of the motel where he
was staying James Earl Ray
was later convicted of his
murder His birthday 1s an
American national holiday,
celebrated on the third
Monday 1n January
Sharpton Eyes
the Prize
by George Will
The Democratic Party's night-
mare 1S abstemiously break-
fasting on oatmeal and skim
milk Al Sharpton, 47, 1s in
fighting trim. He has lost the
weight of a 10-year-old boy --
80-plus pounds -- and 1s
spoiling for a fight
The Brooklyn-born and New
York-based preacher-agitator
thinks he has dethroned Jesse
Jackson as the reigning heavy-
weight among = African
American leaders. He will
take his rhetorical flair -- a
street preacher at age 4, at 10
he toured with Mahalia
Jackson and preached to
10,000 at the 1964 World's
Fair -- into the 2004
Democratic presidential _ pri-
maries. He will "raise a pro-
gressive agenda" and
"energize minority voters" and
"develop enough leverage to
leverage the party."
"We" -- his plural pronoun
intermittently signals identifi-
cation with Jackson -- "went
from 1988, being number two
to Dukakis, to '96 in Chicago
begging to get a prime-time
speech -- which he didn't get.
We can't tolerate that."
When reminded that every
fourT years someone says
Democrats can win by turning
left, he serenely replies, "Well,
I'm the someone this time." He
says, oI'm better-known than
Daschle and Gephardt" in
inner cities and "I'm better-
known now than Jackson was
in 1982." ("You have to look
at Jesse two years before his
first run.") He says black radio
is "much stronger" than when
Jackson was running, there is
Black Entertainment
Television, and students and
activists on the Internet.
Furthermore, the DemocratsT
Theories about
MLK's Assassination
Since Martin Luther King Jr's
assassination three decades
ago, his murder has become
endless fodder for conspiracy
theorists. Complete with shad-
owy film noir atmospherics
and sensational charges lev-
eled at the highest circles of
power, the King conspiracy
theories rival the most crazed
accounts of Kennedy's assas-
sination.
These theories gained re-
newed momentum when
King's son Dexter met with
his father's convicted assassin
in prison in 1997. With the
blessings of King's widow and
the other King children,
Dexter King shook James Earl
Ray's hand and professed be-
lief in his innocence A sec-
ond boost to the legitimacy of
the King conspiracy theories
came the following year when
Attorney General Janet Reno
reopened a limited investiga-
tion into the assassination in
August 1998 And finally, in
Dec 1999, a Memphis jury
awarded the King family $100
in a wrongful death suit The
jury professed that the murder
was indeed a conspiracy 1n-
volving bar owner Lloyd
Jowers and several oun-
known" co-conspirators Few
journalists, scholars, or law
enforcement officials familiar
with the case have given
credence to the new court
findings
In the accepted version of the
assassination"one which no
credible historian, federal or
state investigation, or court of
law has disputed: "James Ear!
Ray, a career criminal and
racist, murdered Martin
Luther King on April 4, 1968
An escaped convict, Ray
rented a room in Memphis
across from the Lorraine
Motel where King was staying
while mediating a sanitation
workersT strike Using a rifle
with a sniper scope. he shot
King from his bathroom win-
dow as King stood on the
balcony of the motel The
single bullet severed King's
spinal cord and killed him
Witnesses reported seeing
Ray fleeing his rooming house
moments later Ray's finger-
prints were found on a pair o!
binoculars and the rifle, which
records show he had_ pur-
chased six days before the
shooting. Following a two-
moving many primaries to
early in 2004 will help him It
will reward name recognition
and "in the base I'm trying to
bring out, I'm well-known o
Now, picture the other candi-
dates in 2004, mostly senators
with their pretty red ties and
not a hair out of place.
decorously debating Sharpton.
who talks like this "In the
language of the hood, Clinton
pimp-slapped Jesse on Sister
Souljah." Sharpton is talking
about Clinton's 1992 criticism
of a black rap singer to
distance himself from, among
others, Jackson
Sharpton says Jackson, 60,
has been his mentor, friend
and "surrogate father" but
now 1s an exhausted volcano,
viewed by young blacks as "an
establishment figure "
Besides, he says, since
Jackson acknow'edged father-
ing a child with an aide, he
has lost the unlimited access
he had to black churches
Sharpton compares Jackson to
Muhammad Ali: Great once,
can't fight anymore. He says
Jackson learned from Martin
Luther King Jr. during a few
years of association, but he,
Sharpton, has benefited from
observing 30 years of
Jackson's mistakes. Parricide
isn't pretty.
Sharpton is free of reverence
and reticence. Referring to the
ex-president's office: ,"It 1s
appropriate that Bill Clinton 1s
in Harlem so he can welcome"
those tossed off welfare by the
legislation he signed in 1996.
Sharpton says all 38 members
of the Congressional Black
Caucus are, or can be, threat-
ened by insurgents. The 38
"must side with me or I'll
support the insurgents."
The oprogressive agenda" is
mostly the left's leftovers -- no
death penalty, less incarcera-
tion, more ponerous welfare --
with one addition, On Sept. 10
Jackson, Sharpton and others
in Luther I
ng Jr.
month-long manhunt, Ray was
arrested at Heathrow Airport
after he had robbed a London
bank. As he told his first
attorney, Percy Foreman, "I
thought I could get to [South]
Africa and serve two or three
years in one of them merce-
nary armies and those folks
over there wouldn't send me
back."
To escape facing the possibil-
ity of execution, Ray pleaded
guilty in March 1969. A trial
was waived and he was given
a 99-year prison sentence.
To escape facing the possibil-
ity of execution, Ray pleaded
guilty in March 1969. As a,
result, a trial was waived and |
Ray was given a 99-year
prison sentence Even though
he had told the judge he
understood that a guilty plea -
could not be appealed, he
recanted his confession three
days later Despite many ap-
peals, none of Ray's numerous
lawyers ever produced evi-
dence to convince a court of
law to reopen the case. A
federal investigation in 1977-
1978 by the House Select
Committee on Assassinations
concluded that although
"there 15 a likelihood" that Rav
did not act alone in planning
the assassination, he alone
pulled the srigger
Until heoTdied in prison on
April 23, 1998. Ray main-
tained his innocence, spinning
a series of outlandish, often
contradictory conspiracy theo-
ries, beginning with the rea-
son he initially confessed to
the murder Ray claimed it
was coerced by his lawyer,
who was angling for a lucra-
tive movie deal What follows
are some of the more popular
conspiracy theories
Theory #1
Was James Earl Ray. a career
criminal and known racist.
nothing more than a patsy for
someone even shadier?
Theory #2
It was the government. the
Memphis police, the FBI. and
Army intelligence " not to
mention the Mafia and the
Green Berets
Quality Furniture In Ever
First
a Over 3,000 Pieces.
y Department
168 c o week
Theory #3
Donald Wilson, a retired FBI
employee. found pieces of
paper in Ray's car after the
1968 shooting that had the
aT % 1 . _ 2?
"Raul" written on a oe ds ane
name oRau L | |
them = J . Pay
we / y
7 7a No T, 4 iqit Sm
were close to forcing , Ae 383
Democrats to face the issue of
reparations for slavery Blown
away, the issue 1s coming
back Sharpton will see to
that
His critics will see to the
revival of interest in what has
been: called = "Sharpton's
Chappaquiddick," his riotous
support of Tawana Brawley,
the black 15-year-old who in
1987 tabricated a story of rape
and abuse by some white men.
She was thoroughly discred-
ited Sharpton stops well short
of remorse "I did what |
believed "
Today he says he shares some
of the cultural conservatism --
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nounces "decadence and low
expectations in our commu-
nity," saying "this hip-hop
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glorifying decadence "
A long-distance runner -- hy-
perkinetic, he travels inces-
santly, omostly to B and C
cities" ike Flint " and
Tallahassee "because I'm
known in A cities" -- he has
put away the jogging suits he
wore to hide his previous
bulk. In his chalk-striped gray
flannel he is more conserva- f
tively dressed than many in
the Four Seasons hotel dining
room. "I am conservative on
everything but race," he de-
clares with a straight face, a
declaration somewhat vitiated |
by the fact that, for him,
everything is race.
Sly, clever, witty, incapable of ¥
embarrassment and uninter- }
ested in the ceremonial polite- J]
ness of national politics, F
Sharpton is going to have fun ff
in 2004. Democrats, can't we [J
all just get along? Give him at J
least a prime-time convention Jj
speech. On reparations.
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Suge Knight . won't
face charges in probe
By Chuck Philips
A federal racketeering
probe into allegations that
Marion Suge' Knight and
his Los Angeles label, Death
Row Records, committed
acts of murder, drug traf-
ficking, money laundering
and gunrunning has resulted
in a pair of misdemeanor tax
charges.
Under a proposed plea bar-
gain arrangement __filed
Tuesday in U.S. District Court
in Los Angeles, Death Row
would plead guilty to failing
to submit an income tax
return; the label would pay a
$100,000 fine and reimburse
the government an unspeci-
fied amount of unpaid taxes.
Knight and his attorney said
Tuesday's action signals the
end of an _ investigation
launched in 1995 by the Los
Angeles Police Department,
FBI (news - web sites) and
three other federal law en-
forcement agencies. No
charges have been filed
against Knight, the original
kingpin of gangsta rap music.
"The truth 1s the truth," Knight
said in an interview. "I appre-
ciate the fact that, after look-
ing into these lies and finding
nothing, they had the integrity
to say, 'OK, this guy broke no
law.T and called it off"
Federal authorities have de-
clined to discuss or even
confirm the investigation
since it began six years ago.
On Tuesday, a spokesman for
the U.S. attorney's office re-
fused to comment on whether
Knight or Death Row were
ever the target of a criminal
probe.
On Monday, the U.S. attor-
ney's office in Los Angeles
issued a one-page letter to
Knight's lawyer stating that no
charges would be pressed
against Knight for tax viola-
tions or money laundering,
according to sources familiar
with the document. The letter
did not exonerate Knight on
the allegations of murder,
racketeering and other violent
offenses.
Knight's Father
Enters Guilty Plea
The apparent shuttering of the
racketeering probe ends an
ugly chapter in the music
business. The LAPD (news -
web sites) suspected Knight
of masterminding the 1997
slaying of rapper Notorious
B.1.G. with the help of corrupt
LAPD officers, according to
reports by numerous media
outlets, including the Los
Angeles Times. Those reports
were based primarily on infor-
mation provided by law en-
forcement sources and: Death
Row informants who also
cooperated with authorities
who oversaw the federal
probe.
Court filings show that the
government investigation
turned up evidence that Death
Row failed to pay taxes on
$825,716 in income generated
between Dec. 1, 1995, and
Nov. 30, 1996. Knight blamed
a former accountant, whose
firm paid an $8-million, out-
of-court settlement to Death
Row after a lengthy legal
battle.
The Justice Department
launched its racketeering
probe to determine whether
Knight's thriving rap label
was a criminal enterprise
with street gang affiliations
and Mafia ties.
The government began keep-
ing tabs on Knight in the early
1990s, shortly after he and
Compton rap producer Dr
Dre launched the first black-
owned-and-operated gangsta
rap label. Defying music in-
dustry convention, Knight
strategically marketed music
with violent lyrics and hired
unemployed ex-convicts as
well as members of the Crips
and Mob Piru Bloods gangs to
help build his gangsta rap
empire.
The burly. 6-foot-3-inch entre-
preneur sports a diamond
studded ring that spells out the
word "MOB." He named his
short-lived Las Vegas night-
club "662"--the numbers cor-
responding on a telephone
keypad to the word "mob."
Although authorities began
targeting a handful of Death
Row employees for their al-
leged participation in assaults
and other criminal activities,
no arrests have been made.
As part of the probe, prosecu-
tors tried to establish whether
Knight's label was underwrit-
ten with drug money from
convicted Compton crack
dealers Michael "Harry-O"
Harris and Patrick Johnson.
No money laundering charges
were filed.
Knight had eight criminal
cases on his rap sheet before
he wound up in prison. He
was incarcerated in October
1996 when a judge deter-
mined that he had violated his
probation on a previous as-
sault conviction by kicking a
man during a scuffle at a Las
Vegas hotel. The scuffle took
place hours before Shakur
was killed in September 1996
during a dr:ve-by shooting.
Knight was driving the car in
which Shakur was shot.
After Notorious B.I.G. was
gunned down in March 1997,
agents from the FBI, the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco
the
and ° Firearms,
Enforcement » Administration
and the LAPD began investi-
gating Knight's possible role
in the slayings and other
violent acts. Law enforcement
Drug
authorities investigated
whether Knight staged
Shakur's slaying and hired a
hit man to kill Notorious
B.1LG, whose real name was
Christopher Wallace.
Three years ago, police raided
Knight's office and San
Fernando Valley home and
confiscated a Chevrolet
Impala that authorities be-
lieved was used in the Wallace
killing. Police returned the
vehicle and other personal and
business items without press-
ing charges.
Knight Calls Media Reports
RacistT
The killings of Shakur and
Wallace remain unsolved.
Recentiy, Roiling Stone and
cable music TV network VH1
produced reports that sug-
gested Knight was linked to
the slayings. Those reports
were based on information
provided by former LAPD
Det. Russell Poole, who
worked on the murder investi-
gations of Shakur and
Notorious B.1.G_ and recently
filed a lawsuit against the
Police Department.
Poole has criticized the
LAPD, saying it did not
vigorously investigate
Wallace's death because the
slaying may have involved
corrupt police officers linked
to Knight
"| believe that Suge Knight
was involved in the murders
of Biggie and Tupac." Poole
said. "In my opinion, neither
Knight nor Chief Parks have
been held accountable for
what they've done."
Knight insisted that he had
nothing to do with the shoot-
ings and that Poole's theories
are false.
"Underneath it all, what you're
going to find here is this is
just about some former cop
wanting to grab a bunch of
money and a few moments of
fame," Knight said.
Knight, who was released
from prison in September
after serving five years, said
he believes the media reports
were racially motivated
"Do you think they could get
away with publishing | this
kind of crap about a white
Hollywood executive? No
way. It's racist," Knight said
Representatives for Rolling
Stone and VHI said they
stand by their reports.
1OMEWORKS
1940 N. MEMORIAL DR,
GREENVILLE, NC 27834
2 couvicted in
But
Hampton student's
- murder
_ . By Holly Roberson
Terry Moore and his friends
were going out on the town.
first the Hampton
University honor student had
a rendezvous oin the park to
sell marijuana. Moore left his
friends in the car and disap-
peared into the darkness late
one night last July.
Several minutes later, his
friends heard two gunshots.
They tried Terry's cell phone
and began frantically follow-
ing their friend's footsteps.
They didn't go far before they
heard the ringing cell phone
and saw it's glow on the dark
ground.
Terry M. Moore Jr lay
motionless next to the phone
with a fatal gunshot wound to
the head.
Newport News Circuit Court
Judge Robert Curran found
two men guilty Tuesday in
connection with Moore's
death July 14, 2001. Both
Yates Michaels, 20, and
Stephen Holland, !7, were
found guilty of first degree
murder, robbery and various
firearms charges connected to
~ the:
o Minority Voice
at Nicewood
Park in Menshville
Both face up to life in prison
when they are sentenced in
March, ° �
It all: started earlier that day
as Holland and Michaels sat
around watching horror mov-
ies with a group of friends.
Michaels said he needed to
get some money so he could
oget out of town." #
It was unclear from testimony
Tuesday exactly " what
Michaels -- also known as
Sticky -- meant by that.
Michaels and Holland talked
about different people they
could rob, said one of their
friends who testified Tuesday.
The two finally settled on
Moore, also known as Fudge.
There was an agreement to
meet Moore at the park just
before midnight.
Holland hid behind a tree and
Michaels met Moore near the
playground, armed with a gun.
From the stand Tuesday,
Michaels said he told Moore
to give him everything he had
But Moore grabbed the gun,
Michaels said, and it "went
off"
"| had no intention of hurting
anybody," said Michaels in a
barely audible voice. "I just
Wanted to scare him. | didn't
January 8 - January 18 2002 .
ok he'd the gun"
Moore dpi to his knees
after the first shot. Michaels
then shot him again, and took
_ off with the marijuana, ac-
cording to testimony. Holland
had already run. off.
Michaels returned to the
friendsT house where the plan
had been hatched. He changed
his shirt, one witness testified,
because ohe said he smelled
like the guy.�
A friend notified police and
Holland was arrested the next
morning.
Michaels fled to Montana
where he used to live with his
mother. He was arrested after
a Daily Press reporter re-
ceived a call from a person in
Montana who heard that
Michaels had admitted killing
Moore. Detectives flew tc
Montana "and brough:
Michaels back
Moore's family sat emagion-
less Tuesday as the verdicts
were read. They didn't want tc
talk to a reporter
Terry Moore would have
been a sophomore at Hampton
University this year
Holly Roberson can be
reached at 247-4736 or by
e-mail at hrober-
son(@dailypress co
pose
|
JEF? COX
_ Phone (252) 355-7100
| Fax (252) 355-3978
IF YOU NEED A LOAN FOR
HOLIDAY
EXPENSES,AUTOMOBILE
DOWN PAYMENT OR
HOME REPAIRS - COME
SEE JEFF COX IF IT CAN
BE DONE, JEFF CAN DO IT
3005 S. Memorial Drive
Greenville, N,C, 27834
_-. J
Salutes Dr. Martin Luther King J r
REV. Bit R. ANDERSON
What:
Where:
When:
mons
New Beginning, New Management, New Year
YouTre Invited! Come meet the staff and
Phillips Brothers
fHlortuary
1501 W. Fourteenth St. ¢ Greenville, NC 27834
Telephone/Office: (252) 752-2536
Fax: (252) 353-2364
Boris oBurcu� Barrett
4
ee
tour the newlyrenovated facility
Open House
Phillips Brothers Mortuary
1501 W. Fourteenth St.
Greenville, North Carolina
Sunday January 6, 2002
3:00 PM - 6:00 PM
Staff
Dr. Billy R. Anderson, Owner
Mr. Boris oButch� Barrett, Manager
Ms. Ellis Brown, Public Relations
oTimely Service for Those Untimely Circumstances�
| The Miry Voie anary8- -jaary 18 2002
Life of Georgia to pay Alfrican-Americans $45 million
By Scot J. Paltrow »
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL ©
Jan. 9 Life Insurance Co. of. Gere: tentatively has: oagreed to reimburse
African-American customers more than $45 million to settle allegations that it
routinely charged blacks higher rates than whites for identical policies, people
involved in the negotiations. said -
THE SETTLEMENT, expected to be announced by the end of this month, would .
resolve a lawsuit in federal court in Louisiana against the company by. black
policyholders, as well as an investigation by a multistate group of insurance
regulators.
The amount would make the settlement the second-largest to date in the series
of lawsuits and investigations stemming from inquiries into race-based pricing by life
insurers. In 2000, American General Corp. agreed to pay $215 million to settle
allegations it had charged higher premiums to African-Americans on smaller policies.
Advertisement
Life of Georgia, which is based in Atlanta and was founded in 1891, was acquired
in 1979 by the Netherlands-based company that 1s now ING Groep NV Dianne
Bemez, a spokeswoman for INGs U S. operations, confirmed that we are very close
to wrapping up negotiations, and were very confident were going to reach a
settlement shortly
Bernez declined to discuss details But others with knowledge of the talks said
the agreement would involve reimbursing African-American customers an amount in
the range of $45 million to $60 million and also would include a much smaller
amount in fines paid to the states They said a number of lesser details in the
settlement were still being worked out
Georgia Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine, who 1s participating in the
negotiations, said about three million Life of Georgia policyholders could be eligible
for compensation under the settlement
Life of Georgia was one of the companies cited in a Wall Street Journal Page
One article in April 2000 that reported that several large life insurers in the past had
routinely sold policies with higher rates for blacks than for whites for the same
amounts of coverage, and that they were continuing to collect higher premiums from
black customers on policies still in force
That article quoted a former semor Life of Georgia actuary. who said that
discrimination remained when he left the company in 1981 and that on certain kinds
of policies the company had two rate tables, one for blacks and one for whites The
article reported that Life of Georgia demed it had ever used race-based rates
Asked if the company still demies the allegations. Bernez said Tuesday that ING
wouldnt discuss Life of Georgias past actions until the settlement 1s announced
The Life of Georgia developments come as state insurance departments around
the country have recently announced progress in several other of the pending
investigations of more than 100 life insurers suspected of having used race-based
pricing. In December, the South Carolina insurance department said it had moved to
impose fines and suspend the operating license of Liberty Life Insurance Co . which
the state said had continued to collect premiums from blacks that were about a third
higher than those charged for whites with similar pretties The Greenville, SC,
company said it 1s appealing the move
A smaller South Carolina company, Charleston-based Atlantic Coast Life Insurance
Co., last month agreed to pay $1 | million to settle a state investigation and a private
lawsuit alleging it had charged discriminatory rates
In November, New Yorks state insurance department released the first of what
it says will be a series of investigation reports The report. on Phoenix Life Insurance
Co, said the unit of Phoenix Cos . Hartford. Conn . had violated antidiscrimination
regulations decades ago, but it recommended no penalty because investigators said
they couldnt find evidence that recent policvholders were affected
The state says a major investigation of MetLife Inc . the nations second-largest lite
insurer, 1s continuing MetLife also has been sued in federal court in Manhattan by
black policyholders New York-based MetLife. which 1s contesting the Jawsuit. has
said that it 1s cooperating with the New, York investigation
We Must Bring Race into
The Social Security Debate
by john a powell
o the midst of this highly
politicized presidential cam-
paign, the central concerns of
racial minorities have been
largely marginalized
There is no better example of
this than the current focus on
Social Security. It is perceived
as either a race-neutral issue
that has an impact only on the
voting elderly, or an issue that
does not bring up the ugly and
uncomfortable subject of ra-
cial discrimination.
But Social Security 1s not just
about the elderly It 1s also
about the young and, more
poignantly, about racial ineq-
uity in America.
Although Old-Age Insurance
redistributes more wealth and
costs more than any other
government-benefits program,
it has traditionally received
sacred-cow status because it
is universal in nature Old-
Age Insurance and Medicare
are the only "welfare" pro-
grams that benefit all recipi-
ents, regardless of income.
Virtually all workers now pay
into, and are eligible for,
Old-Age Insurance. .
Even though Social Security
is available to everyone, the
system continues to perpetu-
ate racial, class and gender
disparities, but in a somewhat
disguised form.
Social Security taxes are
regressive that 1s, low-
income payers are charged the
same rate that wealthy people
pay. A payroll tax of 12.7
percent is taken, regardless of
whether a person makes the
minimym wage and works for
only one week of the year or
makes $76,200 annually. No
Social Security taxes at all are
Donald Watkins, The
Richest Black Man in
America, The Richest Man
in Alabama .
by Jessie J. Lewis, Sr.
Speakin' Out News
Donald Watkins will be the
richest man in America who
owns a baseball franchise, if
he is able to purchase one that
is presently on the block for
sale. He is interested in pur-
chasing The Devil Rays, the
Minnesota Twins or the
Florida Marlins. He has per-
formed step one in the process
to purchase, which is
plone to the Nation
Baseball League.
paid on income above that level
Once they retire. poorer folk vet smaller monthly
payouts than their affluent counterparts The amount
received 1s based on the total amount paid in by the
recipient (and his or her spouse) over a work lifetime
The less you pay in. the less vou receive People of
color have lower incomes than whites Thev thus put
fewer total dollars into the system and receive lower
benefits when they retire
Also, people of color receive these benefits for a
significantly shorter amount of time than whites
because they retire older and die vounger For example,
the life expectancy for African-American males 1s only
65 years -- the age at which Social Security benefits
typically become available -- compared to 73 tor white
men Many people of color die before ever receiving
Social Security benefits, even though thev've paid taxes
into the system throughout their lives
Notwithstanding these systemic inequities. Social
Security represents the most important source of
retirement income for most people of color Because
people of color have far tewer assets than whites and
are much less likely to be covered by private pension
programs, they tend to be more dependent on Social
Security at retirement
This trend means that a larger number of longer-living
retirees will be supported by a shrinking number of
younger workers Unless substantial changes are made
in the way Social Security 1s structured. the system 1s
projected to 20 broke by 2037
The aging baby boomers are disproportionately white,
while younger and newer workers are increasingly
people of color This means that minority vouth of
today will be depended upon heavily as the workers of
tomorrow. Unfortunately, due to equities in education
they receive from grade school through high school,
they are inadequately prepared to enter the work force.
Yet during this century, this same poorly educated,
underpaid population may be asked to accept an even
higher rate of taxation to benefit elderly white baby
boomers.
The solution to these potential intergenerational and
racial tensions 1s not to cut benefits to the elderly.
Instead, corporations and wealthy individuals must
assume their fair share of taxes.
We must insist that existing budget surpluses be used
to shore up Social Security and to finance infrastructure
and educational improvements, especially in the inner
cities.
UPN's President Leaves Network
Viacom Inc. said Friday that UPN President Dean
Valentine will leave the company, one month after the
media company shifted operating control of the
television network away from Paramount Pictures and
put it under CBS.
CBS PRESIDENT AND Chief Executive Leslie
Moonves will oversee the operations of UPN until a new
organizational structure for the network is announced,
Viacom said Friday. Mr. Valentines departure is effective
immediately.
There had been rampant speculation that Mr.
Valentine would leave the network following the
shake-up. Earlier this year, Mr. Valentine sued his bosses
for breach of contract, claiming he was owed as much
as $22 million in bonuses.
Although UPN showed some ratings gains last fall, it
has struggled through much of its existence, and its
losses have topped $1 billion since its 1995 founding, ,
UPN and Paramount executives sometimes di
over the networks direction, and other tensions existed.
He fore vou know it. vour child will be ready for college. But will vou be ready =
Now theres anew investment program that can help your famih save for education expenses =
North Carolinas National College Savings Program.
North Carolina's National College Savings Program is:
Accessible \nyonce parents, grandparents, friends, even an organization "
can save toward the college education of someone they care aout. And the benefician
can be any age. from a newborn to an adult. You can even open an account for
vourscll if College ts in vour future.
Affordable You decile how much to
contribute and when. Make lump-sum
C ongtrtbut WAS MA hener er vou Walt or
sel up d monthly draft
Comprehensive. Choose trom a
variety of ivestinent Options, from consen ative to More aggressive,
Tax free. \ccount carnings are tree from federal and North Carolina income taxes
when the money is used to pay tor qualified education expenses.
Flexible. Use the money to pay expenses at any college anywhere in
the countn
More information on North Carolinas National College Savings Program is available through
College Foundation of North Carolina. Call us toll-free or visit our website today to get
details and enrollment forms.
A moment of your time now could make all the difference in your child's future.
800-600-3453
www. CENC org/Savings
Foiiidation
of North Carolina
Helping You Plan, Apply, and Pay for College
Ahis adverts cantaras yoo ntoemation about the Proycin and shall not constitute an offer to sell aay interests in the Program Tnterests in the Program
Wan be ollcred anh hy means atc printed Proyrany Description and Enrollment Agreement. Sec the Program Descnptian for complete details
The uivestment aptens ar net ytuorantocd by the State of North Carolina, the State Lduy ation Asstitance Authonty College Foundation Ine or anv investment
Hankager Parhopants issue allinvestment risk. including the potential loss of principal as well as responsibility tor federal and state tax consequences. Accounts
ate ret bark abe posits. are HOt unsure bv the FDIC or ar gmernmental unit @F pfivale persion and may lowe value
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Black People Know Your History !
A Tribute To Dr. King
lo the Eediqor:
Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr. the first Black American
honored by a national holiday, the leader who changed the lives of
Black and White Americans. and 34 years after his death, he is the
most revered Black in the United States and possibly the most widely
honored Black person in history. Hundreds of streets and parks bear
his name and there are statues in nearly every state of the Union.
including one at Morehouse College in Atlanta and in the Washington
Cathed al in DC. But the biggest memorial remains in King Center in
Atlanta. the city where the greatest number of memorials are located.
Dr. King was a spiritually evolved and enlightened man.
His integrity. wisdom, discipline, and unwavering faith made him one
of the most inspiring and admirable human beings the world has ever
known. " Hle was a teacher and preacher of LOVE.
Our nation needs the vision of Dr. King today more than ever.
Our nation needs people firmly committed to work tirelessly. with
God's help. to take down the fences, which separate us from one
another. Dr. King believed that all people can learn and live together
in peace. ard he showed us powerful ways of achieving those goals.
Lets commit curselves to his dreams !!
Ebenezer Baptist Church, - | .
Gospel music was at its best at Ebenezer Church. as Rev. Thomas Walker continue to bring
quality. and big name gospel to Rocky Mt.. NC. Pictured above is WOOW's: Reggie Price. Rev.
Thomas Walker, Rev. Tiff Mc Carter. Pictured below Foxy 104 FM's Ron Porter.
: Photo By Jim Rouse
Read You Might Enjoy It
Beatrice Maye
North Carolinas
National College
Savings Program
Christlike Productions Inc.
"Nhe Lordy TempleT
7
- Mf}
Ihe State of North Caroling believes every student desenes the opportunity to pursue a bigher education,
Now vou can start saving for college through North Carolina's National College Savings Program.
North CarolinaTs National College Savings Program is:
\ecessible Open an account for your child. grandchild, or a friend for anyone whose future
may include college. You can even open an account for voursell br
\ffordable Contribute whatever amount vou can afford. Make lump-sum contributions
¢ |
whenever you wantor setup a monthly draft. |
Comprehensive. Choose trom avanety of investment options
lax free. \ccount carnings ate free from federal and North Caroling income tayes when the
rs ee moners is used to pay for qualihied higher education expenses
aie ~
a? By Steven J. Brown wo Flexible. Use the money to pay expenses at any college amvwhere in the country
Date & Time: Date & Time: a |
\lore information about North Carolina's National College Savings Program ts offered through College
Foundation of North Caroling, Callus toll-free or visit our website today to get details and enrollment forms.
FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 2002 SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 2002
Joo re . o/RE oo
3:00 - Juv Pm Vimoment of your time now could make all the difference in vour child's future
Where g Cost: J. H. ROSE HIGH SC HOOL 7
PERFORMING ARTS CENTER ,
pe.
{ DEN 1 1 a IS $5.00 (All Tickets Suid Atthe Door Only Generet 800-600-345 3
Gt Ne RAT PLO lc 37.00 ; Public | icket may ve purchased al Dave Can ~
UNDLR S YEARS OLD - PREE Coda anc Taste Or Heaven)
wCFENC orgSavings |
For More Info Contact: Steven or Kathy Brown @ (252) 695-0261 won Tests | |
Wa - College
Foundatio :
ou n |
JAS De
) of North Carolina |
Step by Step , |
Janitorial & Lawn Care |
. , . = |
Commercial ned Helping You Plan, Apply, and Pay for College |
Phone: 252-931-0175 Greenville, NC This cdvettisiig Contras general itor motien about the Programs and shall not Constitute an offer to sell an caterests rn the Program Fnterests inthe
Prognan aia he offer ooh byes ofa prates! Program Desc rptien and Enrollment Agreement Soothe Program Dos apie complete ehetails
Owner & Manager Assistant Manager Theives nt oprans an aot aia intecd by the State at North Carolina. the State Edis ation Vsetance Nathan College Loundeton big
OXON OMRON mage Parra ipantsoxscame alinvestmear nak imeluding the potential lows of pancypal well as re aponshitity for tederal and sate
Stephanie Shields Brenda Battle . Simms ! . aus mee Nv cements . at hank odepenas - so snared bn vhs PDN os eye ncn Yan et os prety ate pte myo aend i an) rm
i ( Cobloge Nowndation. lag 2001
Soul Sisters Lookin Good !
Shown above are two lovely sisters at Carolina East Mall, who
took time to pose tor our "M" Voice camera. One was able to
show off her beautiful baby
Photo by Jim Rouse
Noria wamaz
Don.t make a move without me
+
FOOTWEAR
rina Eat Mal
oth
eFull and Half Solese
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Heel Replacemente
*Rockport Re-soling* Shoe Care Products
*Shoe Shine «Dye WorkeKey Copyings
| We Clean Timberlands
Golden Rules for Living
By:Miriam Hamilton Keare
1. If you open it. close it.
2. If you turn it on.
turn it off.
3. If you unlock it, lock it up.
4. If you break it. admit it.
5. If you can't fix it. call in
someone who can.
6. If you borrow it. return it.
7. If you value it. take care
of it.
8. If you make a mess. clean
it up.
9. If you move it. put it back.
10. If it belongs to someone
else, get permission to use it.
Il. If vou don't know how to
Operate it. leave it alone.
12. If it's none of your
business. don't ask questions.
FAMOUS BLACK
QUOTATIONS FOR
Desk 0
TEENS....
°
1. | was born in the slums,
but the slum was not in me.
Jesse Jackson
2. I needed a lot of time to
change my expectations of
myself. I had to learn to
believe that | could do any-
thing | really wanted to
do. Wally "Famous Amos",
3. Love affords wonder.
And it is only love that gives
me the liberty, the courage to
zo inside and see who I really
am. :
Maya Angelou. poet/author
4. My responsibilities are to
do best work | can do and
to be the best human being |
can be.
Tont Morrison
5. | don't want to be the best
black golfer: | want to be the
best golfer.
liver Woodsgolfer
6. [really do believe that we
can all become better than we
are.
James Baldwin
Work on your reputation
until it Is established: when
it is established. it will work
for you.
lunisian proverb
8. With the gift you have
been given comes the respon-
sibility, to use and develop
them.
Les Brown/speaker
9 Be the best and. they
won't care Who Vou are or
What color you are. Be the
best. and you will do well,
Marc Hannah/executive
10. I've hit 755 home runs,
and | did it without putting a
needle in my arm or a
whiskey bottle in my mouth.
Hank Aaron, athlete
Il. Everybody loves a fool.
but nobody wants him as a
son.
Malinke proverb
12. I never allowed myself to
get lost, even when | was
a little girl. 1 held on to the
positive side. | never gave
in to alcohol, never gave in to
drugs, not even to smoking. |
gave in to myself. I went
inside of me to help me. It
can happen. You can do it.
Tina Turner/singer
13. While everyone else is
sleeping. it's ~~ working.
Will Smith/actor
14. All work is honorable.
Always do your best because
someone is watching.
Colin Powell
15. The love and support |
get trom my family goes a
long way, and helps me get
through the hardest
times...For me. family is eve-
ryhting.
Monica/singer
16. My parents taught me
alot about life and a lot about
the potholes in life. It's more
aware of where | am as a
person because of the knowl-
edge.
Michael Jordan
17. My mom was a single
parent who raised five kids
on the ' tough West Side of
Chicago. She told us that we
*
could do anything we
wanted: we just had to work
at it. Robert. Townsend
18. Yes, the reason | am
what | am today is because |
had a mother and father who
cared enough to keep me in
line. but who also always
followed me to my dreams.
Sinbad/comedian
19. My mother instilled in
me that | could do anything |
wanted to do. So I've never
been afraid to try. When |
see what | want. | don't see
barriers.
Morgan Freeman/actor
20. My grandmother paid my
way through film school.
She always had complete
faith in me.
Spike Lee filmmaker
21.. The older you get. the
smarter Vou realize your par-
ents are.
Johnnie Cochran lawyer
22. You owe it to others as
well as to vourself to be very
careful about letting others
makeup our mind for you.
Malcolm
23. Some people will tear
vou down just to see you fall.
Thev'll do it even if your loss
is their own,
Walter Mosley author
friend can
enemy.
24. A close
become a close
Ethiopian proverb
25. Influence ts a powerful
thing. Be caretul whom wha
vou allow to influence you.
Bishop 1. D. Jakes
Open n- Sat 10AM - 8Pm
Rosen 252-756-0044
Celebrating A Legac
oDarkness cannot drive
out darkness; only
light can do that.
Hate cannot drive
out hate; only
love can do that.�
~ D1. Misc
lh lauhy: Wilda: [2
1103 Broad Street
Greenville NC 27834
(252) 329-4000
www.ghanc.net
~The Minority. Voice january 8 - ianuarv 18 2002
(Job Opportunity)
GREENVILLE UTILITIES.
COMMISSION ©
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
Position available for experiences, highly motivated professional for the position of Assistant
General Manager (AGM). This position reports directly to the General Manager/CEO and pro-
vides functions/administrative direction to departmental directors as assigned. The AGM will be
responsible for some day-to-day operations of GUC and will act | the capacity of the General
Manager/CEO in his absence. This person will assist in the preparation of an annual budget of
$167 million and act as Executive Secretary for the Commission, signing and sealing legal docu-
ments. Other responsibilities of this position could include directing interdepartmental programs
and activated; public relations activities; identification of operational or policy problems with
recommendation for solutions; development of new methods and procedures for internal opera-
tions and working with the management team for their implementation; and other duties assigned
by the General Manager/CEO.
The ideal candidate must have a minimum of 10 years of progressively complex/responsible re-
lated work experience which includes 5+ years at department director level or higher of equiva-
lent position. A bachelorTs degree is required with preference for a masterTs degree. It is
desired that the selected candidate have experience in the utility industry as well as a demon-
strated ability in internal management, financial analysis, budgeting, strong leadership. facilita-
tion/teamwork, and interpersonal skills.
Salary range $103.168 - $153,088 plus car allowance and a comprehensive and competitive bene-
fits package. Salary commensurate with education and experience. A completed application
and/or resume with cover letter, salary history and five work-related references for initial screen-
ing should be received in the Human Resources Office by March 1, 2002.
Employment is contingent upon passing a physical examination including a drug screening url-
nalvsis. To ensure consideration, a completed Greenville UtilitiesT application must be received
in the Human Resources Office. Contact the Human Resources Office, P.O. Box 1847.
Greenville. North Carolina 27835 (801 Mumford Road) or call (252)551-1513.
http://www.gue.com
GPA Membership Form
Please check one of the memberstup classifications listed:
Broadcaster On-Air Radio, TV ___ Record Labels / Independents
Print Media National Regional Internet
a __ Media Owners Brokers
_____ Retailers
" Other
Membership fees are $50.00 per year for each classification. Please make check payable to
GAPA - PO Box 3692, Gastonia, North Carolina 28054. There 1s a $25 service fee for returned
checks
Section A Individual Broadcaster (please print clearly)
7 Name. First - MP bate
$5 Address - _ oo
Ciy, tt s"ssiséS tates Zp: Country, 7
G Home Phone: Work Phone, a _
(0) Email: ____ Website: oe
Station Call Letters/Frequency Church Affilation(optional))
. RETIRED
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The East Carolina (ECB) is currently seeking applicants for a PART-TIME Teller in the UNIVERSITY |
MEDICAL CENTER branch oedaad on Stantonsburg Road in GREENVILLE, NC. Enjoy the flexibility}
of part-time, 24 hour per week employment with one of N.C.Ts BEST BANKS! Previous experience in
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OSM ap
HOSPITAL r
~THEVACUUM CLEANER HOSPITAL SALUTES DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING
Solutions to the complex plight of the Negro will sot be easy. Thie
does fot sigmfiy that they are wnposible RecognizingT these
complexities as challenges rather than as cbstacles, we will make
progress if we accept the fact that four hundred years of sinning
cannot be canceled out in four minutes of atonement. Neither can we
allow the guilty to tailor thei atonement in such a manner as tO «sit
another four seconds of debberate hurt upon the victim.
WHY WE CAN'T WAIT
by Martin Luther King Jr.
pg. 142
Tniixele [U(elaye:
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Everyone gets one of the following:
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Limced time offer Subject to credit approval with activation of service on | oF 2- year contract for each phone/line required Offer cannot be combined with any other offer. Early
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Mobile to Mobile Service unlmntted ¢ ;
Weekends/Package Minutes/Anytne Minutes available only on calls orginating and terminotin
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Nokia ine. Nokia, Connecting People, end the 3300 senes
Motorola and the etylired A
Entertainment, ing
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What do you have te say?� and the graphic leon are Service Marks of Cingular Wireless LC. ©2001 Cingular Wireless LLC. Allrights reserved
one/line apply. Family Talk is avaiable with Cogan Home Rate Plans and requires activation of two to four phonas/lines, Uniimited Fami
alling between your FamilyTalk group calling each-other within the Mobile to Mobile locel service area on Cingular phones, Unlimited Nights
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other messured usage are rounded up to the next full minute at the end of each call for billing
9 the next billing period Although service is avaiable at authorized agents, equipment availability and prices
minutes ¢ charged at $ 15 to $.50 per minute Vis subject to taxes, long distance, roam
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onas are trademarks of Nokia Corporation and/or its affiliates. Ericsson and the Ericsson name are registered trademarks
logo are registered in the US. Patent & Trademark Office. PlayStation and the PlayStation logos are regiaeree traclemarks of the Sony Computer
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Dr. George Hawkins
No Time for God
Greetings in the immaculate
name of Jesus Christ:
One day while meditating on
the Lord and contemplating
the condition of the church
world, He began to speak
some things to me. He said
there was a time when my
people really sought after me
and the things that pleased me.
Now it is the opposite. they
have become _ self-pleasures
and seek things that please
themselves. They have time
for everything but me. They
have time for work, play,
parties. TV shows. games.
parades and everything under
the sun except me. This was a
shock statement but it is so
true. There is coming a time
when You are going to need
the Lord to come to your
rescue immediately. but WILL
HE HAVE TIME FOR YOU?
Jeremiah 2:32 says. oMy
people have forgotten me days
without number�. Psalm 9:17
also let us know that the
wicked shall be turned into
hell. and all nations that forget
God. Forget and forgotten are
intense words when used in
context with God and His
and deliberately revolt against
God shows, atT any rate, some
respect for. His power. A
person can pray what they call
a formal prayer and it can be
just deadT as a doorknob but at
least it is acknowledging
GodTs existence; but saints of
God, when we forget Him and
live and plan and work as
though He doesnTt exist and
| treat Him as if He doesnTt
matter, that is a sure sign of
separatism. It is a dangerous
thing to be separated from the
Lord. We are living in
perilous times and therefore
need to hear from the Lord.
We need His protection and
we most definitely need Him
in our lives.
In Il Tim 3:1-4 the Apostle
Paul warned of what. would
happen in these last days. If
you
would read these scriptures,
you will see that they are so
prevalent as they fit the present
day both in church and out.
Are people lovers of God?
Not hardly!T They are oLovers
of their own SELVES, covet-
ous, boasters, proud, blas-
phemers, disobedient to
parents... Traitors... LOVERS
OF PLEASURES MORE
THAN LOVERS OF GOD�.
Has it come to pass? Do we
have time for everything under
the sun but God? Apostle Paul
even foresaw the decline in
religion, for he says, oHaving
a FORM of godliness, but
denvingT the POWER
thereof"(v.5).
What was the power in the
days when church WAS a
power and souls were brought
to eSnviction and then con-
verted? It was the Holy Spirit.
the WHOLE Bible (not muti-
lated). and the real gospel
calling men to turn from sin to
God. to be saved through a
once crucified but now living
Christ. It is sad to say but we
people. Religions that openly be out of style. The Holy
Spirit. is ignored; the Bible
(what's left of it) is fixed up to.
suit ourselves; conversion is
no longer necessary; dead
churches have GONE
MODERN; TRAITORS are in
the pulpits repeating the
ApostlesT Creed and then turn
around and deny the whole
thing. Jesus is either left out
or brought down to the level of -
a mere man. oWe donTt seem |.
to care for the gospel anymore.
Give us recreation, movies,
plays, social uplift,� and com-
promise with SIN (even if our
children DO go to ruin); and
by all means donTt mention the
blood because it offends our
polite (itching) ears�.
Modernism and many man-
made religions are on the rise,
along with atheism casting its
deadly blight can only be
leading to one thing, the fast
approaching of the antichrist.
The worst than can happen to
a person or nation in this world
is to be forsaken by God.
There is a scripture in the
Bible that seems very cruel
which is this: oWhatsoever a
man soweth, that shall he also
reap� (Gal. 6:7). God doesnTt
make it cruel. Man makes it
cruel for HIMSELF by taking
up some selfish, fleshly appe-
tite that will surely bring him
to want. He wants what he
cannot get, for there will be no
earthly thing in hell to satisfy
a depraved appetite. In hell
people will not only be oweep-
ing and wailing� over lost
opportunities to be saved, gone
forever, but souls will see what
they missed.
oSeek ye FIRST the kingdom -
ot God and HIS righteousness;
and ALL these things SHALL
be added unto you�. (Matt.
6:33). Try it! Find time for
God, and He will have time for
you.
oDraw nigh to God. and He
will draw nigh to you�. (Jas.
Faith May
RESOLVING CONFLICT
AT SCHOOL
With all of the evil taking
place in the world now, could
matters be worse? If so, why
aren't they? This is not a trick
question. Neither is it a
rhetorical question. It is a
legitimate query that deserves
a serious response: God. Ina
world gone partially mad, God
is controlling Satan and_ his
cohorts for the sake of believ-
ers. the children of God.
The relationship that God has
between Himself and His chil-
dren is the basis for gaining
strength to resolve or reduce
conflicts in the school setting.
Christian young people need
to understand that just as God
controls Satan in the world on
behalf of godly people, He will
and can control Satan in and
around school on behalf of his
saved young people. If you
are his child. things may get
tough. However. they are not
as tough as thes could be tf
God were not on your side.
Let us look at the kinds of
conflict that often arise at
school or in school settings
such as the school bus or the
walk to and trom school.
Some of the problems of
contlicts listed by several mid-
dle school and high school
Students that most often occur
among students include:
The Minority Voice January 8 - January 18 2002
Intimidation
Discrimination
If we are going to help young
people learn how to resolve,.
reduce, or manage conflict
effectively at school, we must
guide them to GodTs Word. In
it we find that there are
spiritual causes of violence
and discipline problems at
school-first of all, oThe fool
hath said in his heart, There is
no God (Psalm 14:1).
This is a serious indictment
of and judgment upon indi-
viduals who-deny the existence
vf God. They are regarded as
senseless, dimwitted, and un-
wise. Why is this description
important? God seems to be
sayang when you meet some-
one who denies the existence
of the creator God, that person
does not have sound thought
processes. The conclusion
might be not to listen to them;
they are fools. Do not hang
around them. They are fools!
Do not be surprised by any-
thing they do, because those
people are fools!
Thus the conflict you see
occurring at school should be
expected. Why? The answer is
contained in Romans 1:21. It
states:
Because that, when they knew
God. they glorified him not as
God. neither were thankful:
but became vain in their imagi-
nations, their foolish heart was
darkened.
We should expect conflict in
schools today because God has
been ignored. Then how can a
godly young person avoid
getting into conflicts with
other people who may be
ungodly? How can young
people who are concerned
about obedience to God and
the welfare of their school-
mates function in an environ-
ment that is hostile toward
spiritual things? How can they
manage any conflict that in-
volves individuals who are not
under the control of the Holy
line : Edificatioy
i e New Generation
I believe there are three
emotions that sometimes cause
young people and adults not to
walk away or try harder to
reduce a conflict: pride, anger,
and fear. How can young
people 1 school situations
avoid reacting to these emo-
tions? First, one must ask, oIs
my will in line with God, or is
my will in line with Satan?
An individual who desires to
fight you or curse at you for no
visible reason is probably act-
ing like his or her father, the
Devil. The Bible states time
and again that if your father is
the Devil, you are going to act
and react in the same violent
profane way that the children
of Satan behave.
The wisdom of the Bible ts
wonderful to listen to. but how
can God's Word help you in a
situation where the only alter-
natives are to fight or take
flight? Matthew 6:13 offers.
hope and encouragement.
Some other helpful Scriptures
are | Corinthians 10:13. James
1:2-3, and James 4:7.
Finally, as we contemplate
how to reduce conflict in
school " settings, Christians
young people must accept a
high calling. That calling is to
focus on beiny a friend of God
(see John 15:14). Do not be
surprised if you are attempting
with all your heart to do right.
yet others do not like you (see
John 15:18-19; 16:33). There
may be confusion and conflict
all around us, but God wants
His children to be at peace.
Our Father has promised that
He will cause even our ene-
mies to be at peace with us
(see Prov. 16:7: John 14:27).
Note To Readers: Ms Mav
has a college degree in
human services and has
worked six years on the
Adolescent Psychiatric unit
at PCMH as a Mental
Health Technician. It is her
firm belief that it does no
good to treat the mind and
body and not minister to
the spirit. She prays that
ee rr . Spirit?
people. It means alienation are living in a time when all 4:8). 0 : aan a
between the Lord and His that is old fashion. It seems to Arguing What do you do when through. the GS err ise
Disrespect someone wants to fight you? her articles printed will
e Gossip When someone curses you? help someone.
r « en e : rl] i Sexual Threatens you? Talks about :
e Harassment you? Calls you ugly names or
Threats steals from you?
org hz £. iY wee o ie 7 nan csesonagnnnsnacnnnmsneros
. rw 7 } LOW A |
ie
Greene Street Bridge
An old hisjpric landmark, the Greene Street Bridge is in the process of being torn down.
lake a last look. It won't be seen again. Greenville is changing. Are you keeping up
with the clianging times?
EQGELINE
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PROUDLY
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DR. MARTIN
The
LUTHER KING
Mountaintop
"] must contess that there
are those moments when |
feel a sense of tnadequacy
~asa symbol. It is never easy
for one to accept the role
of symbolism. without going
through constant moments
of self-examination. And |
must contess that there are
moments when 1 begin to
wonder whether ] am ade-
quate or whether | am able
to tace all of the challenges
and even the responsibill-
tles of thts particular post-
tion.�
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Photo by Jim Rouse
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Owner Walter Williams
4
ae
he will call for a national boycott against MGM
Mirage Inc. if the casino operator refuses to meet
with him to discuss claims of discrimination at the
companyTs Detroit casino.
Citing an employment discrimination lawsuit
filed by 14 past and present em-
ployees of the MGM Grand De-
troit, the civil rights activist said
his National Action Network
civil rights group would lead a
boycott against all the companyTs
casinos and hotels if MGM Mi-
rage Chairman Terry Lanni de-
clines to meet with him by the
end of the year.
oItis our desire that they come
to the table before we have to ask
people to stay away from their
tables,� Sharpton said Wednes-
day during a stop in Las Vegas.
Sharpton was on his way to Los
Angeles to open another chapter
of his National Action Network.
Sharpton said he will be back
in Las Vegas early next year to
lead a boycott if MGM Mirage,
the largest hotel-casino operator
on the Las Vegas Strip, officials
donTt agree to a meeting.
If a boycott doesnTt bring Lanni to the bargaining
table, Sharpton said he was prepared to occupy the
companyTs casino tables.
oAS you know, I'm not afraid of civil disobedi-
ence,� he said.
Gene Collins, former president of the Las Vegas
chapter of the National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People and chairman of the
National Action Network, filed a written complaint
with the Nevada Gaming Control Board after
Sharpton spoke.
The complaint asks control board Chairman
Dennis Neilander to investigate the attitude and
conduct of MGM Mirage in light of the Michigan
Jawsult.
oThe allegations in this suit cut to the core of
REV. AL SHAPTON
oMifae oe Racial Discrimination ,
LAS VEGAS (AP)"The Rev. Al Sharpton says _
what I have been alleging all along,� Collins wrote.
oMGM has been practicing racist policies toward
African- Americans i in hiring, promoting and con-
tracting.�
Lanni was out of the country and unavailable for
comment.
MGM Mirage Vice President
of Corporate Diversity and Com-
munity Affairs Punam Mathursaid
company executives have no in-
tention of meeting with the New
York activist.
oHeTs trying to create a prob-
lem rather than solve a problem,�
Mathur said.
Several Las Vegas black lead-
ers who support MGM MirageTs
efforts to diversify its contracting,
purchasing and hiring attended
SharptonTs news conference.
Urban Chamber of Commerce
Executive Director Louis
Overstreet said he disagreed with
Sharpton, Collins and the Na-
tional Action Network.
oWe've tried to work with
MGM Mirage and we're pleased
with the progress theyT ve made on
their diversity initiative,�
Overstreet said.
Control board member Bobby Siller, who is black,
said he was personally pleased with the progress MGM
Mirage has made in providing opportunities to minor-
ity employees, contractors and vendors.
oThey've shown by their actions a willingness to
work with us on this issue,� he said.
The Michigan lawsuit filed in October charges
that MGM Grand Detroit is a hostile working envi-
ronment for blacks.
MGM Mirage issued a statement about the lawsuit
noting that the company considers the charges serious
and is making a serious commitment to investigating
them.
oGrandstanding, making unreasonable demands
and staging press conferences will not get the job
done,� the statement concluded.
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Ms. Sujette Jones
Understanding Jefferson
E.M. Halliday
Even during his lifetime, Thomas
Jefferson's friends and foes strug-
gled to understand him.
Alexander Hamilton thought him
to be a liar without principles.
George Washington eventually
concluded that Jefferson was a
hypocrite. James Madison and
James Monroe loved and admired
him. John Adams. a close
acquaintance, finally gave up of
ever understanding him.
Jefferson. he said. was a oshadow
man akin to the great rivers,
whose bottoms we cannot see and
make no noise.�
Historians have not given up in
equality. The author criticizes
those who refused to accept that
Jefferson engaged in a lengthy
sexual relationship with Sally
Hemings, his slave. However the
publication in 1998 of the cele-
brated DNA tests revealed a high
probability that he indeed fathered
several children by Hemings.
Understanding Jefferson is not a
biography but a character study
that focuses almost entirely on the
intimate affairs of Jefferson's life
and an acknowledgment of his
carnal desires. Halliday theorizes
that the adolescent Jefferson was
on fire with sexual feelings and
quite possibly visited prostitutes.
masturbated and had wet dreams.
He probably engaged in premari-
tal sex when courting his future
wife. wished to have intercourse
with Maria Cosby. with whom he
may have had an adulterous affair.
and was drawn both to literature
and art that was filled with sexual
and erotic bent. The author's
point is not that Jefferson was
disturbed but that he was perfectly
normal. His questionable behav-
: their quest to unclrstseal his
character and especially his pri- young
owate behavior--given the fact that
| he is more valuable to this country
than any other Founder. The. when
. . Studies of Jefferson reflect the
_- eontrariness of his. views on-
racism and social and political
and in a olusty mood�. geen
had died when he took Hemings
with him on his trip to Paris.
Besides, she may have seduced
him. Not much about JeffersonTs
inner life can be proven but the
author acknowledges that the
conclusion he has drawn are for
the most part based on the
oprobability� of what Jefferson
would have done.
The biographers of Jefferson
guessed at his private conduct
and concluded that it was uni-
maginable that he could have
behaved in certain ways. But
based upon todayTs more relaxed
standards, Halliday appears anx-
ious that Jefferson should yet
qualify as a ogreat American
icon�, especially when judged by
todayTs standards, but the proper
task of the historian is to measure
the subject against the standards
of the time in which he or she
lived. By that measure. Jefferson
remains deserving of his place on
Mount Rushmore.
Reviewed by John Ferling
changes.
{
|
| WASHINGTON"American Airlines could have easily resolved questions about the identity of an Arab-American
i Secret Service agent barred from a Christmas Day flight. according the agent's lawyers. In a recent press
conference. the manTs attorney's said a single telephone call to a White House number the agent offered to
| airlines employees would have confirmed his identity. The lawyers said American Airlines was guilty of racial
discrimination. but the agent has not decided whether to file a lawsuit. The man wants procedures and training
| put in place to prevent future incidents, his lawyers said. American Airlines rejected the charge of racial cis-
crimination. saying airlines personnel had reason to be suspicious of the man. who they contend filled out
| paperwork improperly. A pilot would not allow the agent. who works on the President Bushs security detail, to
i
take the flight.
The Gities
BALTIMORE"Prosecutors and police officials say changes in wiretap laws are needed to make eavesdropping
on drug dealers easier. They argue criminals are sparingly using cell phones. using multiple cell phones. and
other strategies to thwart investigations. Law enforcement officials are backing legislative changes that would
allow quickly switching wiretaps from phone to phone. to follow the moves of suspects. The American Civil
Liberties Union and others are likely to oppose changes to existing laws, saying judges provide a balance
between law enforcement and protection of individual rights.
SEATTLE"Community colleges say increased layoffs in the state have outstripped funding for their worker
retraining programs. The popular prcgrams offered tuition assistance for two year degrees. certification in
specialty areas or classes pursued by v:urners wha lost jobs. While state unemployment rose to 6.6 percent in
October, the state budget aiso suffered 3 $1 3 billion snovdall, The lack of funds means colleges can't get more
state money and some workers vill not be adie to attenT. classes in upcoming semesters. Over the last eight
years. more'than 50.000 laid-off workers were able to receive tuition assistance under the Worker Retraining
Program. Program funding in the past couple of years has totaled $28 million.
TALLAHASSEE"A state population boom borne out by the 2000 Census means Florida will gain two congres-
sional seats and likely endure a major redistricting fight along the way The first major plan. which was released
Jan. 3. sparked a battle between two Republican lawmakers in the state legislature. The plan offered by the state
; Senate lacked a U.S. congressional seat that would ostensibly go to House Speaker Tom Feeney. Republican
! State Sen. Jack Latvala drafted the plan as chairman of the Senate committee redrawing the boundaries. The
| Latyala plan carves out new Republican seats in South Florida and north of Tampa Bay. There is no seat in the
| suburbs northeast of Orlando. which is a Feeney stronghold. House Speaker Feeney has been raising money for
a congressional campaign. Observers say redistricting. which is to be taken up in the state legislature Jan. 22.
| will likely include lawsuits to finalize the process. Redistricting occurs every 10 years based on population
(A round-up of news shorts
from cities across the country)
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Freedom could not erase
memories of grim mile-
stones in a slave's existence
St. Augustine once _a hub of
slave trade
By ALLINIECE T.
ANDINO
Times-Union staff writer
Slaves carried the word
across plantations and state
lines that the sound of gunfire
meant freedom. It was 1865,
the Civil War was over and
Union soldiers canvassed the
South to deliver news of the
Emancipation Proclamation.
Margrett Nickerson remem-
bered the gunfire, she told an
interviewer working with a
Federal WritersT Project to
collect memories of former
slaves in 1936. Nickerson
heard the shots as she toted
cotton to the scales one day.
Nickerson's master told her
she was free. But freedom
would not erase what she had
endured for nearly 20 years
on a Leon County plantation.
The lives of slaves were
marked by the gnm mile-
stones of being sold. working
as human chattel and being
bred against their " will.
Bonded servants prayed in
secret, whispered of freedom
and at times married someone
from another plantation so
they would not have to.gee a
loved one raped or beaten.
"Slaves could never escape
the fact that they were slaves
and that their movements as
well as their other activities
were almost always under the
most careful surveillance."
wrote John Hope Franklin
and Alfred A. Moss Jr. in the
1994 edition of From Slavery
to Freedom.
On the plantation
On Sundays and after work-
days. slavesT lives became
their own. Under the moon-
light. they sang, danced and
told stories. On Sundays,
children played marbles, men
fished in nearby streams or
lakes and women went to
market and traded goods for
their meager households.
Plantations carpeted the
fringes of Jacksonville in the
1800s. A Jacksonville lawyer,
A.G. "Gus" Hartridge, told a
WritersT Project interviewer in
1939 that when he was a boy,
Springfield was known as the
Jones _ Plantation. The
Sammis Plantation, Hudnall
Plantation and the PhilipsT
plantation, called Red Bank,
were in Arlington. Avondale
was part of a plantation, and
then there were the
Hendricks. Hogarth and
Bigelow plantations, said
Hartnidge, who was 70 at the
time he was interviewed.
About 2.8 million slaves
worked on farms and planta-
tions in 1850 across the
nation, and most of those, 1.8
million worked cotton fields,
stated From Slavery to
Freedom.
Cotton pickers = waded
through rows of stalks 7 feet
high. sometimes cutting their
fingers on the bolls that
clutched the soft blossoms
like claws. If ordered, slaves
toiled past the dinner hour
and under the glow of a full
moon.
Slaves were field workers,
house workers and _ skilled
carpenters, blacksmiths and
masons. Slaves built houses
and crafted furniture. They
wove cotton into cloth, spun
thread into ropes, tanned
cowhides for shoes and made
soap of ashes, water and
grease.
On a large plantation, a bugle
sounded at the start of the
day, probably around 5 a.m.
Slaves would prepare their
meals and eat them in the
fields, Rivers said. They
would break for lunch; some-
times just 15 minutes was
allowed. Small children
would bring them water. And
mothers of infants would be
allowed time to nurse. After
the short break, work contin-
ued for a few hours or into
dark, depending on the sea-
Harvest time meant
longer hours.
Living conditions "
Slaves usually lived in one-room log cabins with
leaky roofs and dirt floors, Rivers wrote in Slavery ©
in Florida. The sparse furnishings were a bed, a
simple table and a chair or two. They either slept
on a blanket or quilt, or fashioned a mattress of
Spanish moss and chicken or goose feathers. Slaves
in Florida -- particularly when Florida was under
Spanish rule, from 1565 to 1763 and from 1784 to
1821 -- were generally treated better than their
brethren in other areas of the South.
Slave children were cared for by older children or
by slave women too old to be sent out to the fields.
Children often ran around barefoot and naked, or
they wore long shirts or frocks. They received
shoes when it was time to start working the fields
and usually received another pair each winter. "
A state statute prohibited anyone from teaching
blacks to read or write. But during Sunday school,
many blacks ignored this law and learned secretly.
On Sunday mornings, white preachers told slaves
to mind their masters and they would be saved,
explained former slave Margrett Nickerson.
"Dey never tole us nothinT bout Jesus." she said in
her own vernacular.
But slaves held clandestine meetings and had
praying grounds where a few met at a time.
At night, slaves told tales of Africa, passed on
fables and folklore. They played fiddles and drums.
"As long as work schedules did not suffer, many
owners permitted their slaves to sing, dance and
play music as late (or as early) as they desired,"
Rivers wrote.
The quality of a slave's life usually depended on
his master And, outside of being born on a
plantation, a slave's master was often determined
by an auction. Families were torn apart at auctions.
Siblings, mothers and children often never saw
each other again.
The voice of Marsha Dean Phelts breaks when she
tells how the 10 children of her great-great-
grandmother were sold.
"They carried them all to the auction house and
lined them up across the platform.� said Phelts. a
resident of Jacksonville and American Beach.
PheltsT great-grandmother. Rosalee Butts. passed
down the story of how her mother cried continu-
ously while at the auction. When someone grabbed
the baby she was nursing from her arms to be sold,
" itts' mother screamed.
"She wept all through it, and then when the baby
went, it was just too hard to bury the weeping."
Phelts said. "She gave a blood-curdling cry.�
Butts never saw her mother again. She saw a sister
in passing, but all they could do was wave.
Physical punishment
Whippings in the field were commonplace on some
plantations and virtually nonexistent on others,
depending on the master, the overseer and their
philosophies of motivation.
Irene Coates, a former slave interviewed by a
federal writer in 1936, said she saw men. women
and children tied by their thumbs to tree limbs and
whipped.
Nickerson said she was struck with sticks and
straps when toting water through the fields for
workers. At night, her father would doctor her
wounds. She blamed the beatings for her ailing legs
and her need for a wheelchair later in life.
Not all slaves dealt quietly with such treatment.
Phelts described beatings of her great-grandmother
on a South Carolina plantation as events. The two
brothers of her great-grandmother would fight for
her to keep her from getting hurt, Phelts said.
"It was trauma when she was beaten. When they
would whip her, the brothers would cause such a
riot and such a ruckus," she said.
In punishment, the brothers were sold and shipped
away to Alabama, she said.
House workers, it appears, lived a more congenial
life than field workers. Harriett Gresham was a
slave who worked in the "big house� on a South
Carolina plantation. A federal writer interviewed
her in Jacksonville in 1936.
She had a carefree life, playing with the children
of her mistress. At about age 12, she was given
small tasks to do, such as knitting a pair of »
stockings or dusting the furniture. So fond were her
memories that Gresham continued to correspond
with one of her master's children into her 90s.
The runaway
Slaves ran away for several reasons. Some fled
poor treatment. Some hastened to join family
members sold to other owners. And some just ran
to be free.
One runaway slave was the Rev. Squires Jackson.
At age 19, Jackson heard of the impending Civil
War and wanted to fight. He ran from a
Jacksonville plantation to Lake City, Jackson told
a federal writer.
He hid in trees and groves to evade a posse in
pursuit. He covered up his face and body with
Spanish moss before falling asleep at night.
After four days of travel, guided by the North Star
and instinct, Jackson reached Lake City.
He reported to a Union general who told him to
act as an orderly until further instruction. Jackson
saw wounded black soldiers stretched on the filthy
ground of a horse stable. He was so repulsed, he
decided not to join the army.
Jackson ran to Tallahassee and worked with the
railroad until the end of the war. After the war,
Jackson returned to Jacksonville, became a brick-
layer and was later ordained as a minister.
Jackson said slavery was tough at times, but added,
"No storm lasts forever.
"Even the best masters in slavery couldn't be as
good as the worst person in freedom. Oh, God, it
1s good to be free, and | am thankful."
Staff writer Alliniece T. Andino can be reached at
(904) 359-4546 or via e-mail at
aandino@jacksonville.com.
: ~~ The Minority Voice January 8 - January 18 2002 sent
We salute his
dream...
Fd v
rt 2]
=,
" - RaT ay ahead ; :
aon Ses Pee eal =| ial a
me,
Ppise i a Ti whe *
AB, REN A, fae.
; vot 2 ati eer Lael ° re : . temas ane
re Soe o) a . . ,
Martin Luther
King, Jr,
Martin Community College
1161 Kehukee Park Rd
Williamston, NC 252-792-1521
www. martin.cc.nc.us
An Equal Opportunity Instition
Martin County
Community Action, Inc.
Proudly Celebrates
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin County Community Action, Inc.
(Serving Beaufort, Martin & Pitt Counties)
Reginald Speight
Executive Director
RLSpeight@aol.com
Pager: (252) 353-9272
Tel: (252) 792-7111
Fax: (252) 792-1248